Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 重点词汇一轮讲练用记 导学案 -2027届高三英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了高考高频词汇，按听、说、读、写模块整合基础词义、拓展用法及真题实例，通过问题链和任务单引导学生自主梳理词性转换、固定搭配等考点，构建系统的词汇知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性自测与分层任务设计，如考点拓展填空题即时检测基础，易混辨析表格深化思维，培养语言能力与思维品质。每个单词配语境串记和错题归因表，助力学生个性化提升，教师可依学情精准指导，实现因材施教。

Listening and Speaking 1.create v. 创造;创作;设计; 创建; 引起,产生 And in just a few weeks, more than three hundred new songs were created using her AI voice.(2026• 全国I卷)短短几周内，就用她的AI声音创作了三百多首新歌曲。 【考点拓展】 creature n.生物; 动物；人 creation n. 创造;创作;创立[U];世界,宇宙,万物[U];创作品;(想像力的)产物;时装 creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n. 创造力，独创力 creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地 ①On the basis of that conversation, I applied to go back to university and study ______(create)writing.(2026• 全国II卷) 基于那次对话，我申请重返大学，攻读创意写作专业。 ②Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic ______(create). (2024• 全国甲卷)每个ARTS FIRST节都是哈佛社区艺术创造力的独特年度庆祝活动。 ③But cats are special______(create) who possess amazing vocalization skills.(2024• 全国甲卷)但猫是一种特殊的生物，它们拥有惊人的发声技能。 ④Reisley said he’s tried his best to be a good steward (管家) not just of the Wright______(create) he lives in, but all others as well. (2026• 全国II卷)赖斯利表示，他已尽最大努力，不仅要好好管理自己所居住的赖特家园，也要对其他所有事物都尽心尽力。 ⑤We invite you to submit videos that ______(create) showcase your perspective, lasting impact, or personal experiences related to Confucius.我们诚邀您提交能够富有创意地展现您对孔子视角、深远影响或个人经历的视频作品。 【熟词生义】 n. 创意 For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.对于西方设计师来说，中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。 【语境串记】 In my view, language is the most important mental creation between human and other creatures. As a creative one, Do you have any ideas?在我看来，语言是人类和其他生物之间最重要的精神创造。作为一个有创造力的人，你有什么想法吗？ 2.preserve vt. 保护；保持；保存；保藏 Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks.(2026• 全国I卷)除了与访客互动，人工智能在保护无价艺术作品方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。 n. 禁猎地；禁区 No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 在这个禁猎区内不许打猎。 Football is no longer the preserve of men. 足球不再是男人的专利了。 【考点拓展】 preserver n. 保护人；维护者；保存者 preservation n. 保护；维护；保存 preserve sth. from 使……免遭…… ①As we all know, the extremely arid desert climate is the best __________(preserve)of murals.(应用文之介绍) 我们都知道，极端干燥的沙漠气候是壁画的最好保存者。 ②Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve__________(preserve) strategies. (2026• 全国I卷)此外，通过预测未来的衰变模式，人工智能帮助博物馆采取预防措施并改进保护策略。 ③In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may __________________________.(应用文之建议信) 尽管我们不能拯救每一个濒临灭绝的物种，但我们可以使大多数免于灭绝。 ①preserver ②preservation ③preserve the majority from extinction 【句式升级】 Because they are well preserved in the nature reserve, pandas live a happy life. →____________________ , pandas live a happy life. (过去分词作状语)  【语境串记】 We need to preserve the nature in our area and the preservation needs all the local people’s participation.我们需要保护我们地区的自然，而保护需要所有当地人的参与。 【熟词生义】 n. 专属工作；独占的活动领域 With the menfolk away at war, women got their first crack at the male preserves of employment and sport.由于男人们都去了战场，女人们第一次在男性专属的职业和运动中一展身手。 3.promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬 Community Services: support communities by providing upcycled goods to those in need and help promote projects through social platforms to widen outreach. (2026• 北京卷)社区服务：通过向有需要的人提供再利用商品来支持社区，并借助社交平台推广项目，以扩大影响力。 In order to promote our excellent traditional culture, our school held a Chinese painting and calligraphy activity in the library last Sunday.(应用文之报道) 为了弘扬我们优秀的传统文化，我们学校上周日在图书馆举办了中国书画活动。 【考点拓展】 promotion n. 提升,晋级; (商品等的)促销,推销 promoter促进者，助长者;赞助商 promote sb. from sth. to sth. 把某人从某职位提升到某职位 be promoted to 被提升为 get/win/gain promotion 获得晋级提升 ①Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” _____________(promote) because of the criticism that they lead to waste.(2024• 浙江1月) 许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。 ②All the teachers approve that students who pass the test ____________ the next grade, as has been announced. 所有的老师都同意，通过考试的学生将升至高年级。 ③Tell the_____________(promote) we need more seats, we just sold out all the floor seats. 告诉赞助商我们需要更多的座位，我们刚刚卖完了所有的站票。 【句式升级】 ①汤姆提出了一个促销这种产品的好办法。 Tom came up with a good idea to promote the sales of the product. ②汤姆得到了晋升。 Tom got promoted. ③将①②合并为含原因状语从句的复合句 【熟词生义】 v.使（联赛队伍）升级 Woodford Green won the Second Division title and are promoted to the First Division. 伍德福德格林队赢得了乙级联赛的冠军，成功升甲。 【语境串记】 We launched a big advertising campaign to promote our new toothpaste, and the promotion succeeded at last.In return for our efforts，all the staff in our department were promoted.我们发起了一场大规模的广告活动来推销我们的新牙膏，促销活动终于成功了。作为对我们努力的回报，我们部门的所有员工都得到了提升。 4.apply v. 应用;实施 Now Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants.(2026• 浙江1月卷)如今，Pereira已与植物科学家Wolfgang Busch教授合作，将 SLEAP 技术应用于植物领域。。 【考点拓展】 apply oneself to 使致力(于),使专心从事 apply for 申请,请求 apply to适用于; 向...申请(或要求) application n. 适用，应用，运用; 申请，请求，申请表格; 勤勉，用功 applicant n. 申请人，求职人; 请求者 ①If we're covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life ________(apply). (2026• 浙江1月卷)例如，在讲解摩擦力时，我会将不同的轮胎带入课堂，以便学生能够使用这些轮胎进行实验，观察摩擦力在实际应用中的作用。 ②There has been a rise in the number of students_____________ food courses at UK universities and colleges. (2023•全国乙卷）申请英国大学和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。 ③On the basis of that conversation, I __________ go back to university and study creative writing.(2026• 全国II卷) 基于那次对话，我申请重返大学，攻读创意写作专业。 ④My brother told me he _________________________________ last evening.(读后续写之细节描写)我弟弟昨晚告诉我致力于学习法语。 ⑤Not standing a chance against competitive________(apply), I came out of the interview with an upset look.(2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 【句式升级】 If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you will soon finish it. _________________, you will soon finish it.(分词短语作状语) 【熟词生义】 v. 涂，敷 Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt, attach icing (糖霜) ears , apply icing eyes and nose. 我们在工厂里的工作很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的皮带上，加上糖霜的耳朵，涂上糖霜的眼睛和鼻子 【语境串记】 All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.所有申请这份工作的人必须在下星期一之前把申请表交上来。 5.part n. 一部分,部分；分册,分辑;节,段;集；部件,零件；角色 Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).(2025• 全国I卷)在全球范围内运输货物和人员占全球二氧化碳排放量的很大一部分。 That's a radio serial in ten parts.(应用文之剧评) 那是一部十集广播连续剧。 What part did you play?你演什么角色? 【考点拓展】 partner n.搭档，同伴 for one's part至于某人;对某人来说； for the most part主要地；大多数情况下； in part在某种程度上;部分地； play a part in在...中起作用;参与； take part in参加 ①Students record short entries after each _________(part) meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(2024• 北京卷) 学生们在每次同伴会议后记录下练习的语言技能和讨论的话题。 ②The volunteer work not only broadened my horizons but also made me proud of myself for _____________________________ the Games. 志愿者工作不仅开阔了我的视野，也让我为奥运会起到作用而感到自豪。 ③In the UK and US, senior high school students ____________various after-school activities. 在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动。 【易混辨析】take part in / join in/ join/ attend take part in take part in 表示“参加”某种工作、事业、以积极的活动在工作和事业中起一份作用。故参加群众的活动、运动、会议等不宜用join in ，而用take part in； join in join in 意思为“参加某项活动”，诸如游戏、唱歌、讨论等，有时可跟表示延续性的时间状语； join join 的基本意思是“加入”，是非延续性动词，后接党派、社会团体等名词； attend attend 意思为“出席、参加会议、讲演、上课、音乐会等”。 【熟词生义】 v. 分手，分别；放弃；卖掉 Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted. (2025• 全国I卷)显然，他对我们分手的方式不满意。 In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions．为了筹集资金，他不得不卖掉一些最珍贵的财产。 Reading and Thinking 1.balance n. 平衡; 天平; 平衡力; 均衡 It’s good, you know, as long as there’s a balance — there’s a bit of this, a bit of that.(2025• 全国I卷) 这很好，你知道，只要有一个平衡——有一点这个，有一点那个。 With time going by, I am fitting in well and trying to strike a balance between study and a social life, and I believe I will keep it up in the future. (应用文之发言稿) 随着时间的推移，我很适合在学习和社会生活之间取得平衡，我相信我会在未来保持下去。 v. （使）平衡; （使）均衡 You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.   (2024• 全国甲卷)  你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但似乎不是凭空而来的，一个适合角色的结局。 【考点拓展】 balanced adj.平衡的，协调的 a balanced diet 平衡膳食； keep one’s balance保持平衡，保持冷静； lose one’s balance失去平稳，慌乱； out of balance失去平衡。 on balance总而言之 ①Each subject got eight reviews to read: a _________(balance) set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order.(2026• 浙江1月卷) 每位受试者均需阅读八篇评论：包含一组均衡的样本——其中含两篇正面虚假评论、两篇正面真实评论、两篇负面虚假评论及两篇负面真实评论，所有评论均按随机顺序呈现。 ②If we forget about having fun then our life gets completely ___________________. (应用文之发言稿) 如果忘记了从生活中找到乐趣，那么，我们的生活将完全失去平衡。 ③Try to _____________________ between work and play. (应用文之建议信) 一定要在工作与娱乐方面达到平衡。 ④_____________, we had a good chance of winning the race. (应用文之日记) 总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。 2.lead v.引领，带路；通向，通往；（与……）相连，相通；领导，指挥；导致，造成；促使，使得；过（某种生活） Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants.(2026• 北京卷)气温升高会加剧气味，使雪变得更加难闻，并可能吸附更多污染物。 n. 指导，榜样；领先地位；导线 Our team was in the lead at half time.我们队在前半场领先。 【图表助记】 lead to 通往；导致 lead sb. to sp. 带某人去某地 lead/live a...life过……的生活 leading adj. 重要的，主要的; 前列的 leader n. 领袖,领导者,指挥者 ①Leading you ________(explore) the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics.(2025• 北京卷)引导您探索在计算机科学，机器人技术和物理等关键领域取得成功所需的技能。 ②At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead_______the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings.(2026• 北京卷) 与此同时，在一些亚马逊地区的信仰体系中，水质下降和难闻的气味会导致河流中的灵体消散。 ③So, I started using my experience to be a _______(lead)for my team. (2025• 天津卷)所以，我开始利用自己的经验来担任团队的领导者。 ④He is a star actor of Children’s Theatre, having played _______(lead) roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(2024• 浙江卷)他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷传奇》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角。 【句式升级】 ④The girl led the way, so we had no difficulty finding the house. →__________________________, we had no difficulty finding the house.(with复合结构)  【熟词生义】 n. 铅；铅笔芯 Lead pencils contain black lead.铅笔中间有黑色的铅笔芯。 3.propose v.提议，建议；提出（理论或解释）；提名，推荐 I proposed the plan to my family, and asked if they could rent me a small 10 acres (英亩).(2026• 浙江1月卷)我向家人提出了这个计划，并询问他们是否能帮我租一块占地10英亩的小地块。 I propose we visit Harbin from 20th to 27th in January, but I am flexible and open to your availability. (主题写作之旅游)我建议我们在1月20日至27日访问哈尔滨，但我可以灵活地接受您的安排。 