Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Vocabulary-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary Ⅰ.写重点词汇 1．gravity n．重力；严重性；严肃 2．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 3．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4．creature n．动物，生物；人 5．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 6．furthermore adv.此外，再者 7．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 8．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之 9．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 10．merely adv.仅仅，只不过 11．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 12．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 13．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 14．mechanic n．机械师，技工 15．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 16．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 17．cast new light on使进一步了解…… 18．in the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此 19．in view of鉴于；考虑到 20．plain to see显而易见的 21．lay the foundation for为……打下基础 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→occupation n．工作；职业；占领；居住；使用 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；估价 4．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光 5．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的→visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地 6．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanence n．永久性，持久性；永久→permanently adv.永久地，永恒地 7．universe n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的→universally adv.普遍地 8．agency n．机构；代理处→agent n．代理人；代理商 9．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会→found vt.创办；创建；创立→founder n．创建者；创始人 10．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；原作→originally adv.原来，起初 11．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地 12．motive n．原因，动机，目的→motivate vt.激励；激发 13．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入 14．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算，运算；预测→calculator n．计算器 15．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括 16．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assist v．帮助；援助→assistance n．帮助；援助 17．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信→incredible adj.令人难以置信的 18．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 19．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.始终；一直，重复不断地 Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 1．My niece comes to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot. 宇航员 2．The piece of furniture serves a dual purpose as a cupboard and as a table. 橱柜 3．They could travel through the air，float in water，and lie dormant for many months. 漂浮 4．Colourful streamers and paper decorations had been hung from the ceiling. 天花板 5．Little Tom had his eyes fixed on what seemed to be a mosquito，not noticing his mother was standing beside him. 蚊子 6．If you look at the paper under a microscope you will see the fibres. 显微镜 7．This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. 维护 8．Radiation may damage cells in a way that was previously unforeseen. 辐射 9．This year many young people are going for luxury and buying lifestyle products. 奢侈品 10．Wind blows through the tube and makes it fly and dance around. 管子 11．The pills might have helped him，if he’d taken them regularly. 药片 12．The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. 纪律 13．Nowadays，as the pace of life accelerates，people have less and less leisure time. 闲暇 14．The captain ordered all passengers and crew into lifeboats. 全体船员 15．Make sure you keep a well-stocked first-aid kit ready to deal with any emergency. 成套工具 16．There’s a difference between a telescope builder and an astronomer，of course. 天文学家 17．The administration would not stand in the way of such a proposal. 行政部门 18．Oxygen could be used to breathe，and hydrogen could be turned into rocket fuel. 氢气 absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席(absent adj.不在的，缺席的；心不在焉的) •in/during the absence of sb＝in/during one’s absence某人不在时 absence from...缺席…… absence of mind心不在焉 •be absent from...不参加……；缺席…… (1)That something unexpected happened came down to my absence(absent)． (2)Tom was absent from the barbecue because he was afraid of exposure to the sun. (3)As is known to all，all things will float in/during the absence of gravity. [写作佳句] (4)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信) I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from/my absence from your birthday party last weekend. bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难 bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother with/about sth为某事费心/烦恼 bother sb with sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是…… (1)Don’t bother to tell/telling(tell) the tale to the children，because they show no interest in it. (2)As an astronaut，you should keep your mind on the mission，and not bother about/with personal gains or losses. (3)让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。 