Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．diamond n．钻石 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．outline vt.概述，略述 n．概述；轮廓线，略图 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 5．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 6．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 7．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 8．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 9．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 10．superb adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 11．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 12．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 13．sew vi.& vt.(sewed，sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上 14．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 15．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 16．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 17．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 18．integrity n．诚实正直；完整，完好 19．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 20．garbage n．垃圾；废话 21．bonus n．意外收获；奖金，红利 22．sow vt.& vi.(sowed，sown)播种，种 23．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 24．tear down 拆毁，拆除 25．make one’s fortune 发财 26．lose contact 失去联系 27．arm in arm 臂挽着臂 28．under arrest 被逮捕 29．at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置，对……无能为力 30．weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才→bare adj.裸露的；光秃秃的；荒芜的；没有保护的；仅够的；最基本的 2．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.约定；任命→appointed adj.指定的；约定的 3．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 4．bless vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福→blessing n．幸事；祝福；许可 5．wire vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n．金属丝；电线；铁丝网→wiring n．(供电)线路 6．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的→crime n．犯罪活动；不法行为；罪 7．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n．无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 8．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legally adv.法律上，合法地→illegally adv.违法地，非法地 9．socialist adj.社会主义的 n．社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会→socialism n．社会主义→socialize/socialise vi.交往 vt.使适应社会 10．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术→photograph n．照片；相片；幻灯片 vt.给……拍照 11．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 12．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 13．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕 14．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 15．mercy n．宽恕，仁慈→merciful adj.仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 16．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 17．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.使人灰心的，使人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁→discouragement n．泄气，灰心 18．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 19．quote n．引语 vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明→quotation n．引语；引文 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．He was sitting alone，smoking a big cigar.雪茄烟 2．In addition，a hero must be optimistic and diligent and keen on his hard work.热衷于 3．When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw almost dropped to the ground.下巴 4．The scar on my hand was so clear that it brought me back to my childhood.伤疤 5．“Katherine，you needn’t be so loud，”my mother criticized.I pretended not to notice John cocking his eyebrow.眉毛 6．To congratulate me on my tremendous progress in spoken English，he presented me with a superb scarfpin.围巾夹 7．He turned up the collar of his coat and hurried out into the rain.衣领 8．It suddenly came to me that my tins of cola were lying on the ground，about an inch away from me.英寸 9．The authorities will be legally bound to arrest any suspects.逮捕 10. The burden grew heavier in her heart and she lost her appetite，and got paler and paler.负担 11．Mark，a decent geophysicist，has virtues such as integrity，dignity and honesty. 地球物理学家 12．Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.核心 13．We assigned a few student representatives to head for the ward to visit our sick headmaster. 病房 14．She was sitting in an armchair with a blanket wrapped around her.裹 15．When the parcel arrived，the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted.包裹 16．Ashamed and embarrassed，he bowed his head，staring at the ground.低(头) 17．My reliable nephew’s heartwarming words eventually melted away my sadness from within. 侄子，外甥 18．You can be so easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have.停下 19．Access to education is an essential part of one’s privilege regardless of one’s gender，culture，and family background.特权 20．The moment my son emerged at the airport，I rushed forward，embraced him and patted him on the back.拥抱 21．Under the guidance of these specialists，the investigation has entered a new phase.阶段 22．My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.使固定 23．Likewise，if you want to find a job，take a sheet of paper，and write a brief account of yourself.同样地 24．Excited children rushed to the sea and began to search for starfish.海星 25．How they did rejoice and dance about and kiss each other！