第9讲 被动语态 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第9讲 被动语态 教学目标 本讲主要解决以下问题： 1. 什么是动词的被动语态？ 2. 被动语态的时态 3. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 4. 被动语态在非谓语中的运用 5. 写作技巧提升 Part I. 夯实语法 动词的被动语态 理解“被动” 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式（可参考中文的被动句），常用于以下两种情况： 1． 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； a 我的杯子被摔坏了。 2．强调动作的承受者。 b 这座大桥是由我的爷爷设计的。 1. 各种时态主被动对比 (1)  一般现在时 主动 do, is/are The worker requests visitors not to touch the exhibits. 被动 am/is/are +done Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (2) 现在完成时 主动have/has done We have finished all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start. 被动 has /have been done All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. (3) 现在进行时 主动 be doing We are building a new cinema here． 被动 am/is /are being done A new cinema is being built here． (4) 一般过去时 主动 did The director gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 被动 was/were done I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. (5) 过去完成时 主动 had done By the end of last year, the government had completed another new gymnasium in Beijing. 被动 had been done By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (6) 过去进行时 主动 was/were doing They were holding a meeting when I was there. 被动 was/were being done A meeting was being held when I was there. (7) 一般将来时 主动 will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to + do They will lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. 被动 shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. (8)过去将来时 主动 would/should/was going to/was about to + do He would send the news to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 被动 should/would be done/ was\were going to be done/ was\were about to be done/was\were to be done The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. (9)将来完成时 （被动语态少用） 主动 shall/will have done We will have completed the project before July. 被动 shall/will have been done The project will have been completed before July. (10)过去将来完成时 （被动语态少用） 主动 should/would have done He told me that he would have made his new clothes very soon. 被动 should/would have been done He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.   注意：一些动词没有被动语态形式       A.不及物动词，如：happen        B.连系动词，如：look, feel, smell, taste       C.表示状态的词，如：have（拥有）  1. An accident was happened yesterday.（×）  应该为：An accident happened yesterday.  2. The flower is smelt sweet. (  ×）    应该为：The flower smells sweet. ［随堂练习一］ 单选 1.Our house_____, 　     A . is getting paint　 B . is getting painted　 C . is got painted　 D . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend . 　     A . was met by　 B . was met　 C . was meeting　 D . met by  3.The war_____in 1937 　    A . was broken out　 B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out  4.The mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher. 　     A . cross　 B . be crossing　 C . be crossed by　D . cross by  5.My brother and I have __________her birthday party. 　     A . been invited　 B . been invited for　 C . invited to　 D . been invited to  b. 将下列主动语态变为被动语态．       1.Has anybody fed the birds?       2.People will never forget the accident.       3.They are repairing the car in the garage.       4.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday. 5.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. c. 改错 1. The station built in 1928. 2. A new factory was built in our city at that time. 3. Your watch has mended already. 4. Welcome to our English Corner! This Corner set up two years ago.(茂名2模） 5. it suggested that you read a great variety of books after school. （汕头1模） 6. What they did has been brought joy to others and enriched our own lives.（中山5月模拟） 7. But great changes have been taken place after a chemical factory was built near our school a year ago. （惠州四月） 8. One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition.(广州调研） 9. Meanwhile, various media, such as the radio, the television, the network and the newspaper, make advertising is widespread, attracting the attention of tens of millions of people. （茂名1模） 10. It is reported that thirty cellphones taken away by teachers during the examination and were smashed(粉粹) in front of students and parents at a high school.（揭阳一中) 3. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1) 宾补结构：当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 　Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. → The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 2）使役动词的被动结构：在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 　Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. → A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 　The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 4）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。　 　It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. ＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ［随堂练习二］ 将下列句子转换为被动语态 1. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting. 2. My mother allowed me to play games for a while. 3. Someone must have turned on the light without your notice. 4. He showed me the flat he shares with Esther. 5. You may write this letter in pencil. 6. He felt something move beside him. 7. It is supposed that by then Peter would be married . 单选 1. ______to say a thing in that way 　     A . It is considers wrong　 B . It is considered wrong     C . It is considered it's wrong　 D . It is considering wrong  2. The house_____my parents 　     A . is belong to　 B . belong to　 C . belongs to　 D . is belonged to  3. He_______by his teacher. 　     