【考点拓展】 proposal n.提议，建议 During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my __________(propose) was unclear. (2024• 北京) 在我的第二年，我的综合考试不及格，因为我的提案不清楚。 【熟词生义】 n.求婚 After a three-weekend courtship, Pamela accepted Randolph's proposal of marriage. 经过3个周末的追求之后，帕梅拉接受了伦道夫的求婚。 4.like v. 喜欢; （与 would 或 should 连用表示客气）想; 想要; 喜欢做 Well，I don’t like training early in the morning, so I start at 10:00.(2025• 浙江卷)我不喜欢一大早训练，所以我10点开始。 prep. 像; 如同 Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.(2025• 北京卷)通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。 adj. 相似的; 相同的 The brothers are very like.这几个兄弟很相像。 conj. 如同,好像 It was just like you said.情况正如你所说的那样。 【考点拓展】 likely adj. 很可能的；适当的,正合要求的adv. 很可能 be likely to很可能会…… unlikely adj. 未必的，不一定有把握的; 不太可能的; 不可能发生的 be unlikely to do 不可能…… unlike prep. 不像; 与…不同; 与…平时不同 ①Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve _____(like) also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. (2026• 北京卷)帮助陌生人能让你获得强烈的满足感，但当你已经力不从心时，你或许也体会过为他人付出所带来的压力。 ②If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they _______________________ the same.(2026• 全国II卷)如果你的孩子看到你享受工作并为出色完成的任务感到自豪，他们更有可能也会这样做。 ③Second, doing sports is good for our health, so we will ____________________. 其次，做运动对我们的健康有好处，所以我们不太可能生病。 ④_______(like) London, you don’t feel constant pressure here.(2026• 全国I卷)与伦敦不同，这里没有持续的压力感。 【易混辨析】likely/possible/probable 【图表助记】 选词填空likely、possible与probable 1. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is ______. 2. It’s ______, though not ______, that he will accept the terms. 3. She is ______ to win the prize in the coming English competition. 【一句多译】 年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在这个城市发生。 ①A great decline in young workforce________________________ in this city.(be likely to) ②________________________a great decline in young workforce will occur in this city.(It is likely that...) 5.turn n. 转动, 旋转, 转变方向, 轮流 But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters.(2026• 北京卷)但正如亚里士多德两千多年前所指出的，行动若被推向极端，便会演变成灾难。 v. (使)转动, 翻转, 扭转, (使)变质, 超过(年龄,数量等), 变(成) Turn left there to Madison Street and take BusNo.4.(2025• 全国II卷)在那里左转到麦迪逊街，然后乘4路公共汽车。 【图表助记】 ①Instantly, eyes __________ me with newfound interest and curiosity.(2025• 北京卷)立刻，他们的目光带着新发现的兴趣和好奇转向了我。 ②If you want to _________ a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.(2025• 北京卷)如果你想翻开新的一页，一个重要的建议是选择一个重要的日期，标志着新的“篇章”的开始。 ③These qualities,________, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这些特性又被映射到被赋予性别的产品上。 ④The students took on diverse topics and _________ stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (2025• 全国I卷)学生们选择了不同的主题，提交了10到20页的故事，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，触动了我的心灵。 ⑤If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day ________a great weekend escape.(2026• 全国I卷)如果您愿意多走一点路，洛杉矶丽思卡尔顿酒店将为您提供豪华客房和丰富的休闲设施，是将比赛日变成美好周末度假的理想之选。 ⑥After dropping off a very impressed Emma, I turned my car _______. (2026•浙江高考1月卷)送完印象非常深刻的艾玛后，我便把车掉头了。 ⑦This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has _________to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. (2024• 全国甲卷)这次培训教会了她正过来倒过来读写中文，这个技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。 ⑧When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he _______.(2024• 新课标I卷)当他在机场外停下出租车时，我付了他往返于机场和公交车站之间的“双程车费”，并给了他丰厚的小费，但他拒绝了。 【语境串记】 The boy wanted to turn on the TV so he turned to his father, but his request was turned down by his father. He turned in his homework on time the next day. His father’s decision turned out wise. 那个男孩想打开电视, 于是求助于他的父亲, 但他的请求被他的父亲拒绝了。第二天他准时交上了作业，他父亲的决定果然明智。 6.establish v. 建立;设立;使得到承认 Strict policies should be established to protect visitors’ information.(2026• 全国I卷)应制定严格的规定以保护访客信息。 【考点拓展】 establishment n. 建立;设立,创立 be established as 被确立为 ①The contents are expected to be about the effective protection against virus, the praise of the medical staff and the _______(establish) of people’s confidence.(应用文之发言稿)内容主要是关于有效的病毒防护，对医务人员的表扬和建立人们的信心。 ②In the early 1800s the traditions of parades, picnics, and fireworks___________________ the way to celebrate America’s birthday.在19世纪早期，游行、野餐和放烟火的传统被确立为庆祝美国生日的方式。 7.limit v. 限制，限定 The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.(2025• 全国I卷)这项新研究表明，煮沸自来水可能是限制摄入量的一种工具。 n. 限制; 限量，限度; 界限 The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded.(2026• 全国II卷)华盛顿特区地区有许多出色的中餐馆，但愿意前往市外用餐的食客同样也能获得丰厚回报。 【考点拓展】 within the limits of...在……的范围内 without limits无限(制)地 be limited to...受限制于…… limit...to...把……限定在……的范围内 limitless adj.无限制的 limitation n.限制;局限[U][C]；极限,限度 ①They had a very ________(limit) vocabulary.(2025• 全国I卷)他们的词汇量非常有限。 ②Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its ________(limit) is essential for its effective application.(2025• 天津卷) 科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于有效应用科学至关重要。 ③Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited _______ one aspect of morality: kindness.(2026• 北京卷)直到最近，科学证据仍仅局限于道德的某一方面：友善。 ④Keep practicing, and you’ll improve. Remember that your potential is________(limit). (应用文之发言稿)坚持练习，你会进步的。记住，你的潜力是无限的。 【一句多译】 在我看来，你最好对旅游费用设定个界限。 →①In my opinion, you had better ______________________.(limit v.) →②In my opinion, you had better______________________.(limit n.) 【语境串记】 The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.我们的自然资源是有限的。因此，我们没有理由无限制地浪费宝贵的资源。 8.prevent v. 阻挡, 防止 The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. (2025• 天津卷)呼吸室周围有嵌板，可以防止海豹在水面上游泳，但在水面下游泳200英尺左右，海豹就可以接触到一个喂食器，在那里它们可以随心所欲地吃鱼。 【考点拓展】 (1)prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth 阻止……做某事 protect...from... 保护……不受……的侵袭;挡住;防御 keep...doing sth 使……一直做某事 prevent...from doing sth意为“阻止……做……”,from后面常跟v-ing形式。当prevent用主动形式时,from可以省略,但如果prevent用了被动形式,from就不能省略 preventive adj.预防（性）的，防备的 ①It convinced me that we all should face the challenges and resist the wrong view that __________________________________________________________.(读后续写之细节描写) 它让我相信，我们都应该面对挑战，抵制阻止我们欣赏周围和内心美丽的错误观点。 ②Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take ________(prevent) measures and improve preservation strategies. (2026• 全国I卷)此外，通过预测未来的衰变模式，人工智能帮助博物馆采取预防措施并改进保护策略。 【一句多译】 父亲脱下外套当做雨伞给女儿挡雨。 ①The father took off his coat as an umbrella to___________________________________ the rain.(protect) ②The father took off his coat as an umbrella to_________________________________.(prevent) ③The father took off his coat as an umbrella, _________________________________.(in case) 9.lose v.遗失，丢失；失去；被剥夺，被损坏；失去（亲人或朋友等）；输掉（比赛、战斗、争论等）；降低，减少；亏（本）；使沉湎于(过去式lost；过去分词lost) If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it.(2026• 北京卷)如果我们不去看它，就会失去它背后所有的丰富内涵。 【考点拓展】 lose heart丧失勇气或信心 lose one’s heart to 爱上、喜欢上 lose sight of…不再看见… be lost in沉迷于,埋首 loss n.损失；遗失；丧失 be at a loss不知所措；亏本 ①Next time you see a young person _________, don’t rush to pull them back.(2025• 北京卷)下次你看到一个年轻人陷入沉思时，不要急于把他们拉回来。 ②I realized this wasn’t about ______(lose) at all, but about movement and trust.(2026• 北京卷)我意识到这根本不是关于失去，而是关于流动与信任。 ③In the vast expanse of her school, a girl with poor directional skills struggled to navigate and often got______(lose).(2024• 浙江卷)在广阔的校园里，一个方向感差的女孩很难导航，经常迷路。 ④Don’t ________ at any time. You will make great progress through hard work.(应用文之发言稿) 任何时候都不要灰心。通过努力，你会取得很大的进步。 【易混辨析】lose/miss lose语气较强，是指（永远的）没/丢了/不见了/失去了，一般指失去不易找回； missing有缺少了的意思，所以是指暂时性的没了，有可能（注意只是有可能）还能在找回来。 【熟词生义】 v. （钟表）慢 This clock loses two minutes a day. 这时钟每天慢两分钟。 【语境串记】 The lost boy couldn't find the way home, which left him at a complete loss.那个迷路的男孩找不到回家的路，这使他完全不知所措。 10.contribute v. 贡献出; 捐赠（款项）; 投稿（给杂志等）; 出力 Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(2025• 浙江卷)请听众提出他们的想法，或在向他人解释新概念和政策方面发挥作用。 【考点拓展】 contribute to 意为"为……作贡献；为……捐款；有助于……；向……投稿 contribution n.贡献；捐赠物；稿件 make a contribution to捐赠，作出贡献(表示“引起;导致;有助于”的单词或短语还有result in、bring about、lead to、cause等) contributor n. 捐款人；捐助者；投稿人 contributive adj. 贡献的，出资的，有助的 ①Customers today have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes（衣柜）or _______________landfill.(2025• 浙江卷)今天的顾客有独特的衣服可穿，不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满的，也不会给垃圾填埋场添乱。 ②Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who were awarded for their extraordinary ______(contribute) to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.(2025• 天津卷)邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。 ③Steve Jobs __________________________________of modern communication, entertainment and lifestyle. (应用文之人物介绍)史蒂夫·乔布斯为现代传播、娱乐和生活方式的转变做出了巨大贡献。 ④Exercise taken in open air is ______(contribute) to health .(应用文之健康类)在户外运动有助于健康。 ⑤Black carbon has newly emerged as the second biggest ______(contribute) to climate change. (应用文之环保类)最近，黑碳已成为导致气候变化的第二大因素。  【易混辨析】contribution，donation contribution指人们为支持某团体、某机构而提供的物品，如为某学校、剧团等所捐赠的钱、物、设备等； donation除了指为某团体、某机构而提供的物品外，还特指向穷苦人民、受灾群众捐赠的衣服、粮食或物品等。 【句式升级】 He made such a great contribution to theuniversity that the new library was named after him. →_______________________________that the new library was named after him.(倒装句)  【一句多译】 这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定。 ①This policy will lead to greater instability in the region.(lead) ②This policy will result in greater instability in the region.(result) ③This policy will contribute to greater instability in the region.(contribute) ④This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region.(rise) 【语境串记】 The volunteers contributed much time to the project.Dr.Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.志愿者们为这个项目贡献了很多时间。温博士是这个项目的主要贡献者，他做出了很大的贡献。 11.depart v.离开，出发；违反 【考点拓展】 depart from离开，从...出发；违反，背离 department n.系；部；司；局 departure n. 离开；（航班等）出发 ①“We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the_________(depart)completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung.(2026• 全国I卷)“我们不会砍伐任何大树橡树，”奥尤昂说，“而且该部门也不会完全停止种植新的树木。” ②There are no ________(depart) for the 18th. We have a flight leaving on the 15th and the 17th. (2026• 全国II卷)18日没有航班。我们有15日和17日的航班。 ③The tour_______________ Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷)每天下午1点开始，每小时整点从大坝广场出发。 【语境串记】 He had planned to depart on Friday，but the bad weather delayed his departure.他原计划星期五出发，但恶劣的天气推迟了他的出发时间。 12.fund n. 资金, 基金 However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.