非常高兴 appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务[appoint vt.约定，指定(时间、地点等)；任命，委任appointed adj.约定的；指定的] •make/have an appointment with sb与某人约定 keep/break an appointment守/失约 •appoint sb(as/to be)...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 (1)Mary had made an appointment with me to meet at the shopping center，but she failed to keep the appointment(appoint)． [写作佳句] (2)我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。 I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities for that day. (3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。 Learning that you have been appointed(as/to be) chairman of the Student Council，I sincerely congratulate you. (4)(应用文写作之道歉信)非常抱歉，因为一些紧急的事情，我不能赴约了。如果可能的话，我可以和您约在下周日上午9点。请接受我衷心的道歉。 I am terribly sorry that I can’t keep an appointment due to some urgent matters.If possible，I can make an appointment with you at 9 am next Sunday.Please accept my heartfelt apology. reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的(rely vi.依靠；依赖 reliability n．可靠性) rely on/upon...to do/doing...依赖……做…… rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信…… (1)Our company provides reliable(rely) products and efficient technical support service for all customers. [写作佳句] (2)你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮助你。 You can rely on/upon me to help you/rely on/upon me helping you/rely on/upon it that I can help you when you are in trouble. arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 •under arrest 被逮捕 •arrest sb for sth 因某事逮捕某人 arrest one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 (1)The news astonished me that my neighbour，an innocent man，was arrested for spreading rumors. (2)With the help of the old man，the criminals were put under arrest. [写作佳句] (3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，所以我蹑手蹑脚地走进挤奶房，却发现一只蜂鸟正拼命地想逃跑。 A noise at a window arrested my attention，so I tiptoed into the milking house，only to find that a hummingbird was desperately trying to escape. resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使屈服 resign from从……辞职 resign as辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth听任；顺从；只好接受(做)某事 (1)Learning that the reliable man had resigned from his position as manager，we were so shocked that our mouths fell open. [写作佳句] (2)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)我生病的伙伴拍着我的肩膀说：“只有你不向困难屈服，你才能把我们的项目做得很好。” My sick partner patted me on the shoulder，saying，“Only if you don’t resign yourself to difficulties can you conduct our project perfectly.” ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的) •be ashamed of...为……感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 •It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。 What a shame/pity！真遗憾！ (1)He was ashamed of not finishing his task before the deadline.In his opinion，it was a shame that he didn’t finish his plan，so he felt discouraged. (2)It is shameful(shame) to break school principles，or to make little efforts to make progress. [写作佳句] (3)真遗憾你错过了这个绝佳的机会。我因没有早点通知你而羞愧。 It is a shame that you have missed such a golden opportunity.I am ashamed to have failed to inform you earlier. forgive v．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) (forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕) 原谅某人(做)某事 forgive and forget不念旧恶 (1)My nephew never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness(forgive) after offending others. [写作佳句] (2)当你向我寻求指导时，我没有帮助你，我永远不会原谅自己。 I shall never forgive myself for failing to help you/forgive my failing to help you when you asked me for guidance. (3)众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。 As is known to all，it’s a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society. disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappointment n．[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappoint v．使失望) •be disappointed at/by/in/with...对……失望 be disappointed to do...因做……而失望 •to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 (1)I was disappointed to find(find) that little Tom had cheated in the exam，which was disappointing(disappoint)． [写作佳句] (2)让我失望的是，我表弟作为嫌疑人被逮捕了。 ①To my disappointment，my cousin was arrested as a suspect. ②That my cousin was arrested as a suspect disappointed me/made me disappointed. ③What disappointed me was that my cousin was arrested as a suspect. (3)(读后续写之心理描写)当小狗走开的时候，我注意到黛安娜的脸沉了下来，她的眼睛里流露出悲伤和失望的神情。 As the puppy walked away，I noticed Diana’s face fall and her eyes take on a sad and disappointed look. pretend v．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 pretend (1)His nephew pretended to be studying(study) hard when he came in. (2)The criminal pretended to be(be) an innocent witness when the police got to the spot. (3)The photographer pretended to have mademake his fortune while being interviewed. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之建议信)当在学习中遇到困难时，我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。 When faced with difficulties in learning，we should have a good attitude.Don’t pretend to know what you don’t know. (5)(读后续写之心理描写)当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这使我很沮丧，泪水模糊了我的眼睛。