Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ Vocabulary Unit 2 Understanding each other Part 1　基础词汇过关 Part 2　核心词汇突破 Part 3　高考热点微练 词汇过关 基础 3 1.__________ n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件 2.__________ n.反馈的意见(或信息) 3.__________ vt.获得，赢得 4.__________ adj.坦诚的；简单的 5.__________ vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明 6.__________ vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n.好处，利益 7.____________ n.词汇，词汇量 Ⅰ.写重点词汇 mail feedback obtain straightforward clarify gain vocabulary 8.___________ adv.有点，有几分，稍微 9.________ n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出 10.____________ n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法 11._____ n.高尔夫球运动 12.___________ n.滑板 13._________ n.食堂，餐厅 14._____ vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n.差错；纸条；滑跤 somewhat accent handwriting golf skateboard canteen slip 15.______ n.栅栏，篱笆 16.________ n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 17._______________________ 处于某人的境地，设身处地 18._______________ 是……的说明(或原因)； (数量上、比例上)占 19.___________ 赞成，赞同 20.___________________ 扩展视野，开阔眼界 fence contest put yourself in sb’s shoes account for sth approve of broaden one’s mind 1. vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏； 起化学反应 →reaction n.反应；回应 2. adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的 →gently adv.温柔地；温和地；柔和地 3. adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的 →competence n.能力；胜任；本领 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 react gentle competent 4. vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服 →suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 →unsuitable adj.不合适的；不适宜的 5. vi. & vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议) →negotiation n.谈判；协商 6. vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n.褶，褶层，折叠部分 →unfold vt.打开；呈现 suit negotiate fold 7.knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的 → n.知识；学问；了解 8. n.同感，共鸣，同情 →empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 9. n.同情；赞同 →sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 knowledge empathy sympathy 10. vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) →approval n.赞成；认可；批准 →approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 →disapproval n.不赞成；反对 11.precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实 → adj.准确的；精确的；恰好 12.preference n.偏爱；偏爱的事物 → vt.更喜欢 approve precise prefer 13.embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 →embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 → vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难 →embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 14.intention n.计划，意图 → vt.计划，打算 →intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的 15. vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信 →correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；相似 →corresponding adj.相应的；符合的 embarrass intend correspond 16. vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现 →behavio(u)r n.行为；举止；习性 17. vt.忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受 →tolerance n.容忍；忍受 →tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 18. vt.吟诵；列举 →recitation n.朗诵；逐一列举 →recital n.朗诵会 behave tolerate recite 19. adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 →fluently adv.流利地；流畅地 →fluency n.流利；流畅 20. vi.合作，协作；协助，配合 →cooperation n.合作；配合 →cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 21. vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 →integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的 →integration n.结合；整合；一体化；融合 fluent cooperate integrate 22. vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 →opposed adj.反对的 →opposition n.反对 23.intervention n.干涉行为，干预 → vi.干涉；干预；介入 24. adj.纯净的；完全的 →purely adv.完全地，仅仅 →purity n.纯净；纯洁；纯粹 →purify vt.净化；提纯 oppose intervene pure 25. vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 →rejection n.拒绝接受；排斥 26. adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 →pessimism n.悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义 27.tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 → vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾 28.sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地 → adj.真诚的；诚实的 →sincerity n.真诚；诚挚 reject pessimistic tend sincere 1.This analysis will help decode and encode a coherent text more effectively. Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 解码　编码 2.The enterprise which has been operating in the red has decided to switch to other production. 企业 3.Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat. 摩擦 4.I still didn’t like his tone of voice; he sounded angry and accusing. 语气 5.We assume that our way of talking and gesturing is “natural” and that those who do things differently are somehow playing with nature. 做手势 6.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet the famous singer，which caused a traffic jam. v.挤满　n.拥挤 7.Under the guidance of my best foreign teacher，I have learnt about some taboos in America. 禁忌 8.She still remembered her own kindergarten classroom from 1985：it had a sandbox，blocks，and toys. 幼儿园 9.The expert cited such living examples in his article，which precisely proved his main point. 引用 10.There is no denying that tofu and bacon have their own unique flavours. 