Unit 1 Art（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1 ART Section 1 Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] l.in particular尤其；特别 ·particular adj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的 be particular about/,over对…很讲究/挑剔 ·particularly ad.特别；尤其 DAs far as I'm concerned,I love playing football in particular and my dream is to be a national football player in the future. 就我而言，我特别喜欢踢足球，我的梦想是在未来成为一名国家足球运 动员。 2Mary is going on a diet,so she is particular about/over her food. 玛丽正在节食，所以她对食物很挑剔。 2.set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于… set aside留出；把…置于一旁 set down写下；记下 set about doing sth.开始做某事 set out to do sth.开始做某事 DHe had a particular voice,which set him apart from others in our small town. 他嗓音很特别，这使他不同于我们小镇上的其他人。 2I strongly recommend you to set aside at least ten minutes to read English loudly every day. 我强烈建议你每天至少留出十分钟大声朗读英语。 3.influential adj,有很大影响力的；有支配力的 ·influence n.&.l.影响 be influenced by..被…所影响 ·have an influence/effect/,impact on对…有影响 under one's influence在某人的影响下 Beijing Opera is one of the most influential operas in China,which has been listed on intangible cultural heritage items. 京剧是中国最有影响的戏剧之一，已列入非物质文化遗产名录。 ·1· 4.reputation n.名誉；名声 have a good reputation for 以…闻名 have a bad/,good reputation有坏/好名声 lose/ruin one's reputation名誉扫地 live up to one's reputation不负盛名 DIt was because of his knowledge and contribution to China that Confucius enjoyed a great reputation. 正是因为他的学识和对中国的贡献，孔子才享有盛誉。 2There is no doubt that Beijing lives up to its reputation as a famous ancient capital of China. 毫无疑问，北京是一座名副其实的中国古都。 5.rank n.地位；级别行列vt.&vi.把…分等级；使排成行 ·people of all ranks各阶层人士 the first rank一流的 ·rank...as... 把…评为… rank high名列前茅 DThe reporter told us that the exhibition would attract people of all ranks. 那位记者告诉我们，这个展览将吸引各阶层人士。 2We will enjoy some other paintings,and they are also of the first rank. 我们将欣赏一些其他的绘画，它们也是一流的。 3Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ranking second in China. 山东省今年生产了5000万磅苹果，在中国排名第二。 6.purchase vt.购买；采购n,购买；购买的东西 ·purchase sth.(from sb.)(向某人)购买某物 ·make a purchase采购 DI encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. 我鼓励读者在买不起书的时候去当地的图书馆。 2With all the necessities purchased,Mrs Clark drove home directly. 所有的必需品都买了，克拉克夫人直接开车回家了。 3All these purchases were paid either in cash or by credit card. 所有这些购买的东西都是用现金或者信用卡支付的。 ·2· 7.emerge vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露 ·emerge from从…出现；（从困境中）摆脱出来 It has emerged that... (事实等)已显露出来… ·emergent adj.新兴的；紧急的 ·emergence n.出现；兴起 DBesides,with the development of the new industry,there also emerge problems. 此外，随着新产业的发展，问题也产生了。 2Our government took some emergent measures to fight against the virus. 我们政府采取一些紧急措施来抗击病毒。 8.convey vt..表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送 convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb. 向某人表达某人的感情 谢意/祝愿 convey..tosb.向某人表达… convey sth..from..to.,把某物从…运送到… DWhat I want to convey is that it is your kindness and consideration that make my stay in China enjoyable 我想表达的是正是您的好心和体贴使得我在中国过得很愉快。 2I should convey my sincere appreciation to my teachers,without whose help I wouldn't have achieved such a big success. 我应该向我的老师们表达我诚挚的谢意，没有他们的帮助，我不会取得这 么大的成功。 9.be fond of喜爱；喜欢（表示状态） “be十adj.十of”结构的其他常用短语： be tired of...厌烦… be short of... 缺少… be aware of...知道，意识到… be proud of..对…感到自豪 DActually I am very fond of Tang poems,especially those written by Li Bai,a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty. 其实我很喜欢唐诗，尤其是唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人李白写的诗。 2Peter finally decided to go on with the experiment even though he was aware of the risk. 尽管彼得意识到有风险，他最终还是决定继续进行这项实验。 ·3· 10.While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment. 尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实 人物。 ·当while意为“当…时候；和…同时”时，引导时间状语从句； ·当while意为“尽管；虽然”时，引导让步状语从句； ·当while意为“只要”时，引导条件状语从句； ·当while意为“然而；可是”时，连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。 