(宾语从句) She pretended (that) she didn’t know me when we met in the street，which made me so discouraged that tears blurred my eyes. privilege n．荣幸；特殊利益 vt.给予特权，特别优待 (privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的) •have the privilege to do sth/of doing sth 有幸做某事 It is a privilege (for sb ) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸。 •be/feel privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的 (1)It is a privilege for me to have been invited to join the club and enjoy all the privileges(privilege) of club membership. (2)We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege to enter(enter) the ward freely. [写作佳句] (3)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。 ①I have the privilege to stand/of standing here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(n.) ②It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(it) ③I am/feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(adj.) mercy n．仁慈，宽恕(merciful adj.仁慈的，怜悯的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的) at the mercy of任……处置，对……无能为力 have mercy on sb＝show mercy to sb怜悯某人 without mercy毫不留情地 (1)Whether Tom will get the bonus is at the mercy of his boss. (2)The leader is such a merciful(mercy) man and always has mercy on those poor people but sometimes he can be merciless(mercy) to bad persons. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之场景描写)午间酷热的阳光无情地蒸烤着他们，但他们并没有放弃。 The blistering noonday sun beat down on them without mercy but they didn’t give up. arm in arm 臂挽着臂 hand in hand手牵手 face to face面对面 back to back背靠背 shoulder to shoulder＝side by side肩并肩 eyes to eyes四目相对 heart to heart心贴心 step by step一步一步地 [写作佳句] (1)消防队员受了重伤，与同伴失去了联系，他挣扎着站起来，一步一步地向出口走去。 The firefighter，severely injured and losing contact with his fellows，struggled to his feet and walked towards the exit step by step. (2)(话题写作之环境保护)只有我们大家携手合作，共同对抗空气污染，我们才能有一个更好的环境。 Only when all of us join hand in hand to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment. (3)(读后续写之场景描写)看着这对老夫妇臂挽着臂沿着海滩散步，我感到很幸福。 Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. (4)(读后续写之心理描写)他内疚而羞愧地走进老师的办公室，当面恳求原谅。 Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher’s office to beg for forgiveness face to face. (5)(读后续写之场景描写)他的两个侄子正在街上肩并肩地走着，突然一辆汽车朝他们猛地冲了过来。 His two nephews were walking in the street shoulder to shoulder/side by side when a car ran violently towards them. 高考热点微练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A．vt.给(某人)打电报　B．vt.接通(电源)　C．n.金属丝；电线 1．Don’t touch that wire or you’ll get a shock. C 2．He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time. A 3．As soon as the equipment is wired up，you can use it. B A．adj.热衷的，渴望的　B．adj.喜爱，对……有兴趣　C．adj.灵敏的；敏锐的 4．As is known to all，dogs have a keen sense of smell. C 5．Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you in detail. B 6．Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．They failed to arrest the company’s decline.阻止 2．The engine of this new machine sounds a bit suspect.有问题的，运转不好的 3．To my upset，he was talking a lot of garbage about the topic.废话 4．The land was parceled out into small lots.把某物分开 训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：72.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Barely(刚好) had I started speaking when he interrupted me. 2．Pilcher was suspected(怀疑) of giving away government secrets to the enemy. 3．John had a guilty(感到惭愧的) look on his face when he was arrested by the police. 4．The humble specialist paused(暂停) on purpose during his speech so that we could reflect on what he had said. 5．To tell the truth，I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my heart as he liked finding fault(缺点) with others. 6．He often conflicted with his colleagues，so he decided on resigning from his job. 7．Finally，he forgave me for breaking our appointment and I was wild with excitement. 8．It is worthwhile to buy the reference book，because it is a great help for your study. 9．My nephew felt ashamed that he had cheated in the exam，promising to be honest in the future. 10．The player was wrapping a clean cloth tightly around his teammate’s cut when the doctors arrived. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．The boy pretended to be reading(read) when his teacher came in. 2．During the special phase，the responsibilities weigh heavily on him. 3．Every morning my friend and I walk down the street to school arm in arm. 4．I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to tell you how to relieve our heavy study burdens. 5．China’s development is a blessing(bless) and incredible opportunity to the whole world. 6．Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature，especially inconsistent rainfall. 7．The man with a broad jaw and a wrinkled forehead was busy harvesting(harvest) his crops. 8．The criminal didn’t have any time to react before the police stormed in and placed him under arrest. 9．Even though the teacher insisted that they were very special ants，Rita couldn’t help feeling disappointed(disappoint)． 10．Aware of my discouragement and sadness，my reliable(rely) friend did whatever he could to discourage me from giving up. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Ask the new artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds.That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text. The decision by the largest U．S. school district to restrict the ChatGPT website on school devices and networks could have chain reaction on other schools，and teachers rushing to figure out how to prevent cheating.The creators of ChatGPT say they’re also looking for ways to detect misuse. ChatGPT launched on Nov.30 is developed by OpenAI，which has a close relationship with Microsoft.It’s part of a new generation of AI systems that can converse，generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they’ve learned from a vast database of digital books，online writings and other media. The ChatGPT tool is available for free to anyone with an Internet connection and designed to be more user-friendly.It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Millions of people have played with it over the past month，using it to write silly poems or songs，to try to trick it into making mistakes，or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email.All of those things are also helping it get smarter. “To determine if something was written by a human or an AI，you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions，check for inconsistency in writing style，and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases.These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.” That’s what ChatGPT told an AP reporter when asked how to tell the difference. “We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else，so we’re already developing measures to help anyone identify text generated by that system，” the company said. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及识别ChatGP生成物的方法。 1．Why does the New York school say no to ChatGPT? A．It has chain reaction on other schools. B．Many students use it to write term papers. C．It can write a convincing term paper quickly. D．It is raising tough questions about education. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“...you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds.That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool...”可知，纽约商学院拒绝ChatGPT是因为它能很快写出一篇令人信服的学期论文。故选C。 2．How does ChatGPT get smarter? A．By making mistakes. B．By interacting with humans. C．By writing e-mails on its own. D．By using advanced technologies. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...All of those things are also helping it get smarter.”可知，ChatGPT通过与人类互动变得更智能。故选B。 3．What is ChatGPT unable to do? A．Generate readable text on demand. B．Talk with people. C．Write in consistent writing style. D．Use filler words to write. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To determine if something was written by a human or an AI，you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions，check for inconsistency in writing style，and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases.These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.”可知，ChatGPT的写作不具有连贯性。故选C。 4．Which is the most suitable title for this text? A．ChatGPT：a Writing Tool Being Restricted in School B．ChatGPT：an Impressive and Universal Writing Tool C．ChatGPT：a Generative and Perfectly Logical Writing Tool D．ChatGPT：a Misused Writing Tool Being Welcome Everywhere 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及识别ChatGPT生成物的方法。故A选项“ChatGPT：一种在学校受到限制的书写工具”最适合作文章标题。故选A。 B Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty.You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates，and to a certain extent it is.But companies themselves are prone(有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating. Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants.When it comes to writing the résumé(简历)，they tend to massage(美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens. But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history. Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like. Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why.So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。 5.Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To present a rule. B．To clarify a fact. C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a phenomenon. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，第二段中提到leader和enthusiast是为了解释一种现象，即求职者在写简历时往往会美化现实，故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Overstate. B．Overturn. C．Overlook. D．Overestimate. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“as well as applicants”以及后文内容可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。 7．What are job previews expected to be like according to paragraph 4? A．They should show a position as it is. B．They should be made either in text or video. C．They should be favorable for bigger firms. D．They should mainly contain negatives of a job. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring. C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A wrestle between applicants and companies. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) In life，we make many decisions that define who we truly are.It feels really good to live with integrity，once we master this quality，both our career and lives can develop better. What is the meaning of integrity? Integrity means living your life according to your own morals and ethics(道德标准)． 1 Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life. Here are some of the ways to develop and preserve integrity! Define Your Values Clearly The first step to developing your integrity is to define your values.Every person has a set of values that they live by.You must acknowledge them as you go further in life. 2 Analyze Each and Every Choice 3 Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what.Some seemingly right decisions that we make in life could be disastrous for some.Honesty and integrity aren’t something that you must practice when it is convenient for you.You must always be like that whatever the circumstances are. Apply Your Ethics in the World 4 We learn so many great things in childhood，some of which are habits that we follow for our whole life.Practicing integrity is just like that，you would just be practicing your everyday life but with more analysis. Having integrity also means more than being consistent. 5 We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties.We must find the courage within ourselves to face all the difficulties in life，only then will we become successful. A．Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable. B．Always remember that your choices define you ultimately. C．Sometimes we need to decide what we want to achieve in life. D．There are circumstances when right and wrong are very apparent. E．To have integrity，you must clearly know what is right and wrong. F．Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life. G．No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些培养和保持正直的方法。 1．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Alongside that，you must also know what the purpose of your life is，and what you intend to do with your life.”可知，你还必须要知道生活的目的以及如何过自己的生活，即对设空处的补充。E选项指出要想拥有正直的品格，你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错。下文中that指代“你必须清楚地知道什么是对，什么是错”的事实。故E选项引起下文，符合语境。故选E。 2．答案　G 解析　本段主旨“Define Your Values Clearly”强调的是培养和保持正直的重要方法是要明确自己的价值观。G选项“No matter what happens，you will never go against your core values.”中的core values与本段主旨呼应。故选G。 3．答案　B 解析　根据本段主旨“Analyze Each and Every Choice”以及下文“Practicing integrity means making the right decision no matter what.”可知此处强调要坚持自己的选择。B选项“Always remember that your choices define you ultimately.”引起下文，强调坚持自己的选择，同时也与该段落主旨呼应。故选B。 4．答案　F 解析　根据本段主旨“Apply Your Ethics in the World”可知，本段主要讲述的是在生活中运用自己的道德观。F选项“Always find ways to apply your ethics and morals in everyday life.”与本段主旨呼应。故选F。 5．答案　A 解析　根据下文“We must not always do what comes naturally to us because it is our nature to shy away from difficulties.”可知，我们不能总是随遇而安，因为畏难是人类的天性，故而可推测设空处应提到我们需要敢于面对困难。A选项“Sometimes we have to face the unavoidable.”符合语境。故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) For centuries globalization was largely shaped by sea.While Western maritime nations rapidly developed through colonial expansion，landlocked nations 1. (trap) in a cycle of exploitation(剥削) and poverty. Over the past decade，a transformative initiative 2. (begin) to break this cycle.That is the Belt and Road Initiative，established in 2013.According to the World Bank，the Belt and Road Initiative could reduce global trade costs 3. as much as 1.8 percent. There are now 86 freight(货运) train lines in China that are linked to more than 200 cities in 25 European countries and regions and more than 100 cities in Asia,4. (cover) almost the entire landmass of Eurasia. Nigeria now has its first modern deep seaport Lekki，which is forecast 5. (create) nearly 170,000 jobs and generate income of $361 billion over the next 45 years.The Belt and Road Initiative has attracted the 6. (participate) of more than three quarters of countries 7. (global)，created 420,000 local jobs 8. lifted nearly 40 million people out of poverty. It should not be forgotten 9. China’s role in developing infrastructure in less well-off countries is something their Western colonial masters never did.And that help comes with no strings 10. (attach)．For China，everything these countries gain from its help is a gain for the world. 1．答案　were trapped 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语landlocked nations和trap之间是逻辑动宾关系，用被动语态，由从句谓语动词developed是过去式可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语是复数，因此be动词用were。故填were trapped。 2．答案　has begun 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语initiative是单数，助动词用has。故填has begun。 3．答案　by 解析　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“将全球贸易成本降低1.8%”，reduce by...意为“降低多少”。故填by。 4．答案　covering 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处用非谓语动词，主句和cover之间是逻辑主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填covering。 5．答案　to create 解析　考查不定式。be forecast to do sth意为“被预测做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to create作主语补足语。故填to create。 6．答案　participation 解析　考查名词。空格处用名词作宾语，此处表示“‘一带一路’倡议吸引了全球超过四分之三的国家参与”，空格处意为“参与”，名词是participation，是不可数名词，故填participation。 7．答案　globally 解析　考查副词。空格处用副词作状语，表示“在全球范围内”，故填globally。 8．答案　and 解析　考查连词。