Unit 2 Iconic Attractions（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS Section 1 Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] 1.be referred to as...被看作是…；被称为 refer to查阅或参考；谈到或提到；适用于或涉及到 DWe all affectionately refer to her as our elder sister. 我们都亲热地称她为大姐。 2If you want to know his telephone number,you may refer to the telephone directory. 如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查阅电话簿。 3Please don't refer to his past again. 请不要再提及他的过去。 2.major in主修，主攻 ·major adj.主要的；较大的n.少校；主修课程；主修…的学生 ·minor adj.少数的 ·majority n.绝大多数 DI majored in English but now I major in French 我曾专修过英语，但现在我主修法语。 2Hammer-throwing for women is not yet a major event. 女子链球运动还不是一项主要的赛事。 3He was elected by a large majority (by a majority of 3,240). 他以大多数票（超过对方3240票）当选。 3.play a part in参与做某事；或者在做某事中起了重大作用 have a part in...在…中起作用(=play a part in) play a role in..在…中起作用(=play a part in) take part in sth.参加某事 take sb..'s part(在辩论中)支持某人；站在某人一边 ·15· DThe UN plays an important part in the international relations. 联合国在国际关系中起着重要作用。 2In the TV play,the part of Xiao Yue is played by a famous actress,and the part that she plays in the TV play is very important. 在这部电视剧里，一位著名的女演员扮演了小月的角色；她在电视剧中所 起的作用很重要。 4.After experiencing Australia,I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan:“There's nothing like Australia.” 在经历了澳大利亚之旅后，我不得不说我同意旅游业的口号：“没有什么 比澳大利亚更棒了。” when,while,.before,after,unless,asif等状语从句的省略：状语从句中的 主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语 和be动词。 DWhile (he was)reading the book,he nodded from time to time. 阅读这本书时，他不时地点头。 2While (I was)waiting,I was reading some magazines. 我一边看一些杂志，一边等。 3He stood up as if (he were)to say something. 他站起来好像要说什么。 While (he was)a young boy,he was always ready to help others. 当他还是个小男孩时，他总是乐于助人。 Section 2 Learning About Language [基础知识必备] 1.entitle vt.给…命名（或题名）；使享有权利 ·(sb.)be entitled to sth.(某人)获得某物的权利 be entitled to do,.有权做 ·entitlement n.权利；资格 ①My artwork is a watercolor painting entitled“Harmony in Nature”. 我的作品是一幅水彩画，名为“大自然的和谐”。 ·16· 2Their age and experience entitle old people to the respect of young people. 老年人由于他们的年龄和经验而得到年轻人对他们的尊敬。 3I am entitled to a repayment for the damaged goods. 我有权利索取货物损坏赔偿金。 2.dive vi.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 ·dive v.突然下降，暴跌 ·dive in/into跳入水（河、湖）中或将手伸人，也可以表示“埋头于或钻 研”。 DHe dived below the surface of the water. 他潜入了水中。 2Jim dived into the argument as usual without thinking. 吉姆和往常一样不假思索便加人了这场争论。 3.freedom n,自由；不受…影响的状态 ·free adj.空闲的，有空的；免费的，无偿的；自由的 for free免费 ·free from..(把…)从…释放出来，使摆脱 DThe oppressed people of South Africa are longing for freedom. 南非被压迫的人民渴望自由。 2Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空吗？ 3Do you enjoy free medical care? 你享受免费医疗吗？ The birds in the cage wish to be free. 笼中之鸟盼望自由。 4.sponsor vt.倡议；赞助，资助；发起，举办n.赞助人，主办者，（法案等的）倡 议者 sponsor sb.for sth.赞助某人某事 sponsor sb.to do sth.赞助某人做某事 sponsor sb.through sth..赞助某人做了某事 ·17· DThe sponsors of a television program pay the costs of making the program. 电视节目的赞助商支付制作节目的费用。 2The firm is sponsoring an engineering student at the university. 该公司正在资助一名工科大学生。 3Could you please sponsor me for my school's campaign for Help the Aged? 我在参加我们学校举办的“助老”募捐活动，你能赞助我吗？ [同步语法精讲] 过去分词 1.过去分词（短语）作定语 (1)单个的过去分词常放在被修饰的词前面，作前置定语，与被修饰词之 间通常是逻辑上的被动关系，也可以表示动作已经完成。 cooked food熟食 spoken English英语口语 但是有的过去分词作定语时既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状 态，如lost(迷路的；丢失的)，retired(退休的)等。 the lost child丢失的孩子 the retired people退休的人们 (2)过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，相当于 一个定语从句，与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。 