Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 培优提能练(一)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（译林版2020）

训练7　培优提能练(一)　[分值：86.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Our precious ones! How amusing their childish faux pas(失言) can be.Once my baby son was in the bath，the soap fell into the bath water.“Oh，its fa’en in the water，” he said.“Fallen，darling，” I said，emphasizing the double “L”．He thought for a moment，saying，“Fallen 20 blackbirds？” Oh，yes，he knew his nursery rhymes all right! Yet often they can be the cause of a red face，and parents can be unknowingly embarrassed.My son once spotted a small sculpture of John Wesley in a museum and gave a delighted cry—“Oh look，Doctor Who！” This was in the days of the first Doctor，played by William Hartnell，whose hair was in a similar style to that of John Wesley. My reddest face by far occurred on the L8 bus.My six-year-old son and I were sitting on the upper deck front seat.As the bus passed a prison，my son stood up and faced the full upper deck，saying most proudly “My grandpa’s been in there！” much to the surprise of the passengers.Well，they weren’t to know that it wasn’t as a prisoner，were they? My face was redder than red as I hurriedly murmured(咕哝) to my nearest passenger that it was as a visitor.My son had earlier overheard that my father-in-law would be sent to the prison on business. Yes，they can let you down，can’t they? And yet，getting it wrong is such fun and the right word is so quickly learned! Children’s faux pas are so amusing; they just say as they think they heard.Years later，incidents like this can be remembered with great amusement by the family，and after all，it is all part of growing up and so innocently(天真地) voiced. I’m certain most parents can recall sayings like this，and I would strongly suggest that parents with young children get a notebook and write them down there and then.Most of the sayings from my young son are now gone forever.I wish I had recorded them at the time they came up—red face and all! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆儿子一些失礼无邪的话语令其尴尬的故事。 1．Why did the author feel awkward on the bus? A．Her family’s secret was given away. B．The passengers were frightened by the boy. C．Her son hadn’t known what his grandpa was. D．Her son’s grandpa would be mistaken as a prisoner. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者在公共汽车上感到尴尬，是因为她儿子的爷爷会被误认为是囚犯。故选D。 2．What is the value of children’s faux pas? A．They are part of growth. B．They bring laugh to children. C．They show children’s honesty. D．They help to tell right from wrong. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“it is all part of growing up and so innocently(天真地) voiced”可知，孩子失礼的话语是成长的一部分。故选A。 3．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．All children are sure to have their faux pas. B．It’s common for parents to ignore their children’s words. C．The author remains embarrassed about her son’s faux pas. D．The author failed to record all her son’s innocent sayings timely. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Most of the sayings from my young son are now gone forever.I wish I had recorded them at the time they came up—red face and all！”可推知，作者没有把儿子全部天真无邪的言语及时记录下来。故选D。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Learn from Mistakes B．Parents and White Lies C．Children and Red Faces D．Escape from Embarrassment 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是前三段可知，本文主要讲述了作者回忆儿子一些失礼无邪的话语令其尴尬的故事。“Children”和“Red Faces”为全文的两个核心词。故选C。 B Most people，regardless of intelligence or education，know little about memory.A revealing study by research psychologists Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris asked people simple questions about memory and then compared their answers with those of experts in memory research.The results show how far removed from reality the public’s beliefs about memory are.For instance，to the question “Is there a ‘video camera’ in your head？” 