Unit 3 Sea Exploration（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Section 1 Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] l.search for寻找 ·in search of=in one's/he search for寻找，寻求 ·search v.搜查 search sb../sp.搜某人的身/搜查某地 search..for..为了找到…而搜查… DThe rescue workers were working hard in search of/to search for those survivors. 救援工作者们正努力工作寻找那些幸存者。 2They drew a blank in their search for the driver. 他们四处寻找那个司机，但一无所获。 2.set sail起航；开航 set sail for/to开船；启航；起航去；动身 set sail(from..)for..(从…)起航去… DThe ship set sail for Europe. 这艘船起航去欧洲。 2They set sail from China for Japan. 他们从中国启程前往日本。 3.extend v.延长；延伸；扩大；延续；伸，伸出 extension n.延长；延伸 extensive adj.广阔的；广泛的；大量的 extensively adu,广大地，广泛地 DCan't you extend your visit for a few days? 你不能多停留几天吗？ ·26· 2He extended his hand in greeting. 他伸出手来表示欢迎。 3The house stands in extensive grounds. 这栋房子占地面积很大。 4.lead to(to是介词)导致（同义词为result in);通向 lead sb.to do sth.使得某人干某事 lead sb.tosp.带领某人去某地 DHard work leads to success,while laziness leads to failing the exam. 努力学习会成功，懒惰会导致考试不及格。 ②What street is this？Where does it lead to? 这是什么街？它通向什么地方？ 5.under the command of sb.=nder sb.'s command由…指挥；由… 控制 ·have a command of..了解/掌握… be in command of控制… take command of控制… ·command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 ·command that..,(should)do sth.命令…做某事 注意：宾语从句后面用虚拟语气should十do,should可以省略。 DNobody obeyed the teacher's command to stop chatting. 没有人听从老师（下达）的停止聊天的命令。 2Actually,he has 1,000 men under his command. 实际上，1000人在他的指挥之下。 3He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut. 他命令关闭所有的大门。 6.strengthen v.巩固，加强 ·strength n.体力；强度；实力；优点 go from strength to strength不断取得成功 on the strength of凭借某事物；在某事的影响下 ·strong adj.强的；强烈的；强壮的 ·27· DYoga can be used to strengthen the immune system. 瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。 2Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge. 这座桥需要加固。 7.join v.联合；连接；接合 join in/take part in参加（某些活动） join..to do sth.联合…干某事 join sb.in(doing)sth.和某人一道做某事 join the Party入党 join..to..把…和…连起来 DMany volunteers have joined health experts to help poor families. 许多志愿者和医疗专家一起帮助贫困家庭。 2The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 这个岛有一座桥与大陆相连。 3I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我永远也忘不了人党的那天。 ④Will you join us in the discussion？ 你参加我们的讨论吗？ 8.Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将促 使中国在遥远的未来跨越海洋。 介词with或without-十复合结构构成方式如下： ·with或without十名词/代词十形容词； ·with或without十名词/代词+副词； ·with或without-十名词/代词+介词短语； ·with或without-十名词/代词+动词不定式； with或without-十名词/代词+分词。 ·28· DShe came into the room,with her nose red. 她走进房间，鼻子红了。 2With the meal over,we all went home. 吃完饭，我们都回家了。 3The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm. 老师胳膊下夹着尺子走来走去。 4She fell asleep with the light burning. 她睡着了，灯亮着。 5Without anything left in the cupboard,she went out to get something to eat. 柜子里什么也没剩，她就出去买点吃的。 Section 2 Learning About Language [基础知识必备] mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物 ·a mixture of...…的混合（物）/结合体 ·mixv.(使)混合 mix..with..把…和…混合 mix up混淆；拌和；调和 ·mixed ad..复杂的；混合的 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.His expression was a mixture of concern and understanding. 我跑回甘特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。他的表情既关心又理解。 [同步语法精讲] 动词不定式 动词不定式(to十动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独 作谓语。不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。不定式在句中 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 ·29· 1.动词不定式的形式变化 时态变化 主动语态 被动语态 不定式的一般式 to do to be done 不定式的进行式 to be doing 不定式的完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的完成进行式 to have been doing / 2.动词不定式的否定式：not十todo She persuaded me not to go to the dangerous area. 她说服我不要去那个危险的地方。 3.动词不定式的句法功能 (1)动词不定式作主语 动词不定式（短语）作主语，谓语动词常用单数。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 To climb up the mountain road is easy while to go down the hills is hard. 上山容易下山难。 温馨提示：有时为了避免头重脚轻，习惯将不定式移到后面，主语由t代 替，t叫作形式主语。 It is necessary for office workers to exercise regularly. 经常锻炼对上班族来说很有必要。 (2)动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语，通常用来说明主语的具体内容或者性质。常见的用 来作主语的名词有aim,duty,dream,hope,idea,plan,ambition,purpose, work,job等。 A college counsellor's job is to help students adjust to college life. 大学辅导员的工作是帮助学生们适应大学生活。 His ambition is to reclaim the world championship title. 他的抱负是夺回世界冠军。 有些时候，系动词会是appear,seem,prove,turn out,remain等。 ·30· What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they g0. 学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪所大学重要得多。 温馨提示：当主语部分有动词d0或d0的某种形式时，不定式作表语时通 常省略t0。 All I could do now is keep silent. 我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。 (3)动词不定式作宾语 有些动词后面常跟动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词有：hope,wish, expect,agree,promise,undertake(),intend,want,aim,plan,desire, arrange,manage,decide,determine,pretend,choose,offer,demand,refuse, threaten,.prepare,.fail,ask,learn等。 She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund. 