Unit 4 Sharing（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT4 SHARING Section 1 Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] 1.dustyadi.布满灰尘的 ·adustyanswer(对要求的)轻率的回绝;淡然的拒绝 notsodusty还好;还不坏 ·dustn.灰尘,尘土v.将尘土从......抹去或拂去 dustsb.down/off将尘土从某人身上抹去或拂去 ①How can Linda recover from her illness in this room where it's so dirty and dusty? 在这么脏且又积满灰尘的房间里琳达怎么能康复? ②Why did you give the investors a dusty answer when they offered us fundraising? 当投资方给我们提供筹款时,你为什么这么轻率地回绝了呢? ③ Mr Smith told his colleague to dust himself down because he was coyered in chalk 史密斯先生告诉他的同事择掉自已身上,因为他身上全是粉笔灰。 2.nottomention更不用说:且不说 mentionsb./sth.to...向......提起某人/某物 mention doingsth.提到做某事 mention that... 提到..... Don'tmentionit.不客气。 as mentioned above如上所述 ①You shouldn't think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month's vacation. 你别想有一天的空闲时间,更别说乘飞机去度一个月的假了。 ②He mentioned to John that he had seen you somewhere in joint. 他跟约翰说他以前在某个公共场所见过你 ③As mentioned above, the function of the device is wonderful. 如上所述,这个设备功能良好 [名师点津]nottomention“更不用说”,相当于一个插入语,但其后所接 的词的形式要求与前面的词平行一致,一般用于否定句之后。表达“更不 用说”的短语还有:①letalone ②notto speakof。 3.relevantadi.有关的;切题的 ·be relevant to...与.....有关 ·relevancen,关联:切题 have(no)relevance to...和.....(无)有关 注意:“与......有关”的其他表达形式还有:berelatedto;beconnected with;be associated with 等。 ① You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative. 只要有趣味性和知识性,你可以写任何相关的东西。 ②I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point 我觉得他说的和我们正在讨论的话题不相关。他已经跑题了。 4.shaden.阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分vt.给......遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把..... 涂暗 · in the shade在阴凉处 under the shade of...在......的阴凉下 put...in the shade使......黯然失色 .shade...from/against ...给.....遮挡...... shade...with...用......遮挡...... ①I've heard that,in the Sahara, there is no shade during the day, and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. 我听说在撒哈拉,白天没有阴凉之处,在晴朗的夜晚星星看起来格外 灿烂。 ②Water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade 水通常是在阳光直射的地方比在阴凉处温度高。 ③Its long branches and leaves shade them from/against the sun. 它长长的树枝和树叶为他们遮挡了阳光。 ④I saw that merchant sitting under the shade of a tree, reading a book. 我看见那个商人坐在树荫下读书。 5. dragvt.拖;拉;扯vt.&vi.缓慢而费力地移动 drag sb.down使某人沮丧 dragover拖过 drag..out of ...把.....从.....中拖出来 dragsb.into(doing)sth.把某人拖入到(做)某事中 ①Within a moment or two, the whale's body was dragged swiftly by the killer whales down into the depths of the sea 过了片刻,鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。 ②I dragged the chair over to the window to enjoy the beautiful view. 为了欣赏美景,我把椅子拖到了窗边。 ③ He has nothing to do with the murder case, don't drag him into trouble. 这件凶杀案与他无关,不要把他拖入麻烦中。 6.privilegen.特权;优惠待遇v.给予特权;特别优待 · It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。 have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事 ·privilegedadi.有特权的;受特别优待的 be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事 ①Education should not be a privilege in the modern society,for everyone has the right to do so 在现代社会,教育不应该是一种特权,因为每一个人都有权利接受教育。 ②It's a privilege to meet you, I'd like to introduce myself. 见到你很荣幸,我来自我介绍一下。 ③We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this evening. 我们荣幸地欢迎您今晚来演讲。 ④ Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege of introducing/to introduce our speaker for you tonight 女士们、先生们,我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人 7. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 不久前的一天,我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验,我还没有明白怎么回 事,混合剂就从试管里冒了出来,溅得到处都是! 句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。 be doing...when...正在做......突然...... be about todo...when...正要做......突然...... be on the point of doing... when...正要做.....突然..... had(just)done...when...刚做完......这时突然...... ①One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily. 一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然下起了大雨。 ②We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room. 我们正要离开时隔壁突然发出了巨大的响声。 ③The prime minister had just arrived at his office when the bell rang. 总理刚到办公室,这时门拎突然响了。 8. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there- first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views,and then down a shaded path to the valley below. 我和另外一个老师走了两个半小时才到了那儿--先爬到了一座山的山 顶,从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景,然后又沿着一条阴凉的小路下到下 面的山谷。 句中fromwhere引导定语从句,相当于and from here/there。 ①She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全镇的风光 ②Alice stood at the window,from where she could watch her classmates playing football. 艾丽丝站在窗边,从那里她可以看到同学们踢足球。 Section 2 Learning About Language [基础知识必备] 1. resign vi.&vt.辞职;辞去 ·resign one's post/position 辞去职务 resign from...从....辞职 resignas...辞去作为......的职务 ·resign oneself to(doing)sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resignsb.to...把某人委托给..... ①I resigned from the foreign company in order to take a more challenging job. 为了做一份更有挑战性的工作,我从那个外国公司辞职了。 ②He resigned his post because he wanted to be devoted to his charity cause. 他辞去了职务,因为他想全身心投入到慈善事业中去。 ③Even though I fail one hundred times,I will not resign myself to fate. 即使我失败一百次,我也不会向命运屈服。 2. deserveyt.值得:应得:应受 ·deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/赞扬 deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 deserve doing-deserve to be done应该/值得被做 ·deservingadj.值得的;应得的 ①Meanwhile,a sense of guilt rose inside her. Feeling she didn't deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life. 与此同时,愧疚之感油然而生。感到自己不应得这个奖,她生平第一次整 夜未眠。 ②His proposals deserve consideration/considering/to be considered. I hold the belief that you deserve to succeed if you follow them. 他的提议值得考虑。我相信如果你遵循这些建议,你应该会成功。 45 [同步语法精讲] 复习短语 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形 式角度划分,英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短 语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似 比如,名词短语与名词功能相似,在句中主要充当主语、宾语;介词短语主要 充当定语、状语、补语。例如 He failed to get the first prize in the match 在这个句子中the firstprize是名词短语,inthematch是介词短语 短语动词(phrasalverbs)是一种固定的词组,通常以动词为中心,由动 词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释 义,很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物 动词,有的则相当于不及物动词 1.短语动词的构成 (1)动词十副词 clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失 call back回电话 lookback回顾 walkback走回 breakdown出故障 calmdown平静下来 get down咽下 comeup上来 blowup爆炸 turn up出现 show off炫耀 give off 散发 take off脱下 break out发生 blowout吹灭 runout用完 setoff出发 Traditionally,college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey 传统上,大学生在开始他们新的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 无线网络在灾难中雍痪的时候,老式电话起到重要作用 [名师点津]“动词十副词”搭配构成的短语,其宾语若为代词,应放在动 词与副词中间。如put iton,thinkit over。 46 (2)动词十介词 bring about 引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找 burst into闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to处理 devote...to贡献给 deal with处理 glanceat匆匆一瞥 workat从事,致力于 aim at 向......瞄准 differ from与......不同 result from由于 insist on坚持 rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到 combine...with联合 leadto导致,通向 set about着手 agree with适合 I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person. 我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。 You look well. The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you,I suppose. 你气色很好,我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。 (3)动词十副词十介词 addupto总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on轻视 keep upwith赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 do away with废除 dowellin在......干得好 put upwith忍受 catch upwith赶上 lookupto仰望,尊敬 run out of 用完 look forward to期望 go on with继续 get downto认真开始 breakaway from脱离,放弃 get across to使....明白/相信 He will have to find some other work,for he can't put up with this loud noise any more. 他必须找其他工作,因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。 A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means. 一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的意思。 (4)动词十名词十介词 catchsightof看见,警见 make use of 利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of 理解 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替 take part in参加 take pride in为......自豪 take advantage of 利用 makeroom for为......腾出空间 keep up with与......保持联系 James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television. 为给电视机腾出空间,詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。 2.介词与其他词类的常见搭配 (1)形容词与介词的固定搭配 angry,mad,good,bad,clever, surprised,excited. 形容词十at disappointed等 afraid, frightened, ashamed, aware, convinced, short, sick. 形容词十of tired, sure,certain,full,fond,proud, worthy等 angry, connected, content, familiar, generous,gentle, patient, 形容词+with pleased, popular, satisfied,strict 等 weak,different, rich, interested, successful,absorbed 形容词十in disappointed,experienced,confident 等 形容词十to good, polite,kind,cruel,rude,close, similar,familiar等 形容词+for sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry,responsible等 形容词 sorry, anxious, careless, certain, curious, enthusiastic. 十about particular,optimistic等 48 (2)名词与介词的固定搭配 key, answer, visit, apology, introduction, attitude, monument, 名词十to devotion等 名词十in interest,expert等 名词十on congratulations,effect 等 (3)动词与介词的固定搭配 动词+about speak,talk,think,worry等 answer, call, apply, beg, care, charge, hunt, hope, wish, long. 动词十for search,seek等 动词十at aim,call,glare,glance,knock,laugh,point, stare等 date, differ, hear, keep, stop, prevent, learn, protect, result, 动词十from separate,suffer等 动词十of approve,complain,consist,die,dream,think等 动词十on call,carry,depend,feed,insist,pass,try,rely等 动词十in break,call,cut,drop,fill,get,hand,join,persist,result, succeed等 动词十into burst,change,divide等 agree, attend, belong, compare, devote, lead, object, point, 动词十to refer,reply等 3.短语动词使用时须注意的几点 (1)在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代 词,则应放在动词和副词之间。 The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony. 这对年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。 He has put aside a little money for a rainy day 他存了一点钱以备不时之需。 When you do not understand a new word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不理解新单词的时候,你可以查字典。 49 This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem. 这种方法相当新,你可以试着用它去解决那个难题 (2)在带有介词的短语动词中,介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。 We have brought in a good harvest for three years. 我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。 We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come. 在警察来之前,请远离事故现场。 The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday. 经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作 (3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语,这时它们相当于不及物动词。如; Mr Wang's new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again. 王先生的新汽车坏了,他不得不又骑自行车去上班。 The crowd broke up after the football games. 足球比赛结束后,人们四处散开。 (4)①同一动词,后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动 词。如: breakdown坏了;出故障 breakup拆散;解体;驱散 breakin闯入;插话 breakoff忽然停止讲话:断绝 breakout爆发:逃出 breakthrough冲破;突破;战胜 ②不同的动词,后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。如; makeup组成;构成;弥补;编造;化妆 showup出席;露面;揭露 holdup举起来;阻塞;耽搁;抑制感情 setup创立;建立;树立;资助 putup提出;举起;建造 takeup拿起;举起;开始(某)活动 .50·