Unit4 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．An introduction to Bertrand Russell. B．Bertrand Russell’s books. C．Bertrand Russell’s lifelong passions. D．Bertrand Russell’s life. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．How many reasons did Russell list when explaining why he sought knowledge? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 答案　B 2．What brought Russell back to earth? A．Love. B．Knowledge. C．Pity. D．Passion. 答案　C 3．What role doesn’t belong to Russell? A．A writer. B．A mathematician. C．A philosopher. D．A musician. 答案　D 4．What became Russell’s third passion? A．Pity for the suffering of mankind. B．The longing for love. C．The search for knowledge. D．The desire to live longer. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Bertrand Russell，known 1.as a philosopher，mathematician and writer，has made great 2.contributions(contribute) to Western philosophy.As his autobiography shows，the three passions have governed his life.3.Fully(full) aware of the importance of love，Russell thought love is an 4.unbreakable(break) combination of delight and well-wishing.Following his second passion，he actively 5.sought(seek) knowledge at every opportunity，whose academic achievements are far too numerous 6.to list(list)．Pity for the suffering of mankind led him to devote much of his life to getting 7.involved(involve) in political and social activism.Russell is 8.so outstanding that his achievements still remain relevant to this day.It is possible that the best description of 9.what was important to him comes from Russell 10.himself(he) in his prologue，“What I Have Lived For”． Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．I have sought love，first，because it brings delight—delight so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.(P44；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句，so...that...引导结果状语从句。 汉语翻译：我寻求爱，首先是因为爱带给我快乐——那快乐是如此强烈，以至于我常愿牺牲生命中的一切来换取几小时这样的欢愉。 2．This is what I sought，and though it might seem too good for human life，this is what—at last—I have found.(P44；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，what引导表语从句；第二个分句中，though引导让步状语从句，what引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：这就是我所寻觅的，尽管它对人的一生来说似乎过于美好，但我最终还是寻得了它。 3．Children in famine，victims tortured(torture) by oppressors，helpless old people a burden to their sons，and the whole world of loneliness，poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.(P44；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。主句的主语为Children in famine...poverty and pain；what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。 汉语翻译：忍饥挨饿的孩子、受到压迫者欺凌的人们、被子女视作累赘的无助老者，以及这满是孤独、贫困和痛苦的全世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。 4．In the prologue to his autobiography，entitled “What I Have Lived For”，Russell identifies the three passions that have governed his life: the longing for love，the search for knowledge and pity for the suffering(suffer) of mankind.(P45；Para.1) 结构分析：此句是复合句。主句为Russell identifies the three passions；entitled...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰autobiography；that引导定语从句，修饰passions。 汉语翻译：在其自传的序言《我为什么而活着》中，罗素自陈一生被三种激情所支配：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类苦难的同情。 5．Russell’s acknowledgement of the importance of seeking(seek) knowledge at every opportunity，whether to better understand our fellow man or the world in which we live，comes as no surprise.(P45；Para.3) 结构分析：此句是复合句。主句为Russell’s acknowledgement comes as no surprise；whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，in which we live为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 汉语翻译：罗素认为不论是为了更好地认识人类自身，还是我们生活的这个世界，竭尽所能地获取知识是很重要的。他的想法不足为奇。 6．His academic achievements are far too numerous to list，but he won the Nobel Prize in Literature，discovered Russell’s paradox leading(lead) to new thinking in logic and set theory，and was recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy.(P45；Para.3) 结构分析：此句是but连接的并列句。第二个分句中，谓语为won，discovered，was recognized。 汉语翻译：罗素的学术成就实在是不胜枚举。他获得诺贝尔文学奖，发现罗素悖论，这一悖论引发逻辑学和集合论领域的新思想。罗素还被认为是现代分析哲学的奠基人之一。 7．Pity for the suffering of mankind became his third passion，which led him to dedicate much of his life to easing the pain of others through political and social activism.(P45；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰his third passion。 汉语翻译：对人类苦难的同情成了他的第三种激情，使他将大半生都致力于通过政治和社会活动来减轻他人的痛苦。 8．