63 percent of people surveyed strongly agreed that human memory “works like a video camera，accurately recording the events we see and hear so that we can review and inspect them later.” But none of the experts agreed that memory works like a video camera. So how does memory work? I prefer to describe it as something like an old man sitting by a campfire somewhere deep in your brain.He means well and wants to help，but he doesn’t show you your past like some wizard with a time entrance.The best he can do is tell you stories.And like all good storytellers，he edits for impact，efficiency，functionality，and clarity.He tells you what he assumes you need to know. Sometimes he may even embellish the tale by adding a bit of flavor.Or the old man might decide to leave out a few things in order to spare you pain or shame.He also makes honest mistakes—lots and lots of them.Sometimes he just gets confused or careless and leaves out something important.He could even include inaccurate information by accident. In other words，memory is associative and constructive.It’s not like files on a computer hard drive arranged by subject or placed in chronological order.A memory will be put away and connected to other memories or concepts in ways that are not necessarily practical or logical.This is why a particular smell or sound may bring you a memory even though it wasn’t important in the original experience. The human brain is still a mysterious universe in many ways，of course.Fortunately，enough has been revealed to offer us some guidance toward wiser and safer navigations through daily life.Your memory is best thought of as helpful input. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人类记忆的工作方式。人类的记忆不同于录影机，它往往不会毫无偏差地记录下所发生的一切。为了保护我们自己不受伤害和折磨，我们往往会对我们记忆中所经历的事情做一些必要的改动。 5．Why does the author mention the question “Is there ‘a video camera’ in your head？” in paragraph 1? A．To prove that most people know little about memory. B．To introduce the research on memory done by psychologists. C．To show that people’s memory are in agreement with reality. D．To give readers a vivid description about how memory works. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。结合上文“The results show how far removed from reality the public’s beliefs about memory are.”可推断，作者提及这个问题是为了证明大多数人对记忆知之甚少。故选A。 6．What does the underlined word “embellish” probably mean in the third paragraph? A．Enrich. B．Repeat. C．Invent. D．Recall. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Or the old man might decide to leave out a few things in order to spare you pain or shame.”可知，or后的句子与画线词所在的句子构成选择关系，即要么增添，要么遗漏。此处的leave out(遗漏)与画线词embellish相呼应。故画线词“embellish”意为“对……添枝加叶，润饰”，与enrich为同义词。故选A。 7．Why does the old man sometimes leave out something important? A．Because he often makes mistakes. B．Because he edits the story for charity. C．Because he doesn’t want you to suffer. D．Because he includes inaccurate information. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Or the old man might decide to leave out a few things in order to spare you pain or shame.”可知，这位老人为了不让你痛苦或者惭愧而删减一些东西。故选C。 8．What is most likely to be talked about in the next paragraph? A．What our brain is composed of. B．What we still don’t know about memory. C．How the brain stores information. D．How we make better use of our memory. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately，enough has been revealed to offer us some guidance toward wiser and safer navigations through daily life.You memory is best thought of as helpful input.”可知，此处强调记忆在我们的生活中已经起到了有帮助的作用。由此推知，下文应该介绍我们如何利用记忆的特点帮助我们更好地生活。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Honesty is important.However，not everyone seems to think so.Lies and the hiding of truth are commonplace.But when examining the case for honesty，you realize it’s a better option.Here are the reasons why the value of honesty is beyond measure. It is easier to understand. 