(2025• 北京卷)根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾。 v. 支助, 投资 The work is funded by the government.这项工程由政府提供基金。 【考点拓展】 a fund of大量的； in funds有资金可用 fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的 be fundamental to 对……是必要的 ①Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the _______(fund) ways people form connections with objects.(2025• 浙江1月卷)然而，正如马丁在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一。 ②I once asked him where he had amassed such ____________jokes.我有一次向他从哪儿搜集到这么多笑话。 13.investigate v. 调查, 研究 Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.(2025• 北京卷)约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。 【考点拓展】 investigator n.调查者，侦察员 investigation n.调查 under investigation正在调查中 conduct an investigation 进行调查 ①Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most. Dr. Yuan devotes himself to doing ________(investigate) on the rice output.(应用文之人物介绍)其中，我最欣赏袁隆平。袁博士致力于水稻产量的研究。 ②Experience suggests that ________(investigate) might never find the exact cause. 经验告诉我们,调查人员也许永远找不到致病的原因。 【语境串记】 The police carried out a thorough investigation. The investigators were going to investigate how this disaster took place in the town.警方进行了彻底的调查。调查人员打算调查这场灾难是如何在小镇上发生的。 14.conduct n. 行为, 操行 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his conduct.(读后续写之细节描写) 别人通过他的行为举止对他进行评判，这一点他很难理解。 v. 引导, 管理, 为人, 传导 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 conduction n. 传导 conductor n. 导体；售票员；领导者；管理人 ①But in fact, an electron in the _________(conduct) band can be in one of two states.但实际上，电子在这种传导带中存在两种形态。 ②This idea came from the award-winning composer and _________(conduct) Eric Whitacre.(应用文之征文) 这个想法来自获奖作曲家和指挥家埃里克·惠特克。 【熟词生义】 v. 指挥；举止，表现］ He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。 【一词多义】根据语境选出conduct的词性及含义 A.v. 引导　B.v.指挥　C.v. 传导(热或电等能量)D.v. 实施;执行　E.v. 表现;举止 1.I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(2024• 浙江1月) 　　　  2.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　　　  3.The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 　　　  4.Most metals can conduct electricity. 　　　  5.Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. 　　　  15.document n.文件，公文，文献 One of the documents leaked to the press was a memorandum written by the head of the security police.透露给报界的文件中有一份是秘密警察局长写的备忘录。 v.记录，记载 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.(2024• 新课标I卷) 为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录它们，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。 【考点拓展】 documentary n.纪实节目，纪录片adj.书面的，文件的，文献的 They’ve cut down on the number of news programs and the number of ______(document).(2025• 全国I卷)他们减少了新闻节目和纪录片的数量。 16.donate v.捐赠，赠送；捐献(器官) We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.(2025• 全国I卷) 我们决定了要带到市区新公寓的关键物品，捐赠了能捐赠的东西，并租了一个地方存放那些我们认为重要的物品。 【考点拓展】 donate sth. to 把某物捐献给…… donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 make/give/present a donation to向……捐赠 donator n. 捐赠者，赠送者 ①I have made a ________(donate) to help the survivors of the earthquake.我已经向那些在此次地震中的幸存者捐了款。 ②Medical science has proved that donating blood is good for the ________(donate)both physically and spiritually.医疗科学证实：献血有益于献血者的身心健康。 ③Deeply touched by his sons, Peter joined the line. He also ________________________ the old man.(读后续写之细节描写)被儿子们深深打动的彼得也加入了队伍。他还捐了一些钱给老人。 【一句多译】 他以他母亲的名义给这所教堂捐款。 ①He ____________________ in the name of his mother. (donation) ②He _____________________ in the name of his mother. (donate) 【语境串记】 Bill Gates has donated a large sum of money to society.And he is highly respected for his donation.比尔盖茨向社会捐赠了一大笔钱。他的捐赠受到了高度的尊重。 17.disappear v. 消失，不见；不再发生，不复存在。无被动形式。 She stood watching the car's tail-lights disappear down the drive. (读后续写之环境描写)她站在那儿，望着小汽车的尾灯消失在车道尽头。 disappearance n.消失，失踪；消亡，灭绝 appearance n. 外貌，外观; 出现，露面; [哲]现象。 apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的。 appear vi. 出现, 看来, 似乎, 公开露面, 出版, 发表 apparently adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上 ①Due to the _________(appear) of science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes and cars.(应用文之演讲) 由于科学技术的出现，我们可以在飞机和汽车的几分之一秒内旅行很长的距离。 ②He sat at a different table, _________(appear) without noticing her.  (读后续写之人物描写) 他在另一张桌边坐下，显然没有注意到她。 ③The girl’s sudden _________(appearance) was very worrying. 那女孩的突然失踪令人非常担忧。 【句式升级】 As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many of the earth's species are gradually disappearing. →__________________________________, many of the earth's species are graduallydisappearing.(with复合结构) 18.attempt n.努力，尝试 In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认).(2025• 北京卷) 为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。 vt. 试图;企图;试图(常接不定式)。 It tells the story of a group of scientists who encounter a mysterious alien force attempting to take control of Earth.(应用文之书评) 它讲述了一群科学家遇到试图控制地球的神秘外星力量的故事。 【考点拓展】 at one’s first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to力图, 试图 make an attempt to do打算; 试图 ①In ________ attempt to enrich the students’ school life, the Art Festival will be held in the school hall in the first week of September.(应用文之邀请信) 为了丰富学生们的校园生活，艺术节将于九月的第一周在学校大厅举行。 他试图通过考试，但是最后还是失败了。 ②Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it _____________________.(读后续写之人物描写) Shelly已经为她的生物考试认真地做了准备，这样她可以确信在她的第一次尝试中就能通过。 ③The young man, having made several attempts _______(beat) the world record in the high jump,decided to have another try.(应用文之报道) 这个年轻人在多次尝试打破跳高世界纪录后，决定再试一次。 【易混辨析】attempt/try attempt 的含义是去做自己希望会成功的事，常常包含冒险的意义。 try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口语中使用 try 比使用attempt 显得浅近通俗。但这两个词有着明显的差异。try 表示试一试，意即欲证明或检验某件事，这是attempt 所不能表达的。在表示致力于某事时，try 并不包含冒险的意思。 【一句多译】 他试图通过考试，但最后还是失败了。 →①He_______________________________, but he failed in the end.(attempt v．) →②He _______________________________ the exam, but he failed in the end.(attempt n．) 19.sure adj.确信的，有把握的；一定会（发生或出现某种结果）的 Somehow he wasn’t sure he had done the right thing. (2025• 浙江1月卷)不知怎的，他不确定自己做得对不对。 adv. 当然;没问题;好啊(=surely, certainly) Sure，here’s my card，thanks.(2025• 浙江1月卷)当然可以，这是我的名片，谢谢。 【考点拓展】 make sure 确定，确信 make sure of/about sth./doing sth. 查明，确保…… make sure that+宾从查明，确保…… be sure to do sth.表示主语肯定会做某事 be sure of/about sth.表示主语对做某事有把握 be sure that+宾从查明，确保…… be sure what(how, when…) 查明，弄清楚 for sure 确切地，肯定地 unsure adj.不确定的；不肯定的；没有自信的 ensure v.确保，保证；保护，使安全 surely adv.想必，谅必；无疑，肯定 ①________ to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. (2026• 全国I卷)请在到达前将停车券下载到您的智能手机上。 ②Your insights into Canadian sports will ________(sure) enrich our readers’ understanding of global sports culture, which will be of benefit to us. (2025• 全国II卷)您对加拿大体育的见解一定会丰富我们读者对全球体育文化的理解，这对我们是有益的。 ③The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile,________(sure) how to respond further. (2025• 全国II卷)这个尴尬的时刻以全班哄堂大笑结束。我强颜欢笑，不知道该如何回应。 ④While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ________(sure) that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development.(2025• 北京卷)虽然抚养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为一个社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持培养情感和身份发展的学校。 ⑤Walkers are sure _________(learn) lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. (2024• 新课标II卷)步行者一定会学到很多关于黑楼梯的栖息地和自然世界的知识。 ⑥No one knows ________ sure what happened to Bill.没有人确切知道比尔出了什么事。 ⑦Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of _______(get) a seat！早点到电影院，确保有座位！ ⑧I'm not sure _________I can pass the exam. 我没有把握我是否能通过这次考试。 【易混辨析】sure, certain 表示“既成事实”用certain ，只表示强烈的“愿望或信念”用certain sure 不能替代“It is certain that …”句型中的certain 20.worth adj. 值得的; 有…的价值; 等值的; 有…的财产 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.(2025• 浙江1月卷)建立有效的沟通技巧需要时间，但效果是值得的。 n. 财富，财产; 价值 Ivy finally realized: Jealousy doesn’t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own worth. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇终于明白了：嫉妒并非源于他人的成功——而是源于我们忘记了自身的价值。 【考点拓展】 worth后接V-ing的主动形式，表示被动意义，不能接动词不定式 worthy adj. 值得尊敬的, 值得赞赏的 be worthy of sth. 　　　　　　值得 be worthy of being done(= be worthy to be done) 值得做某事 worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 worthless 无价值的, 无用的 be worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事 ① We need the ability to work out which messes are worth _______(avoid) — because however impressively fast you move, some things can’t be easily unbroken.(2026• 北京卷)我们需要有能力判断哪些混乱是值得避免的——因为无论你进展得多么迅速，有些事情都难以轻易改变。 ②Sometimes we feel like we are _________(worth) because we did something wrong or the situation is not good.有时我们会因为自己做了错事或是处境糟糕就觉得自己毫无价值。 【易混辨析】worth/worthy/worthwhile worth是一个只能作表语的形容词,意为"值……的"、"相当于……的价值的"、"值得……的"、"有……的价值的"。由于它类似介词,须后接名词或主动语态的动名词(有被动的含义)作宾语。 worthy可以作表语和定语。用作定语时,意思是"有价值的"、"值得尊敬的"、"应受到赏识的";用作表语时,意思是"值得……"、"应得到……的",其后常接of sth., 也可接不定式和of being done 。 worthwhile像worthy那样,既可以作表语,也可以作定语。它表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、钱财或努力去做好,一般作"值得的"、"值得做的"、"有意义的"解。用作表语时,可以后接动名词或动词不定式。 【一句多译】 他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。 ①His suggestion put forward at the conference ______________.(worth) ②His suggestion put forward at the conference _______________________.(worthy) ③It _______________________his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile) 【语境串记】 This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn't worthwhile.这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。所以我觉得你所有的努力都不值得。 Discovering Useful Structures 1.profession n. 职业，专业; 同行 Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.（2023•全国乙卷） 巴里于1859年退休，作为一个男人生活和工作，她的整个医疗行业都在实践。 【考点拓展】 professional adj. 专业的; 专业性的; 职业的;n. 专业人士 professional adv.专业地；内行地 professor n. 教授; （大学的）讲师，教员 professionalism n.专业水准，专业素质 profess vt. 声称; 宣称; 公开表明 ①If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, ___________(professional) presented manuscript.(2024• 新课标I卷) 如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。 ②This platform is not only reserved for _________(profession) cooks，but also for those willing to discover new experiences.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留。 ③Alvaro Luna, a _________(profession) of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative. (2026• 全国II卷)电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统具有创新性。 ④It is the wide range of knowledge, ___________(professional) and dedication that mould a highly qualified tour guide. (应用文之职业发言稿) 广博的知识、专业的精神和奉献精神造就了一名高素质的导游。 ⑤The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of _________(profession) that we have never had before — or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. (2026• 北京卷)21世纪催生了一系列前所未有的新型职业，或者至少是经过重新包装的新兴职业。 【易混辨析】profession/job profession以前常指要受过高等教育(尤指法律、医学和神学)才能获得的职业，现在一般指为谋生日的职业，尤指从事脑力劳动和受过专门训练，具有某种专业知识的职业； job通常指一切有收入，不分脑力与体力运动，不论是否有技艺的长期或临时的职业。 【语境串记】 He who is talking with some professors is a professional journalist and he has taken up the profession for about ten years.正在和一些教授谈话的那个人是一名职业记者，他从事这一职业已经有十年了。 2.process n.(为达到目标的)过程，进程 Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process.(2026• 浙江1月卷)在 SLEAP 之前，追踪动植物的生理特征需要耗费大量人力，这会延缓科学进程。 vt.加工(食品等)；用电脑处理(资料)；显影或冲印(相机、胶卷)；列队行进 All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way.(2026• 全国I卷)随后，所有参与者都被测试了他们处理信息的方式，以及是以更实际还是更抽象的方式来处理的。 【考点拓展】 be in process在进行中 be in the process of doing sth在做某事的过程中 processor n.处理器；加工者 【图表助记】 Listening and Talking 1.forgive v.原谅，宽恕 Grandma knelt down smiling, gave him a hug and forgave him.(读后续写之动作描写)奶奶微笑着蹲下，给了他一个拥抱，原谅了他。 【考点拓展】 forgive sb. for (doing) sth.　原谅某人(做)某事 forgive and forget 既往不咎，不计前嫌 forgiveness n. [U]原谅 forgiving adj. 宽容的, 容许失误的 unforgiving adj.不原谅人的；不宽恕人的 ①With life in the_________(forgiving) Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (2024• 北京卷)在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻，因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。 ②I’ll never forgive you ______what you said to me last night.(读后续写之对话描写)我永远也不会原谅你昨晚对我说的话。 ③ The man offered up a short prayer for _________ (forgive) in the church.那人在教堂里作了简短的祈祷，请求宽恕。 ④Voters can be remarkably _________(forgive) of presidents who fail to keep their campaign promises.对于未能兑现竞选承诺的总统，选民们可能会非常宽容。 ⑤It is also a virtue______________. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and try to be considerate to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. (应用文之建议信)原谅和忘记也是一种美德。我们不应该互相指责，而应该多沟通，尽量体谅，冷静、明智地处理冲突。 【易混辨析】forgive/excuse/pardon forgive 强调原谅且丝毫不怀有怨恨，强调内心的宽恕。 excuse 指原谅较轻微的过错、失礼等，不涉及处理或惩罚。 pardon 强调“赦免”，在普通用法中也有“免予惩罚或追究”之意。 【熟词生义】 v.（免除)债务 After a long discussion, the government has finally agreed to forgive a large part of the debt of the factory.经过长时间的讨论，政府终于同意免除那个厂子的大部分债务。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.digit n. 数字; 手指，脚趾 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit.(2026• 全国I卷)大集市，或称大型露天集市，通常在农历的特定日期举行，例如最后一位数字为五或七的日期。 【考点拓展】 digital adj. 数码的; 数字显示的; 脚趾的 SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded _______(digit) parking pass. (2026• 全国I卷)索菲体育场要求您必须严格停放在指定区域内，访客需通过其彩色数字停车券上标明的准确入口进入。 2.qualified adj. 合格的，.胜任的 With proficiency in English, a solid foundation in programming and strong communication skills, I’m convinced that I am well qualified. (应用文之申请信) 英语熟练，编程基础扎实，沟通能力强，我相信我能胜任。 【考点拓展】 be qualified for ...对......胜任 qualify vt.& vi. （使）具有资格; 有权; 达标 qualify as/for取得资格;具备合格条件 quality n. 质量，品质; 美质，优点; 才能，能力 of high quality具有很高质量 qualification n. 资格证书,执照 disqualification n.取消资格；剥夺资格 ①I believe my major and experience will __________(qualified) me for the job.(应用文之申请信) 我相信我的专业和经验能使我胜任这份工作。 ②At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water __________(qualify) and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings.(2026• 北京卷) 与此同时，在一些亚马逊地区的信仰体系中，水质下降和难闻的气味会导致河流中的灵体消散。 ③As for the __________(qualify), we are looking for students who are fluent in English, enthusiastic about helping others and willing to commit time to the club activities. 至于资格，我们寻找的是英语流利，热心帮助他人，愿意投入时间参加俱乐部活动的学生。 ④I’m confident that____________________ because I am outgoing, and skilled at organizing different kinds of activities. 我相信我有资格胜任这份工作，因为我性格开朗，善于组织各种活动。 【句式升级】 This man was not qualified to drive and was caught speeding，so he was fined and then put into prison. →_______________________________ and caught speeding，this man was fined and then put into prison.(分词作原因状语) 【语境串记】 This training course qualifies you and your previous teacher experience is a necessary qualification, so you are qualified for the job.这个培训课程使你合格，你以前的教师经验是必要的，所以你能胜任这份工作。 【熟词生义】 v. 陈述；具体说明 I want to qualify what I said earlier─I didn't mean he couldn't do the job, only that he would need supervision.我想具体说明一下我原先的话——我没有说他不能担任这工作，只是说他需要指导。 3.tradition n. 传统;传统思想; 惯例,常规；传说 Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.(2024• 北京卷)不诚实和暴力行为是不被认可的；领导、婚姻和与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散支配。 【考点拓展】 traditional adj. 传统的;惯例的;因袭的 traditionally adv. 传统地；传统上；传说上 ①Furthermore, AI-powered virtual guides are replacing _________(tradition) tour guides.(2026• 全国I卷)此外，由人工智能驱动的虚拟导游正在取代传统的导游。 ②You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is_________(traditional) slower. (2024• 新课标II卷)你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的不同一面，并在旅游业传统上较慢的时候促进经济发展。 4.history n. 历史, 历史学, 过去的事(的记载), 来历, 历史记录 That the concept has a history is easily ignored.(2026• 全国II卷)这个概念有历史这一事实很容易被忽视。 【考点拓展】 historical adj. 历史(上)的, 有关历史的 historically adv.关于历史事件，从历史观点上说 historic adj.历史性的，有历史意义的 historian n. 历史学家，史学工作者 ①This adaptability ensures that complex______(history) concepts become accessible and engaging for young minds.(2026• 全国I卷)这种适应性使复杂的历史概念变得易于理解且引人入胜，适合年轻一代。 ②We spent most of the morning on Swanston Street studying the ______(history) architecture. (2026• 全国II卷)我们一大早就在斯旺斯顿街花了时间研究历史建筑。 ③The ______(history) Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists”.(2023•北京卷)历史学家Francis Cole认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在”的时期。 ④Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it ________(historical) have only become more urgent.(2026• 全国II卷)自2011年8月我开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升问题以及将其置于历史背景中考察的必要性变得愈发紧迫。 【语境串记】 If you don’t know the historical background of the historic flight，you can turn to the historian for help.如果你不知道这次历史性飞行的历史背景，你可以向历史学家求助。 5.compare v. 比较，对照；比喻为，比作 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 compare…with把……与……相比 compare…to把……比作/比喻为…… compared with/to… 与……相比（在句中常作状语） comparison n. 比较; 比喻; 对照 comparable adj. 可比较的; 比得上的 ①Ivy recognized a(n) unsettled feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she ___________________ Mia. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇在米娅受到掌声时察觉到了一种不安的情绪，而当她与米娅相比较时，心中又涌起一阵痛楚。 ②But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social_______(compare) is unhealthy. (2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候澄清事实了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都不健康的观点。 ③_______________________，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(2025• 浙江1月卷)与传统的园地相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性。 ④It can be imagined that _______________(compare) to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(2024• 北京)可以想象，与建立以前的科学模型的过程相比，开发“计算机模拟”基于隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。 ⑤In most countries , children are often _______________. (应用文之发言稿)在大部分国家，孩子常常被比作花朵。 【一句多译】 和我们的小公寓相比,比尔的房子就像是一座宫殿。 ①_____________________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(compare)  ②____________________ our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(comparison)  【语境串记】 Don’t compare your disadvantages with his advantages .Compared with him, you are more easy-going. By comparison,I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.不要把你的缺点和他的优点比较。和他相比，你要随和得多。相比之下，我认为会有更多的人愿意和你交朋友。 6.contrast n.差别；明显差异 Sometimes the contrasts between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. (应用文之发言稿)有时候，现实和梦想之间的反差是如此之大，以至于产生了失望。 v. 对比；对照，（靠近或作比较时）显出明显的差异，形成对比 This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.(读后续写之细节描写)雪白的山峰同蔚蓝的天空交相辉映。 【考点拓展】 contrast with 与……形成对照 by contrast对比起来，与之相比 in contrast with/ to和……形成对比（相反），对比起来。 ①Your actions ____________________________your principles.(应用文之建议信) 你的行为与你的处世原则相差甚远。 ②___________, individual travel, whose rate of 2024 doubles that of 2020, is favored by people because of great freedom.(应用文之旅游类)相比之下，个人旅行，因为巨大的自由而受到人们的青睐，其2024年的速度是2020年的两倍。 ③_______________________ these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money. (应用文之发言稿)与这些挥金如土的人相比, 还有一些青少年证明, 年龄并不是充分利用金钱的障碍。 【易混辨析】contrast, compare contrast 常用于不同种类的事物。 compare 用于比较类似的事物。 7.identify v. 确认；识别；认出 AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能可以帮助识别微小的损坏迹象，例如裂缝或变色，这些通常肉眼难以察觉。 【考点拓展】 identify oneself with打成一片，参加到……中去 identify...as...确认……是…… identify with 认为……等同于 identity n. 身份；一致 identical adj.完全相同的；同一的 identification n.辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural ________(identify), cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②Wherever you are , never ________(identity) opinions with facts.无论你在哪里，都永远不要把意见混同于事实。 ③She identified the man _______ her attacker.她认出那个男人就是那个袭击过她的人。 ④However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain ________(identify)words.(2024• 新课标I卷)然而，为了最大限度地提高学习效果，教育工作者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词。 ⑤To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the _________(identify) of their uploaded image.(2024• 新课标I卷)为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Listening and Speaking 1.create v. 创造;创作;设计; 创建; 引起,产生 And in just a few weeks, more than three hundred new songs were created using her AI voice.(2026• 全国I卷)短短几周内，就用她的AI声音创作了三百多首新歌曲。 【考点拓展】 creature n.生物; 动物；人 creation n. 创造;创作;创立[U];世界,宇宙,万物[U];创作品;(想像力的)产物;时装 creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity n. 创造力，独创力 creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地 ①On the basis of that conversation, I applied to go back to university and study ______(create)writing.(2026• 全国II卷) 基于那次对话，我申请重返大学，攻读创意写作专业。 ②Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic ______(create). (2024• 全国甲卷)每个ARTS FIRST节都是哈佛社区艺术创造力的独特年度庆祝活动。 ③But cats are special______(create) who possess amazing vocalization skills.(2024• 全国甲卷)但猫是一种特殊的生物，它们拥有惊人的发声技能。 ④Reisley said he’s tried his best to be a good steward (管家) not just of the Wright______(create) he lives in, but all others as well. (2026• 全国II卷)赖斯利表示，他已尽最大努力，不仅要好好管理自己所居住的赖特家园，也要对其他所有事物都尽心尽力。 ⑤We invite you to submit videos that ______(create) showcase your perspective, lasting impact, or personal experiences related to Confucius.