There have been many attempts to sum(sum) up his remarkable life，but perhaps the best description(describe) of what was important to him comes from Russell himself in his prologue，“What I Have Lived For”．(P45；Para.5) 结构分析：此句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句为there be句型；第二个分句中，what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：许多人试图总结他非凡的一生，然而，对他最看重的事情的最佳描述，也许就出自其本人的这篇序言——《我为什么而活着》。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 I have sought it，next，because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss.(P44；Para.2) 我寻求爱，其次是因为爱排遣孤独——在那可怕的孤独中，一缕颤抖的灵魂在世界尽头俯瞰那冰冷、死寂的深渊。 结构分析：此句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句；in which为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·“介词＋关系代词”结构中关系代词的选择，根据句中先行词来判断，如果先行词指物，就用“介词＋which”，如果先行词指人，就用“介词＋whom”。 ·“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 ·“表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom” 结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示全部或部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all、both、none、some、most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (2)在我看来，家长和孩子们的关系应该是充满爱、关心和理解的，在这个关系中家长和孩子们彼此尊重并且自由地交流想法。 In my opinion，the relationship between parents and children should be one filled with love，care and understanding，in which parents and children show respect for each other and exchange ideas freely. (3)一切进展得很顺利，我被鲜花和掌声包围。然而，我想与之分享我的喜悦的人是我的老师。 Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by flowers and applause.However，the person with whom I desired to share my joy was my teacher. (4)令人惊讶的是，她赢得学生的尊重，后来所有的学生都变得自信、体贴、举止得体。 Amazingly，she earned respect from her students，all of whom later grew to be confident，considerate and well-behaved. 课文重点词块默写 1．朴素却无比强烈simple but overwhelmingly strong 2．对爱的渴望the longing for love 3．对知识的追求the search for knowledge 4．对人类苦难的深切同情unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind 5．狂风great winds 6．直抵绝望的边缘reach to the very edge of despair 7．牺牲……以换取……sacrifice...for... 8．俯瞰look over 9．支配hold sway 10．使某人回到现实bring sb back to earth 11．在某人心中回荡echo in one’s heart 12．……的负担a burden to 13．渴望做long to do 14．对……有影响have an influence on 15．被看成，被看作be regarded as 16．在……方面发挥作用play a role in... 17．牢不可破的结合an unbreakable combination of 18．与某人分享share with sb 19．知道，明白，意识到be aware of 20．无论……还是……whether...or... 21．不足为奇come as no surprise 22．太……而不……far too...to... 23．赢得诺贝尔文学奖win the Nobel Prize in Literature 24．导致，通向lead to 25．被认可为be recognized as 26．献身于；把(时间、精力等)用于dedicate...to... 27．减轻他人的痛苦ease the pain of others 28．强调……的危险highlight the dangers of 29．到了……程度to the extent 30．总结sum up 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．我一直对林巧稚的终生热爱感到钦佩，它是关于公众健康的提升和妇女教育的推动。(which引导非限制性定语从句) I have always been impressed by Lin Qiaozhi’s lifelong passion，which is about the improvement of public health and the promotion of women’s education. 2．林巧稚是一位传奇的中国科学家，因为她对中国医学领域做出了重要的贡献。(because引导原因状语从句) Lin Qiaozhi was a legendary Chinese scientist，because she made significant contributions to the field of Chinese medicine. 3．她对中国现代产科学和妇科学的创立和发展做出了巨大的奉献。 She made great commitment to the establishment and development of obstetrics and gynecology in modern China. 4．此外，她还培训了几代杰出的能让数百万妇女和儿童获益的继任者们。(that引导定语从句) Besides，she trained generations of outstanding successors that would benefit millions of women and children. 5．我对林医生在一生中所做的事情感到钦佩。(what引导宾语从句) I’m impressed by what Doctor Lin did in her life. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Dear Paul， I am writing to give you some information about Dr Lin Qiaozhi.I have always been impressed by Lin Qiaozhi’s lifelong passion，which is about the improvement of public health and the promotion of women’s education.Lin Qiaozhi was a legendary Chinese scientist，because she made significant contributions to the field of Chinese medicine. As a remarkable medical scientist，Lin Qiaozhi was the only female scientist of the first academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Personally having delivered more than 50,000 babies in her life，Lin Qiaozhi was regarded as the “mother of ten thousand babies”．She made great commitment to the establishment and development of obstetrics and gynecology in modern China.Besides，she trained generations of outstanding successors that would benefit millions of women and children. I’m impressed by what Doctor Lin did in her life. Yours， Li Hua 训练1　Welcome to the unit & Reading [分值：45分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Here is the list of people with disabilities，who are living life to the fullest! Frida Kahlo During her childhood，Frida Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)．