第2讲 名词性从句 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

第2讲 名词性从句 教学目标 【一】什么是主句？ 【二】怎样选择引导词？ 【三】什么是宾从，表从，同位语从句 【四】定语从句与同位语从句的区别？ 【五】什么是形式宾从？ Part I. 夯实语法 主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject） 名词解释 a. 主语 Schubert（舒伯特） is a top music talent. They have gone to Milan for a visit. 主语：执行者、描述对象 b. 主语从句 Standing in the field in the afternoon of March is a good way to feel the spring. That you stand in the filed in the afternoon of March is a good way to feel the spring. 在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个完整句子，这个句子就为主语从句。 1. 连接代词引导的主语从句 (1) who, whoever 指人，做主语。 Who knows the secret will get the treasure. Whoever went through this hard time would know more about life. (2) whom、whomever指人，做宾语。 Whom he gets along well with matters the most. Whomever he contacts is nothing of your business. (3) what、whatever 指物，做主语或宾语。 What surprised me most is his attitude to this rescue. Whatever exerts a bad influence on your health should be paid attention to. (4) whose指所属关系，后加名词 Whose work will win the first prize is still unknown to us all. (5) which、 whichever Which is the right answer is determined by the decision of the public. Whichever you got from the remote star should be just between you and me.  Which luggage is yours should be proved by others instead of yourself. 宾语从句（I）（Object Clause） 名词解释 a. 宾语 我相信你 我相信你是对的 宾语的作用：是指一个动作（动词）的接受者 b. 宾语从句 I believe you.　　此处 是宾语 I believe that you are right. 此处 是宾语从句； 一、连接词 1. 连接词that, if, whether that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year. I don't know if there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? Do you know who has won Red Alert game? I don't know whom you should depend on The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 3. 连接副词 连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 4. 连接词的选择 1. whether 与if 的选择  二者在引导宾语从句时常可互换。但下列情况下只用whether ，不用if 。 宾语从句置于句首时。如： Whether he will succeed, I can’t say. 宾语从句在介词后时。如： It depends on whether we have enough money.  后面紧跟or not 时。如： I don’t know whether or not she can arrive on time. 2. that与 what 的选择 That只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何词义；what 引导宾语从句时，除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 People have heard what the president has said, they are waiting to see ____he will do.   A. how  B. what  C. when  D. that 分析： do 为及物动词，所选词要做其宾语，故选B。 3.连接代词 who ,whom, whose, what ,which , 和连接副词 how, when, where ,why 的选择。 连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握两点： 1）成分：连接代词在从句中作主语，、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。 2）意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。 I remember ____this used to be a quiet village. A. when  B. how  C. where  D. what 3）当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时。如： We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.  We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal. 宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。如： I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.  二、时态 1. 当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 2. 当主句为过去时的时候，从句时态要发生相应变化 3. 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 4. 从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 5. 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 6. 如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 【随堂练习一】 用括号中的词的正确形式填空。 1. The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise) 3. Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they ______________ (return) it already. 5. He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 6. Ling Feng told me he _________ there several times. (be) 7. The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel) 8. I didn’t know whom the letters ______ from. (be) 9. Could you tell me who ___________ away the book already? (take) 三、语序 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 【随堂练习二】 单项选择 （1）Did you find out ______? A．she was looking for whose child B．whose child was she looking for C．whose child she is looking for whose child she was looking for （2）Are you interested in _____? A．how did he do it B．he did it how how he did it D. he how did it （3）I don’t know _____． Can you tell me? A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players the two players are how old D. how old the two players are （4）－What did the scientist say? 　 －He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day． A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly （5）Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____? A. Where the bank nearest where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where （6）She asked Tom ________ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 四、否定前移 1. 主句的谓语动think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he won’t come to my party. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 2. 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 表语从句（II）（the Predicative Clause） 一、定义：表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。 例如： The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句 二、连接词： 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的那样。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 除了that之外，其它连接词都有自己的意义并在从句中充当成分，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语) The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语) 同位语从句（III）（Appositive Clause） 名词解释 同位语 BeiJing, our capital city, is developing fast. 同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如： This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。（Harry是my friend的同位语） We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。（students是we的同位语） 定义和用法： 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些抽象名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例： The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 ★有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 二、引导词 英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） 【随堂练习三】 一、单项选择 1. The question came up at the meeting _____we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which D. whether 2. Word came from Mr. Smith _____ he could arrive on the following Saturday. A. about which B. that C. whether D. of which 3. There is no doubt _____ China is always trying to keep world peace and against any war. A. that B. whether C. if D. when            二、填连接词(从句) 1. During those hard year,_________ people needed simply was food to satisfy their stomachs and clothes to warm their bodies. 2. ______ you agree to this proposal or not doesn’t bother me at all. 3. The question is ____________ the film is worth seeing. 4. The suggestion ___________the Apple should open more retail shops in China to gain popularity and more market share has been adopted. 5. The reason_________ he was absent was__________ he wasn’t interested in that meeting. 【随堂练习一】 a.单选 1. _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A. that B. this C. what D. which 2. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known. A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. What 3. _______ he or she wants should be decided by themselves. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever 4. ____ he had achieved is known to all of us. A. what B. that C. which D. all which 5. ______ the likely result of an action will be attracts most participants                         A. that  B. what C. which  D. whether b. 用适当的连词填空 1. I can't decide ____________ dictionary I should buy for my upcoming language study. 2. ____________ we need is more time, nothing else.. 3. ____________ you are waiting for is the answer you are expecting. 4. ____________ they are looking for over the weekend is fresh to us. c. 改错 1. That she wants to do is restricted by her parents. 2. What I have one shortcoming in my character should be responsible for this failure. 3. What we should do it is that we get rid of the bad habits. 2. 连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词有when、whenever、where、wherever、how、why。 如： I still have no idea when he will be back. Whenever you leave and wherever you go should be informed. Why we should learn English since we was young puzzled most Chinese. 【随堂练习二】 单选 1 . ____ paper came into use in China still puzzles lots of people. A. How B. That C. What D. Which 2. ________I met him for the first time is what I though about. A. Where  B. What C That D. If 3. ____ get to the railway station is determined by the local traffic condition.                       A. How can I  B. What I can  C. How I can D. Where I can b. 填空 1. ____________ he refused my invitation is discussed by my friends. 2. ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time interests me a lot. 3. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet. 4. ____________ the nearest post office is makes me confused. c. 改错 1. It happened where I wasn't there that day. 2. Where she will be back is not revealed. 3. 其他连词引导的主语从句 that、whether Whether Greece will be expelled from Europe is still unknown. That Alibaba plans to set up more data centers overseas will help them make more profits. 【随堂练习三】 a. 单选 1. _____ China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited. 　　A. Whenever          B. Whether        C. If         D. That 2. _____ was of little importance. 　　A. Whether he passed the examination or not 　　B. No matter he might pass the examination 　　C. He might pass the examination D. What he passed the examination b. 翻译句子 1.__________________________________ remains unknown.(finish) 我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道 2. _________________________________________ is being questioned. (abroad) 他出国学习商务英语这件事被质疑。 4.如何选引导词 连接代词(补丁) What/ who/ whom/ whose/ which/ whatever/ whoever/ whichever 连接副词及whether When/ whenever/ where/ wherever/ how/ way 从属连词 That/whether 规律一：从句中句子成分不完整，选________________. 规律二：．从句中句子成分完整，主从句意思连接不完整，选_______________. 规律三：．从句中句子成分完整，主从句意思连接表达完整，选_______________. 【随堂练习四】 a. 单选 1._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet. A. What B. That C. When D. Where 2. _____ was said here must be kept secret. A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where 3． _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right. A. That B. When C. What D. Whether  4. _____ you have done might do harm to other people. A. What B. That C. Which D. The things 5 _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6_____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all. A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That 7 _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not 8.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious. A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever 五、 形式主语it的主语从句 (1) it做形式主语 That she was beautiful was plain to everyone. =It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful. Whether we will come to visit China (or not) hasn’t been decided. =It hasn’t been decided whether we will come to visit China or not. (2) It + be + 名词/形容词/done+ that 从句。如：  It is a pity that Jobs left us before the accomplishment of Iphone5. It is pitiful that Jobs left us before the accomplishment of Iphone5. It is reported that Big Data will prevalent across the world. (3) It + seems/ happens + that 从句。如： It seems that Greece will have a difficult time to go through this period. It happened that Gatsby suffered from a kind of mantel disease. 【随堂练习五】 a. 填空 It’s not that easy for us ________ we accomplish it in the given time. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? Does _______ matter if he fails the interview of the employment? 【随堂练习六】 单项选择 _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used. A. The estimate  B. The estimate     C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that 2. _____ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.  A. That B. Which C. Who D. What  3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That  4. _____ you say now can’t make up for what you’ve done.  A. No matter B. Whatever C. However D. That 5. Although ____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world. A. which B. what C. how D. it 二、填空: 1. It is likely _____ he is the winner of this game. 2. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries. 3. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 4. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party. 5. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 6. __________ breaks the law should be punished. 7. It is necessary ______ the problem (should) be solved at once. 8. ________ he was born is unknown. 9. It is possible _______ he has stolen the car. 10. _______ has broken the glass is unknown. 11. _______ he worked it out is still a secret. 12. _______ they makes in this factory are TV sets. 13. ________ they would support us was a problem. 三．完成句子。 1.__________________________________ hasn’t been decided yet.(pick) 谁将去接他还没有确定。 2._____________________________________ is none of my business.(like) 你喜不喜欢他都与我无关。 3._________________________________________ is being discussed.(abroad) 他将何时出国正在讨论之中。 4.____________________________ in learning English is enough practice.(matter) 英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。 5. It worried her a bit ______________________________________________.(turn) 她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧。 第2讲 名词性从句答案 b. (2)that; whom c. 1.when 2.where 3.why (6) ①whose leaves ②the title of which (7). ① for which ② from whose house 【随堂练习一】 a. 完成句子 1.at the back of which 2. the first of which I like most 3.to whom she could turn for help 4. without which we couldn’t live 5.which teachers attach great １.　连接代词引导的主语从句 单选 CCBAB 用适当的连词填空 1. Which2. What3. What/ Who4. What 改错 1. That改成what 2. That 3. 去掉it 2. 连接副词引导的主语从句 单选AAC 填空1. Why 2. How 3. When、where 4. Where 改错1. when 2. Where 3. 其他连词引导的主语从句 a. 单选DA b. 翻译句子1. Whether we can finish the work 2. That he goes abroad to learn business English 4.如何选引导词 单选CCCACDBC 5. 形式主语it的主语从句 a. 填空1. that 2. it 3. it 【随堂练习六】 一．单项选择 1—5: DDBBB 6—10: DDDBD 11—15: DCCCD 16—20: CACDA 二、填空: 1. that 2. Why/why 3. That 4.that 5. Whether/Where/When 6. Whoever 7. that 8. When/ Where 9. that 10. Who11. How12. What 13.Whether 三．完成句子。 1.Who will pick him up 2.Whether we can finish the work on time 3.Whether you like him (or not) 4.When he will go abroad 5.What matters most 打动了。这是by 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$