我们诚邀您提交能够富有创意地展现您对孔子视角、深远影响或个人经历的视频作品。 ①creative②creativity③creatures④creation⑤creatively 【熟词生义】 n. 创意 For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.对于西方设计师来说，中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。 【语境串记】 In my view, language is the most important mental creation between human and other creatures. As a creative one, Do you have any ideas?在我看来，语言是人类和其他生物之间最重要的精神创造。作为一个有创造力的人，你有什么想法吗？ 2.preserve vt. 保护；保持；保存；保藏 Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks.(2026• 全国I卷)除了与访客互动，人工智能在保护无价艺术作品方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。 n. 禁猎地；禁区 No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 在这个禁猎区内不许打猎。 Football is no longer the preserve of men. 足球不再是男人的专利了。 【考点拓展】 preserver n. 保护人；维护者；保存者 preservation n. 保护；维护；保存 preserve sth. from 使……免遭…… ①As we all know, the extremely arid desert climate is the best __________(preserve)of murals.(应用文之介绍) 我们都知道，极端干燥的沙漠气候是壁画的最好保存者。 ②Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve__________(preserve) strategies. (2026• 全国I卷)此外，通过预测未来的衰变模式，人工智能帮助博物馆采取预防措施并改进保护策略。 ③In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may __________________________.(应用文之建议信) 尽管我们不能拯救每一个濒临灭绝的物种，但我们可以使大多数免于灭绝。 ①preserver ②preservation ③preserve the majority from extinction 【句式升级】 Because they are well preserved in the nature reserve, pandas live a happy life. →____________________ , pandas live a happy life. (过去分词作状语)  Well preserved in the nature reserve 【语境串记】 We need to preserve the nature in our area and the preservation needs all the local people’s participation.我们需要保护我们地区的自然，而保护需要所有当地人的参与。 【熟词生义】 n. 专属工作；独占的活动领域 With the menfolk away at war, women got their first crack at the male preserves of employment and sport.由于男人们都去了战场，女人们第一次在男性专属的职业和运动中一展身手。 3.promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬 Community Services: support communities by providing upcycled goods to those in need and help promote projects through social platforms to widen outreach. (2026• 北京卷)社区服务：通过向有需要的人提供再利用商品来支持社区，并借助社交平台推广项目，以扩大影响力。 In order to promote our excellent traditional culture, our school held a Chinese painting and calligraphy activity in the library last Sunday.(应用文之报道) 为了弘扬我们优秀的传统文化，我们学校上周日在图书馆举办了中国书画活动。 【考点拓展】 promotion n. 提升,晋级; (商品等的)促销,推销 promoter促进者，助长者;赞助商 promote sb. from sth. to sth. 把某人从某职位提升到某职位 be promoted to 被提升为 get/win/gain promotion 获得晋级提升 ①Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” _____________(promote) because of the criticism that they lead to waste.(2024• 浙江1月) 许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。 ②All the teachers approve that students who pass the test ____________ the next grade, as has been announced. 所有的老师都同意，通过考试的学生将升至高年级。 ③Tell the_____________(promote) we need more seats, we just sold out all the floor seats. 告诉赞助商我们需要更多的座位，我们刚刚卖完了所有的站票。 ①promotions② will be promoted to ③promoter 【句式升级】 ①汤姆提出了一个促销这种产品的好办法。 Tom came up with a good idea to promote the sales of the product. ②汤姆得到了晋升。 Tom got promoted. ③将①②合并为含原因状语从句的复合句 Tom got promoted because he came up with a good idea to promote the sales of the product. 【熟词生义】 v.使（联赛队伍）升级 Woodford Green won the Second Division title and are promoted to the First Division. 伍德福德格林队赢得了乙级联赛的冠军，成功升甲。 【语境串记】 We launched a big advertising campaign to promote our new toothpaste, and the promotion succeeded at last.In return for our efforts，all the staff in our department were promoted.我们发起了一场大规模的广告活动来推销我们的新牙膏，促销活动终于成功了。作为对我们努力的回报，我们部门的所有员工都得到了提升。 4.apply v. 应用;实施 Now Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants.(2026• 浙江1月卷)如今，Pereira已与植物科学家Wolfgang Busch教授合作，将 SLEAP 技术应用于植物领域。。 【考点拓展】 apply oneself to 使致力(于),使专心从事 apply for 申请,请求 apply to适用于; 向...申请(或要求) application n. 适用，应用，运用; 申请，请求，申请表格; 勤勉，用功 applicant n. 申请人，求职人; 请求者 ①If we're covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life ________(apply). (2026• 浙江1月卷)例如，在讲解摩擦力时，我会将不同的轮胎带入课堂，以便学生能够使用这些轮胎进行实验，观察摩擦力在实际应用中的作用。 ②There has been a rise in the number of students_____________ food courses at UK universities and colleges. (2023•全国乙卷）申请英国大学和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。 ③On the basis of that conversation, I __________ go back to university and study creative writing.(2026• 全国II卷) 基于那次对话，我申请重返大学，攻读创意写作专业。 ④My brother told me he _________________________________ last evening.(读后续写之细节描写)我弟弟昨晚告诉我致力于学习法语。 ⑤Not standing a chance against competitive________(apply), I came out of the interview with an upset look.(2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 ①applications②applying for ③applied to④applied himself to learning French ⑤applicants 【句式升级】 If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you will soon finish it. _________________, you will soon finish it.(分词短语作状语) Applying yourself to the job in hand 【熟词生义】 v. 涂，敷 Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt, attach icing (糖霜) ears , apply icing eyes and nose. 我们在工厂里的工作很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的皮带上，加上糖霜的耳朵，涂上糖霜的眼睛和鼻子 【语境串记】 All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.所有申请这份工作的人必须在下星期一之前把申请表交上来。 5.part n. 一部分,部分；分册,分辑;节,段;集；部件,零件；角色 Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).(2025• 全国I卷)在全球范围内运输货物和人员占全球二氧化碳排放量的很大一部分。 That's a radio serial in ten parts.(应用文之剧评) 那是一部十集广播连续剧。 What part did you play?你演什么角色? 【考点拓展】 partner n.搭档，同伴 for one's part至于某人;对某人来说； for the most part主要地；大多数情况下； in part在某种程度上;部分地； play a part in在...中起作用;参与； take part in参加 ①Students record short entries after each _________(part) meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(2024• 北京卷) 学生们在每次同伴会议后记录下练习的语言技能和讨论的话题。 ②The volunteer work not only broadened my horizons but also made me proud of myself for _____________________________ the Games. 志愿者工作不仅开阔了我的视野，也让我为奥运会起到作用而感到自豪。 ③In the UK and US, senior high school students ____________various after-school activities. 在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动。 ①partner②playing a part in③take part in 【易混辨析】take part in / join in/ join/ attend take part in take part in 表示“参加”某种工作、事业、以积极的活动在工作和事业中起一份作用。故参加群众的活动、运动、会议等不宜用join in ，而用take part in； join in join in 意思为“参加某项活动”，诸如游戏、唱歌、讨论等，有时可跟表示延续性的时间状语； join join 的基本意思是“加入”，是非延续性动词，后接党派、社会团体等名词； attend attend 意思为“出席、参加会议、讲演、上课、音乐会等”。 【熟词生义】 v. 分手，分别；放弃；卖掉 Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted. (2025• 全国I卷)显然，他对我们分手的方式不满意。 In order to raise money，he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions．为了筹集资金，他不得不卖掉一些最珍贵的财产。 Reading and Thinking 1.balance n. 平衡; 天平; 平衡力; 均衡 It’s good, you know, as long as there’s a balance — there’s a bit of this, a bit of that.(2025• 全国I卷) 这很好，你知道，只要有一个平衡——有一点这个，有一点那个。 With time going by, I am fitting in well and trying to strike a balance between study and a social life, and I believe I will keep it up in the future. (应用文之发言稿) 随着时间的推移，我很适合在学习和社会生活之间取得平衡，我相信我会在未来保持下去。 v. （使）平衡; （使）均衡 You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.   (2024• 全国甲卷)  你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但似乎不是凭空而来的，一个适合角色的结局。 【考点拓展】 balanced adj.平衡的，协调的 a balanced diet 平衡膳食； keep one’s balance保持平衡，保持冷静； lose one’s balance失去平稳，慌乱； out of balance失去平衡。 on balance总而言之 ①Each subject got eight reviews to read: a _________(balance) set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order.(2026• 浙江1月卷) 每位受试者均需阅读八篇评论：包含一组均衡的样本——其中含两篇正面虚假评论、两篇正面真实评论、两篇负面虚假评论及两篇负面真实评论，所有评论均按随机顺序呈现。 ②If we forget about having fun then our life gets completely ___________________. (应用文之发言稿) 如果忘记了从生活中找到乐趣，那么，我们的生活将完全失去平衡。 ③Try to _____________________ between work and play. (应用文之建议信) 一定要在工作与娱乐方面达到平衡。 ④_____________, we had a good chance of winning the race. (应用文之日记) 总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。 ①balanced②out of balance③keep a balance④On balance 2.lead v.引领，带路；通向，通往；（与……）相连，相通；领导，指挥；导致，造成；促使，使得；过（某种生活） Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants.(2026• 北京卷)气温升高会加剧气味，使雪变得更加难闻，并可能吸附更多污染物。 n. 指导，榜样；领先地位；导线 Our team was in the lead at half time.我们队在前半场领先。 【图表助记】 lead to 通往；导致 lead sb. to sp. 带某人去某地 lead/live a...life过……的生活 leading adj. 重要的，主要的; 前列的 leader n. 领袖,领导者,指挥者 ①Leading you ________(explore) the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics.(2025• 北京卷)引导您探索在计算机科学，机器人技术和物理等关键领域取得成功所需的技能。 ②At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead_______the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings.(2026• 北京卷) 与此同时，在一些亚马逊地区的信仰体系中，水质下降和难闻的气味会导致河流中的灵体消散。 ③So, I started using my experience to be a _______(lead)for my team. (2025• 天津卷)所以，我开始利用自己的经验来担任团队的领导者。 ④He is a star actor of Children’s Theatre, having played _______(lead) roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(2024• 浙江卷)他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷传奇》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角。 ①to explore②to③leader④leading 【句式升级】 ④The girl led the way, so we had no difficulty finding the house. →__________________________, we had no difficulty finding the house.(with复合结构)  With the girl leading the way 【熟词生义】 n. 铅；铅笔芯 Lead pencils contain black lead.铅笔中间有黑色的铅笔芯。 3.propose v.提议，建议；提出（理论或解释）；提名，推荐 I proposed the plan to my family, and asked if they could rent me a small 10 acres (英亩).(2026• 浙江1月卷)我向家人提出了这个计划，并询问他们是否能帮我租一块占地10英亩的小地块。 I propose we visit Harbin from 20th to 27th in January, but I am flexible and open to your availability. (主题写作之旅游)我建议我们在1月20日至27日访问哈尔滨，但我可以灵活地接受您的安排。 【考点拓展】 proposal n.提议，建议 During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my __________(propose) was unclear. (2024• 北京) 在我的第二年，我的综合考试不及格，因为我的提案不清楚。 proposal 【熟词生义】 n.求婚 After a three-weekend courtship, Pamela accepted Randolph's proposal of marriage. 经过3个周末的追求之后，帕梅拉接受了伦道夫的求婚。 4.like v. 喜欢; （与 would 或 should 连用表示客气）想; 想要; 喜欢做 Well，I don’t like training early in the morning, so I start at 10:00.(2025• 浙江卷)我不喜欢一大早训练，所以我10点开始。 prep. 像; 如同 Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.(2025• 北京卷)通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。 adj. 相似的; 相同的 The brothers are very like.这几个兄弟很相像。 conj. 如同,好像 It was just like you said.情况正如你所说的那样。 【考点拓展】 likely adj. 很可能的；适当的,正合要求的adv. 很可能 be likely to很可能会…… unlikely adj. 未必的，不一定有把握的; 不太可能的; 不可能发生的 be unlikely to do 不可能…… unlike prep. 