The man named Tom (who is named Tom)is my uncle. 名叫汤姆的那个人是我的叔叔。 The topic discussed just now (=which was discussed just now)is very puzzling. 刚刚讨论的这个话题很令人费解。 The girl dressed in red (=who is dressed in red)is my daughter. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。（表状态） 温馨提示： 非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系时，用被动形式。下面我们 来看一下过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动式(being done)、不定式的被 动式(to be done)之间的区别。 done表示被动、完成 being done表示正在进行的被动 to be done表示将来的被动 ·18· The bridge built last year is important. 去年建的那座桥很重要。 The bridge being built now is important. 正在建造的那座桥很重要。 The bridge to be built next year is important. 明年要建造的那座桥很重要。 2.过去分词作表语 (1)过去分词作表语时，要放在be,appear,feel,remain,seem,look,stay, keep,turn,get等连系动词之后，构成系表结构。 The glass is broken.杯子碎了。 I felt pleased with the news.这个消息使我很高兴。 (2)有些过去分词表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受，作用相当于形容 词。常见的这样的词有：interested,inspired,pleased,disturbed,satisfied, confused,astonished,bored,amused,convinced I was confused about the confusing crossword puzzle. 我对这个令人费解的纵横字谜感到困惑。 The boss wasn't astonished at the astonishing news at all. 老板对这个令人惊讶的消息一点也不吃惊。 温馨提示：interesting,pleasing,boring这类词表示“令人…的”，而 interested,pleased,bored这类词表示“感到…的”。 3.过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语 (1)过去分词（短语）作动词的宾语补足语时，过去分词表示的动作与宾语 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生在外度假时，有人闯入了他家。 He had his bicycle repaired yesterday. 昨天他找人修理了他的自行车。 When he found the door locked,he went home. 当他发现门被锁上时，他就回家了。 (2)过去分词（短语）作介词的宾语补足语时，过去分词表示的动作与宾语 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 ·19· She lay on the sofa,with her body covered by a coat. 她躺在沙发上，身上盖着一件外套。 He stood there with his eyes fixed on the picture. 他站在那里，眼睛盯着那幅图画。 4.过去分词（短语）作状语 (1)过去分词（短语）作状语的含义和基本用法 过去分词（短语）在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状 语或伴随状语等。作状语的过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，相当于一 个状语从句。过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。 ①过去分词（短语）作时间状语 Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful. =When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，那个公园看起来很漂亮。 ②过去分词（短语）作原因状语 Greatly touched by his teachers'words,the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers'words,he did a lot of things to help his classmates. 这个男孩被老师们的话深深地打动了，所以他做了很多事情来帮助他的 同学们。 ③过去分词（短语）作条件状语 Given more time,we could do it much better. If we were given more time,we could do it much better. 如果有更多的时间，我们可以做得更好。 ④过去分词（短语）作让步状语 Warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields. Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然农民们已被提醒暴风雨将要来临，但他们仍然在田地里干活儿。 ⑤过去分词（短语）作伴随状语（此时过去分词不能用状语从句替换，但常 可改写为并列成分) The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，一群学生跟着他。 ·20· 温馨提示：有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表示 主语的状态。如：be lost in(全神贯注；沉浸于)；be trapped in(陷入)；be buried in(埋头于，专心于)；be absorbed in(全神贯注于，专心于)；be interested in(对…感兴趣)；be dressed in(穿着)；be determined to(决 心)；be devoted to(致力于)；be addicted to(沉溺于)；be seated(坐好；落 座)；be faced with(面对)等。 Addicted to computer games,he lost interest in study. 沉溺于网络游戏，他对学习失去了兴趣。 Faced with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. 面临如此多的困难，我们没能按时完成任务。 (2)过去分词（短语）作状语和现在分词（短语）作状语的区别 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语保持一致。过去分词（短语）作 状语时，分词表示的动作和主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词（短 语)作状语时，分词表示的动作和主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。 