When she became a young lady，she was also involved in an accident that worsened her problems.Throughout her entire life，she was facing serious physical issues and was in bed because of severe pain.However，she didn’t let that defeat her，and she became one of the famous artists of the 20th century. John Nash John Nash had mental disease.He mixed the line between what is real and what isn’t.His life story was given light due to the movie A Beautiful Mind.John Nash was aware of his illness but fought against it，not letting it tear him，and developed a successful academic career.He won a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. Andrea Bocelli Andrea Bocelli was partially blind but that didn’t stop him from taking piano lessons until he was 6 years old.Unfortunately，when he was 12 years old，he suffered a blow during a football game that completely blinded him.His blindness didn’t stop him from pursuing and focusing on singing. Bethany Hamilton Bethany Hamilton，at the age of 13，was a rising star surfer.However，after an attack with a 14-foot tiger shark，she，unfortunately，lost her left arm.One month after the attack，she was back on the seas and surfing to her dreams once again.After 2 years，she won her first national surfing title.She is still an active surf competitor to this day. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四位身患残疾的人，活出了自己精彩的人生。 1．Whose story was adapted for film? A．John Nash’s. B．Frida Kahlo’s. C．Andrea Bocelli’s. D．Bethany Hamilton’s. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据John Nash中“His life story was given light due to the movie A Beautiful Mind.”可知，约翰·纳什的故事被改编成了电影。故选A。 2．What can we know about Andrea Bocelli? A．He was fond of music. B．He was totally blind at 6. C．He was once a famous football player. D．He had to stay in bed because of his illness. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Andrea Bocelli中“His blindness didn’t stop him from pursuing and focusing on singing.”可知，他是一个热爱音乐的人。故选A。 3．How is the common part between Frida Kahlo and Bethany Hamilton? A．They were good at sports. B．They were born with disabilities. C．They met with a serious accident. D．They won some kind of national prizes. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Frida Kahlo中“When she became a young lady，she was also involved in an accident that worsened her problems.”以及Bethany Hamilton中“However，after an attack with a 14-foot tiger shark，she，unfortunately，lost her left arm.”可知，弗里达·卡罗和贝瑟尼·汉密尔顿的共同点是都遭遇了严重的事故。故选C。 B My middle child was born and rushed to the newborn intensive care unit(ICU)．I was shocked to learn that he was sick.Suddenly, my life was out of control.My husband and I with two full-time careers were dropping our 2-year-old at day care each morning before racing to visit our son at the hospital. “Let me know what I can do，” many of our loved ones said.Instead of reaching out, I withdrew and struggled to manage everything on my plate.Why did it feel awkward being on the receiving end of assistance? Being uncomfortable asking for help is an almost universal experience.We may worry about how embarrassing it will be if someone says no.We may also worry about how guilty we will feel if they say yes.“Do you see the person who asks for support as a burden？” I asked my mother.“No, of course not，” she said.“In fact, helping is one of the most rewarding experiences we can have.” Her words resonated(引起共鸣) with me.I was raised to be independent and to help others is something I’ve always enjoyed. I felt funny relying on people outside my inner circle.I thought leaning on my closest family and friends would be most comfortable, but they lived an hour or more away.Then the favors from others made me feel loved and supported.With them often taking care of meals and other areas of our lives, it was easier to focus and take in news from doctors. We all wish people could read our minds, know what we need and volunteer it.Actually, they have to understand that we need help, and know what kind we want them to give—that means we really do have to ask.I’m now a pro at asking for help.I don’t only rely on my inner circle.I have a large community of resources—which benefits all of us. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的儿子生病，自己和丈夫又是全职，所以感到不堪重负，但作者不愿请求别人帮助，怕自己成为别人的负担，但和母亲的一次谈话改变了作者的想法，作者意识到主动寻求别人帮助可以达到双赢。 