不像; 与…不同; 与…平时不同 ①Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve _____(like) also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. (2026• 北京卷)帮助陌生人能让你获得强烈的满足感，但当你已经力不从心时，你或许也体会过为他人付出所带来的压力。 ②If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they _______________________ the same.(2026• 全国II卷)如果你的孩子看到你享受工作并为出色完成的任务感到自豪，他们更有可能也会这样做。 ③Second, doing sports is good for our health, so we will ____________________. 其次，做运动对我们的健康有好处，所以我们不太可能生病。 ④_______(like) London, you don’t feel constant pressure here.(2026• 全国I卷)与伦敦不同，这里没有持续的压力感。 ①likely②are far more likely to do③be unlikely to fall ill④Unlike 【易混辨析】likely/possible/probable 【图表助记】 选词填空likely、possible与probable 1. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is ______. 2. It’s ______, though not ______, that he will accept the terms. 3. She is ______ to win the prize in the coming English competition. 1.possible 2.possible, probable 3. likely 【一句多译】 年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在这个城市发生。 ①A great decline in young workforce________________________ in this city.(be likely to) ②________________________a great decline in young workforce will occur in this city.(It is likely that...) ① is likely to occur ② It is likely that 5.turn n. 转动, 旋转, 转变方向, 轮流 But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters.(2026• 北京卷)但正如亚里士多德两千多年前所指出的，行动若被推向极端，便会演变成灾难。 v. (使)转动, 翻转, 扭转, (使)变质, 超过(年龄,数量等), 变(成) Turn left there to Madison Street and take BusNo.4.(2025• 全国II卷)在那里左转到麦迪逊街，然后乘4路公共汽车。 【图表助记】 ①Instantly, eyes __________ me with newfound interest and curiosity.(2025• 北京卷)立刻，他们的目光带着新发现的兴趣和好奇转向了我。 ②If you want to _________ a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.(2025• 北京卷)如果你想翻开新的一页，一个重要的建议是选择一个重要的日期，标志着新的“篇章”的开始。 ③These qualities,________, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这些特性又被映射到被赋予性别的产品上。 ④The students took on diverse topics and _________ stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (2025• 全国I卷)学生们选择了不同的主题，提交了10到20页的故事，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，触动了我的心灵。 ⑤If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day ________a great weekend escape.(2026• 全国I卷)如果您愿意多走一点路，洛杉矶丽思卡尔顿酒店将为您提供豪华客房和丰富的休闲设施，是将比赛日变成美好周末度假的理想之选。 ⑥After dropping off a very impressed Emma, I turned my car _______. (2026•浙江高考1月卷)送完印象非常深刻的艾玛后，我便把车掉头了。 ⑦This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has _________to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. (2024• 全国甲卷)这次培训教会了她正过来倒过来读写中文，这个技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。 ⑧When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he _______.(2024• 新课标I卷)当他在机场外停下出租车时，我付了他往返于机场和公交车站之间的“双程车费”，并给了他丰厚的小费，但他拒绝了。 ①turned to②turn over③in turn④turned in⑤ into⑥around⑦turned out ⑧turned down 【语境串记】 The boy wanted to turn on the TV so he turned to his father, but his request was turned down by his father. He turned in his homework on time the next day. His father’s decision turned out wise. 那个男孩想打开电视, 于是求助于他的父亲, 但他的请求被他的父亲拒绝了。第二天他准时交上了作业，他父亲的决定果然明智。 6.establish v. 建立;设立;使得到承认 Strict policies should be established to protect visitors’ information.(2026• 全国I卷)应制定严格的规定以保护访客信息。 【考点拓展】 establishment n. 建立;设立,创立 be established as 被确立为 ①The contents are expected to be about the effective protection against virus, the praise of the medical staff and the _______(establish) of people’s confidence.(应用文之发言稿)内容主要是关于有效的病毒防护，对医务人员的表扬和建立人们的信心。 ②In the early 1800s the traditions of parades, picnics, and fireworks___________________ the way to celebrate America’s birthday.在19世纪早期，游行、野餐和放烟火的传统被确立为庆祝美国生日的方式。 ① establishment②were established as 7.limit v. 限制，限定 The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.(2025• 全国I卷)这项新研究表明，煮沸自来水可能是限制摄入量的一种工具。 n. 限制; 限量，限度; 界限 The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded.(2026• 全国II卷)华盛顿特区地区有许多出色的中餐馆，但愿意前往市外用餐的食客同样也能获得丰厚回报。 【考点拓展】 within the limits of...在……的范围内 without limits无限(制)地 be limited to...受限制于…… limit...to...把……限定在……的范围内 limitless adj.无限制的 limitation n.限制;局限[U][C]；极限,限度 ①They had a very ________(limit) vocabulary.(2025• 全国I卷)他们的词汇量非常有限。 ②Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its ________(limit) is essential for its effective application.(2025• 天津卷) 科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于有效应用科学至关重要。 ③Until recently, scientific evidence had been limited _______ one aspect of morality: kindness.(2026• 北京卷)直到最近，科学证据仍仅局限于道德的某一方面：友善。 ④Keep practicing, and you’ll improve. Remember that your potential is________(limit). (应用文之发言稿)坚持练习，你会进步的。记住，你的潜力是无限的。 ①limited②limitations③to④limitless. 【一句多译】 在我看来，你最好对旅游费用设定个界限。 →①In my opinion, you had better ______________________.(limit v.) →②In my opinion, you had better______________________.(limit n.) ①limit the expense of your trip② set a limit to the expense of your trip 【语境串记】 The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.我们的自然资源是有限的。因此，我们没有理由无限制地浪费宝贵的资源。 8.prevent v. 阻挡, 防止 The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. (2025• 天津卷)呼吸室周围有嵌板，可以防止海豹在水面上游泳，但在水面下游泳200英尺左右，海豹就可以接触到一个喂食器，在那里它们可以随心所欲地吃鱼。 【考点拓展】 (1)prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth 阻止……做某事 protect...from... 保护……不受……的侵袭;挡住;防御 keep...doing sth 使……一直做某事 prevent...from doing sth意为“阻止……做……”,from后面常跟v-ing形式。当prevent用主动形式时,from可以省略,但如果prevent用了被动形式,from就不能省略 preventive adj.预防（性）的，防备的 ①It convinced me that we all should face the challenges and resist the wrong view that __________________________________________________________.(读后续写之细节描写) 它让我相信，我们都应该面对挑战，抵制阻止我们欣赏周围和内心美丽的错误观点。 ②Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take ________(prevent) measures and improve preservation strategies. (2026• 全国I卷)此外，通过预测未来的衰变模式，人工智能帮助博物馆采取预防措施并改进保护策略。 ①prevented us from appreciating the beauty around and within②preventive 【一句多译】 父亲脱下外套当做雨伞给女儿挡雨。 ①The father took off his coat as an umbrella to___________________________________ the rain.(protect) ②The father took off his coat as an umbrella to_________________________________.(prevent) ③The father took off his coat as an umbrella, _________________________________.(in case) ①protect his daughter from ②prevent his daughter from being rained ③in case his daughter got rained 9.lose v.遗失，丢失；失去；被剥夺，被损坏；失去（亲人或朋友等）；输掉（比赛、战斗、争论等）；降低，减少；亏（本）；使沉湎于(过去式lost；过去分词lost) If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it.(2026• 北京卷)如果我们不去看它，就会失去它背后所有的丰富内涵。 【考点拓展】 lose heart丧失勇气或信心 lose one’s heart to 爱上、喜欢上 lose sight of…不再看见… be lost in沉迷于,埋首 loss n.损失；遗失；丧失 be at a loss不知所措；亏本 ①Next time you see a young person _________, don’t rush to pull them back.(2025• 北京卷)下次你看到一个年轻人陷入沉思时，不要急于把他们拉回来。 ②I realized this wasn’t about ______(lose) at all, but about movement and trust.(2026• 北京卷)我意识到这根本不是关于失去，而是关于流动与信任。 ③In the vast expanse of her school, a girl with poor directional skills struggled to navigate and often got______(lose).(2024• 浙江卷)在广阔的校园里，一个方向感差的女孩很难导航，经常迷路。 ④Don’t ________ at any time. You will make great progress through hard work.(应用文之发言稿) 任何时候都不要灰心。通过努力，你会取得很大的进步。 ①lost in thought②loss③lost④lose heart 【易混辨析】lose/miss lose语气较强，是指（永远的）没/丢了/不见了/失去了，一般指失去不易找回； missing有缺少了的意思，所以是指暂时性的没了，有可能（注意只是有可能）还能在找回来。 【熟词生义】 v. （钟表）慢 This clock loses two minutes a day. 这时钟每天慢两分钟。 【语境串记】 The lost boy couldn't find the way home, which left him at a complete loss.那个迷路的男孩找不到回家的路，这使他完全不知所措。 10.contribute v. 贡献出; 捐赠（款项）; 投稿（给杂志等）; 出力 Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(2025• 浙江卷)请听众提出他们的想法，或在向他人解释新概念和政策方面发挥作用。 【考点拓展】 contribute to 意为"为……作贡献；为……捐款；有助于……；向……投稿 contribution n.贡献；捐赠物；稿件 make a contribution to捐赠，作出贡献(表示“引起;导致;有助于”的单词或短语还有result in、bring about、lead to、cause等) contributor n. 捐款人；捐助者；投稿人 contributive adj. 贡献的，出资的，有助的 ①Customers today have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes（衣柜）or _______________landfill.(2025• 浙江卷)今天的顾客有独特的衣服可穿，不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满的，也不会给垃圾填埋场添乱。 ②Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who were awarded for their extraordinary ______(contribute) to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.(2025• 天津卷)邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。 ③Steve Jobs __________________________________of modern communication, entertainment and lifestyle. (应用文之人物介绍)史蒂夫·乔布斯为现代传播、娱乐和生活方式的转变做出了巨大贡献。 ④Exercise taken in open air is ______(contribute) to health .(应用文之健康类)在户外运动有助于健康。 ⑤Black carbon has newly emerged as the second biggest ______(contribute) to climate change. (应用文之环保类)最近，黑碳已成为导致气候变化的第二大因素。  ①contributing to ②contributions③made a great contribution to the transformation④contributive⑤contributor 【易混辨析】contribution，donation contribution指人们为支持某团体、某机构而提供的物品，如为某学校、剧团等所捐赠的钱、物、设备等； donation除了指为某团体、某机构而提供的物品外，还特指向穷苦人民、受灾群众捐赠的衣服、粮食或物品等。 【句式升级】 He made such a great contribution to theuniversity that the new library was named after him. →_______________________________that the new library was named after him.(倒装句)  Such a great contribution did he make to the university 【一句多译】 这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定。 ①This policy will lead to greater instability in the region.(lead) ②This policy will result in greater instability in the region.(result) ③This policy will contribute to greater instability in the region.(contribute) ④This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region.(rise) 【语境串记】 The volunteers contributed much time to the project.Dr.Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.志愿者们为这个项目贡献了很多时间。温博士是这个项目的主要贡献者，他做出了很大的贡献。 11.depart v.离开，出发；违反 【考点拓展】 depart from离开，从...出发；违反，背离 department n.系；部；司；局 departure n. 离开；（航班等）出发 ①“We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the_________(depart)completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung.(2026• 全国I卷)“我们不会砍伐任何大树橡树，”奥尤昂说，“而且该部门也不会完全停止种植新的树木。” ②There are no ________(depart) for the 18th. We have a flight leaving on the 15th and the 17th. (2026• 全国II卷)18日没有航班。我们有15日和17日的航班。 ③The tour_______________ Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷)每天下午1点开始，每小时整点从大坝广场出发。 ①department②departures③ departs from 【语境串记】 He had planned to depart on Friday，but the bad weather delayed his departure.他原计划星期五出发，但恶劣的天气推迟了他的出发时间。 12.fund n. 资金, 基金 However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year.(2025• 北京卷)根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾。 v. 支助, 投资 The work is funded by the government.