has attracted，created和lifted之间是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。 9．答案　that 解析　考查主语从句。It是形式主语，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that，故填that。 10．答案　attached 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语strings和attach之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填attached。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅰ Unit 1 Vocabulary Honesty and responsibility Part 1　基础词汇过关 Part 2　核心词汇突破 Part 3　高考热点微练 词汇过关 基础 3 1. n.钻石 2. adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的， 令人愉快的 3. vt.概述，略述 n.概述；轮廓线，略图 4. vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 5. adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 Ⅰ.写重点词汇 diamond worthwhile outline suspect anyhow 6. n.道德原则；法则；信条 7. adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 8. vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 9. n.矿物，矿物质 10. adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 11. vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 12. n.皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 principle decent resign mineral superb cheat wrinkle 13. vi.& vt.( ， )缝，做针线活；缝上 14. vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 15. n.最后期限，截止日期 16. n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点 17. n.美德；正直的品性；优点 18. n.诚实正直；完整，完好 19. adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的； 生物的 sew sewed sewn pretend deadline fault virtue integrity organic 20. n.垃圾；废话 21. n.意外收获；奖金，红利 22. vt.& vi.( ， )播种，种 23. n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 24. 拆毁，拆除 25. 发财 26. 失去联系 garbage bonus sow sowed sown harvest tear down make one’s fortune lose contact 27. 臂挽着臂 28. 被逮捕 29. 任……处置，对……无能为力 30. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 arm in arm under arrest at the mercy of sb/sth weigh on sb/sth 1.barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 → adj.裸露的；光秃秃的；荒芜的；没有保护的； 仅够的；最基本的 2.appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务 → vt.约定；任命 →appointed adj.指定的；约定的 3.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 → vi.依靠；依赖 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 bare appoint rely 4. vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福 →blessing n.幸事；祝福；许可 5. vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 →wiring n.(供电)线路 6.criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 → n.犯罪活动；不法行为；罪 bless wire crime 7. adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n.无辜者，单纯的人 →innocence n.天真；清白 8. adj.合法的；法律的 →illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 →legally adv.法律上，合法地 →illegally adv.违法地，非法地 innocent legal 9.socialist adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者 →social adj.社会的；社交的 → n.社会 →socialism n.社会主义 →socialize/socialise vi.交往 vt.使适应社会 society 10.photographer n.摄影师，拍照者 →photography n.摄影；摄影术 → n.照片；相片；幻灯片 vt.给……拍照 11.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 → n.内疚；犯罪；有罪 photograph guilt 12.ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 → n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 →shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 →shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 13. vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) →forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 shame forgive 14.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 → vt.使失望，使沮丧 →disappointing adj.令人失望的 →disappointment n.失望，沮丧 15. n.宽恕，仁慈 →merciful adj.仁慈的 →merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 16.guidance n.指导；导航 → vt.带领；引导 n.向导 disappoint mercy guide 17.discouraged adj.灰心的 →discouraging adj.使人灰心的，使人泄气的 → vt.阻止，使气馁 →discouragement n.泄气，灰心 18.saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金 → vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 19. n.引语 vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明 →quotation n.引语；引文 discourage save quote 1.He was sitting alone，smoking a big cigar. Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 雪茄烟 2.In addition，a hero must be optimistic and diligent and keen on his hard work. 热衷于 3.When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw almost dropped to the ground. 下巴 5.“Katherine，you needn’t be so loud，”my mother criticized.I pretended not to notice John cocking his eyebrow. 眉毛 4.The scar on my hand was so clear that it brought me back to my childhood. 伤疤 6.To congratulate me on my tremendous progress in spoken English，he presented me with a superb scarfpin. 围巾夹 7.He turned up the collar of his coat and hurried out into the rain. 衣领 8.It suddenly came to me that my tins of cola were lying on the ground，about an inch away from me. 英寸 9.The authorities will be legally bound to arrest any suspects. 逮捕 10. The burden grew heavier in her heart and she lost her appetite，and got paler and paler. 负担 11.Mark，a decent geophysicist，has virtues such as integrity，dignity and honesty. 地球物理学家 12.Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. 核心 13.We assigned a few student representatives to head for the ward to visit our sick headmaster. 病房 14.She was sitting in an armchair with a blanket wrapped around her. 