豆腐　熏猪肉 11.My old fish tank is somewhat small，so I have the intention to buy a new one. 缸，罐 12.In the past，students were recommended to buy a thick bilingual dictionary as a tool to learn English. 用两种语言(写)的 13.I made an appointment with an expert in kung fu and I must arrive ahead of schedule. 功夫 14.They left nothing undone that was consistent with the reputation of their tribe. 部落 15.The distinguished linguist was busy outlining a book on languages. 语言学家 返 回 词汇突破 核心 21 vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n.反应；回应) 1 • react to对……作出反应 react against (对旧观念等)抗拒，反对 react with同……起反应 • in reaction to作为对……的反应 react (1)The parents were disappointed that their children tended to react __________ their will. (2)Gases from organic material buried deep in the earth can also escape to the surface，where they react oxygen. (3)Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad (react).At last，the strategy was not approved. against with to reactions (4)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。 We have no choice but to use the spray _____________________ _______. (5)(应用文写作之建议信)只有当我们冷静地应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能以更好的方式解决问题。 Only solve problems in a better way. 写作佳句 in reaction to the bear’s attack when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服(suited adj.适合；般配的 suitable adj.合适的；适宜的) 2 suit • suit...to...使……适合…… suit one’s needs适合/满足某人的需要 • be suited to/for适合于 • be suitable for适合于 be suitable to do sth适合做某事 (1)There is little doubt that graduates now have some difficulty finding _________(suit) jobs. suitable (2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我真诚地希望以上安排能满足你的需要。如果不合适，我会调整之前的安排，直到适合你。 I sincerely hope that above arrangements can .If not，I will adjust former arrangements until _________________ ______________________. 写作佳句 suit your needs they suit/are suited to/are suitable for you (3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向您强烈推荐的这位纯真的女孩，英语水平高，沟通能力强，适合承担接待工作。她有能力使交换生适应我们学校的新环境。 Having a good command of English and possessing superb communication skills，the innocent girl I strongly recommend to you the reception work.She has the ability to _______________________________________________ ____________. 写作佳句 is suitable to take on suit exchange students to the new surroundings in our school • have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 in sympathy with支持；赞成 out of sympathy出于同情 • be sympathetic to/towards对……同情 (1)As a (sympathy) person，I have sympathy the homeless. n.同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的) sympathy 3 sympathetic for (2)出于对无家可归的孩子们的怜悯，这位可信赖的绅士让他们留宿过夜。 ____________________ the homeless children，the reliable gentleman gave them a bed for the night. (3)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。 Mrs Meredith __________________________________________ _____________________，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. 写作佳句 Out of sympathy for was sympathetic to/towards the poor/had sympathy for the poor (4)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)如果你赞成我的提议，让我们一起体验一下设备齐全的自习室吧。 If ，let’s experience the well-equipped study room together. 写作佳句 you are in sympathy with my proposal on account of由于；因为 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占；解释 account for sth 4 take...into account/consideration take account of... 考虑…… (1)Tom couldn’t finish his work on time，so his boss called him to account failing to meet the deadline. for (2)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I’d appreciate it if _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ at your convenience. 写作佳句 you could take my application into account/ consideration/take account of my application (3)(读后续写之片段描写)由于一场突如其来的大雨，我们更难找到回家的路，但我们咬紧牙关。我们决不会屈服于目前的困难。 We had more trouble finding our way home _________________ _______________________，but we gritted our teeth.________ __________________ resign ourselves to the present difficulty. 写作佳句 on account of an unexpected heavy rain On no account would we • approve of赞同，赞成 • meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞许/认可 give one’s approval to...某人批准…… (1)The singer on the stage was eager to win the judges’ ，and after a short while they gave her an nod.(approve) vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过；认可 disapproval n.不赞成，反对 approving adj.赞成的；赞许的) approve 5 approval approving (2)(应用文写作之建议信)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 We would be grateful ___________________________________ _______________. (3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸赞同双胞胎做母亲节早餐，并对他们点头表示赞成。得到爸爸的认可后，这对双胞胎笑得合不拢嘴。 Dad __________________________________________________ and he gave them .After _________________ __________，the twins grinned from ear to ear. 写作佳句 if you could approve/give your approval to our proposal approved of the twins’ cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast an approving nod meeting with Dad’s approval • have/show a preference for喜好……，偏爱…… • prefer to do/doing sth更喜欢做某事 prefer sb to do sth宁愿某人做某事 prefer doing sth to doing sth＝prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿 做某事也不愿做某事 (1)I prefer the school uniform the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. n.