It bothered me that we couldn’t find our way back，but my father told me not to lose heart. [写作佳句] (4)很抱歉因为这些数学难题麻烦你，希望你能给我一些指点。(应用文写作之求助信) I’m sorry to bother you with these math problems and I hope you can give me some guidance. occupy vt.占领；使用，占用；侵占；使忙于(occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的 occupation n．工作；职业；占领) •occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事 •be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于(做)某事 (1)I’m sorry to bother you.May I have your address，telephone number，age and occupation(occupy)，please? (2)It is good manners not to bother others when they are occupied(occupy) with their work. (3)She occupied herself in doing housework all day，so she was tired out. →Occupying herself in doing housework all day，she was tired out.(现在分词短语作状语) →Occupied in doing housework all day，she was tired out.(过去分词短语作状语) [写作佳句] (4)我一直忙于学习，备战对我们来说至关重要的高考。(话题写作之学校生活) I have been occupying myself with my study/I have been occupied with my study，preparing for the College Entrance Exam，which is of vital importance to us. circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 in/under no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装) in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话 (1)Under the circumstances(circumstance)，what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude. (2)我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 In/Under no circumstances should I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances allow/permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. [写作佳句] (3)在任何情况下，我们都不能放弃我们的信念：我们可以使这个世界成为一个更适合居住的地方。(应用文写作之倡议书) In/Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in. exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道[expose vt.使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光] expose...to...把……暴露在……，使……接触…… expose oneself to...使自己接触……；使自己暴露于…… be exposed to接触……；暴露于…… (1)For most children，exposure/being exposed(expose) to foreign cultures can cast new light on foreign customs. (2)The longer the skin is exposed(expose) to sunlight，the more likely you will suffer from skin cancer. (3)The moment he exposed himself(he) to these cuisines，he fell in love with this city. [写作佳句] (4)不要让你的皮肤暴露于阳光直射下，否则你会被晒伤。(应用文写作之建议信) Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight，or you’ll get sunburnt. in view of鉴于，考虑到 •in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来，某人认为 have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览 come into view呈现在眼前；映入眼帘 •view...as...视……为…… (1)In view of the bad weather，we will cancel the outing. (2)He is viewed as one of the most famous and greatest astronauts in China. [写作佳句] (3)在我看来，我更喜欢长江之旅，长江是中国最长的河流，也是孕育中华文明的河流之一。(应用文写作之建议信) In my view/From my point of view，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River，the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. (4)我们一到达那里，首先映入眼帘的是五颜六色的花朵和翠绿的垂柳。(读后续写之景物描写) As we arrived there，what came into view first were colourful blossoms and green willow trees. vital adj.对……极重要的；必不可少的 be vital for/to sth对……极为重要 be of vital importance/significance to...对……至关重要 It is vital to do...做……很重要。 It is vital that sb (should) do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的。 (1)Making a good impression on the interviewers is of vital importance. (2)It is vital for the policemen to investigate(investigate) the case and figure out the origin of the accident. [写作佳句] (3)此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。(应用文写作之建议信) →Besides，it’s vital that you (should) mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.(it作形式主语；that从句) →In addition，what’s vital is that you (should) mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.(主语从句) assistant n．助手，助理；助教；售货员 adj.辅助的；助理的；副的 (assist v．帮助；协助；援助 assistance n．援助，帮助；辅助设备) •assist sb with sth/in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人(做)某事 •with the assistance of在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人 (1)In view of his disability，his parents often come to his assistance(assist)．They often assist him to deliver(deliver) goods to customers.With the assistance of his parents，his online business goes well. [写作佳句] (2)我想衷心地感谢你帮助我学习英语。