这项工程由政府提供基金。 【考点拓展】 a fund of大量的； in funds有资金可用 fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的 be fundamental to 对……是必要的 ①Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the _______(fund) ways people form connections with objects.(2025• 浙江1月卷)然而，正如马丁在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一。 ②I once asked him where he had amassed such ____________jokes.我有一次向他从哪儿搜集到这么多笑话。 ①fundamental②a fund of 13.investigate v. 调查, 研究 Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.(2025• 北京卷)约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。 【考点拓展】 investigator n.调查者，侦察员 investigation n.调查 under investigation正在调查中 conduct an investigation 进行调查 ①Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most. Dr. Yuan devotes himself to doing ________(investigate) on the rice output.(应用文之人物介绍)其中，我最欣赏袁隆平。袁博士致力于水稻产量的研究。 ②Experience suggests that ________(investigate) might never find the exact cause. 经验告诉我们,调查人员也许永远找不到致病的原因。 ①investigation②investigator 【语境串记】 The police carried out a thorough investigation. The investigators were going to investigate how this disaster took place in the town.警方进行了彻底的调查。调查人员打算调查这场灾难是如何在小镇上发生的。 14.conduct n. 行为, 操行 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his conduct.(读后续写之细节描写) 别人通过他的行为举止对他进行评判，这一点他很难理解。 v. 引导, 管理, 为人, 传导 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 conduction n. 传导 conductor n. 导体；售票员；领导者；管理人 ①But in fact, an electron in the _________(conduct) band can be in one of two states.但实际上，电子在这种传导带中存在两种形态。 ②This idea came from the award-winning composer and _________(conduct) Eric Whitacre.(应用文之征文) 这个想法来自获奖作曲家和指挥家埃里克·惠特克。 ①conduction②conductor 【熟词生义】 v. 指挥；举止，表现］ He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。 【一词多义】根据语境选出conduct的词性及含义 A.v. 引导　B.v.指挥　C.v. 传导(热或电等能量)D.v. 实施;执行　E.v. 表现;举止 1.I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(2024• 浙江1月) 　　　  2.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　　　  3.The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 　　　  4.Most metals can conduct electricity. 　　　  5.Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. 　　　  1.D　2.E　3.A　4.C　5.B 15.document n.文件，公文，文献 One of the documents leaked to the press was a memorandum written by the head of the security police.透露给报界的文件中有一份是秘密警察局长写的备忘录。 v.记录，记载 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.(2024• 新课标I卷) 为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录它们，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。 【考点拓展】 documentary n.纪实节目，纪录片adj.书面的，文件的，文献的 They’ve cut down on the number of news programs and the number of ______(document).(2025• 全国I卷)他们减少了新闻节目和纪录片的数量。 documentaries 16.donate v.捐赠，赠送；捐献(器官) We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.(2025• 全国I卷) 我们决定了要带到市区新公寓的关键物品，捐赠了能捐赠的东西，并租了一个地方存放那些我们认为重要的物品。 【考点拓展】 donate sth. to 把某物捐献给…… donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 make/give/present a donation to向……捐赠 donator n. 捐赠者，赠送者 ①I have made a ________(donate) to help the survivors of the earthquake.我已经向那些在此次地震中的幸存者捐了款。 ②Medical science has proved that donating blood is good for the ________(donate)both physically and spiritually.医疗科学证实：献血有益于献血者的身心健康。 ③Deeply touched by his sons, Peter joined the line. He also ________________________ the old man.(读后续写之细节描写)被儿子们深深打动的彼得也加入了队伍。他还捐了一些钱给老人。 ①donation②donator ③donated some money to 【一句多译】 他以他母亲的名义给这所教堂捐款。 ①He ____________________ in the name of his mother. (donation) ②He _____________________ in the name of his mother. (donate) ①made a donation to this church②donated to this church 【语境串记】 Bill Gates has donated a large sum of money to society.And he is highly respected for his donation.比尔盖茨向社会捐赠了一大笔钱。他的捐赠受到了高度的尊重。 17.disappear v. 消失，不见；不再发生，不复存在。无被动形式。 She stood watching the car's tail-lights disappear down the drive. (读后续写之环境描写)她站在那儿，望着小汽车的尾灯消失在车道尽头。 disappearance n.消失，失踪；消亡，灭绝 appearance n. 外貌，外观; 出现，露面; [哲]现象。 apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的。 appear vi. 出现, 看来, 似乎, 公开露面, 出版, 发表 apparently adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上 ①Due to the _________(appear) of science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes and cars.(应用文之演讲) 由于科学技术的出现，我们可以在飞机和汽车的几分之一秒内旅行很长的距离。 ②He sat at a different table, _________(appear) without noticing her.  (读后续写之人物描写) 他在另一张桌边坐下，显然没有注意到她。 ③The girl’s sudden _________(appearance) was very worrying. 那女孩的突然失踪令人非常担忧。 ①appearance②apparently③disappearance 【句式升级】 As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many of the earth's species are gradually disappearing. →__________________________________, many of the earth's species are graduallydisappearing.(with复合结构) With the living environment becoming worse and worse 18.attempt n.努力，尝试 In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认).(2025• 北京卷) 为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。 vt. 试图;企图;试图(常接不定式)。 It tells the story of a group of scientists who encounter a mysterious alien force attempting to take control of Earth.(应用文之书评) 它讲述了一群科学家遇到试图控制地球的神秘外星力量的故事。 【考点拓展】 at one’s first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to力图, 试图 make an attempt to do打算; 试图 ①In ________ attempt to enrich the students’ school life, the Art Festival will be held in the school hall in the first week of September.(应用文之邀请信) 为了丰富学生们的校园生活，艺术节将于九月的第一周在学校大厅举行。 他试图通过考试，但是最后还是失败了。 ②Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it _____________________.(读后续写之人物描写) Shelly已经为她的生物考试认真地做了准备，这样她可以确信在她的第一次尝试中就能通过。 ③The young man, having made several attempts _______(beat) the world record in the high jump,decided to have another try.(应用文之报道) 这个年轻人在多次尝试打破跳高世界纪录后，决定再试一次。 ①an②at her first attempt③to beat 【易混辨析】attempt/try attempt 的含义是去做自己希望会成功的事，常常包含冒险的意义。 try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口语中使用 try 比使用attempt 显得浅近通俗。但这两个词有着明显的差异。try 表示试一试，意即欲证明或检验某件事，这是attempt 所不能表达的。在表示致力于某事时，try 并不包含冒险的意思。 【一句多译】 他试图通过考试，但最后还是失败了。 →①He_______________________________, but he failed in the end.(attempt v．) →②He _______________________________ the exam, but he failed in the end.(attempt n．) ① attempted to pass the exam②made an attempt at passing 19.sure adj.确信的，有把握的；一定会（发生或出现某种结果）的 Somehow he wasn’t sure he had done the right thing. (2025• 浙江1月卷)不知怎的，他不确定自己做得对不对。 adv. 当然;没问题;好啊(=surely, certainly) Sure，here’s my card，thanks.(2025• 浙江1月卷)当然可以，这是我的名片，谢谢。 【考点拓展】 make sure 确定，确信 make sure of/about sth./doing sth. 查明，确保…… make sure that+宾从查明，确保…… be sure to do sth.表示主语肯定会做某事 be sure of/about sth.表示主语对做某事有把握 be sure that+宾从查明，确保…… be sure what(how, when…) 查明，弄清楚 for sure 确切地，肯定地 unsure adj.不确定的；不肯定的；没有自信的 ensure v.确保，保证；保护，使安全 surely adv.想必，谅必；无疑，肯定 ①________ to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. (2026• 全国I卷)请在到达前将停车券下载到您的智能手机上。 ②Your insights into Canadian sports will ________(sure) enrich our readers’ understanding of global sports culture, which will be of benefit to us. (2025• 全国II卷)您对加拿大体育的见解一定会丰富我们读者对全球体育文化的理解，这对我们是有益的。 ③The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile,________(sure) how to respond further. (2025• 全国II卷)这个尴尬的时刻以全班哄堂大笑结束。我强颜欢笑，不知道该如何回应。 ④While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ________(sure) that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development.(2025• 北京卷)虽然抚养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为一个社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持培养情感和身份发展的学校。 ⑤Walkers are sure _________(learn) lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. (2024• 新课标II卷)步行者一定会学到很多关于黑楼梯的栖息地和自然世界的知识。 ⑥No one knows ________ sure what happened to Bill.没有人确切知道比尔出了什么事。 ⑦Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of _______(get) a seat！早点到电影院，确保有座位！ ⑧I'm not sure _________I can pass the exam. 我没有把握我是否能通过这次考试。 ①Make sure②surely③unsure④ensure⑤to learn⑥for⑦getting⑧whether/if 【易混辨析】sure, certain 表示“既成事实”用certain ，只表示强烈的“愿望或信念”用certain sure 不能替代“It is certain that …”句型中的certain 20.worth adj. 值得的; 有…的价值; 等值的; 有…的财产 Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.(2025• 浙江1月卷)建立有效的沟通技巧需要时间，但效果是值得的。 n. 财富，财产; 价值 Ivy finally realized: Jealousy doesn’t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own worth. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇终于明白了：嫉妒并非源于他人的成功——而是源于我们忘记了自身的价值。 【考点拓展】 worth后接V-ing的主动形式，表示被动意义，不能接动词不定式 worthy adj. 值得尊敬的, 值得赞赏的 be worthy of sth. 　　　　　　值得 be worthy of being done(= be worthy to be done) 值得做某事 worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 worthless 无价值的, 无用的 be worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事 ① We need the ability to work out which messes are worth _______(avoid) — because however impressively fast you move, some things can’t be easily unbroken.(2026• 北京卷)我们需要有能力判断哪些混乱是值得避免的——因为无论你进展得多么迅速，有些事情都难以轻易改变。 ②Sometimes we feel like we are _________(worth) because we did something wrong or the situation is not good.有时我们会因为自己做了错事或是处境糟糕就觉得自己毫无价值。 ①avoiding②worthless 【易混辨析】worth/worthy/worthwhile worth是一个只能作表语的形容词,意为"值……的"、"相当于……的价值的"、"值得……的"、"有……的价值的"。由于它类似介词,须后接名词或主动语态的动名词(有被动的含义)作宾语。 worthy可以作表语和定语。用作定语时,意思是"有价值的"、"值得尊敬的"、"应受到赏识的";用作表语时,意思是"值得……"、"应得到……的",其后常接of sth., 也可接不定式和of being done 。 worthwhile像worthy那样,既可以作表语,也可以作定语。它表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、钱财或努力去做好,一般作"值得的"、"值得做的"、"有意义的"解。用作表语时,可以后接动名词或动词不定式。 【一句多译】 他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。 ①His suggestion put forward at the conference ______________.(worth) ②His suggestion put forward at the conference _______________________.(worthy) ③It _______________________his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile) ①is worth considering②is worthy of being considered/to be considered③is worthwhile to consider/considering 【语境串记】 This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn't worthwhile.这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。所以我觉得你所有的努力都不值得。 Discovering Useful Structures 1.profession n. 职业，专业; 同行 Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.（2023•全国乙卷） 巴里于1859年退休，作为一个男人生活和工作，她的整个医疗行业都在实践。 【考点拓展】 professional adj. 专业的; 专业性的; 职业的;n. 专业人士 professional adv.专业地；内行地 professor n. 教授; （大学的）讲师，教员 professionalism n.专业水准，专业素质 profess vt. 声称; 宣称; 公开表明 ①If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, ___________(professional) presented manuscript.