裹 15.When the parcel arrived，the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. 包裹 16.Ashamed and embarrassed，he bowed his head，staring at the ground. 低(头) 17.My reliable nephew’s heartwarming words eventually melted away my sadness from within. 侄子，外甥 18.You can be so easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. 停下 19.Access to education is an essential part of one’s privilege regardless of one’s gender，culture，and family background. 特权 20.The moment my son emerged at the airport，I rushed forward，embraced him and patted him on the back. 拥抱 21.Under the guidance of these specialists，the investigation has entered a new phase. 阶段 22.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. 使固定 23.Likewise，if you want to find a job，take a sheet of paper，and write a brief account of yourself. 同样地 24.Excited children rushed to the sea and began to search for starfish. 海星 25.How they did rejoice and dance about and kiss each other！ 非常高兴 返 回 词汇突破 核心 25 n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务[appoint vt.约定，指定(时间、地点等)；任命，委任appointed adj.约定的；指定的] 1 • make/have an appointment with sb与某人约定 keep/break an appointment守/失约 •appoint sb(as/to be)...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 appointment (1)Mary had made appointment me to meet at the shopping center，but she failed to keep the (appoint). an with appointment (2)我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。 I arranging all the activities for that day. (3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。 Learning that you of the Student Council，I sincerely congratulate you. 写作佳句 was appointed to take charge of have been appointed(as/to be) chairman (4)(应用文写作之道歉信)非常抱歉，因为一些紧急的事情，我不能赴约了。如果可能的话，我可以和您约在下周日上午9点。请接受我衷心的道歉。 I am terribly sorry that I can’t due to some urgent matters.If possible，I can _____________________ _________ at 9 am next Sunday.Please accept my heartfelt apology. 写作佳句 keep an appointment make an appointment with you adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 (rely vi.依靠；依赖 reliability n.可靠性) 2 reliable rely on/upon...to do/doing...依赖……做…… rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信…… (1)Our company provides (rely) products and efficient technical support service for all customers. reliable (2)你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮助你。 You can ______________________________________________ __________________________________ when you are in trouble. 写作佳句 rely on/upon me to help you/rely on/upon me helping you/rely on/upon it that I can help you • under arrest 被逮捕 • arrest sb for sth 因某事逮捕某人 　arrest one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 (1)The news astonished me that my neighbour，an innocent man，was arrested spreading rumors. (2)With the help of the old man，the criminals were put arrest. n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕 arrest 3 for under 31 (3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，所以我蹑手蹑脚地走进挤奶房，却发现一只蜂鸟正拼命地想逃跑。 A noise at a window ，so I tiptoed into the milking house，only to find that a hummingbird was desperately trying to escape. 写作佳句 arrested my attention resign from从……辞职 resign as辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth听任；顺从；只好接受(做)某事 (1)Learning that the reliable man had resigned his position ____ manager，we were so shocked that our mouths fell open. vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使屈服 resign 4 from as (2)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)我生病的伙伴拍着我的肩膀说：“只有你不向困难屈服，你才能把我们的项目做得很好。” My sick partner patted me on the shoulder，saying，“Only if ____________________________________ can you conduct our project perfectly.” 写作佳句 you don’t resign yourself to difficulties • be ashamed of...为……感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 • It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。 What a shame/pity！真遗憾！ adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (shame n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的) ashamed 5 (1)He was ashamed not finishing his task before the deadline.In his opinion，it was shame that he didn’t finish his plan，so he felt discouraged. (2)It is (shame) to break school principles，or to make little efforts to make progress. of a shameful (3)真遗憾你错过了这个绝佳的机会。我因没有早点通知你而羞愧。 ______________ that you have missed such a golden opportunity. I _____________________________________________. 写作佳句 It is a shame am ashamed to have failed to inform you earlier forgive sb sth forgive sb for doing sth forgive sb’s doing sth v.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) (forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕) forgive 6 原谅某人(做)某事 forgive and forget不念旧恶 (1)My nephew never admitted his guilt or asked for (forgive) after offending others. forgiveness (2)当你向我寻求指导时，我没有帮助你，我永远不会原谅自己。 I shall never ___________________________________________ __________________ when you asked me for guidance. (3)众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。 As is known to all，it’s a virtue ，especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 写作佳句 forgive myself for failing to help you/forgive my failing to help you to forgive and forget • be disappointed at/by/in/with...