没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得那么大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信) I’d like to sincerely appreciate your assisting me with my English learning/to learn English/in learning English.Without your assistance，I couldn’t have made such great progress. shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 •under the shelter of在……的庇护下 •shelter...from...保护……免遭…… shelter from躲避(风雨或危险) (1)Only under the shelter of the laws can people really enjoy equality. (2)The trees can shelter people in this area from sandstorm. [写作佳句] (3)家是世界上最温暖的地方，在那里我们可以躲避风雨。(读后续写之情感描写) Home is the warmest place in the world，where we can shelter from the wind and rain. 高考热点微练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A．重力，地球引力　B．严重性　C．严肃 1．When on the moon，we lose the gravity of the earth. A 2．Even children must behave with gravity at a funeral. C 3．In my view，you don’t realize the gravity of the situation. B A．n.航天飞机　B．n.来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)　C．vi.频繁往来(于两地之间) 4．The space shuttle took five astronauts to the space station. A 5．Her childhood was spent shuttling between her mother and father. C 6．To get across the town，you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. 报道 2．The government should set a ceiling on the price of daily necessities. 上限 3．The number of cars in Chinese cities has rocketed in recent years. 快速增长，猛增 训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：72.5分] Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 1．It has been calculated that the kit will cost 10,000 yuan. 2．Don’t bother to help him and he will be able to manage the mission. 3．There were so many customers that these shop assistants couldn’t attend to them all. 4．It is plain to see that the project has demanded large investment of time and effort. 5．There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to the sun and skin cancer. 6．We were promised (a) safe passage through the occupied(占领) territory. 7．Can you tell me the origin(由来) of this famous tale at the present time? 8.In the circumstances，I’ll take the book home and read it at leisure(闲暇)． 9．He disciplines(严格要求) himself to exercise at least three times a week for the mission. 10．With summer coming，there are many big mosquito(e)s(蚊子) flying around the depth of the valley. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．The motive for the huge investment was not known to us. 2．As we all know，reading is of vital importance in language learning. 3．We need to carry out a proper evaluation(evaluate) of the new system. 4．The question of what we know and do not know constantly(constant) bothers me. 5．Almost all the television stations gave live coverage(cover) to 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. 6．The thunderstorms came so suddenly that people had to find a place to take shelter from the rain. 7．As an astronaut，he will never give up his dream of exploring space in/under any circumstances. 8.In view of the solid evidence，in the end，this house has been returned to its original(origin) owner. 9．I am writing to apologize to her for being absent(absence) from the activity of the English club last Friday. 10．The crew of the ShenzhouⅫ spacecraft is comprised of three astronauts—Nie Haisheng，Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·甘肃酒泉期末) Debris(残骸) of China’s recently launched Long March 5B carrier rocket fell back to the Earth and ended up in the sea on Friday evening，with most of the parts having burnt up during the reentry process，the China Manned Space Agency said. The debris’ atmospheric reentry and crash took place around 6：08 am，the agency said in a brief statement，noting the touchdown site is in waters located at 9.9° N and 101.9° W．It did not provide additional details but based on the coordinates(坐标) given by the agency，the site is in the south-central Pacific Ocean. Zhao Lijian，a spokesman for the Foreign Ministry，said at a news conference，on Friday，in Beijing，that China had been closely tracking the movement of the used rocket in orbit and continued to publish its information in a timely，transparent manner.He said the Long March 5B rocket model has designs and devices that neutralize(消除) their debris and impact on Earth and most of its components would be destroyed during the atmospheric reentry. The spokesman noted that it is a common practice in the international space industry that components on used rocket are left to reenter the atmosphere. Launched on Oct 31 at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province，the rocket was used to send China’s Mengtian space lab module to dock with the country’s Tiangong space station. A Long March 5B is 53.7 meters long，with a core-stage diameter of 5 meters.The rocket is propelled by liquid oxygen，liquid hydrogen and kerosene and has a liftoff weight of about 849 tons. The rocket model is the most powerful Chinese launch vehicle when it comes to carrying capacity to the low-Earth orbit.It is essential to China’s space station program because it is now the only Chinese launch vehicle capable of carrying large space station parts to orbit. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国的长征5号B运载火箭的残骸于周五晚上落回地球，最终落入大海，大部分部件在返回过程中烧毁。 1．How does the reporter know the touchdown site is in the south-central Pacific Ocean? A．By referring to the coordinates. B．Some foreign media revealed that. C．By asking the staff in the agency. D．The agency directly mentioned the site. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“It did not provide additional details but based on the coordinates(坐标)given by the agency，the site is in the south-central Pacific Ocean.”可知，记者是根据该机构给出的坐标推测出落点在太平洋中南部。故选A。 2．What do we know about the rocket model? ①It has a liftoff weight of about 849 tons. ②It is necessary to China’s space station program. ③It is the second most powerful Chinese launch vehicle. ④It has been used to launch Shenzhou spaceships to space. ⑤It is 53.7 meters long，with a core-stage diameter of 5 meters. A．①②④ B．①②⑤ C．②④⑤ D．③④⑤ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第六段“A Long March 5B is 53.7 meters long，with a core-stage diameter of 5 meters...has a liftoff weight of about 849 tons.”可知①和⑤正确；根据最后一段中“It is essential to China’s space station program because...”可知，该火箭对中国的空间站计划至关重要，因此②正确。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “propelled” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Caused to fall. B．Caused to move. C．Caused to turn. D．Caused to stop. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的“by liquid oxygen，liquid hydrogen and kerosene”可推知，该火箭由液氧、液氢和煤油推动，可推测出画线词为“推进、发射”之意。故选B。 4．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Long March 5B Carrier Rocket Launched at Space Center B．China Closely Tracks Used Rocket in Orbit C．Space Lab Module Docks with Space Station D．Rocket Debris Safely Reenters Earth 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章主要报道了中国的长征5号B运载火箭的残骸安全返回了地球，所以D项与文章主题相符合。故选D。 B Washing machines are one of the greatest inventions of the last few centuries.They have made life easier.Unfortunately，washing machines also contribute to the environmental issues of energy use and micro-plastics flowing into the oceans.That is why the washing machine manufacturer(制造商)，Samsung，and the outdoor-wear company，Patagonia，are working together to make a change. For Patagonia，the issue of micro-plastics has been on its mind for years—its woolen jackets release many microfibers.As for Samsung，new requirements throughout the world have forced many producers to start thinking about ways to help reduce the number of micro-plastics.There are currently more than 14 million tons of micro-plastics floating in the oceans.Though people previously think of things such as plastic bottles and fishing lines when it comes to plastics in the ocean，thousands of micro-plastics are released into seas with every wash. The issue is a sort of catch-22.In order to reduce energy costs，manufacturers try to make their machines more efficient.These machines use hotter water and are designed to create more friction(摩擦) between the clothing in the machine.However，both of these things lead to the release of more micro-plastics.So，using Patagonia clothes as test cases，Samsung came up with a two-fold solution：One is a technology called Eco-bubbles，which creates more bubbles to make the detergent(洗涤剂) more powerful，and the other is a water purifier that can filter(过滤) out more micro-plastics. The cooperation between the two companies is proof of how complicated protecting the environment can be.On the one hand，clothing that is well-constructed and durable is a weapon in the fight against fast fashion.On the other hand，the material used to make those clothes and the way they are washed can also add pollutants to the environment.The same goes for washing machines.There is no one-size-fits-all solution.The fight against climate change requires creative thinking and learning how to attack a problem from many angles.This will certainly lead to even more strange and fruitful cooperation between the environmentally conscious companies. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了洗衣机制造商三星和户外服装公司巴塔哥尼亚正积极合作，以解决微塑料污染的问题。 5．What is Samsung’s purpose in partnering the outdoor clothing company? A．To limit the use of micro-plastics. B．To solve the issue of energy waste. C．