偏爱；偏爱的事物(prefer vt.更喜欢) preference 6 to (2)他毅然决然地说：“我宁死也不向困难屈服。” He said determinedly，“_______________________________ ___________________________________________________.” (3)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)根据我们进行的调查，65%的学生更喜欢听英文歌曲。 According to the survey we carried out,65 percent of the students ______________________________________________________________________________. 写作佳句 I prefer dying to giving in to difficulties/I prefer to die rather than give in to difficulties prefer to listen to/prefer listening to/have a preference for listening to English songs • with the intention of...目的是…… have no/every intention of doing sth完全无意/一心想做某事 • intend to do/doing sth打算/想要做某事 intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 • be intended to do...旨在做…… be intended for...专供……所用，是专为……而设计的 n.意图，计划(intend vt.计划，打算 intended adj.意欲达到的；计划的；为……打算/设计的 intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的) intention 7 (1)The headmaster intended Jim (deliver) a speech in front of the whole school. (2)Please forgive me.Actually I had no (intend) of hurting you. to deliver intention (3)(应用文写作之告知信)我写信是想告诉你这个暑假我打算参加书写训练班。这个课程专为初学者而设，旨在提高学员对书法的兴趣。 I’m writing informing you that _________ ____________ a Handwriting Training Class this summer holiday.The course beginners and it ____________________ participants’ interest in calligraphy. 写作佳句 with the intention of I intend to join/joining is specially intended for is intended to enhance • correspond to/with和……一致 correspond with和……通信 • in correspondence with与……有通信联系 (1)The editor welcomes (correspond) from readers on any subject.So his fans often correspond him and some even have been in correspondence with him for two years. vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信(correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系；相似corresponding adj.相应的；符合的) correspond 8 correspondence with (2)(话题写作之人际关系)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和他人建立更好的关系。 Only __________________________________________________ ______ make better relationships with others. 写作佳句 when what you do corresponds with/to what you say can you • behave well/badly to/towards sb对待某人好/差 behave oneself守规矩；表现得体 • well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 (1)Believe it or not，your brother’s (behave) on the stage really broadened my mind. 9 behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现 (behaviour/behavior n.行为；举止；习性) behavio(u)r (2)(话题写作之传统习俗)建议你在参加宴会时应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着他人。 It is suggested that you when attending feasts. ，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them. (should) behave yourself As a well-behaved guest make up one’s mind to do sth决心做某事 change one’s mind改变主意 bear/keep sth in mind记住某事 never mind不要紧；没关系 broaden one’s mind 10 拓展视野，开阔眼界 (1)思考了很长时间，我下定决心申请这份工作。然而，一个意想不到的新情况出现了，改变了我的主意。没关系。现在，我牢记事故总会发生。 Having thought for a long time，I to apply for the job.However，an unexpected new situation arose，__________________. .Now，I ________________ that accidents will happen. 写作佳句 made up my mind changing my mind Never mind bear/keep in mind (2)(利弊对比的议论文)虽然旅行可以拓宽你的视野，但我不认为在旅行上花费大量的时间和金钱是一个好主意。 While travelling can ，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend substantial time and money on it. 写作佳句 broaden your mind •have a tendency to do sth 喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 •tend to do sth 易于做某事；倾向于做某事 tend (to) ...照料，护理…… tendency 11 n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好(tend vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾) (1)There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. (2)Many people tend (talk) about traditions without knowing what they really are. (3)Two decades ago，Jack discovered a big jar containing some gold when tending to his backyard.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　_______ tendency to talk 打理 (4)毫无疑问，地球有变得越来越暖和的趋势。 There is no doubt that the earth ___________________________ ____________________. 写作佳句 返 回 has a tendency to become warmer and warmer 热点微练 高考 51 1.He recited the whole poem without making a single slip. 2.She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. 3.She slipped out of the house before the others were awake. 4.She wrote her name and address on a slip of paper. 5.He found a coin in his pocket and slipped it into her hand. Ⅰ.一词多义 A.vi.滑倒　B.vi.溜　C.vt.悄悄塞　D.n.差错　E.n.纸条 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ D A E B C 6.The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor. 7.Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard. 8.Although they parted，the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort. A.符合，相一致　B.相当于，类似于　C.通信 ____ ____ ____ A B C 1.In all our products the accent is on quality. 2.It was strange that the case was not contested. Ⅱ.熟词生义 ________ ________________ 着重点 就……提出异议 返 回 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．mail n．电子邮件；邮政；邮件 2．feedback n．反馈的意见(或信息) 3．obtain vt.获得，赢得 4．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 5．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明 6．gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n．好处，利益 7．vocabulary n．