4．How did the author feel after her son was born? A．Calm and indifferent. B．Cheerful and thrilled. C．Surprised and determined. D．Astonished and overwhelmed. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者对儿子生病感到很震惊，而且作者和丈夫是双职工，还要照顾新生儿和另一个2岁的孩子，作者感觉自己的生活完全失控了，不堪重负。由此可知，作者在儿子出生后的感受是震惊和不堪重负。故选D。 5．Why was the author not willing to receive others’ help at first? A．She was afraid of being a burden to others. B．She wanted to follow her mother’s advice. C．She was able to manage everything on her own. D．She felt embarrassed about sharing her privacy. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“‘Do you see the person who asks for support as a burden？’ I asked my mother.”可知，作者担心接受别人帮助就意味着自己成为别人的负担。故选A。 6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Doctors and nurses. B．The favors from others. C．Our closest family and friends. D．People outside my inner circle. 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据第四段前两句可知，作者更愿意接受来自“核心圈子(inner circle)”的亲朋好友的帮助，但由于他们住得很远，帮不了作者，所以后文提到的“the favors from others”指的是这些帮助作者的人并不是作者的核心圈子的朋友，由此可知，此处“them”指代上句中的“others”，即作者核心圈以外的朋友。故选D。 7．What does the author intend to convey? A．She is a pro at asking for help. B．Relying on our inner circle is essential. C．Asking for help may achieve a win-win outcome. D．Reading others’ minds is the key to offering help. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。纵观全文，作者改变想法的转折点来自母亲的回答——帮助他人可以给自己带来快乐，所以寻求他人帮助并不意味着会成为他人的负担。根据最后一段可知，作者现在很乐于主动寻求帮助，而且愿意依靠自己核心圈内和圈外的一切朋友，因为寻求帮助可以让彼此都获益，由此可知，作者想要传达的是寻求帮助可以达到双赢。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) There’s no good reason not to have a meaningful life. 1 But through careful thinking and self-reflection，we can take steps to change that. One thing that can help you find meaning in your life is structured，systematic reflection. 2 Then follow up on that by reflecting on what you’d like to add to your life and what you could get rid of to make it more meaningful.If this proves tricky，try taking a look at the lives of people you respect and thinking about what makes you think their lives are meaningful. 3 Imagine yourself，a few decades from now，finding out that you only have a few months or even only a few days to live.What are you happy to have done and sad not to have done? Reminding yourself that life has a limit will help you focus on what truly matters. What’s more，if you take a closer look，you might realize that your life is already full of meaning.All too often we don’t recognize what’s important until we are likely to lose it.But there’s no need to wait for adversity to help you appreciate the great things in your life. 4 Finally，you can make small changes and create new habits that will help you appreciate the value in your life. 5 This can help you cultivate a deeper sense of gratitude and find joy in the simple pleasures of everyday life. A．Firstly，try to be more aware of your preference. B．It can also help to see your life from a new angle. C．There are usual arguments about how life is meaningless. D．Sadly，we are always left struggling to find meaning in life. E．You can always expose yourself to the value that’s all around you. F．Start by making a list of things that are already meaningful in your life. G．It comes down to trying to see all the small things in your life with fresh eyes. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对如何让生活过得有意义给出一些有效的建议。 1．答案　D 解析　根据下文“But through careful thinking and self-reflection，we can take steps to change that.”可知，上文说的应该是很难找到生活的意义，D项“可悲的是，我们总是很难寻找到生活的意义”符合题意，故选择D项。 2．答案　F 解析　下文“Then follow up on that by reflecting on what you’d like to add to your life and what you could get rid of to make it more meaningful.”中的Then与F选项中的Start呼应，且F项表达的内容与下文一致，故F项“首先列一张清单，列出你生活中已经有意义的事情”符合题意，故选择F项。 3．答案　B 解析　根据下文“Imagine yourself，a few decades from now，finding out that you only have a few months or even only a few days to live.What are you happy to have done and sad not to have done？”可知，这里说的是要换个视角来看待自己的生活，B项“从一个新的角度看待你的生活也会对你有帮助”符合题意，故选择B项。 4．答案　E 解析　上文“All too often we don’t recognize what’s important until we are likely to lose it.But there’s no need to wait for adversity to help you appreciate the great things in your life.”讲的是不要等失去了才珍惜，故下文要讲应该怎么做，E项“你可以总是让自己接触你周围的积极的宝贵事物”符合题意，故选择E项。 5．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Finally，you can make small changes and create new habits that will help you appreciate the value in your life.”