(2024• 新课标I卷) 如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。 ②This platform is not only reserved for _________(profession) cooks，but also for those willing to discover new experiences.(2025• 浙江1月卷)这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留。 ③Alvaro Luna, a _________(profession) of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative. (2026• 全国II卷)电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统具有创新性。 ④It is the wide range of knowledge, ___________(professional) and dedication that mould a highly qualified tour guide. (应用文之职业发言稿) 广博的知识、专业的精神和奉献精神造就了一名高素质的导游。 ⑤The 21st century has created a whole range of new types of _________(profession) that we have never had before — or if not quite new, at least newly repackaged. (2026• 北京卷)21世纪催生了一系列前所未有的新型职业，或者至少是经过重新包装的新兴职业。 ①professionally②professional ③professor④professionalism⑤professionals 【易混辨析】profession/job profession以前常指要受过高等教育(尤指法律、医学和神学)才能获得的职业，现在一般指为谋生日的职业，尤指从事脑力劳动和受过专门训练，具有某种专业知识的职业； job通常指一切有收入，不分脑力与体力运动，不论是否有技艺的长期或临时的职业。 【语境串记】 He who is talking with some professors is a professional journalist and he has taken up the profession for about ten years.正在和一些教授谈话的那个人是一名职业记者，他从事这一职业已经有十年了。 2.process n.(为达到目标的)过程，进程 Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process.(2026• 浙江1月卷)在 SLEAP 之前，追踪动植物的生理特征需要耗费大量人力，这会延缓科学进程。 vt.加工(食品等)；用电脑处理(资料)；显影或冲印(相机、胶卷)；列队行进 All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way.(2026• 全国I卷)随后，所有参与者都被测试了他们处理信息的方式，以及是以更实际还是更抽象的方式来处理的。 【考点拓展】 be in process在进行中 be in the process of doing sth在做某事的过程中 processor n.处理器；加工者 【图表助记】 Listening and Talking 1.forgive v.原谅，宽恕 Grandma knelt down smiling, gave him a hug and forgave him.(读后续写之动作描写)奶奶微笑着蹲下，给了他一个拥抱，原谅了他。 【考点拓展】 forgive sb. for (doing) sth.　原谅某人(做)某事 forgive and forget 既往不咎，不计前嫌 forgiveness n. [U]原谅 forgiving adj. 宽容的, 容许失误的 unforgiving adj.不原谅人的；不宽恕人的 ①With life in the_________(forgiving) Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (2024• 北京卷)在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻，因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。 ②I’ll never forgive you ______what you said to me last night.(读后续写之对话描写)我永远也不会原谅你昨晚对我说的话。 ③ The man offered up a short prayer for _________ (forgive) in the church.那人在教堂里作了简短的祈祷，请求宽恕。 ④Voters can be remarkably _________(forgive) of presidents who fail to keep their campaign promises.对于未能兑现竞选承诺的总统，选民们可能会非常宽容。 ⑤It is also a virtue______________. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and try to be considerate to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. (应用文之建议信)原谅和忘记也是一种美德。我们不应该互相指责，而应该多沟通，尽量体谅，冷静、明智地处理冲突。 ① unforgiving②for③forgiveness④ forgiving⑤ to forgive and forget 【易混辨析】forgive/excuse/pardon forgive 强调原谅且丝毫不怀有怨恨，强调内心的宽恕。 excuse 指原谅较轻微的过错、失礼等，不涉及处理或惩罚。 pardon 强调“赦免”，在普通用法中也有“免予惩罚或追究”之意。 【熟词生义】 v.（免除)债务 After a long discussion, the government has finally agreed to forgive a large part of the debt of the factory.经过长时间的讨论，政府终于同意免除那个厂子的大部分债务。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.digit n. 数字; 手指，脚趾 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit.(2026• 全国I卷)大集市，或称大型露天集市，通常在农历的特定日期举行，例如最后一位数字为五或七的日期。 【考点拓展】 digital adj. 数码的; 数字显示的; 脚趾的 SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded _______(digit) parking pass. (2026• 全国I卷)索菲体育场要求您必须严格停放在指定区域内，访客需通过其彩色数字停车券上标明的准确入口进入。 digital 2.qualified adj. 合格的，.胜任的 With proficiency in English, a solid foundation in programming and strong communication skills, I’m convinced that I am well qualified. (应用文之申请信) 英语熟练，编程基础扎实，沟通能力强，我相信我能胜任。 【考点拓展】 be qualified for ...对......胜任 qualify vt.& vi. （使）具有资格; 有权; 达标 qualify as/for取得资格;具备合格条件 quality n. 质量，品质; 美质，优点; 才能，能力 of high quality具有很高质量 qualification n. 资格证书,执照 disqualification n.取消资格；剥夺资格 ①I believe my major and experience will __________(qualified) me for the job.(应用文之申请信) 我相信我的专业和经验能使我胜任这份工作。 ②At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water __________(qualify) and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings.(2026• 北京卷) 与此同时，在一些亚马逊地区的信仰体系中，水质下降和难闻的气味会导致河流中的灵体消散。 ③As for the __________(qualify), we are looking for students who are fluent in English, enthusiastic about helping others and willing to commit time to the club activities. 至于资格，我们寻找的是英语流利，热心帮助他人，愿意投入时间参加俱乐部活动的学生。 ④I’m confident that____________________ because I am outgoing, and skilled at organizing different kinds of activities. 我相信我有资格胜任这份工作，因为我性格开朗，善于组织各种活动。 ①qualify②quality③qualification④I am qualified for this job 【句式升级】 This man was not qualified to drive and was caught speeding，so he was fined and then put into prison. →_______________________________ and caught speeding，this man was fined and then put into prison.(分词作原因状语) Not being qualified to drive 【语境串记】 This training course qualifies you and your previous teacher experience is a necessary qualification, so you are qualified for the job.这个培训课程使你合格，你以前的教师经验是必要的，所以你能胜任这份工作。 【熟词生义】 v. 陈述；具体说明 I want to qualify what I said earlier─I didn't mean he couldn't do the job, only that he would need supervision.我想具体说明一下我原先的话——我没有说他不能担任这工作，只是说他需要指导。 3.tradition n. 传统;传统思想; 惯例,常规；传说 Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.(2024• 北京卷)不诚实和暴力行为是不被认可的；领导、婚姻和与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散支配。 【考点拓展】 traditional adj. 传统的;惯例的;因袭的 traditionally adv. 传统地；传统上；传说上 ①Furthermore, AI-powered virtual guides are replacing _________(tradition) tour guides.(2026• 全国I卷)此外，由人工智能驱动的虚拟导游正在取代传统的导游。 ②You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is_________(traditional) slower. (2024• 新课标II卷)你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的不同一面，并在旅游业传统上较慢的时候促进经济发展。 ①traditional ② traditionally 4.history n. 历史, 历史学, 过去的事(的记载), 来历, 历史记录 That the concept has a history is easily ignored.(2026• 全国II卷)这个概念有历史这一事实很容易被忽视。 【考点拓展】 historical adj. 历史(上)的, 有关历史的 historically adv.关于历史事件，从历史观点上说 historic adj.历史性的，有历史意义的 historian n. 历史学家，史学工作者 ①This adaptability ensures that complex______(history) concepts become accessible and engaging for young minds.(2026• 全国I卷)这种适应性使复杂的历史概念变得易于理解且引人入胜，适合年轻一代。 ②We spent most of the morning on Swanston Street studying the ______(history) architecture. (2026• 全国II卷)我们一大早就在斯旺斯顿街花了时间研究历史建筑。 ③The ______(history) Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists”.(2023•北京卷)历史学家Francis Cole认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在”的时期。 ④Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it ________(historical) have only become more urgent.(2026• 全国II卷)自2011年8月我开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升问题以及将其置于历史背景中考察的必要性变得愈发紧迫。 ①historical②historic ③historian④historically 【语境串记】 If you don’t know the historical background of the historic flight，you can turn to the historian for help.如果你不知道这次历史性飞行的历史背景，你可以向历史学家求助。 5.compare v. 比较，对照；比喻为，比作 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 compare…with把……与……相比 compare…to把……比作/比喻为…… compared with/to… 与……相比（在句中常作状语） comparison n. 比较; 比喻; 对照 comparable adj. 可比较的; 比得上的 ①Ivy recognized a(n) unsettled feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she ___________________ Mia. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇在米娅受到掌声时察觉到了一种不安的情绪，而当她与米娅相比较时，心中又涌起一阵痛楚。 ②But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social_______(compare) is unhealthy. (2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候澄清事实了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都不健康的观点。 ③_______________________，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(2025• 浙江1月卷)与传统的园地相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性。 ④It can be imagined that _______________(compare) to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(2024• 北京)可以想象，与建立以前的科学模型的过程相比，开发“计算机模拟”基于隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。 ⑤In most countries , children are often _______________. (应用文之发言稿)在大部分国家，孩子常常被比作花朵。 ①compared herself with ② comparison③Compared to traditional garden plots④comparable⑤compared to flowers 【一句多译】 和我们的小公寓相比,比尔的房子就像是一座宫殿。 ①_____________________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(compare)  ②____________________ our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(comparison)  ①Compared with/to②In/By comparison with 【语境串记】 Don’t compare your disadvantages with his advantages .Compared with him, you are more easy-going. By comparison,I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.不要把你的缺点和他的优点比较。和他相比，你要随和得多。相比之下，我认为会有更多的人愿意和你交朋友。 6.contrast n.差别；明显差异 Sometimes the contrasts between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. (应用文之发言稿)有时候，现实和梦想之间的反差是如此之大，以至于产生了失望。 v. 对比；对照，（靠近或作比较时）显出明显的差异，形成对比 This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.(读后续写之细节描写)雪白的山峰同蔚蓝的天空交相辉映。 【考点拓展】 contrast with 与……形成对照 by contrast对比起来，与之相比 in contrast with/ to和……形成对比（相反），对比起来。 ①Your actions ____________________________your principles.(应用文之建议信) 你的行为与你的处世原则相差甚远。 ②___________, individual travel, whose rate of 2024 doubles that of 2020, is favored by people because of great freedom.(应用文之旅游类)相比之下，个人旅行，因为巨大的自由而受到人们的青睐，其2024年的速度是2020年的两倍。 ③_______________________ these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money. (应用文之发言稿)与这些挥金如土的人相比, 还有一些青少年证明, 年龄并不是充分利用金钱的障碍。 ①contrast unfavourably with ②By contrast③In contrast to 【易混辨析】contrast, compare contrast 常用于不同种类的事物。 compare 用于比较类似的事物。 7.identify v. 确认；识别；认出 AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能可以帮助识别微小的损坏迹象，例如裂缝或变色，这些通常肉眼难以察觉。 【考点拓展】 identify oneself with打成一片，参加到……中去 identify...as...确认……是…… identify with 认为……等同于 identity n. 身份；一致 identical adj.完全相同的；同一的 identification n.辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural ________(identify), cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②Wherever you are , never ________(identity) opinions with facts.无论你在哪里，都永远不要把意见混同于事实。 ③She identified the man _______ her attacker.她认出那个男人就是那个袭击过她的人。 ④However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain ________(identify)words.(2024• 新课标I卷)然而，为了最大限度地提高学习效果，教育工作者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词。 ⑤To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the _________(identify) of their uploaded image.(2024• 新课标I卷)为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。 ①identity②identify③as④identical ⑤identification 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $