第4讲 动词不定式 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

动词不定式专练 一、考点、热点回顾 1. 概念的介绍： 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词 2. 三种形式： 非谓语动词分为三种形式非谓语动词分为：不定式、动名词、分词（过去分词和现在分词）。 3. 知识点详讲： 不定式 （1） 、不定式的作用 1、 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is ..to…句型。 试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for。 2、 作宾语 （1） 动词+不定式。 如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 （2） 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。 如： I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I can’t decide when to go there. 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。 如： I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 3.作宾语补足语 （1） 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。 如： He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?（不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage （2） 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。 如： We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） (3) There +不定式。 如： We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。 如： We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 （2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 如： They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. 如： I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. 4、 作定语 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。 如： I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系） He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系） 注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。 如Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。 如： I need a pen to write with . (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看) 5.作状语 表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语， 如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。 a) 做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···） 如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 He came to the school to see his son. b) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 如： He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. He searched the room only to find nothing. （3） 做原因状语。 如： We were very excited to hear the news. I’m glad to see you. （4） 做条件状语。 如： To turn to the left , you could find a post office. 6、 作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。 如： The question is how to put it into practice. My question is when to leave. His dream is to be a doctor. Her work is to look after the babies. 注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当助于是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实） 7、 独立结构 如： To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you. To make matters worse, it began to rain. （二）、 不定式的时态和语态 1、 不定式的时态 （1） 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 如： He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. （2） 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 如： I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. c) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 如： He seems to be eating something. d) 完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 2、不定式的语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。 如： He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. （三）、 省to 的动词不定式 1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to） 2、 Would rather, had better. 3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to. 注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。 如： I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. 4、 使役动词 let, have, make. 5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。 如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 6、 Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth. 7、 Why…/Why not… 8、 But 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。 试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be . 如： He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。 练习： ——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change? A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going Paul doesn’t have to be made ______ . He always works hard. A learn B to learn C learned D learning （四）、 动词不定式的否定式。 如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 练习： 1.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking. A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do 3. The patient was warned ______ food before the operation. A to eat no B eating not C not to eat D not eating 1、 经典例题 1、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, ______ that all children like these things. A thinking B think C to think D thought 2、 There have been several new events ______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A add B to add C adding D added 3、 I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______ talking while she works. A working; stopping B to work; stopping C working; to stop D to work; to stop 4、 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ______. A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be satisfying D being satisfied 5、 No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed 6、 ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour. A Having made B Make C To make D Making 7、 If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again. A gets B got C to get D getting 8、 As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ______ A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using 9、 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ______. A to make B to be made C making D being made 10、 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2008. A hold B holding C held D to be held 三、实战训练 11、 ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A Faced B Face C Facing D To face 12、 AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have been 13、 Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A do B to do C doing D and doing 14、 Faced with a bill for $10,000, ______. A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra job C an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John 15、 He hurried to the booking office only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out. A to tell B to be told C telling D told 16、 Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A being given B is given C given D was given 17、 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost 18、 The bird flu ______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,______ 16. A sweeps; killed B swept; killing C sweeping; to kill D sweeping; killing 19、 The man ______ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday. A being suspected B suspecting C suspected D to be suspected 20、 The students entered the classroom, smiling and ______ , and ______ down to have their lessons. A talked; sat B talking; sitting C talking; sat D talked; sitting 21、 ——Have you ever heard of an American president called Chester A. Arhur? ——No , and he’s not mentioned in my history book at all. He seems ______ A to have been completely forgotten B having completely forgotten C to have completely forgotten D completely forgetting 22、 With the magazine An Express Way to English ______ us , we will improved our language skills a lot. A helping B helped C has helped D to help 23、 It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late at night. My parents don’t approve ______ A of Richard and me staying out late at night B of me and Richard staying out late at night C to Richards’s and my staying out late at night D when Richard and me stay out late at night 24、 A communicative satellite ______ as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week. A weighing B weighed C to be weighed D being weighed 25、 ______ of stealing money from the bank, he was questioned by the police. A Accusing B Accused C Having accused D To accuse 4、 课后反馈 一、单选 1. What he said suggested he ______ angry with us so I suggest you ______ an apology to him. A. should be; should make B. should be; made C. was; make D. was; to make 2. The astronauts found that ______ the spaceship went further and further into space, it became more and more difficult to control its own movements. A. if B. till C. as D. while 3. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she______ . A. has done B. was doing C. had done D. is doing 4. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _____ lots of improvement in their appearance. A. are, has been B. is, have been C. is, are D. are, was 5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? A. would B. must C. should D. can 6. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched B. If you search C. Searching D. Search 7. Meeting my uncle after so many years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 8. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 9. ---Can you shoot the bird at the top of the tree? ---No, it’s out of ______. A. range B. reach C. control D. distance 10. Leaders of many countries have been trying to ______ what it is that makes China develop so fast. A. carry out B. figure out C. watch out D. go out 11. He joined the firm as an office boy, but he gained rapid promotion, and _____ a director. A. ended up B. ended up in C. ended up with D. ended up as 12. ______ in the sandstorm, he didn’t know which way to take. A. Having stuck B. Stuck C. To be stuck D. Sticking 13. I’m sure your suggestions will _____ the problem. A. contribute to solving B. contribute to solve C. be contributed to solve D. be contributed to solving 14. Studies show that people are more ______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure 15. If you have decided which bike to buy, you can ______ for it on the Internet and we will send it right to your home. A. take an order B. carry out an order C. keep order D. place an order 16. Please make sure all the lights are ______ before you go to bed. A. turned on B. turned down C. switched off D. switched on 17. I could feel my heart beating violently ______ I went on the stage to sing a song. A. for the first time B. by the time C. every time D. from time to time 18. ______ both sides accept these terms will everlasting peace be established in this region. A. Unless B. As long as C. If only D. Only if 19. To everyone’s surprise, Michael claimed _____ all his homework in just one hour. A. having finished B. to have finished C. that finished D. finishing 20. ---Jack was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning. ---______? As far as I know, he never came late to class. A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. What for 2、 阅读理解 A Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules, planning your next move and acting as a team member are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) . Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. 1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________. A. be a team leader B. obey the basic rules C. act as a grown-up D. predict possible danger 2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________. A. describe life in an exciting way B. turn real-life experiences into a play C. make learning life skills more interesting D. change people’s views of sporting events 3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging? A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country. B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners. C. It helps the country out of natural disasters. D. It earns the winners fame and fortune. 4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______. A. bring fun to poor kids B. provide soccer balls for children C. give poor kids a chance for a better life D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$