1 The other person doesn’t have to second guess what you really mean.And with clarity comes a better understanding of your expectations of them.They know what you would actually like them to do. You are more likely to get what you want.We often hide our true desires or preferences rather than speak out the truth.But when we are completely honest with ourselves and others，we encourage the right actions that lead to what we want. 2 You may not get your way every time.But at least you’ll get your way sometimes or a middle ground will be reached that suits you both. 3 There is no need to remember what you lied about and to whom.You can be confident that you have said what was true in the moment you said it.Now，don’t confuse simple with easy.Being honest is not always easy. 4 It is better for your inner peace.Lying doesn’t come easy for most people.When you cheat others，it can feel like you are going against your values.Not only that，but as soon as you lie，you will live with the fear of that lie being discovered.That’s a mentally tiring thing. 5 Of course，you may feel slightly bad if you have to tell someone an uncomfortable truth，but that won’t last long. A．Telling the truth is simple. B．It is the best way to prove your honesty. C．Instead，it is so hard that no one can do it. D．When we speak up，the other person is more likely to listen. E．Honesty，though not always easy，doesn’t carry such burdens. F．When you are clear in what you think，there’s no grey area for confusion. G．Actually，it can be hard when you tell others what they don’t want to hear. 1．答案　F 解析　根据下文“The other person doesn’t have to second guess what you really mean.”可知，此处强调的是清楚自己想法的重要性。F选项“When you are clear in what you think，there’s no grey area for confusion.”引起下文，与此对应。故选F。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“But when we are completely honest with ourselves and others，we encourage the right actions that lead to what we want.”可知，此处强调的是说出真相所带来的好处。D选项“When we speak up，the other person is more likely to listen.”强调的是说出真相所带来的好处，承接上文。故选D。 3．答案　A 解析　根据下文“There is no need to remember what you lied about and to whom.You can be confident that you have said what was true in the moment you said it.”可知，没有必要去记之前自己对谁说了什么谎，只需要自信地认为自己在之前的某一刻所说的话是真话，就可以做到说真话。所以说真话是简单的。A选项“Telling the truth is simple.”引起下文。故选A。 4．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Being honest is not always easy.”可知，空处应该强调的是诚实的难处。G选项“Actually，it can be hard when you tell others what they don’t want to hear.”承接上文，突出了诚实并不总是那么容易。故选G。 5．答案　E 解析　根据上文“That’s a mentally tiring thing.”可知，此处强调的是一旦说谎就会有沉重的心理负担。E选项“Honesty，though not always easy，doesn’t carry such burdens.”指出，虽然诚实不容易，但是不用背负上文所提到的令人精神疲惫的负担。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) About five days ago，my back started tightening in the middle region.A couple of days ago，I was trapped in my bed，unable to 1 .I hated the looks from my doctor for symptoms that Western technology can’t handle 2 .So here I was，determined to make an 3 at an Eastern medicine school for my first experience getting acupuncture(针灸)． It was a 4 experience.The room looked no different from a Western medicine examination room.The 5 ancient healing art of acupuncture was amazing.However，it 6 Western medicine in the way they sought to treat me. Chinese medicine 7 to regard the patient’s symptoms as a whole.I was asked about things in my 8 life，from my sleep patterns to my physical processes，to current life stressors.Then the medical student 9 a plan with the doctor.They came back，asked me to lie on my 10 ，and started placing the needles.The needles didn’t hurt.I could barely feel their 11 . After they placed the needles，the doctor asked me how I felt.I told her I couldn’t feel any pain.This actually 12 that I was responding well to the treatment.So they 13 me in the room with a heat lamp for about twenty minutes.When the appointment was over，I felt super 14 .I would highly recommend this treatment option for anybody who thinks they may 15 . 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者因为背痛接受了中医针灸治疗，之后得到了良好的效果。 1．A.awake B．move C．walk D．speak 答案　B 解析　根据“I was trapped in my bed”可知，作者被困在床上，说明无法移动，即动弹不得，故选B。 2．A.instantly B．slightly C．constantly D．perfectly 答案　D 解析　下文“So here I was，determined to make an at an Eastern medicine school”提到作者去看中医，说明西医无法完美控制作者的症状，故选D。 