当我们承诺把这笔钱放到她的教育基金里时，她决定卖掉几件不太常用 的较大的物品。 知识拓展： ①当不定式作宾语，且后面有自己的宾语补足语时，常用t作形式宾语， 将不定式放于宾语补足语之后。常见的有这种用法的动词有：consider, feel,find,make,think等。构成的结构为：谓语动词十it十宾补十todo。 They all feel it very hard to learn German. 他们都认为学习德语很困难。 The rough road makes it difficult to get to the destination. 崎岖不平的路使得到达目的地变得困难。 ②动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词（如but,except)可以 接不定式。常用的结构为：have no choice but to do sth.,have nothing to do but/except do sth.。此类结构遵循“前有do后无to”的原则。 This girl had no choice but to wait 这个女孩别无选择，只能等待。 She has nothing to do but sit quietly. 她无事可做，只能静静地坐着。 ·31· (4)动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式可以在某些动词后充当宾语补足语，常见的此类动词有：ask, cause,advise,allow,forbid,permit,force,instruct,want,order, encourage,persuade,remind,request,teach,tell,urge,invite,warn, command,enable等。 以ask为例子，表达肯定意思的结构为ask sb..to do sth.,表达否定意思 的结构为ask sb.not to do sth.。 He asked me to give a presentation to the classmates. 他让我给同学们做个演示。 The doctor advised him to stop smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。 特别注意： ①有些词不能用于这个结构中，如hope,suggest,demand,agree等。 ②有些感官动词和使役动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，0经常被 省略。这些词有：五看(see,watch,notice,observe,look at);二听(hear, listen to);一感觉(feel);三使役(make,have,let)。需要注意的是，当上述 动词用于被动语态时，t0应还原。 The teacher made me wait while she talked to other students. 这个老师在和其他学生谈话，让我等一下。 Tom is always working hard,so he doesn't have to be made to study hard. 汤姆学习一直很刻苦，所以他不必让别人强迫他努力学习。 (5)动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语一般情况下会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词构成 一定的逻辑关系。 ①主动关系：被修饰词是不定式表示的动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通 常被only,first,next,序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。 He's always the first person of the team to put forward a solution to a problem. 他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。 ·32· ②被动关系：被修饰词是动词不定式表示的动作的承受者。此时需要注 意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要增加必要的介词。 There are many interesting things to see. 有许多有趣的东西可以看。 You might think that with all these dangerous animals australia is an unsafe place to live (in)or visit. 澳大利亚有这么多危险的动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或到这里旅游 很不安全。 ③修饰关系：动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词 一般为：wish,way,chance,.ability,decision,attempt,reason等。 You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems. 你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 ④动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们受邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。 (6)动词不定式作状语 ①动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语，有时为了强调可在前面加上in order或soas,其 中in order to do可以放于句首，但是so as to do不可以放于句首。当不 定式置于句末表示目的的时候，不可用逗号隔开：置于句首时，一般用逗 号隔开。 She has turned down several invitations to appear on the shows in order to/so as to concentrate on her studies. In order to concentrate on her studies,she has turned down several invitations to appear on the shows. 为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。 ②动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构： only to do..结果却做…（表示出乎意料的结果） to0.,.t0do.,,太…以至于不能做… ·33· so/such..as to do.,太…以至于做… adj./adu.十enough to do.,足够…做… He hurried to the train station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙赶往火车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。 The box is too small to hold all these things. 这个箱子太小，不能装下所有这些东西。 Would you be so kind as to do me a favour? 劳烦您帮我个忙好吗？ I wouldn't get involved-he's old enough to fight his own battles. 我不想参与一他已经长大，能独自应付了。 ③动词不定式作原因状语 动词不定式作原因状语通常表示一些情绪上的原因，比如高兴、激动、遗 憾、抱歉等。 I'm sorry to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，我很难过。 4.疑问词加动词不定式 疑问词加动词不定式通常可以扩展为一个名词性从句。 Where to go hasn't been decided. =Where we should go hasn't been decided. 我们还没定下来要去哪里。 Section 3 Using Language Assessing Your Progress [基础知识必备] 1.talk of谈到，谈及 ·talk about谈论，讨论 talk with..与…交谈 talk back(tosb.)(尤指对上司)回嘴，顶嘴 talk sb.into/out of(doing)sth.说服某人做/不做某事 ·have a talk with sb..about sth.与某人讨论某事 arms/peace talks军备/和平谈判 ·34· ①We often talk of you. 我们经常谈到你。 2What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？ 2.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 have mercy on/upon sb.=show mercy to sb.宽恕（或怜悯）某人 at the mercy of...任…摆布 beg for one's mercy乞求某人宽恕（或怜悯） without mercy残忍地，毫不留情地 throw oneself on sb.'s mercy恳求某人宽恕/善待 DThe boss made the workers work for more than 14 hours a day without mercy. 老板毫不留情地让工人们每天工作14个小时以上。 2Will you forgive him if he throws himself on your mercy? 如果他求你原谅，你会宽恕他吗？ 3He would rather die than beg for the enemy's mercy. 他宁愿死也不愿乞求敌人的怜悯。 3.possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制 ·possession n.[C](常用复数)所有物；财产[U]具有；拥有 in possession of sth.占有（或拥有）某物 in the possession of sb.为某人所有 take possession of占有；拥有；占领 ·possess v.拥有；具备；控制 be possessed of sth.具有（某种品质或特征） be possessed with/by.,被…控制 DHe had sold all his possessions and left the country. 他变卖所有财产后离境了。 ·35·