A . happened to see　 B . was happened to see  C . happened to be seen　 D . was happened to be seen  4. The new hall is the tallest building in this town._____from here? 　    A . Can it see　 B . Can it be seen　C . Can it seen　 D . Can see  5. --- Do you like the material?  --- Yes, it ___ very soft.     A . is feeling　 B . felt　 C . feels　 D . is felt  4. 被动语态和非谓语 在非谓语中，过去分词可以在句子中作表语、定语等成分，和相关的名词是被动关系；如果是主动关系，则用v.+ing 形式 如：The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. = The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 此句中，the letter和动词mail之间是被动关系（信被寄），所以用动词的过去分词。 The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. =The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 此句中，the man 和动词sit之间是主动关系（人坐着），所以用动词的-ing形式。 ［随堂练习三］ 一．单项选择 1. To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English_____ as much as we can. A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak 2．He was busy writing a story, only_____once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped 3． It is one of the funniest things_____on the Internet so far this year. A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found 4． _____that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A.Not realized B.Not to realize C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized 5．We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. A.wait B.to be waiting C.waited D.waiting 5. 被动语态在写作中的运用 为了高考写作能出彩，我们一向鼓励学生“短话长说”，怎么“长”法呢？就需要用到句型，比如定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句等等。但在日常写作中，因为学生都擅长从正向思维去思考问题，所以笔下的句型常常以主动语态居多，如果句子没有从句，没有加彩的词组或单词，可以考虑用被动语态使句子出彩，更鼓励大家语态，从句，词组三者混用！ 翻译 1. 众所周知，以园林著称的苏州吸引了许多外国人前来参观。 2. 古时候，人们用石头和砖块建造长城来保护这个国家的北部边疆。 请用被动语态写出这个句子。 写作： 1.由于生存的环境被破环，以及人们的过度捕杀，老虎的数量在日益下降，老虎的生存也愈发艰难，请你以“Tigers are in danger”为题，写一篇英语短文。（只要写一些句子即可） 例如：树木砍伐，环境污染。 猎人的捕杀使得老虎的数量日益减少。 我们应该采取一些措施来拯救处在危险中的老虎。 2.现在越来越多的中学生拥有了自己的手机（mobile phone）。作为一名中学生，你对中 学生持有手机有什么看法？写一篇80词左右的短文。（只用写一些句子即可） 例如：我们广泛使用手机来发短信，玩游戏以及和朋友聊天。 思考：你还能想出哪些句子呢？ ［随堂练习四］ 一、将下列句子转为被动句 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right. 7. He had not thrown the bad food. 8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing. 10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. 二．改错 ①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? ____________ ③Lei Feng’s name remembered by all Chinese people. ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed? ____________ 三．填空: 1. The dog, （train) properly, will be made a good watchdog. 2. The lost boy_____________（not find）so far． 3. I found that there were two flowers _____ (leave) in my son’s basket. 4. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital. 5. Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 6. ---What knives (make) of ? ---They__________(make) of metal and wood. 7. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 8. ... People stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows, (hurry) ahead to get to a bargain. 9. The last dessert (taste) a little strange, which made her want to vomit. 10. --- I (tell) the sports meeting might be put off. 　 --- Yes，it all depends on the weather. 11. The new suspension bridge (design) by the end of last month. 12. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students (work) for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study. 13. The computers on the table (belong) to Professor Smith. 14. This page needed (check) again. 15. Great changes (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories (set up). 16. Expectedly, Jim ( inform) that he got the job eventually.（揭阳2模） 17. During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils (allow) to visit him in his prison(广州调研） 18. His enemies had him (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.（广州调研） 19. The tendency to rebel against God’s perfect standards of right wrong became a part of mankind’s nature and (pass) on from generation to generation ever since. （广州六校联考） 20. Other movie stars like Zac Efron, Miley Cyrus and Emma Watson （welcome）by children, too. （惠州黄冈） 21. The general himself too (wound) seriously. （揭阳一中） 22. Next morning, all that (leave) of the Cat’s party was a large heap of fur and feathers. (梅州二模） Part III：技巧提升 作文中常用连接词 1. 表层次 （常用于铺开论点论述） 第一 First/firstly, to begin with, to start with, 第二 second/secondly, third/thirdly, what is more, 第三点或以上last but not the least, 最后 finally, eventually, in the end, in conclusion, at last 增加补充 furthermore, moreover, also, and then, next, besides, too, in addition, As for suggestions for group buying, firstly, you should carefully read the advertisements and the comments from other customers. Secondly (what’s more), buy with a clear purpose no matter how cheap it is. Last but not the least, it is better to shop on famous and reliable websites to avoid being cheated by some cheating websites. 2. 表转折 （但是，然而，不过，尽管如此······） 简易版 but, yet, despite, although/though, however Yet , with strong belief, he is consistent in his positive attitude toward life. 升级版 otherwise, nevertheless/nonetheless Conditions should be laid down. Otherwise it's all talk. 词组版 by contrast/in contrast, even though, on the flip side, regardless of, instead (of) Regardless of how often I correct him, he always makes the same mistake. 3. 表因果 因为 because of+名词. because+句子, for, since We should call for the popularity of handwriting because Chinese characters are the most important part of Chinese culture. 