3．A.appointment B．agreement C．innovation D．invitation 答案　A 解析　根据“for my first experience getting acupuncture(针灸)”可知，作者预约了中医来体验针灸，最后一段中“When the appointment was over”也是提示，故选A。 4．A.touching B．frightening C．satisfying D．confusing 答案　C 解析　根据最后一段中“I would highly recommend this treatment option”可知，作者推荐这样的治疗方式，说明这次针灸经历令作者满意，故选C。 5．A.adventurous B．mysterious C．dangerous D．precious 答案　B 解析　结合空后的“ancient healing art of acupuncture was amazing”可知，此处指神秘的古代针灸治疗艺术，故选B。 6．A.depended on B．combined with C．differed from D．competed against 答案　C 解析　根据上文“The room looked no different from a Western medicine examination room.”以及空前的“However”可知，此处是说西医和中医的不同之处，故选C。 7．A.pretends B．manages C．refuses D．tends 答案　D 解析　根据空后“regard the patient’s symptoms as a whole”可知，此处是描述中医的治疗方式，指中医倾向于把病人的症状视为一个整体，tend to do sth倾向于做某事，故选D。 8．A.entire B．abnormal C．stressful D．simple 答案　A 解析　根据上文的“as a whole”和空后“from my sleep patterns to my physical processes，to current life stressors”可知，中医倾向于把病人的症状视为一个整体，所以事无巨细地询问整个生活中的事情，故选A。 9．A.discussed B．pictured C．searched D．bargained 答案　A 解析　上文提到询问症状和生活细节，下文“They came back...and started placing the needles.”提到医生回来开始治疗，故此处指他们去商讨治疗方案，故选A。 10．A.back B．side C．stomach D．waist 答案　C 解析　根据第一段中“my back started tightening in the middle region”可知，作者背部疼痛，故此处指让作者趴着，在背上针灸，lie on one’s stomach俯卧，趴着，故选C。 11．A.treatment B．presence C．effect D．resistance 答案　B 解析　根据上文“The needles didn’t hurt.”可知，针灸不疼，作者几乎感觉不到有针在背上，故选B。 12．A.determined B．challenged C．witnessed D．indicated 答案　D 解析　根据上文“I told her I couldn’t feel any pain.”以及空后“I was responding well to the treatment”可知，作者感觉不到疼痛，这表明作者对治疗反应良好，故选D。 13．A.found B．left C．hid D．caught 答案　B 解析　根据“with a heat lamp for about twenty minutes”可知，作者被留在房间大约20分钟，故选B。 14．A.relaxed B．excited C．annoyed D．concerned 答案　A 解析　根据“I would highly recommend this treatment option”可知，作者推荐针灸治疗，说明治疗结束时作者应是感到很轻松，故选A。 15．A.regret B．doubt C．admit D．benefit 答案　D 解析　根据“I would highly recommend this treatment option for anybody”可知，作者应是会将这种针灸治疗推荐给任何认为他们可能从中受益的人，故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Lai Xuanzhi graduated from Wuhan Sports University，majoring in basketball.In 2010，the new graduate 1. (employ) as a PE teacher at a village school.Back then，it was challenging for him.Lacking facilities and funds，the school wasn’t set up 2. (hold) ordinary PE courses，such as basketball，soccer and track and field，so the 3. (ambition) young teacher had to shift his focus to something that was cheaper and easier to organize. He discovered rope-jumping.With it，he led the students from a village school to participate in many highly competitive international competitions.The very beginning was 4. first World Inter-School Rope Competition，which took place in Dubai in 2015.Lai’s team skipped through，winning 27 of the total of 28 gold 5. (medal)．Lai watched the teens standing on the podium(领奖台) singing the national anthem with tears 6. (run) down their faces.It was at that moment 7. Lai came to realize that for students who are educated in a village school，rope-jumping could not only be part of physical education but also provide access 8. more opportunities. Now，Lai’s jump-rope team has over 200 members.“Children are the future of the country and the hope of the nation，” Lai says.“I hope the effort I 9. (put) into physical education can help them to gain a much 10. (bright) future.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了小学体育老师赖宣治通过跳绳运动带领乡村学校的孩子们走向国际竞技舞台的故事。 1．答案　was employed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2010可知，时态需用一般过去时，结合句意可知，主语the new graduate和谓语动词employ之间构成被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was employed。 2．答案　to hold 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以此处应使用不定式形式作目的状语，且表示主动意义。故填to hold。 3．答案　ambitious 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词teacher，ambition的形容词形式为ambitious。故填ambitious。 4．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后为序数词first，表示“第一届”，所以应为定冠词。故填the。 5．答案　medals 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，medal为可数名词，空前有28修饰，所以此处应使用名词复数。故填medals。 