对……失望 be disappointed to do...因做……而失望 • to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 (1)I was disappointed (find) that little Tom had cheated in the exam，which was (disappoint). adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappointment n.[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappoint v.使失望) disappointed 7 to find disappointing (2)让我失望的是，我表弟作为嫌疑人被逮捕了。 ① ，my cousin was arrested as a suspect. ②That my cousin was arrested as a suspect __________________ ______________________. ③ that my cousin was arrested as a suspect. 写作佳句 To my disappointment disappointed me/ made me disappointed What disappointed me was (3)(读后续写之心理描写)当小狗走开的时候，我注意到黛安娜的脸沉了下来，她的眼睛里流露出悲伤和失望的神情。 As the puppy walked away，I noticed Diana’s face fall and her eyes take on . 写作佳句 a sad and disappointed look pretend v.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 pretend 8 to be＋n./adj.假装是…… to do sth假装做某事 to be doing sth假装正在做某事 to have done sth假装已经做过某事 that...假装…… (1)His nephew pretended (study) hard when he came in. (2)The criminal pretended (be) an innocent witness when the police got to the spot. (3)The photographer pretended (make) his fortune while being interviewed. to be studying to be to have made (4)(应用文写作之建议信)当在学习中遇到困难时，我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。 When faced with difficulties in learning，we should have a good attitude. . (5)(读后续写之心理描写)当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这使我很沮丧，泪水模糊了我的眼睛。(宾语从句) She when we met in the street，which made me so discouraged that tears blurred my eyes. 写作佳句 Don’t pretend to know what you don’t know pretended (that) she didn’t know me • have the privilege to do sth/of doing sth 有幸做某事 It is a privilege (for sb ) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸。 • be/feel privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的 9 privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益 vt.给予特权，特别优待 (privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的) (1) is a privilege for me to have been invited to join the club and enjoy all the (privilege) of club membership. (2)We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege (enter) the ward freely. It privileges to enter (3)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。 ① to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(n.) ② to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(it) ③ to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(adj.) I have the privilege to stand/of standing here It is a privilege for me to stand here I am/feel privileged to stand here at the mercy of任……处置，对……无能为力 have mercy on sb＝show mercy to sb怜悯某人 without mercy毫不留情地 mercy 10 n.仁慈，宽恕(merciful adj.仁慈的，怜悯的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的) (1)Whether Tom will get the bonus is the mercy of his boss. (2)The leader is such a (mercy) man and always has mercy _____ those poor people but sometimes he can be (mercy) to bad persons. at merciful on merciless (3)(读后续写之场景描写)午间酷热的阳光无情地蒸烤着他们，但他们并没有放弃。 The blistering noonday sun beat down on them _______________ but they didn’t give up. 写作佳句 without mercy hand in hand手牵手 face to face面对面 back to back背靠背 shoulder to shoulder＝side by side肩并肩 eyes to eyes四目相对 heart to heart心贴心 step by step一步一步地 arm in arm 11 臂挽着臂 (1)消防队员受了重伤，与同伴失去了联系，他挣扎着站起来，一步一步地向出口走去。 The firefighter，severely injured and losing contact with his fellows，struggled to his feet and __________________________ _________. 写作佳句 walked towards the exit step by step (2)(话题写作之环境保护)只有我们大家携手合作，共同对抗空气污染，我们才能有一个更好的环境。 _______________________________________________________ __________ can we have a better environment. (3)(读后续写之场景描写)看着这对老夫妇臂挽着臂沿着海滩散步，我感到很幸福。 _______________________________________________________ gives me a sense of happiness. 写作佳句 Only when all of us join hand in hand to fight against air pollution Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm (4)(读后续写之心理描写)他内疚而羞愧地走进老师的办公室，当面恳求原谅。 Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher’s office to _____ __________________________. (5)(读后续写之场景描写)他的两个侄子正在街上肩并肩地走着，突然一辆汽车朝他们猛地冲了过来。 His two nephews _______________________________________ _________________________ a car ran violently towards them. 写作佳句 返 回 beg for forgiveness face to face were walking in the street shoulder to shoulder/side by side when 热点微练 高考 54 1.Don’t touch that wire or you’ll get a shock. 2.He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time. 3.As soon as the equipment is wired up，you can use it. Ⅰ.一词多义 ____ ____ ____ A C B A.vt.给(某人)打电报　B.vt.接通(电源)　C.n.金属丝；电线 4.As is known to all，dogs have a keen sense of smell. 5.Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you in detail. 6.Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination. ____ ____ ____ B C A A.adj.热衷的，渴望的　B.adj.喜爱，对……有兴趣　C.adj.灵敏的；敏锐的 1.They failed to arrest the company’s decline. 2.The engine of this new machine sounds a bit suspect. 3.To my upset，he was talking a lot of garbage about the topic. 4.The land was parceled out into small lots. Ⅱ.熟词生义 _____ _____________________ ______ ____________ 阻止 有问题的，运转不好的 废话 把某物分开 返 回 本课结束 $$