五大基本句子结构及申请信写作练习 课件-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

五大基本句型训练 五种基本句式如下： 句型一：主谓结构: S (主）+ Vi（不及物）(谓) 句型二：主系表结构：S (主)+ V(谓)(lv) (系动词)+ P(表) 句型三：主谓宾结构: S (主)+ Vt.(及物)(谓)+ O(宾) 句型四：双宾语结构: S (主)+Vt.(谓)+ InO(间宾)+ DO(直宾) 句型五：复合宾语结构: S (主)+ Vt.(谓)+ O(宾)+ O C(宾补OC) 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，但英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。 掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 The boy looked happy . ^ ^ ^ 状语定语 定语 状语（时间、地点、原因等 The little boy in our class looked very happy in the classroom yesterday afternoon because the teacher praised him for his helping others. 定语 定语 程度状语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 ^ 程度状语 1. 简单句：主语+谓语（vi.） (接宾语必须后加介词) ①高考写作中最常用句型 ②谓语动词是不及物动词或不及物动词短语，不能直接带宾语 ③其后常带有状语，表示时间、地点、目的、方式等，由副词，介词短语，状语从句等来充当 1. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)我们开车从学校出发。 2. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) 比赛将于6月10日下午在我们学校体育馆举行。 We drove from the school. / We started from the school by car. The competition will start in our school stadium on the afternoon of June 10th. 3. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷) 根据我们的传统，你应该早点到。 4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) 我写信是为了告诉你下个星期的中文课。 5. (2016 全国Ⅱ) 这次展览将于6月15日开始，持续3周。 According to our tradition, you should arrive early./ By tradition, you should arrive early. I am writing to tell you something about our next week’s Chinese class. It (The exhibition/show) will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. 2. 简单句：主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 ①此句型是高考写作中最高频句型 ②谓语包括及物动词和及物的动词短语，其后可接宾语的成分通常是名词、代词、动词不定式 (to do)、动名词(v-ing) 或从句 ③常带有状语，表示时间、地点、目的、方式等，由副词，介词短语，状语从句等来充当，还可以有并列谓语。 1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)上周末，我们全班参加了一次采摘活动。 2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) 我们学校将于下周五上午在学校礼堂举行音乐节。 3. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) 我们每天做早操并且每周上体育课。 4. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)我校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。 Last weekend，we took part in a picking activity. Our school will hold a music festival in the school hall next Friday morning. We do morning exercises every day and we have a PE lesson every week. Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. 3. 简单句: 主语+系动词+表语 ①此句型的使用频率非常高，仅次于主谓宾句型 ②系动词主要是be，其次是感官动词-look (看起来), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来)，taste (尝起来), feel (摸起来, 感觉)等。 ③作表语的主要是形容词，其次是副词(back/away/there/here等) 和名词等。 1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷)我叔叔是当地医院的一名医生。 2. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)希望这些建议对你有帮助。 3. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)这次展览的主题是环境保护。 4. (2015全国Ⅰ卷)我们报纸的“外国文化”专栏非常受我们学生的欢迎。 My uncle is a doctor in the local hospital there. I hope that these suggestions will be helpful to you. The theme of the show is environmental protection. The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. 4. 简单句: 主语+谓语(vt.)+双宾 该句型作为简单句用得极少，主要用于宾语从句中。 双宾语还常用于宾语或宾补的不定式中。 1. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷)我甚至可以给他们演示如何用中国画笔和墨水作画。 2. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)有时主人会为客人提供超出他们所需的食物。 I can even show them how to paint with Chinese brush and ink. Sometimes the host will provide guests with more food than they need. / Sometimes the host will offer guests more food than they need. 3. (2017年全国Ⅰ卷)我决定教你唐诗。 4. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)你上次给我看过一些有关这个主题的照片。 I decide/plan to teach you Tang poetry. You showed me some photos on that theme the last time. 5. 简单句: 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 ①该句型在写作中用得最多的是不定式作宾补和形容词作宾补。 ②ask/advise/invite/encourage/tell/want sb. to do sth; let/make/watch sb do sth; make/find+宾语+adj. ③拓展句型：find/make/think/consider/feel/appreciate it + adj. + to do/doing/宾语从句 1. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷)我可以帮助游客更好地了解中国画。 2. (2018年全I卷)你可以帮助主人准备晚餐。 3. (2017全国Ⅲ卷)一些著名的运动员将会被邀请来讲课。 4. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)这些活动会使他们开心。 I can help visitors to know more about Chinese paintings. You can help the hosts (to) prepare for dinner. Some famous players will be invited to give us training lessons. These activities will make them happy. 6. there be句型 (There be + 主语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语) 该句型在近几年的高考写作中是很重要的一个句型，表示某地有某人或某物。(不与have连用) There be 句型中谓语动词be的单复数遵循就近原则。 1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷)我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。 2. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)当我们到达农场时，农场里有各种各样的动物、新鲜的绿色蔬菜和果树。 There are many admirable people around us. When we arrived at the farm, there were all kinds of animals, green fresh vegetables and fruit trees in the farm. 3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷)在我们学校将有一场学校音乐节。 4. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)5月5日，在我们学校礼堂将有一个中国剪纸艺术展。 There will be a music festival in our school. There will be a paper-cutting art exhibition (held) in our school hall on May 5th. 句子翻译练习： 1.上周五，我们班在公园上了一堂美术课 2. 很高兴收到你的来信。 3.这次活动非常有意义。 4.这次活动是如此有意义以至于我受益匪浅 5每天图书馆里都有很多学生 6.他们发现这个故事很有趣 7.老师在写作方面给了我们一些有用的建议 1. Last Friday, our class had an art lesson in the park.   2. I'm very glad to hear from you.   3. This activity is very meaningful.   4. This activity is so meaningful that I have benefited a lot.   5. There are many students in the library every day.   6. They found this story very interesting.   7. The teacher gave us some useful advice on writing. 7. 并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句 ①并列句就是两个简单句之间加上一个并列连词，如 and, but, or 等。 ②注意并列句谓语的时态 1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷)他每天努力工作，但是也会抽出一些时间陪我。 2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) 我热爱艺术。过去几年我一直在学习中国传统绘画。 He is working hard every day, but he still spends some time staying with me. I love art, and I have been studying traditional Chinese paintings for/in/over the past few years. 3. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)我申请暑假去我市一家外资公司兼职。 我已经写好申请信和个人简历。 4. (2014全国Ⅰ卷)我是一位中国的学生。我计划暑假期间去英国上暑期学校。 I am applying for a part-time job in a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation and I have already finished my job application and personal resume. I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. 5. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) 如果您能给我们一些专业的建议，我们将不胜感激。 We would appreciate it if you could give us some professional advice/suggestions. 或We’d really appreciate it if you offer to give some professional advice.  13. 同位语 ①同位语是解释或补充说明另一个名词或代词的名词，通常用逗号与被它修饰同位语的词分开。 ②同位语主要在自我介绍或介绍他人或某事物时用到。 1. (2019全国Ⅰ卷)我是李华，来自中国的一名交换生。 2. (2020 高三联考卷)我是李华，晨光中学学生会主席。(唯一职位，名词作同位语，其前不用冠词) I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. 练习： 1. 这是我的观点。 2. 据我所知，这个展览将在学校美术馆持续一个月。 3. 去年夏天，我学习了传统国画的新技巧。 4. 此外，通过创造美我获得了成就感。 5. 保持我们的环境干净整洁是我们的责任。 6. 对我来说，那是一个难忘的母亲节。 7. 我们身边有许多值得尊敬的人。 8. 当我们到达农场时，农场里有各种各样的动物、新鲜的蔬菜和果树。 1. This is my point of view.   2. As far as I know, this exhibition will last for a month in the school art gallery.   3. Last summer, I learned some new techniques for traditional Chinese painting.   4. Moreover, I gained a sense of achievement through creating beauty.   5. It's our responsibility to keep our environment clean and tidy.   6. For me, that was an unforgettable Mother's Day.   7. There are many respectable people around us.   8. When we arrived at the farm, there were various animals, fresh vegetables and fruit trees on it. 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1．写信目的： 2．个人优势： 3．能做的事情。注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．