Seeing from the hill,you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像个大花园。(you和see之间是逻 辑上的主动关系) Seen from the hill,the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像个大花园。(the city和see之间是逻辑上的 被动关系) 温馨提示：过去分词、现在分词的被动式、现在分词的完成被动式的区别： 过去分词done表示被动和完成的动作；现在分词的被动式being done表 示正在被进行的动作；现在分词的完成被动式having been done表示动作 是被动且在主句动作之前完成。 Bitten by the snake in the bush,Susan was sent back to the camp. 因为在灌木丛中被蛇咬了，苏珊被送回了营地。 Being taught by the two gentlemen,Eliza made great progress. 被两位绅士教导着，伊丽莎取得了很大的进步。 Having been awarded so many prizes in literature,George felt that his years of efforts were worth it. 在被授予很多文学方面的奖项之后，乔治感到他多年的努力是值得的。 ·21· Section 3 Using Language Assessing Your Progress [基础知识必备] 1.pick u叩捡起 pick up还有以下意义：搭载（某人）；接（某人）；（非正式地）学会/获得：接 收，收听（信号、声音、图像、节目等）；（身体）逐渐恢复；收拾，整理；染上 (习惯或疾病等) DHe picked up the letter and read it. 他拿起信读了起来。 2The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火车沿途停了好几次，让乘客上车。 3I'd really like to pick up Grandpa at the railway station. 我真想去火车站接爷爷。 2.come across偶然遇到；偶然发现 come true实现 come about发生 come out出来；出版，发行 DYesterday I came across a friend of my father's. 昨天我偶然遇到了我父亲的一个朋友。 2My fondest dreams have come true at last. 我最期望的理想最终实现了。 3.violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 ·violence n.暴力，暴行 domestic violence家庭暴力 answer violence with violence以暴制暴 ·violently adv.剧烈地 DThere is too much violence on TV these days. 最近电视上有太多的暴力镜头。 2People living in the neighborhood complain about crime and violence in the area. 住在附近的人抱怨这片区域的犯罪和暴力现象。 ·22· 4.hatch vi.孵出，破壳vt.使孵出；策划；（尤指）密谋 hatch out(使)孵出；（使）得出结果；制定 DDon't count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要过早打如意算盘。 2When will the baby chickens hatch out? 小鸡什么时候孵出？ 5.a handful of少数人（或物）；一把（的量） a handful of既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词，既可以接人也可以 接物。 DOnly a handful of people came to the meeting. 只有少数人出席了这个会议。 2Granny put a handful of biscuits into the boy's pocket. 奶奶把一把饼干放在那男孩的袋里。 6.While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird,it's really a primitive mammal,with a unique biology. 虽然它可能像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它确实是一种原始哺乳动物，具有独 特的生物学特性。 ·while意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句； ·n.一段时间，一会儿； ·c0j.意为“当…时候，和…同时”，引导时间状语从句；连接两个并 列句子，表示“对比”关系，意为“而，然而”。 DWhile he is in poor health,he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。 2I stayed there for a short while. 我在那儿待了一小会儿。 3He went out for a walk,while I stayed at home. 他出去散步了，而我却待在家里。 [单元写作素材] 本单元的写作任务是描写标志性动物，属于描写性说明文。行文时要 抓住该动物的主要特征进行描述，要求语言简明扼要，通俗易懂。该文体通 常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。 ·23· 首段：引出要介绍的标志性动物 描写标志 中段：介绍这种动物的特征以及象征意义 性动物 尾段：简短总结 一、亮点词汇 1.人物的外貌特征 good-looking,funny-looking,ordinary-looking,blue eyed,tall,short, slim,big eyes,curly hair,beautiful,pretty,lovely... 2.人物的感情行为 like,love,be interested in,be fond of,hate,dislike,be tired of,lose interest in,happy,excited,pleased,angry,sad,worried,disappointed, frightened... 3.动物描述 cute 可爱的 fluffy/furry 毛茸茸的 cuddly 令人想拥抱的 tame 温顺的 ferocious 凶猛的 agile 敏捷的 carnivorous 食肉的 herbivorous 食草的 omnivorous 杂食的 二、高级句式 (一)夺人眼球开头句 1.This is a cute animal,which is loved by most kids. 这是一种可爱的动物，受到大多数孩子的喜爱。 2.It is a unique animal living in the deep valley. 它是生活在深谷中的一种独一无二的动物。 (二)亮点出彩篇中句 1.The animal has a thin face with two big and bright eyes on it. 这种动物有一张瘦瘦的脸，脸上有两只又大又亮的眼晴。 2.It is native to Africa and it spends most time in the forest. 它产自非洲，大部分时间都在森林里度过。 3.It feeds on grass and is friendly to people. 它是食草动物，对人类很友好。 ·24·