词汇，词汇量 8．somewhat adv.有点，有几分，稍微 9．accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出 10．handwriting n．手写，书写；笔迹，书法 11．golf n．高尔夫球运动 12．skateboard n．滑板 13．canteen n．食堂，餐厅 14．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入 n．差错；纸条；滑跤 15．fence n．栅栏，篱笆 16．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 17．put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 18．account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占 19．approve of 赞成，赞同 20．broaden one’s mind 扩展视野，开阔眼界 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应；回应 2．gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地；柔和地 3．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力；胜任；本领 4．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.合适的；适宜的→unsuitable adj.不合适的；不适宜的 5．negotiate vi. & vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．谈判；协商 6．fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold vt.打开；呈现 7．knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的→knowledge n．知识；学问；了解 8．empathy n．同感，共鸣，同情→empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣 9．sympathy n．同情；赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 10．approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．赞成；认可；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的→disapproval n．不赞成；反对 11．precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实→precise adj.准确的；精确的；恰好 12．preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt.更喜欢 13．embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 14．intention n．计划，意图→intend vt.计划，打算→intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的 15．correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信→correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系；相似→corresponding adj.相应的；符合的 16．behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性 17．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→tolerance n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 18．recite vt.吟诵；列举→recitation n．朗诵；逐一列举→recital n．朗诵会 19．fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 20．cooperate vi.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperation n．合作；配合→cooperative adj.合作的；协作的 21．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→integration n．结合；整合；一体化；融合 22．oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj.反对的→opposition n．反对 23．intervention n．干涉行为，干预→intervene vi.干涉；干预；介入 24．pure adj.纯净的；完全的→purely adv.完全地，仅仅→purity n．纯净；纯洁；纯粹→purify vt.净化；提纯 25．reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n．拒绝接受；排斥 26．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪；悲观主义 27．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾 28．sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的→sincerity n．真诚；诚挚 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．This analysis will help decode and encode a coherent text more effectively.解码　编码 2．The enterprise which has been operating in the red has decided to switch to other production. 企业 3．Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat.摩擦 4．I still didn’t like his tone of voice; he sounded angry and accusing.语气 5．We assume that our way of talking and gesturing is “natural” and that those who do things differently are somehow playing with nature.做手势 6．Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet the famous singer，which caused a traffic jam. v.挤满　n．拥挤 7．Under the guidance of my best foreign teacher，I have learnt about some taboos in America. 禁忌 8．She still remembered her own kindergarten classroom from 1985：it had a sandbox，blocks，and toys.幼儿园 9．The expert cited such living examples in his article，which precisely proved his main point. 引用 10．There is no denying that tofu and bacon have their own unique flavours.豆腐　熏猪肉 11．My old fish tank is somewhat small，so I have the intention to buy a new one.缸，罐 12．In the past，students were recommended to buy a thick bilingual dictionary as a tool to learn English.用两种语言(写)的 13．I made an appointment with an expert in kung fu and I must arrive ahead of schedule.功夫 14．They left nothing undone that was consistent with the reputation of their tribe.部落 15．The distinguished linguist was busy outlining a book on languages.语言学家 react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(reaction n．反应；回应) •react to对……作出反应 react against (对旧观念等)抗拒，反对 react with同……起反应 •in reaction to作为对……的反应 (1)The parents were disappointed that their children tended to react against their will. (2)Gases from organic material buried deep in the earth can also escape to the surface，where they react with oxygen. (3)Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily to the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad reactions(react)．At last，the strategy was not approved. [写作佳句] (4)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。 We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear’s attack. (5)(应用文写作之建议信)只有当我们冷静地应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能以更好的方式解决问题。 Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way. suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服(suited adj.适合；般配的 suitable adj.合适的；适宜的) •suit...to...使……适合…… suit one’s needs适合/满足某人的需要 •be suited to/for适合于 •be suitable for适合于 be suitable to do sth适合做某事 (1)There is little doubt that graduates now have some difficulty finding suitable(suit) jobs. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我真诚地希望以上安排能满足你的需要。如果不合适，我会调整之前的安排，直到适合你。 I sincerely hope that above arrangements can suit your needs.If not，I will adjust former arrangements until they suit/are suited to/are suitable for you. (3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向您强烈推荐的这位纯真的女孩，英语水平高，沟通能力强，适合承担接待工作。她有能力使交换生适应我们学校的新环境。 Having a good command of English and possessing superb communication skills，the innocent girl I strongly recommend to you is suitable to take on the reception work.She has the ability to suit exchange students to the new surroundings in our school. sympathy n．同情；赞同(sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的) •have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 in sympathy with支持；赞成 out of sympathy出于同情 •be sympathetic to/towards对……同情 (1)As a sympathetic(sympathy) person，I have sympathy for the homeless. [写作佳句] (2)出于对无家可归的孩子们的怜悯，这位可信赖的绅士让他们留宿过夜。 Out of sympathy for the homeless children，the reliable gentleman gave them a bed for the night. (3)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。 Mrs Meredith was sympathetic to/towards the poor/had sympathy for the poor，so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. (4)(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)如果你赞成我的提议，让我们一起体验一下设备齐全的自习室吧。 If you are in sympathy with my proposal，let’s experience the well-equipped study room together. account for sth 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占；解释 on account of由于；因为 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 考虑…… (1)Tom couldn’t finish his work on time，so his boss called him to account for failing to meet the deadline. [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account/consideration/take account of my application at your convenience. (3)(读后续写之片段描写)由于一场突如其来的大雨，我们更难找到回家的路，但我们咬紧牙关。我们决不会屈服于目前的困难。 We had more trouble finding our way home on account of an unexpected heavy rain，but we gritted our teeth.On no account would we resign ourselves to the present difficulty. approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)(approval n．赞成；同意；批准，通过；认可 disapproval n．不赞成，反对 approving adj.赞成的；赞许的) •approve of赞同，赞成 •meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞许/认可 give one’s approval to...某人批准…… (1)The singer on the stage was eager to win the judges’ approval，and after a short while they gave her an approving nod.(approve) [写作佳句] (2)(应用文写作之建议信)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 We would be grateful if you could approve/give your approval to our proposal. (3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸赞同双胞胎做母亲节早餐，并对他们点头表示赞成。得到爸爸的认可后，这对双胞胎笑得合不拢嘴。 Dad approved of the twins’ cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast and he gave them an approving nod.After meeting with Dad’s approval，the twins grinned from ear to ear. preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物(prefer vt.更喜欢) •have/show a preference for喜好……，偏爱…… •prefer to do/doing sth更喜欢做某事 prefer sb to do sth宁愿某人做某事 prefer doing sth to doing sth＝prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 (1)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. [写作佳句] (2)他毅然决然地说：“我宁死也不向困难屈服。” He said determinedly，“I prefer dying to giving in to difficulties/I prefer to die rather than give in to difficulties.” (3)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)根据我们进行的调查，65%的学生更喜欢听英文歌曲。 According to the survey we carried out,65 percent of the students prefer to listen to/prefer listening to/have a preference for listening to English songs. intention n．意图，计划(intend vt.计划，打算 intended adj.意欲达到的；计划的；为……打算/设计的 intentional adj.故意的；有意的；存心的) •with the intention of...目的是…… have no/every intention of doing sth完全无意/一心想做某事 •intend to do/doing sth打算/想要做某事 intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 •be intended to do...旨在做…… be intended for...专供……所用，是专为……而设计的 (1)The headmaster intended Jim to deliver(deliver) a speech in front of the whole school. (2)Please forgive me.Actually I had no intention(intend) of hurting you. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之告知信)我写信是想告诉你这个暑假我打算参加书写训练班。这个课程专为初学者而设，旨在提高学员对书法的兴趣。 I’m writing with the intention of informing you that I intend to join/joining a Handwriting Training Class this summer holiday.The course is specially intended for beginners and it is intended to enhance participants’ interest in calligraphy. correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信(correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系；相似corresponding adj.相应的；符合的) •correspond to/with和……一致 correspond with和……通信 •in correspondence with与……有通信联系 (1)The editor welcomes correspondence(correspond) from readers on any subject.So his fans often correspond with him and some even have been in correspondence with him for two years. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之人际关系)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和他人建立更好的关系。 Only when what you do corresponds with/to what you say can you make better relationships with others. behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现 (behaviour/behavior n．