6．答案　running 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with的复合结构，空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，run与宾语tears之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填running。 7．答案　that 解析　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型“it was...that/who...”，强调的是时间状语at that moment。故填that。 8．答案　to 解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语access to，意为“……的机会或权利”。故填to。 9．答案　have put 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句的谓语动词，结合句意可知，说话时事情已经发生，应用完成时态，又因为主句的时态为一般现在时，所以空处应填现在完成时态表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且put与从句主语I之间为主动关系，句子主语为第一人称。故填have put。 10．答案　brighter 解析　考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词future，空前有much修饰，所以此处应使用形容词比较级brighter。故填brighter。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(每小题3分，共24分) Karie double-checked the words on her spelling test.If she got 100 percent today，she’d win her class’s First-Quarter Spelling Challenge and a brand new dictionary.Plus，Ms McCormack had promised to do a handstand(倒立) if anyone got a perfect score. Three more words to go.N-i-c-e-l-y.Q-u-i-c-k-l-y.H-o-n-e-s-t-y.Wait! She’d spelled “honesty”，not “honestly”．She erased “ty” and wrote “ly” before handing in her paper. “I’ll correct these while you’re at recess(休息)，” Ms McCormack said. After recess，Ms McCormack walked to the front of the room and cleared her throat.Then，as if she were an Olympic gymnast，Ms McCormack’s feet flipped into the air. “Congratulations，Karie! You did it！” she announced while upside down.The whole class erupted! Ms McCormack righted herself and presented Karie with her prize.Karie grinned as she read the label on the box： To Karie Carter：for her perfect first-quarter score in spelling. “Everything is OK？” Mom asked as Karie burst through the front door after school.“Everything’s PERFECT！” Karie shouted，showing Mom her spelling test and prize.Mom hugged her.“Put the test on the fridge so Dad and Kevin can see it when they get home.” “And Casper，too.” Karie picked up her cat.“Can you spell ‘nicely’，Casper? And ‘quickly’ and ‘honestly’，and...” Karie’s stomach tumbled to the floor.Honestly? H-O-N-E-S-L-Y! “Karie，what’s the matter？” said Mom. “I don’t feel so good，” Karie said，putting Casper down and stuffing the test paper into her backpack. Soon Karie heard her dad and Kevin come in.The smell of pizza wafted(飘荡) in the air.Karie thought back to the last time they’d picked up pizza after Kevin’s school play.They almost reached home when Mom realized the cashier had given them too much change.“Let’s turn around，” Mom had said.The whole time they were driving back to the pizzeria，Kevin kept saying，“It’s not our fault.The cashier didn’t notice.” But Mom just insisted.After supper，Karie went to her room and fell onto her bed. 范文补全 Lying on the bed，Karie was wondering what she should do.1.How could she tell the class she shouldn’t have earned the prize(她怎么才能告诉同学们她本不应该获奖呢)？Karie even got up and picked up her pencil.If she put the missing “t” back，no one would ever know.2.Gazing at the word “honesly”(盯着honesly这个单词看) and 3.thinking of her mom’s insistence on giving back the extra change to the cashier(想到妈妈坚持将多余的零钱还给收银员)，4.Karie finally dropped her pencil and gently placed the test paper into her backpack(Karie最后放下笔，将试卷轻轻地放进背包)． When Karie got to school the next morning，Ms McCormack was unlocking the door.5.Karie’s hands trembled(Karie的手都颤抖了)．She gave her teacher the spelling paper and the dictionary.“I can’t keep this.6.I misspelled ‘honestly’ but you didn’t catch it(我拼错了“honestly”，但你没有发现)．”“I see，” Ms McCormack pushed open the door.“Come in and sit down，Karie.” For a moment，Ms McCormack stood quietly reading the label on the dictionary.Then she picked up her pen.She crossed out the word perfect and 7.wrote “honest” before handing the dictionary back to Karie(写下“honest”这个单词，然后将词典递给Karie).8.Karie’s jaw dropped(Karie的下巴都要掉了)．“I get to keep this？” “For honestly，no，” Ms McCormack smiled.“But for honesty，yes.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$