To find a solution to micro-plastic pollution. D．To produce high-efficiency washing machines. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，washing machines also contribute to the environmental issues of energy use and micro-plastics flowing into the oceans.That is why the washing machine manufacturer(制造商)，Samsung，and the outdoor-wear company，Patagonia，are working together to make a change.”可知，三星和巴塔哥尼亚合作是为了找到解决微塑料污染的方法。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “catch-22” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A tricky situation. B．A questionable fact. C．A possible dream. D．A practical method. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The issue”指的是第一段中的“the environmental issues of energy use and micro-plastics flowing into the oceans”。根据后文中的“In order to reduce energy costs...both of these things lead to the release of more micro-plastics.”可知，为了降低能源成本，洗衣机制造商通过使用更热的水和让机器中的衣服产生更多摩擦的方法使洗衣机更高效，但这些会导致更多微塑料的排放。由此可推测出，能源使用和微塑料排放是一个进退两难的问题。故选A。 7．Which of the following will reduce the release of micro-plastics during washing? A．Using hotter water. B．Creating more friction. C．Using powerful detergents. D．Adding a water purifier to washing machines. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So，using Patagonia clothes as test cases，Samsung came up with a two-fold solution：One is a technology called Eco-bubbles，which creates more bubbles to make the detergent(洗涤剂) more powerful，and the other is a water purifier that can filter(过滤) out more micro-plastics.”可知，使用Eco-bubbles技术和净水器均可以减少微塑料的排放。故选D。 8．What does the cooperation between the two companies show? A．The difficulty in fighting against fast fashion. B．The complexity of environmental conservation. C．The influence of humans’ active action. D．The importance of creative thinking. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The cooperation between the two companies is proof of how complicated protecting the environment can be.”可知，这两家公司的合作表明了保护环境的复杂性。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Anger is the most destructive emotion.When you are angry，you make ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.You will also regret language spoken without thought.Therefore，what can be done to control anger and prevent it from ruining our lives？ 1 . Firstly，you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. 2 .Also，you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you.Many people try to live by high standards，and as a result，are often disappointed and become angry.The answer is to be a bit more flexible and relax your control of life. Secondly，don’t regard anger as a bad emotion.There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things.Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA.Gandhi was angry about British rule in India. 3 .They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice. Thirdly，reacting angrily is a hard habit to break.But it is a habit，and habits can be broken.The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers.Anger is a negative reaction，but in this type of situation，there is no good in reacting by forming positive thoughts. 4 .This way，your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive. 5 .That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger.Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes and you will find that you will turn angry much less often，if at all. A．By contrast，anger is slow to pass B．You need to learn not to respond at all C．Anger of this type can be used to fuel action D．Here are some ways you can fight against anger E．People do behave in ways that will make you angry F．In conclusion，you must recognize anger is something you can control G．Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry 1．答案　D 解析　根据前文“Therefore，what can be done to control anger and prevent it from ruining our lives？”以及下文的几种方法可知，D项承接上文，引出下文。故选D项。 2．答案　G 解析　前文建议先改变自己的态度，后文建议要接受各人有不同的标准，G项指出要认识到没有人是完美的，符合本段主题，且与下文形成递进关系。故选G项。 3．答案　C 解析　前文讲述了愤怒并不是一种不好的情绪，在某些情况下，愤怒可以被用于实现一件伟大的事情，并列举了两位名人的愤怒，C项承接上文，指出这种愤怒可以被用来推动行动，符合语境。故选C项。 4．答案　B 解析　根据前文“The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers.”可知，本段主要建议在面对通常令人愤怒的情况时避免做出反应，B项“You need to learn not to respond at all”符合本段主题，承接上文。故选B项。 5．答案　F 解析　根据后文“Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes and you will find that you will turn angry much less often，if at all.”可知，本段是对前文的总结，F项符合本段主题，且选项中的“control”与空后的“That control”呼应。故选F项。