可知，这里要说的是如何更好地体会生活的价值，G项“归根结底，就是要用新的眼光看待生活中的所有小事”符合题意，句中的come down to“归根结底”用于总结概括，符合语境，下文中的This指代的就是选项中的建议，故选择G项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The world 1. (celebrate) Earth Day every year on April 22.It is a day for us 2. (think) seriously about how our lifestyles and daily habits influence the earth. In English there are many expressions with the word “earth”．So，let’s start with the simple and common 3. (express) “on earth”．We use “on earth” to express strong 4. (feel) like surprise and anger.Here are some 5. (practice) examples.“Why on earth didn’t you come to the party? It was great.” And “I did not know 6. on earth she was talking about.” The word “earth” sometimes comes up when a person wants to make big promises to someone they care about.When you say you will “go to the ends of the earth for someone”，it means you will do as much as possible to help 7. (they)．For example,8. the wife became sick，the husband went to the ends of the earth to find the best doctor for her. Down-to-earth people are the people whom you can depend on.Flighty people are the opposite.They change their minds 9. (easy)． The expression “10. salt of the earth” comes from the Bible.It describes a very good person.For example，my neighbors never stop helping people in need.I can call them the-salt-of-the-earth type people. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了关于词汇“earth”的一些常见表达。 1．答案　celebrates 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据本句的时间状语every year on April 22可知此处为一般现在时，表经常性、习惯性发生的动作。主语为单数名词The world，因此celebrate应用第三人称单数。故填celebrates。 2．答案　to think 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to think。 3．答案　expression 解析　考查名词。空格前边为the simple and common，故设空处应填名词。故填expression。 4．答案　feelings 解析　考查名词复数。feeling作“情绪，情感”讲是可数名词。根据后面的“like surprise and anger”可知，此处应为多种情绪。故填feelings。 5．答案　practical 解析　考查形容词。根据后面的examples可知，此处应用形容词修饰。故填practical。 6．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作talking about的宾语。故填what。 7．答案　them 解析　考查代词宾格。分析句子结构可知，此处作help的宾语。故填them。 8．答案　when 解析　考查时间状语从句。句意：当妻子生病的时候，丈夫会历尽千辛万苦为她找最好的医生。结合句意可知此处为when。故填when。 9．答案　easily 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰谓语动词change。故填easily。 10．答案　the 解析　考查典故。the salt of the earth意为“高尚的、诚实的、真正的好人”。故填the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading What is life? Unit 4 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　基础知识达标 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A.An introduction to Bertrand Russell. B.Bertrand Russell’s books. C.Bertrand Russell’s lifelong passions. D.Bertrand Russell’s life. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Russell’s three lifelong passions The vision of the glorious world in the union of love Longing for love Bringing 1._______ Relieving 2.__________ Search for knowledge Understanding the 3.________ of men Knowing why the stars 4._______ Trying to understand the Pythagorean power Pity for the suffering of mankind Children in famine Victims 5._______ by oppressors Helpless old people a 6.________ to theirsons The whole world of loneliness, 7.________ and pain delight loneliness hearts shine tortured burden poverty Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.How many reasons did Russell list when explaining why he sought knowledge? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. √ 2.What brought Russell back to earth? A.Love. B.Knowledge. C.Pity. D.Passion. √ 3.What role doesn’t belong to Russell? A.A writer. B.A mathematician. C.A philosopher. D.A musician. √ 4.What became Russell’s third passion? A.Pity for the suffering of mankind. B.The longing for love. C.The search for knowledge. D.The desire to live longer. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Bertrand Russell，known 1. a philosopher，mathematician and writer，has made great 2. (contribute) to Western philosophy. As his autobiography shows，the three passions have governed his life. 3. (full) aware of the importance of love，Russell thought love is an 4.____________(break) combination of delight and well-wishing.Following his second passion，he actively 5. (seek) knowledge at every opportunity，whose academic achievements are far too numerous 6. (list). as contributions Fully unbreakable sought to list Pity for the suffering of mankind led him to devote much of his life to getting 7. (involve) in political and social activism.Russell is 8.