Unit 3 Environmental Protection（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

注意：词数80左右。 [范文赏析] Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you something about how to keep healthy. Firstly,it is important for you to keep a balanced diet,which is good to your health.We should try to cut out foods containing lots of sugar and fat. What's more,we have to get rid of those bad habits damaging our health. Last but not least,we should work out regularly every day.Even if we are busy,we should try to do some exercise to strengthen our body. Follow my advice,and you will lead a healthy life in future.Looking forward to your good news. Yours sincerely, Li Hua UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Section 1 Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] 1.starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿：饿死 ·starve for渴望，极想得到 starve to death饿死 ·starvation m.挨饿 ·starving adj.饥饿的，挨饿的 be starving for sth./to do sth.渴望某事/做某事 DI am starving to study English well,because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. 我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。 2These people will starve to death unless they receive assistance soon. 除非马上得到援助，不然这些人很快就会饿死。 ·23· 3It's obvious that the children in the charity house are starving for care. 显然，福利院的孩子渴望关心。 2.refer to指的是：提到，说起；有关：提交 ·refer to...as... 把…称作… refer..to..把…提交给… ·reference n.提及；参考；查阅 reference book参考书；工具书 When he delivered his speech on how to release the great pressure,he didn't refer to his notes. 当他发表关于如何释放巨大压力的演讲时，他没有参考他的笔记。 3.release vt.&n.排放：释放；发布 ·release.,.from... 把…从…释放 ·on release发行，在公映 the latest release最新发行的产品 DSinging is a good way to release stress and emotions. 唱歌是释放压力和发泄情感的好方法。 2It is reported that an interesting film is on release in that cinema. 据报道，一部有趣的电影在那个电影院公映。 4.sustain vt.维持：遭受；承受住 sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失/伤害/失败 sustain one's interest保持某人的兴趣 ·sustainable adj.可以忍受的；合理利用的：可持续的 sustainable development 可持续发展 sustainable growth可持续增长 DThe love and support of his family sustained him during his hard time. 家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了艰难的岁月。 2Sustainable development is a brand new idea of society development. 可持续发展是一种全新的社会发展观。 5.fuen.燃料；刺激性言行v.给…提供燃料；刺激 fossil fuel化石燃料 add fuel to the fire火上浇油 run out of fuel耗尽燃料 He had almost run out of fuel and was forced to pull into a filling station. 他差不多把油用光了，不得不把车开进一家加油站。 ·24· 6.broadcast vt.&vi.播送：广播；传播n.广播节目：电视节目 ·broadcast..,to.., 把…广（传）播给… broadcast live直播 ·make a broadcast广播；宣传 a live broadcast现场直播 news television broadcast新闻，电视广播 DWe watched a live broadcast of the speech. 我们观看了那场演讲的现场直播。 2Walking in the street,she heard the good music being broadcast over the radio. 走在街上，她听到收音机里正播送着美妙的音乐。 7.restrict vt..限制：限定；束缚：妨碍 ·be restricted to限制（在某范围） restrict one's freedom 限制某人的自由 ·restriction n.限制规定：限制法规；约束 without restriction 没有限制 ·restrictive adj.限制（性）的：约束（性）的 DMy mother often restricts my freedom.which makes me burn with anger. 我的母亲经常限制我的自由，这使我非常生气。 2The number of club members is restricted to ten,so it is difficult to be admitted to the club. 俱乐部成员的数量被限制在10人以内，因此进入这个俱乐部很难。 3 The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without restriction. 新开的游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有限制。 8.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 seize sb.by the十身体部位抓住某人的 seize a chance./an opportunity抓住机会 seize on,upon抓住（可利用的事物）；突然对…大为关注 DThe moment I saw my father's cloudy face,panic seized me. 我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。 2I will seize the precious opportunity to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability. 我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加这次活动，提升自己的综合能力。 ·25· 3I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by the arm. 我正要从悬崖上摔下去，这时父亲伸出他有力的手抓住了我的胳膊。 9.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖。 ·There is no.little doubt that..毫无疑问…，本句中的doubt后接同 位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。 ·其他句型有： There is some doubt whether... …有些疑问。 There is no doubt that..,.…是毫无疑问的。 I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑… I don't doubt that.../I have no doubt that... 我毫不怀疑…。 DThere is no doubt that learning a foreign language will be beneficial to children throughout their lives. 毫无疑问，学习一门外语对孩子终生有益。 There is some doubt whether I can inspire him to study hard to achieve his goal. 我是否能够激励他努力学习实现他的目标还有些疑问。 3I don't doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our routine life. =I have no doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our routine life. 毫无疑问，电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 10.Without this process,Earth could not sustain life. 没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。 ·本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引 起虚拟语气。 ·类似用法的还有：otherwise,or,but for等。 DWithout your generous assistance,I couldn't have won the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. 如果没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。 2But for my English teacher's encouragement and assistance,I would have given up studying English. 没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。 ·26· What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we would have had a good time together. 真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会很开心的。 Section 2 Learning About Language [基础知识必备] 1.harmonious adj.和谐的 harmony n.和谐：融洽 in harmony with与…协调 out of harmony with与…不协调 As is known to all,a harmonious dormitory life is important to students and benefits all the members. 众所周知，和谐的宿舍生活对学生很重要并且对所有成员都有好处。 The local villagers are living in harmony with nature. 当地的村民和大自然和谐相处。 2.submit vt.&i.提交；呈递；屈服 ·submit to 服从于：屈从于 submit oneself to甘受…；服从… submit...to..,向…提交 ·submission n.提交的文件：屈服；服从 DThe boss requested that all applications should be submitted by Monday. 老板要求所有的申请必须在星期一之前提交 2He submitted his proposal for urban development to the government. 他向政府提交了城市发展的建议。 3.on behalf of代表（代替）某人 on behalf of sb.=on sb.'s behalf ·represent vt.代表；象征；表示 ·stand for代表：象征；支持 DOn behalf of our school,I am going to pick him up at the airport. 我将代表我们学校去机场接他。 My husband could not be here tonight,but I want to thank you on his behalf. 