由于 thanks to, due to, owing to, Thanks to your help, I could come through in such a difficult condition. 所以 so, therefore , thus, hence, Men are anxious to improve their circumstances, but are unwilling to improve themselves; they therefore remain bound. 结果 as a result, as a consequence/consequently She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks 4. 表让步(虽然，尽管，毕竟） in spite of, despite, even so, after all We must plough on somehow in spite of all the difficulties. No matter where you go in life or how old you get, there's always something new to learn about. After all, life is full of surprises. 5. 表递进 （此外，另外，而且，再者，不仅······而且······） Furthermore, moreover, likewise, besides, also, not only…but also…，in addition, what is more, on（the）one hand…on the other hand, Young people today prefer typing instead of writing by hand. Furthermore, some wrongly-written advertising signs can be seen everywhere. On one hand, manufacturers can sell goods on a large scale and reduce marketing expense, on the other hand, by cooperating with each other we shoppers can buy``` I believe it will not only delight your father, but also bring benefits to you. 6. 表举例 （引出例子) for example/ for instance, such as, to illustrate, namely, XXX is a case in point, Personally I have been able to buy many things online that I could not find in our local stores, such as an old Japanese comic I bought from a comic book website recently. 7. 表解释 (老实说，也就是说，坦白说······） to be honest/frank, namely, honestly/frankly speaking, in this case, in other words Frankly speaking, to him, failure is a motive force to inspire him to go further. 8. 表总结 in a word, in brief, in short, to conclude/in conclusion, to summarize/in summary, on the whole, all in all In short, with this ability, no obstacles can overwhelm us and interfere with our long range goal. 9. 表强调 单词版 surely,certainly, naturally, indeed, clearly, actually, anyway, obviously, We have nothing against diversity; Indeed, we want more of it. 词组版 in fact, ,in point of fact, above all, most important, in particular/particularly, in this case, no doubt, of course,as a matter of fact I have no doubt that we are polluting the environment beyond redemption 10. 表比较 in comparison/to compare, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, It is interesting to compare their situation and ours. 11. 表时间 一会儿 after a while, afterwards, soon 然后next, （and） then, subsequently, lately, 同时simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, 直到until, till 最后finally, eventually, last 现在presently/now, 过去in the past, formerly, at that time, before 自从 since I've earned my own living since I was seven, doing all kinds of jobs. 一······就······ as soon as Go back as soon as possible to former routines or develop new ones. 迄今为止 so far So far I haven't heard of anybody who wants stop living on account of the cost. Part IV：完美写作 1. 短文改错（满分10分） Patience is of great important in our daily life. Once I waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Be impatient will probably waste all the effort what we have put in. Now whenever I am about to losing my patience, I’ll think of this experience. 2. 书面表达（满分25分） 假定你是“安妮文化”的宣传大使，要在你校英文报上简要介绍安妮（Anne）在二战期间的经历。 内容要点如下： 1．为躲避纳粹追捕，与家人一起避难； 2．日记成为唯一可倾诉的朋友； 3．向往自由和大自然。 注意： 1．词数100左右； 2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 第9讲 被动语态答案 ［随堂练习一］ a BADCD b 1. Were the birds fed by anybody? 2. The accident will never been forgotten. 3. The car is been repairing in the garage. 4. The meeting won’t be held until next Friday. 5. A medal was given to him for his wonderful work. 第 5 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 c 1. Was built 2. Was being built 3. Has been mended. 4. was set up 5. it is suggested 6. Has brought joy 7. Have taken place 8. He encouraged me 9. Make advertising widespread 10. Thirty cellphones were taken ［随堂练习二］ BCCBC ［随堂练习三］ CBDCD 翻译： The Great Wall was built with stones and bricks in ancient times so that the northern border of the country could be protected. 写作： 1. Trees are cut down and environment is polluted。 The number of tigers is being reduced because of the hurting activities. Some actions should be taken to save the tigers in danger. 2. Mobile phones are widely used to not only send short messages, but also play games even chat with friends. ［随堂练习四］ 一． 1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday. 2. I was told that he would come back soon. 3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages. 4. Are your flowers watered every day? 5. The big tree was blown down last night. 6. It is thought that he is right. 7. The bad food had not been thrown. 8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother. 9. He would not be taken to Beijing. 10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time. 二． 1. important→ importance waited 后加for past→ passed feet→ foot a→the other→ another do→ did Be→ Being what → that losing →lose 三． 1. Trained 2.hasn’t been found 3. left 4. Must be sent 5. Were cut 6. Are made , are made 7.putting 8.pushed hurrying 9.tasted 10.have been told 11.had been designed 12. Working 13.belong 14.to be checked 15.have taken place; have been set up 16. Was informed 17. Were allowed 18. Arrested 19. Or/ had been passed 20. Were welcomed 21. Was wounded 22. Was left 【短文改错】 76. extreme 改为extremely 77. that改为when 78. at之后加a 79. fall改为fell 80. 正确 81. important 改为importance 82. 去掉in 83. swim改为swimming 84. looks改为look 85. us改 $$