行为；举止；习性) •behave well/badly to/towards sb对待某人好/差 behave oneself守规矩；表现得体 •well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 (1)Believe it or not，your brother’s behavio(u)r(behave) on the stage really broadened my mind. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之传统习俗)建议你在参加宴会时应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着他人。 It is suggested that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well-behaved guest，you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them. broaden one’s mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 make up one’s mind to do sth决心做某事 change one’s mind改变主意 bear/keep sth in mind记住某事 never mind不要紧；没关系 [写作佳句] (1)思考了很长时间，我下定决心申请这份工作。然而，一个意想不到的新情况出现了，改变了我的主意。没关系。现在，我牢记事故总会发生。 Having thought for a long time，I made up my mind to apply for the job.However，an unexpected new situation arose，changing my mind.Never mind.Now，I bear/keep in mind that accidents will happen. (2)(利弊对比的议论文)虽然旅行可以拓宽你的视野，但我不认为在旅行上花费大量的时间和金钱是一个好主意。 While travelling can broaden your mind，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend substantial time and money on it. tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好(tend vi.& vt.趋向；易于；照顾) •have a tendency to do sth 喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 •tend to do sth 易于做某事；倾向于做某事 tend (to) ...照料，护理…… (1)There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. (2)Many people tend to talk(talk) about traditions without knowing what they really are. (3)Two decades ago，Jack discovered a big jar containing some gold when tending to his backyard.打理 [写作佳句] (4)毫无疑问，地球有变得越来越暖和的趋势。 There is no doubt that the earth has a tendency to become warmer and warmer. 高考热点微练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A．vi.滑倒　B．vi.溜　C．vt.悄悄塞　D．n.差错　E．n.纸条 1．He recited the whole poem without making a single slip. D 2．She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. A 3．She slipped out of the house before the others were awake. B 4．She wrote her name and address on a slip of paper. E 5．He found a coin in his pocket and slipped it into her hand. C A．符合，相一致　B．相当于，类似于　C．通信 6．The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor. B 7．Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard. A 8．Although they parted，the two friends always corresponded with one another to get comfort. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．In all our products the accent is on quality.着重点 2．It was strange that the case was not contested.就……提出异议 训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：75.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．I sincerely(真诚地) hope you can accept our invitation and share your opinion. 2．The two criminals slipped(溜) out of the diamond shop，disappearing in the darkness. 3．My teacher approves(赞成) of me taking part in the speech contest to be held by my school next Friday. 4．Those buildings integrated(合并) Chinese and Western architectural styles，which left a deep impression on us. 5．Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn how to negotiate(谈判) with other students about some urgent matters. 6．I applied for a job as a mechanic in a famous local enterprise，but I was rejected. 7．The innocent girl wants to express her deep sympathy for the family that suffered from the flood. 8．Chinese parents won’t tolerate their children knocking bowls with chopsticks when having dinner. 9．The innocent boy，on the contrary，is more straightforward，preferring to tell the truth in direct ways. 10．You should recite more passages to have your vocabulary enriched，which is of vital importance to English learning. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共18分) 1．Too much pressure may account for your recent low efficiency in study. 2．What made me embarrassed was that my son didn’t behave himself(he)． 3．Even if I didn’t meet with his approval(approve)，I wasn’t discouraged at all. 4．She kept her hands folded(fold) on her lap，pretending to be listening carefully. 5．He has some virtues and I hold the strong belief that he is competent to do(do) the job. 6．The expert has a preference(prefer) for swimming in his spare time. 7．The socialist reacted strongly against doing anything that was against his moral principles. 8．We are pessimistic about his future because what he says never corresponds with/to what he does. 9．My gentle mother is sympathetic(sympathy) to the injured girl and has determined to help her. 10．I’m strongly opposed to tearingtear down these ancient buildings，which are part of the culture. 11．He is a knowledgeable(knowledge) person and has lots of experience in developing new software. 12．The issue whether it is worthwhile to hold the Olympic Games is still under negotiation(negotiate)． Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·陕西汉中联考) When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents，most of them proudly replied，“Well，I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of misses the point. More often than not，what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one，or that pronunciations are different from our own.But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice.Funnily enough，in terms of the language study，every person speaks with an accent.It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents.Even if you don’t hear it yourself，you speak with some sort of accent.In this sense，it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”．