结束语已为你写好。 迁移运用--写作 一.审题 体裁 申请信 写作对象 志愿者招募处成员 人称与时态 以第一人称为主，时态主要用一般现在时 要点 写信目的，个人优势，能做的事情 二.段落构思 第一段：（个人简介/说明信息来源）+写信目的 第二段：个人优势与能做的事情 第三段：期待录用 申请信常用语块 1. 申请：apply to do sth/apply for sth 2.(可)胜任……:be qualified/fit/suitable/competent for… 3.符合你们的资历要求:meet your qualifications 4.表达我对…的兴趣: express my deep interest in… 5.掌握/能驾驭...:have a good command/knowledge of 6.具有…(能力):equipped with… 7.很熟悉 ：be well acquainted with 8.表达流利： be fluent in 9.在……方面有丰富的经验: have rich experience in…/be experienced in… 10.考虑 :take…into consideration 11.给我提供这个机会:offer me the opportunity 12.得到你的认可: meet your approval 得知当地将举办一个中国画展，我写信申请这个职位。 （1）.（个人简介/说明信息来源）+写信目的 我是李华，一个正在伦敦学习的中国学生。 I’m Li Hua, an outgoing boy studying in London. Knowing that you’re recruiting volunteers for Chinese Painting Exhibition, I’m writing to apply for a position. (recruit) （2）.个人优势与能做的事情 首先，我对中国画很熟悉，这对介绍中国画很有帮助。 First, I’ m familiar with Chinese painting, which is helpful for introducing Chinese paintings. 此外，我性格外向热情，擅长英语口语，因此有助于与当地人顺利沟通。 In addition, I’m outgoing and I’m good at spoken English, so I can communicate with others smoothly. 最重要的是，我曾当过中国画展的志愿者，有相关的经验 Most importantly, I have worked as a volunteer for Chinese Painting Exhibition in China so I’have some experience （3）.期待录用的多种表达 1.如果您能给我这个机会，我将不胜感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the opportunity. 2. 希望我的申请能得到您的批准。 Hope my application will meet your approval. 3.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Lihua, an outgoing boy studying in London.Learning that you are looking for some volunteers for Chinese Painting Exhibition， I am writing to apply for this position. First, as an enthusiast for Chinese painting, I’ m well acquainted with it, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.In addition, I’m outgoing and warm-hearted and I’m good at spoken English, which can help me communicate with others smoothly.Besides, outgoing and warm-hearted personalities combined with my good command of English will contribute to my smooth communication with the locals.What’s more, equipped with excellent spoken English, I can communicate with the locals fluently.Most importantly, I have served as a volunteer for Chinese Painting Exhibition in China so that I’ve gained abundant experience, which allows me to offer better service. I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 2006年全国卷I 假定你是李华，亚洲冬季运动会(the Asian Winter Games)将在你居住的地方举办，现正在招募志愿者，你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封信。内容应包括： 1.个人介绍 2.个人优势 3.承诺：提供最佳服务 注意：词数100左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Practice in class 审题 体裁 申请信 写作对象 冬季奥运会招募处 人称与时态 第一人称为主，时态主要用一般现在时 要点 写信目的，个人优势，能做的事情（提供最佳服务） Brainstorm: What advantages can you write in this letter? be good at /have a good command of English be fond of /have great passion in sports talkative/enjoy talking with others be willing to help others be familiar with the local conditions offer the best service Dear Sir or Madam， I'm Lihua, a student studying in a senior high school. Learning that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city I live. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team. I think that I'm qualified for the job. Firstly, having learned English for more than ten years, I can speak fluent English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners smoothly. In addition, with great passion for sports, I'm eager to do a job in this field. What's more, being a person expert in communicating, I am always ready to help others. Last but not least, I am familiar with the local conditions. I promise I will offer the best service to whoever participates in the Games. I would appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration. Looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. Model essay $$