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·河北沧州高二期末) In the village of Liuke in South China’s Hainan Province，houses 1. (build) with dark bricks and red windows stand quietly among tall，green coconut trees.The village’s name 2. (suggest) hospitality(好客) as its English translation is “guests stay”． Liuke is one of the ancient villages 3. (sit) on the plains in the lower reaches of the Wanquan River in Hainan.There is a classic Chinese folk song,4. sings in praise of the clear water of the river.Different from the rapid water currents and mountainous landscape upstream，the lower reaches of the river flows 5. (smooth)． For hundreds of years,6. (local) built villages and townships amid rainforests along the river.Liuke village is one of them.In recent years，in answer 7. the country’s rural revitalization drive(乡村振兴运动)，authorities 8. (make) efforts to attract tourists to the village with sightseeing and entertainment programs.For instance，villagers and tourists can admire the beauty of the Wanquan River along a 1.2-km-long “landscape belt”． To attract young people，village authorities have developed programs such as riverside camping and kayaking.“The 9. (transform) of the village not only attracted tourists,10. helped retain(留住) villagers，” says local official Wang Kelu，adding that they can earn a salary by working in the village. 1．答案　built 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语是stand，空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语，houses和build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填built。 2．答案　suggests 解析　考查动词的时态。空格处作谓语，本句是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填suggests。 3．答案　sitting 解析　考查非谓语动词。is是谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，villages和sit之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填sitting。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词song，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 5．答案　smoothly 解析　考查副词。空格处修饰动词flows，作状语，应用副词形式。故填smoothly。 6．答案　locals 解析　考查名词复数。句意：几百年来，当地人在雨林中沿河修建了村镇。空格处在句中作主语，local为可数名词，根据句意此处应用复数形式。故填locals。 7．答案　to 解析　考查介词。 in answer to为固定搭配，意为“应……的要求”。故填to。 8．答案　have made 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语 In recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have made。 9．答案　transformation 解析　考查名词。根据空格前的定冠词The可知，空格处应填名词作主语。故填transformation。 10．答案　but 解析　考查连词。not only...but (also)...是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅰ Out of this world Unit 2 Vocabulary Part 1　基础词汇过关 Part 2　核心词汇突破 Part 3　高考热点微练 词汇过关 基础 3 1. n.重力；严重性；严肃 2. vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.麻烦，困难 3. n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4. n.动物，生物；人 5. n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 6. adv.此外，再者 7. adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 Ⅰ.写重点词汇 gravity bother mission creature circumstance furthermore vital 8. adv.完全；总共；总之 9. adj.至关重要的，关键性的 10. adv.仅仅，只不过 11. vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 12. n.资金，财源；钱包 13. n.故事；讲述，叙述 14. n.机械师，技工 15. n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 altogether crucial merely comprise purse tale mechanic shelter 16. adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的 17. 使进一步了解…… 18. 在这种情况下，既然如此 19. 鉴于；考虑到 20. 显而易见的 21. 为……打下基础 nuclear cast new light on in the circumstances in view of plain to see lay the foundation for 1.absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席 → adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 2. vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 →occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的 →occupation n.工作；职业；占领；居住；使用 3. vt.评估，估计，评价 →evaluation n.评价；估价 4.exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道 → vt.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光 Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇 absent occupy evaluate expose 5. adj.看得见的；明显的 →invisible adj.看不见的 →visibly adv.易察觉地；明显地 6. adj.永久的，永恒的 →permanence n.永久性，持久性；永久 →permanently adv.永久地，永恒地 7. n.宇宙，天地万物 →universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的 →universally adv.普遍地 visible permanent universe 8.agency n.机构；代理处 → n.代理人；代理商 9.foundation n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 → vt.创办；创建；创立 →founder n.创建者；创始人 10. n.起源，起因；出身 →original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n.原著；原作 →originally adv.原来，起初 agent found origin 11.frequency n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 → adj.频繁的 →frequently adv.频繁地 12. n.原因，动机，目的 →motivate vt.激励；激发 13.investment n.投资；投入 → v.投资；投入 14. vt.计算，核算；预测 →calculation n.计算，运算；预测 →calculator n.计算器 frequent motive invest calculate 15.coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 → n.覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v.覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括 16.assistant n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的 → v.帮助；援助 →assistance n.帮助；援助 17.incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 → adj.令人难以置信的 cover assist incredible 18. n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃 →dusty adj.布满灰尘的 19. adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 →constantly adv.始终；一直，重复不断地 dust constant 1.My niece comes to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot. 2.The piece of furniture serves a dual purpose as a cupboard and as a table. 3.They could travel through the air，float in water，and lie dormant for many months. 4.Colourful streamers and paper decorations had been hung from the ceiling. Ⅲ.认阅读词汇 ________ ______ ______ ________ 橱柜 漂浮 天花板 宇航员 5.Little Tom had his eyes fixed on what seemed to be a mosquito，not noticing his mother was standing beside him. 6.If you look at the paper under a microscope you will see the fibres. 7.This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. 8.Radiation may damage cells in a way that was previously unforeseen. 9.This year many young people are going for luxury and buying lifestyle products. ______ ________ ______ _______ ________ 显微镜 维护 辐射 蚊子 奢侈品 10.Wind blows through the tube and makes it fly and dance around. 11.The pills might have helped him，if he’d taken them regularly. 12.The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. 13.Nowadays，as the pace of life accelerates，people have less and less leisure time. 14.The captain ordered all passengers and crew into lifeboats. 15.Make sure you keep a well-stocked first-aid kit ready to deal with any emergency. 16.There’s a difference between a telescope builder and an astronomer，of course. _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ __________ __________ 药片 纪律 闲暇 管子 全体船员 成套工具 天文学家 17.The administration would not stand in the way of such a proposal. 18.Oxygen could be used to breathe，and hydrogen could be turned into rocket fuel. 返 回 __________ ______ 氢气 行政部门 词汇突破 核心 17 n.缺乏，不存在；缺席(absent adj.不在的，缺席的；心不在焉的) 1 absence • in/during the absence of sb＝in/during one’s absence某人不在时 absence from...缺席…… absence of mind心不在焉 • be absent from...不参加……；缺席…… (1)That something unexpected happened came down to my (absent). (2)Tom was absent the barbecue because he was afraid of exposure to the sun. (3)As is known to all，all things will float the absence of gravity. absence from in/during (4)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信) I’m writing to apologize to you ______________________________ your birthday party last weekend. 写作佳句 for being absent from/my absence from vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n.[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难 2 bother bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother with/about sth为某事费心/烦恼 bother sb with sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers sb that...使某人苦恼的是…… (1)Don’t bother (tell) the tale to the children，because they show no interest in it. (2)As an astronaut，you should keep your mind on the mission，and not bother personal gains or losses. (3)让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。 ，but my father told me not to lose heart. about/with to tell/telling It bothered me that we couldn’t find our way back (4)很抱歉因为这些数学难题麻烦你，希望你能给我一些指点。(应用文写作之求助信) I’m sorry to and I hope you can give me some guidance. 写作佳句 bother you with these math problems • occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth忙于(做)某事 • be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于(做)某事 (1)I’m sorry to bother you.May I have your address，telephone number，age and (occupy)，please? (2)It is good manners not to bother others when they ________________ (occupy) with their work. vt.占领；使用，占用；侵占；使忙于(occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的 occupation n.工作；职业；占领) occupy 3 occupation are occupied (3)She occupied herself in doing housework all day，so she was tired out. → ，she was tired out.(现在分词短语作状语) → ，she was tired out.(过去分词短语作状语) Occupying herself in doing housework all day Occupied in doing housework all day (4)我一直忙于学习，备战对我们来说至关重要的高考。(话题写作之学校生活) ______________________________________________________ ，preparing for the College Entrance Exam，which is of vital importance to us. I have been occupying myself with my study/I have been occupied with my study 写作佳句 in/under no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装) in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许的话 n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 circumstance 4 (1)Under the (circumstance)，what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude. (2)我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 In/Under no circumstances the objective of founding a company.As a consequence， ，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. circumstances should I give up if circumstances allow/permit (3)在任何情况下，我们都不能放弃我们的信念：我们可以使这个世界成为一个更适合居住的地方。