We all do! Every person speaks a dialect，too.In the field of language study，a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure，phrases and words.For instance，“You got eat or not？”(meaning “Have you eaten？”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English.The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”．The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative，according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar.Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds.In a global age，the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity.Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech.We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了每个人都有口音；从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。 1．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self-confidence. B．It reflects their language levels. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It misses the real meaning of accents. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But this kind of misses the point.”和第二段前两句可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To justify the use of dialects. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To correct a grammatical mistake. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Why should it be wrong just because it’s different？”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。由此可推断，作者使用新加坡英语口语的例子是为了证明使用方言的合理性。故选A。 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Learn to speak with your local dialect. B．Seek for an official definition of accents. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’． 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段尤其最后一句“We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.”可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，这样我们可以更好地了解我们的世界，交更多的朋友。故选C。 4．What is the author’s attitude towards accents? A．Favourable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后两段内容可推知，作者对口音的态度是支持的。故选A。 B In a foreign country，a man visited a local restaurant.He didn’t speak their language.He ordered something indecipherable(难以辨认的) off the menu.When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious-looking fried noodles，he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle.Looking angry，the waiter then picked up the dish and threw it to his lap.What he did wrong，he wondered.Well，nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country. Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries，and they are often specific to a given culture.Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture，but is highly offensive in another. The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted.In English，it is popularly known as “thumbs up”，despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand.English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”，which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture.The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably. Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight.While American，British and Australian would use the thumb-up to signal hitch-hiking to the drivers，this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride. There are no right or wrong signals，only cultural differences.Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures.When we know what to look for，such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting，fascinating and fun.It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes. 5．What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong? A．He misunderstood the waiter. B．He made the signal in a rude way. C．He ordered something off the menu. D．He didn’t realize cultural differences. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“What he did wrong，he wondered.Well，nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.”可知，这个男士没有意识到文化差异，做错了手势。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “complimentary” in the second paragraph mean? A．Full of admiration. B．Full of aggression. C．Full of complexity. D．Full of certainty. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture，but is highly offensive in another.”中的but可知前后是转折关系，故画线词complimentary和后面的highly offensive(非常冒犯的)相对，意为“钦佩的”。故选A。 7．What will happen if you make a thumb-up toward a man in Northern Greece? A．He will stop to give you a lift. B．He will ask you to give him a lift. C．He will make the same signal toward you. D．He will get annoyed and fight against you. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight.”可知，如果你向希腊北部的一个男士竖大拇指，他会生气并与你产生争斗。故选D。 8．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To tell stories about different cultures. B．To explain the meaning of different gestures. C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences. D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。本文主要讲述了不同的手势在不同的文化中含义不同。由此推知，本文的目的是建议人们理解文化差异。故选C。