____ outstanding that his achievements still remain relevant to this day.It is possible that the best description of 9. was important to him comes from Russell 10. (he) in his prologue，“What I Have Lived For”. involved so what 返 回 himself 难句分析 长句 12 1.I have sought love，first，because it brings delight—delight so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life a few hours of this joy.(P44；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句。because引导 从句，so...that...引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 for 复合 原因状语 结果状语 我寻求爱，首先是因为爱带给我快乐——那快乐是如此强烈，以至于我常愿牺牲生命中的一切来换取几小时这样的欢愉。 2.This is what I sought，and though it might seem too good for human life，this is what—at last—I have found.(P44；Para.2) 结构分析：此句是and连接的 句。第一个分句中，what引导 从句；第二个分句中，though引导 从句，what引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 并列 表语 表语 让步状语 这就是我所寻觅的，尽管它对人的一生来说似乎过于美好，但我最终还是寻得了它。 3.Children in famine，victims (torture) by oppressors，helpless old people a burden to their sons，and the whole world of loneliness，poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.(P44；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句。主句的主语为_________________________ __________；what引导 ，且在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ tortured 复合 Children in famine...poverty 忍饥挨饿的孩子、受到压迫者欺凌的人们、被子女视作累赘的无助老者，以及这满是孤独、贫困和痛苦的全世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。 and pain 宾语从句 表语 4.In the prologue to his autobiography，entitled “What I Have Lived For”，Russell identifies the three passions that have governed his life: the longing for love，the search for knowledge and pity for the _________(suffer) of mankind.(P45；Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句。主句为 ；entitled...为过去分词短语作 ，修饰autobiography；that引导 从句，修饰passions。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ suffering 复合 Russell identifies the three passions 后置定语 定语 在其自传的序言《我为什么而活着》中，罗素自陈一生被三种激情所支配：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类苦难的同情。 5.Russell’s acknowledgement of the importance of (seek) knowledge at every opportunity，whether to better understand our fellow man or the world in which we live，comes as no surprise.(P45；Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句。主句为_______________________________ _______________；whether...or...意为“ ”，in which we live为“介词＋关系代词”引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ seeking 复合 Russell’s acknowledgement comes as no surprise 罗素认为不论是为了更好地认识人类自身，还是我们生活的这个世界，竭尽所能地获取知识是很重要的。他的想法不足为奇。 无论……还是…… 定语 6.His academic achievements are far too numerous list，but he won the Nobel Prize in Literature，discovered Russell’s paradox (lead) to new thinking in logic and set theory，and was recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy.(P45；Para.3) 结构分析：此句是but连接的 句。第二个分句中，谓语为________ _________________________。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ to leading 并列 罗素的学术成就实在是不胜枚举。他获得诺贝尔文学奖，发现罗素悖论，这一悖论引发逻辑学和集合论领域的新思想。罗素还被认为是现代分析哲学的奠基人之一。 won， discovered，was recognized 7.Pity for the suffering of mankind became his third passion，which led him to dedicate much of his life easing the pain of others through political and social activism.(P45；Para.4) 结构分析：此句是 句。which引导 ，修饰_____ _____________。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to 复合 非限制性定语从句 third passion 对人类苦难的同情成了他的第三种激情，使他将大半生都致力于通过政治和社会活动来减轻他人的痛苦。 his 8.There have been many attempts (sum) up his remarkable life，but perhaps the best (describe) of what was important to him comes from Russell himself in his prologue，“What I Have Lived For”.(P45；Para.5) 结构分析：此句为but连接的 句。第一个分句为 句型；第二个分句中，what引导 ，且在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to sum description 并列 主语 许多人试图总结他非凡的一生，然而，对他最看重的事情的最佳描述，也许就出自其本人的这篇序言——《我为什么而活着》。 there be 宾语从句 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 I have sought it，next，because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss.(P44；Para.2) 我寻求爱，其次是因为爱排遣孤独——在那可怕的孤独中，一缕颤抖的灵魂在世界尽头俯瞰那冰冷、死寂的深渊。 结构分析：此句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句；in which为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 · “介词＋关系代词”结构中关系代词的选择，根据句中先行词来判断， 如果先行词指物，就用“介词＋which”，如果先行词指人，就用“介词＋whom”。 · “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 · “表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom” 结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示全部或部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all、both、none、some、most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。 (1)在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person ______________________ __________. (2)在我看来，家长和孩子们的关系应该是充满爱、关心和理解的，在这个关系中家长和孩子们彼此尊重并且自由地交流想法。 In my opinion，the relationship between parents and children should be one filled with love，care and understanding，in which parents and children show respect for each other and exchange ideas freely. to whom she could turn for help (3)一切进展得很顺利，我被鲜花和掌声包围。然而，我想与之分享我的喜悦的人是我的老师。 Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by flowers and applause.However，_____________________________________________ _____________. (4)令人惊讶的是，她赢得学生的尊重，后来所有的学生都变得自信、体贴、举止得体。 Amazingly，she earned respect from her students，__________________ _______________________________________________. the person with whom I desired to share my joy was my teacher all of whom later grew to be confident，considerate and well-behaved 课文重点词块默写 1.朴素却无比强烈 ________________________________ 2.对爱的渴望 ___________________ 3.对知识的追求 _______________________ 4.对人类苦难的深切同情 ______________________________________ 5.狂风 _____________ 6.直抵绝望的边缘 ______________________________ 7.牺牲……以换取…… ______________ simple but overwhelmingly strong the longing for love the search for knowledge unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind great winds reach to the very edge of despair sacrifice...for... 8.俯瞰 __________ 9.支配 __________ 10.使某人回到现实 ____________________ 11.在某人心中回荡 _________________ 12.……的负担 ___________ 13.渴望做 __________ 14.对……有影响 __________________ 15.被看成，被看作 ______________ look over hold sway bring sb back to earth echo in one’s heart a burden to long to do have an influence on be regarded as 16.在……方面发挥作用 ______________ 17.牢不可破的结合 ____________________________ 18.与某人分享 _____________ 19.知道，明白，意识到 ____________ 20.无论……还是…… _____________ 21.不足为奇 __________________ 22.太……而不…… _____________ 23.赢得诺贝尔文学奖 ______________________________ play a role in... an unbreakable combination of share with sb be aware of whether...or... come as no surprise far too...to... win the Nobel Prize in Literature 24.导致，通向 ________ 25.被认可为 ________________ 26.献身于；把(时间、精力等)用于 _______________ 27.减轻他人的痛苦 _____________________ 28.强调……的危险 _______________________ 29.到了……程度 _____________ 30.总结 _________ 返 回 lead to be recognized as dedicate...to... ease the pain of others highlight the dangers of to the extent sum up 知识达标 基础 29 1.我一直对林巧稚的终生热爱感到钦佩，它是关于公众健康的提升和妇女教育的推动。(which引导非限制性定语从句) I have always been impressed by Lin Qiaozhi’s lifelong passion，________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2.林巧稚是一位传奇的中国科学家，因为她对中国医学领域做出了重要的贡献。(because引导原因状语从句) Lin Qiaozhi was a legendary Chinese scientist，______________________ __________________________________________________. 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) is about the improvement of public health and the promotion of women’s education. because she made significant contributions to the field of Chinese medicine which 3.她对中国现代产科学和妇科学的创立和发展做出了巨大的奉献。 the establishment and development of obstetrics and gynecology in modern China. 4.此外，她还培训了几代杰出的能让数百万妇女和儿童获益的继任者们。(that引导定语从句) Besides，she trained generations of outstanding successors ____________ _____________________________________. She made great commitment to benefit millions of women and children that would 5.我对林医生在一生中所做的事情感到钦佩。(what引导宾语从句) I’m impressed by . what Doctor Lin did in her life 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。Dear Paul， __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ I am writing to give you some information about Dr Lin Qiaozhi.I have always been impressed by Lin Qiaozhi’s lifelong passion，which is about the improvement of public health and the promotion of women’s education.Lin Qiaozhi was a legendary Chinese scientist，because she made significant contributions to the field of Chinese medicine. As a remarkable medical scientist，Lin Qiaozhi was the only female scientist of the first academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Personally having delivered more than 50,000 babies in her life， _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Lin Qiaozhi was regarded as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She made great commitment to the establishment and development of obstetrics and gynecology in modern China.Besides，she trained generations of outstanding successors that would benefit millions of women and children. I’m impressed by what Doctor Lin did in her life. 返 回 Yours， Li Hua 本课结束 $$