(应用文写作之倡议书) that we can make this world a better place to live in. In/Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief 写作佳句 expose...to...把……暴露在……，使……接触…… expose oneself to...使自己接触……；使自己暴露于…… be exposed to接触……；暴露于…… (1)For most children， (expose) to foreign cultures can cast new light on foreign customs. (2)The longer the skin (expose) to sunlight，the more likely you will suffer from skin cancer. (3)The moment he exposed (he) to these cuisines，he fell in love with this city. n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道[expose vt.使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光] exposure 5 exposure/being exposed is exposed himself (4)不要让你的皮肤暴露于阳光直射下，否则你会被晒伤。(应用文写作之建议信) ，or you’ll get sunburnt. Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight 写作佳句 • in one’s view＝from one’s point of view在某人看来，某人认为 have a good view of...清楚地看到；饱览 come into view呈现在眼前；映入眼帘 • view...as...视……为…… (1)In view the bad weather，we will cancel the outing. (2)He is viewed one of the most famous and greatest astronauts in China. 鉴于，考虑到 in view of 6 of as (3)在我看来，我更喜欢长江之旅，长江是中国最长的河流，也是孕育中华文明的河流之一。(应用文写作之建议信) ，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River，the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. In my view/From my point of view 写作佳句 (4)我们一到达那里，首先映入眼帘的是五颜六色的花朵和翠绿的垂柳。(读后续写之景物描写) As we arrived there， colourful blossoms and green willow trees. what came into view first were be vital for/to sth对……极为重要 be of vital importance/significance to...对……至关重要 It is vital to do...做……很重要。 It is vital that sb (should) do sth. 某人做某事是极其重要的。 (1)Making a good impression on the interviewers is vital importance. (2)It is vital for the policemen (investigate) the case and figure out the origin of the accident. adj.对……极重要的；必不可少的 vital 7 of to investigate (3)此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。(应用文写作之建议信) →Besides，____________________________________________ in China when you attend a dinner party.(it作形式主语；that从句) →In addition，_________________________________________ in China when you attend a dinner party.(主语从句) 写作佳句 it’s vital that you (should) mind your table manners what’s vital is that you (should) mind your table manners • assist sb with sth/in doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人(做)某事 • with the assistance of在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人 (1)In view of his disability，his parents often come to his ____________ (assist).They often assist him (deliver) goods to customers. the assistance of his parents，his online business goes well. n.助手，助理；助教；售货员 adj.辅助的；助理的；副的 (assist v.帮助；协助；援助 assistance n.援助，帮助；辅助设备) assistant 8 assistance to deliver With (2)我想衷心地感谢你帮助我学习英语。没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得那么大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信) I’d like to sincerely appreciate your _________________________ _______________________________________._______________ ，I couldn’t have made such great progress. 写作佳句 assisting me with my English learning/to learn English/in learning English Without your assistance • under the shelter of在……的庇护下 • shelter...from...保护……免遭…… shelter from躲避(风雨或危险) (1)Only the shelter of the laws can people really enjoy equality. (2)The trees can shelter people in this area sandstorm. n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 shelter 9 under from (3)家是世界上最温暖的地方，在那里我们可以躲避风雨。(读后续写之情感描写) Home is the warmest place in the world，where we can _______ . 写作佳句 返 回 shelter from the wind and rain 热点微练 高考 41 A.重力，地球引力　B.严重性　C.严肃 1.When on the moon，we lose the gravity of the earth. 2.Even children must behave with gravity at a funeral. 3.In my view，you don’t realize the gravity of the situation. Ⅰ.一词多义 ____ ____ ____ A C B A.n.航天飞机　B.n.来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)　C.vi.频繁往来(于两地之间) 4.The space shuttle took five astronauts to the space station. 5.Her childhood was spent shuttling between her mother and father. 6.To get across the town，you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central. ____ ____ ____ A C B 1.Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. 2.The government should set a ceiling on the price of daily necessities. 3.The number of cars in Chinese cities has rocketed in recent years. Ⅱ.熟词生义 _____ _____ ________________ 报道 上限 快速增长，猛增 返 回 本课结束 $$