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Being a people-pleaser(讨好型人格) is second nature to many people.We tend to calm those around us，often regardless of our own needs.Actually，it is unhealthy to do so. 1 Here are some tips one can follow. Be sure of your own value. You were created differently from every other human.Overcoming people-pleasing starts with clearly knowing the value of your thoughts and actions，and that your presence matters.By pleasing people at the cost of your own desires，you’re forgetting that you are here for a reason. 2 When something goes wrong，it’s quite natural for me to say sorry.It is pretty true of you if you’re a people-pleaser too.However，before words of apology trip from your lips，stop and look at the situation.Apologize sincerely and timely on condition that it’s really your fault.Otherwise just let it go. Keep saying no. 3 Indeed，getting over people-pleasing requires people to understand that you can say no and mean it.Saying no may be hard，but the more you say it，the more you understand how important it is to say. Speak up. People-pleasers like to agree with the masses.We are quiet，listening，waiting to agree on whatever decision is reached.Many times，I simply stayed quiet and agreed，even when I really didn’t like the plans at all.And bitterness surged when I was asked to deal with what I didn’t want. 4 Even sometimes you have to shout so as to be heard. Without any doubt，it’s difficult to go against the nature that you tend to please everyone around you. 5 It’s the same with me.The best part is we get the grace of a new day to try all over again. A．Say sorry actively. B．Apologize properly. C．It seems common to agree to everything. D．Chances are that you’ll fail into old patterns midway. E．What counts much is to change some of your daily habits. F．Saying no is always the first choice for many people to make. G．Learn to use your voice bravely if you’d like to overcome people-pleasing. 1．答案　E 解析　根据空后“Here are some tips one can follow.”及下文各段落小标题可知，下文介绍改变“讨好型人格”的方法，E选项“重要的是改变你的一些日常习惯”表示要改变一些习惯，从而改变“讨好型人格”，引出下文。故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　空处为本段小标题，下文“However，before words of apology trip from your lips，stop and look at the situation.Apologize sincerely and timely on condition that it’s really your fault.Otherwise just let it go.”表明在道歉之前要搞清楚情况，如果真是自己的错误再道歉，B选项“适当道歉”可以概括本段主旨。故选B。 3．答案　C 解析　根据下文“Indeed，getting over people-pleasing requires people to understand that you can say no and mean it.”并结合本段小标题可知，此处表示要勇敢拒绝，C选项“一切都同意似乎很常见”表示同意是常见的，与下文形成对比，同时引出下文的观点，适合作为段首句。故选C。 4．答案　G 解析　上文指出作者很多时候保持沉默甚至接受自己不喜欢的计划，但是内心痛苦，下文“Even sometimes you have to shout so as to be heard.”表明更进一步表明自己的想法，故空处表示应说出自己的想法，G选项“如果你想克服取悦别人的缺点，就要学会勇敢地使用自己发表意见的权利”承上启下，符合主旨。故选G。 5．答案　D 解析　上文表示改变习惯是困难的，下文“It’s the same with me.The best part is we get the grace of a new day to try all over again.”表示作者也是一样的，但是可以不停尝试，D选项“很有可能你会中途陷入旧的模式”符合上文“改变天性是困难的”这一观点，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) KV Priyesh，a fisherman,1. (live) in Kerala’s Kozhikode District，was increasingly disturbed by the amount of plastic waste that would get 2. (trap) in his fishing nets，every time he went out to the sea. While out on his boat in Chombala Harbor in Kerala，India，KV Priyesh noticed that his nets would pull in just as much plastic waste as they would fish.This was not only counterproductive，but it was also 3. (deep) disturbing. “The sea is my home，”4. 30-year-old fisherman told The Better India.“How would you feel if everyone is trashing your home and there is so much garbage 5. you can’t breathe? That is perhaps how the 6. (creature) in the ocean feel.While most people think that the waste can 7. (find) largely along the shores，the reality is that one can find it in the deep parts of the ocean as well，” he said.“It’s not just tourists cruising on ferries；even fishermen are 8. (guilt) of throwing plastic bottles that they carry with them to the sea.” Over time，Priyesh began collecting plastic waste each night 9. teamed up with a local businessman who owns a plastic shredder(破碎机)．They estimate that they 10. (collect) 13.5 metric tons of plastic over the years，and their efforts have been recognized by community members. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了住在喀拉拉邦科泽科德区的30岁渔民KV Priyesh每次出海时都会被渔网中的塑料垃圾所困扰，然后他开始和朋友一起捡垃圾的故事。 1．答案　living 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语a fisherman与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。 2．答案　trapped 解析　考查非谓语动词。get trapped in...“被困在……里面”。故填trapped。 3．答案　deeply 解析　考查副词。此处用副词deeply“非常，极其”修饰形容词disturbing。故填deeply。 4．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。“30-year-old fisherman”就是指上文提到的 KV Priyesh，表示特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 5．答案　that 解析　考查状语从句。此处是 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 6．答案　creatures 解析　考查名词的数。海洋里的生物有很多，应用复数形式，后面的动词原形feel也是提示。故填creatures。 7．答案　be found 解析　考查被动语态。the waste 和 find 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be found。 8．答案　guilty 解析　考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，be guilty of“对……应负责任”。故填guilty。 9．答案　and 解析　考查连词。此处用and连接两个并列的谓语began和teamed up with。故填and。 10．答案　have collected 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 over the years 可判断此处应用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have collected。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$