知识讲解 表语从句 讲义 -2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

表语从句 概念引入 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，其功能相当于名词在句中所做的成分；综观近几年的高考英语试题，名词性从句是必考项之一；在本单元中，我们重点讲解表语从句。 先看下面句子： 1. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 3. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 4. The fact that they arrived a long time before Europeans is what matters. 这些句子中斜体词部分都是名词性从句，句1是why引导的表语从句；句2是that引导的后置的主语从句；句3是that引导的宾语从句；句4是that引导的同位语从句，而is后是what引导的表语从句。 用法讲解 考点综述：语序 从近几年高考题来看，对名词性从句的考查最重要的两点是： 1. 语序； 2. 连接词的选择 名词性从句的语序：陈述句语序 无论名词性从句的引导词是什么，成为从句前是一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句，其语序都是陈述句语序，注意连接词一般放在从句句首。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对这个小男孩做了什么。 考点综述：连接词的选择 这是名词性从句必考的内容，亦是一个难点；解题的关键是弄清连接词在从句中的句法功能及连接词之间的异同，而连接词的选择要依句子结构及上下文的语境来决定。 1. that that在从句不做成分，没有实际意思，在宾语从句中有时可省略，而主语、表语、同位语三个从句中一般不省略。 What I want to stress is that you should be more patient. 我想要强调的是你应该再耐心点。 2. if, whether 在从句中不做成分，意思是“是否”，不可省略。 The question is whether they have so much money. 问题是他们是否有那么多钱。 3. 疑问词： 这类连接词在从句中充当成分，引导的从句由问句变来，常用的有：what, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, how many等。 　What made the school proud of was that most of the students had been admitted to key universities. 　　让这所学校引以为自豪的是大多数的学生被重点大学录取。（what引导主语从句且在从句中做主语。） She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 注意： 1）连接名词性从句的疑问词除了有疑问的含义外，有些词不含疑问含义： ① what在从句中做主语、宾语和表语等，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，表示“……的东西”。 The boy isn’t what he used to be. 这孩子不再是过去的样子了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中做be的表语) ② where, when, why, how引导表语从句，分别表示地点、时间、原因和方式。 A reading room is where you can read books. 阅览室是能读书的地方。 This is why we put off the meeting. 这就是我们推迟会议的原因。 Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient. 明天就是最方便的时间。 2）what和that的区别 · that在从句中不充当成分，只起引导作用；而what在从句中做主语、宾语、表语等。 · that没有任何意义，而what表示“什么”或“……的事情”，相当于the thing(s) that。 What I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind. 我不明白的事情是为什么他改了主意。 The question is what we can do to save her. 问题是我们能做什么去挽救她。 But the truth is that everyone should take care of disabled people, not just the government. 但是事实是每个人都应该关心、照顾残疾人，而不是只靠政府的力量。 考点综述：名词性从句与虚拟语气 suggest类及其派生词 1）这类词的动词、名词及过去分词形式所涉及到的名词性从句的谓语一般都用虚拟语气。 2）这类词有：suggest , insist, request, require, demand, order, command, advise, recommend等。 3）虚拟语气构成：should +动词原形（should可省） My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of setting it aside. 我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。（表语从句） 表语从句 定义：从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。 China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题依然是他们能否帮我们。 At that time，it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。 It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。 构成：引导词+简单句 引导词： 1. 连接词that The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。 The fact is that I was in the garden when the robbery happened. 事实是抢劫发生的时候我正在花园。 2. 连接词whether（是否），as（和……一样），as if / though（似乎，好像） The question is whether it’s worth doing. 问题是它是否值得一做。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. 连接代词：who，what，which The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们哪一个应该去。     The problem was who could do the work. 问题是谁能做这项工作。     That’s what he is worrying about. 那就是他在担心的事情。 That was what she did this morning. 那就是她今天早晨所做的一切。 4. 连接副词：where，when，how，why The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 表语从句疑难点： 1. 表语从句的引导词that、whether一般不省略，if不引导表语从句。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们输了比赛。 The point is whether we should lend him the money. 要点是我们是否应该借给他钱。 2. 主语是reason时，表语从句用that引导，不用because；构成句型：The reason (why/ for ...) is / was that ... 此句型中that引导的表语从句旨在说明主语“the reason”的内容。 The reason for my being late was that I missed the early bus. 我迟到的原因是我错过了早班车！ The reason why he was late is that he had to help his mother with the chickens. 他迟到的原因是他必须帮他妈妈照顾鸡仔。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me. 我难过的原因是他不理解我。 3. what引导的主语从句+ be + that从句： What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet. 使我感到最为惊讶的是所有的学生都出奇的安静。 4. because，why引导的表语从句： This / That / It is because… 表示“这/那是因为……”，because引导的表语从句一般指上文中出现的某件事情，强调原因；That’s why… 表示“那就是……的原因”，强调结果。 It is just because he doesn’t know her. 那只是因为他不认识她。 That’s why I want you to work here. 那就是我想让你在这儿工作的原因。 That’s because he didn’t understand me. 那是因为他不理解我。 That’s why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 5. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句： 在表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 小结： 1. 表语从句的构成：引导词+ 简单句 2. 引导词： 连接词that, whether, as, as if； 连接代词who, what, which； 连接副词when, where, how, why 3. 三个注意点： if不引导表语从句； 主语为reason时，引导词用that； 语序 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$