今晚我丈夫有事不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。 ·27· The man representing that company is standing over there. 代表那个公司的人站在那里。 The little boy asked me what the letters on the flag stood for. 那个小男孩问我那面旗上的字母代表什么。 [同步语法精讲] 直接引语与间接引语 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，直接引语一般前后要加引号。间接 引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。 一、人称变化的三原则 1.“(第)一（人称）随主”原则 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照 主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said,"I want to have a computer of my own. 玛丽说：“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”（直接引语内为第一人称） Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。（间接引语中随主语改为第三人 称) 2.“(第)二（人称）随宾”原则 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称 要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用 第一人称。 Her colleague said to her,"Who did you ask for a leave?" 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”（直接引语中为第二人称） Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。（间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称） 3.“第三人称不更新”原则 指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需 要变化。 Mr Li said,“Jack is a good worker..” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”（直接引语为第三人称） -Mr Li said Jack was a good worker 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。（改为间接引语后人称不变） ·28· 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 句子时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him,"We are planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”（直接引语为现在进行时） His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。（间接引语为过去进行时） The organiser said,“We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”（直接引语为现在完成时） The organiser said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。（间接引语为过去完成时） [名师指津]直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言： (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 My teacher said to us yesterday,"Early birds catch worms." 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”（直接引语是谚语） My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。（变成间接引语时态不变） 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 引语 直接引语 用词 间接引语 this这个 that那个 指示代词 these这些 those那些 ·29· 续表 引语 用词 直接引语 间接引语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning that morning 今天上午 那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day 第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 时间状语 last night昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 the day before two days before yesterday前天 两天前 three days ago three days before 三天前 三天前 next week the next/following 下一周 week第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 bring带来 take带走 方向性动词 come来 g0去 ·30· She asked,“Is this book his?” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”（直接引语中用this) She asked whether that book was his 她问那本书是不是他的。（间接引语中改为that) p“I'll be very busy today,”said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”（直接引语中用today) ->The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说，那天他会很忙。（间接引语中改为that day) 四、连接词的选择 1.直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句，在 口语中，that可以省略。 He said,"I was cooking when the earthquake happened." >He said (that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened. [名师指津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“sid tosb.”常改为“told sb.”。 She said to me,“I came back an hour ago.” -She told me (that)she had come back an hour before. 2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用 whether(...or.,或.，.or not)或if引导。 He said,"Are you interested in English?" -He asked (me)if/whether I was interested in English. [名师指津]如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。 3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其 余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 p“What's your name?”he asked me. He asked me what my name was. [名师指津]疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述句 语序。 五、祈使句变间接引语 如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句，变 为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带o的不定式，并在不定式 前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask,tell,order,suggest, advise,beg,warn,remind,invite,request,command,encourage等a动词。 1.表示命令的祈使句 引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask tell,order sb.todo sth.的形式。 "Finish the task in ten minutes,"the manager said to the clerk. -The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes. ·31· p“Keep silent!”said the chairman. ->The chairman ordered to keep silent. 2.表示建议等的析使句 当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句时，多用suggest十 doing./that从句(suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should+ 动词原形，should可以省略)，及ask/advise./want/beg十sb.+todo等 结构。 Mary said,"Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon. ->Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon. -Mary suggested that we (should)go to the art exhibition that afternoon. p“Please have a rest,”she said to us. -She asked us to have a rest. 3.表示警告或提醒的祈使句 引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind,warn等词转述。 "Take an umbrella in case of rain,"his mother said to him. -His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain. The leader said to the workers,"Don't speak while working. -The leader warned the workers not to speak while working. [名师指津](1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在 变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.。 (2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的 宾语用。 She said,“Don't make so much noise,children！” -She told the children not to make so much noise. 六、表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 若直接引语是“Could/,Can/Will/Would..please?”类型的一般疑问句， 变间接引语时常用“ask sb.to do sth.”结构，且please要去掉。 "Would you buy some bread for me?"he said to her. -He asked her to buy some bread for him. "Would you sleep and get up early,children?"Father said. -Father asked the children to sleep and get up early. 七、感叹句变间接引语 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that 引导。 p“What a beautiful dress it is！”the girl said to her friend. ->The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was. -The girl told her friend that it was a very beautiful dress. ·32·