While traveling can broaden your mind,I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间 和金钱。 11.Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 最后，大多数客户想要看上去既美丽又有趣的画。 ·句型：主语十be十adj.+todo不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义 ·使用条件：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；不定式前 常用形容词有：difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,pleasant, interesting,exciting DThe reason why many people are fond of morning exercises is that the morning air is comfortable to breathe. 很多人都喜欢晨练的原因是早晨的空气呼吸起来很舒服。 The math problem is difficult to solve,so I must turn to my teacher for practical tips. 这道数学题很难解，所以我必须向老师请教实用技巧。 12.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?” 他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？” what是连接代词，在此句中引导主语从句，含义为“the things that'”, what可在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或者定语。 What astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings. 使我吃惊的是她根本不关心我的感受。 2What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment. 我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。 。4· Section 2 Learning About Language [基础知识必备] 1.attempt vt.&n.努力，尝试，试图 ·attempt to do sth. =make an attempt to do sth. 打算/企图做某事 ·at the first attempt第一次尝试 make an attempt at doing sth.试图做某事 ·attempted adj.未遂的，企图的 DI appreciate your attempt to enhance our oral English by randomly organizing pair work in class. 我感谢你在课堂上随机组织结对练习来提高我们口语的尝试。 2Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures.(attempt v. =Body language is particularly important when we make an attempt to communicate/at communicating across cultures.(attempt n.) 当我们尝试跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。 3Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it at the first attempt. 吉姆为他的驾驶考试做了仔细的准备，以便他能确信第一次考试就能 通过。 2.deal with处理，应对；涉及；讨论；与…打交道；论述 ·do with和deal with两者都可以表示“处理，应对”，但是deal是不及物 动词，而do是及物动词。 ·do with经常与连接代词what连用，而deal with经常与连接副词how 连用。 We must take positive steps to deal with the problem. 我们必须采取积极措施处理这个问题。 2What should I do with these old books? 我应该如何处理这些旧书？ 3He is very experienced and knows how to deal with difficult situations. 他很有经验，知道如何应对困难的情况。 [同步语法精讲] 动词不定式（短语）作表语 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，可以放在be动词之后作表语，通常说 明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。 ·5· 一、动词不定式（短语）作表语的用法 l.不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词如be,become,seem,sound,taste, remain,appear,get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。 Her wish is to become a key college student after graduation. 她的愿望是毕业后成为一名名校大学生。 Whether the medicine works remains to be seen. 这种药是否有效还要拭目以待。 The efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. 坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。 2.主语是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose, mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task,goal等抽象名词为中心 词的名词词组及what引导的主语从句，常用不定式作表语。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是发展儿童美好的品格。 The best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 打造一支出色的队伍最好的方法是把一群最有才华的个人聚集起来。 What he wanted to suggest was to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降低价格，增加销量。 3.疑问词十不定式结构作表语 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加动词不定式构 成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 Our difficulty is where to find a guide leading us into the rainforest. 我们的困难是在哪里找到一个带领我们进入热带雨林的向导。 The biggest challenge is how to prevent the spread of the disease effectively. 最大的挑战是如何有效阻止疾病的传播。 4.be to do表示计划、安排、命令、注定、目的、应该、可能等意义。 Sweden is to close all high schools and universities from Wednesday. 瑞典将从周三起关闭所有高中和大学。（计划、安排） This naughty boy is to stay here until class is over. 这个淘气的男孩必须待在这里直到下课。（命令》 She shows great interest in music so she is to be a musician in time. 她对音乐非常感兴趣，因此，她迟早会成为一名音乐家的。（注定） If you are to succeed,you should be patient and persistent. 要想成功，你就应该要有耐心和毅力。（目的） ·6· 二、动词不定式（短语）作表语省略o的情况 动词不定式（短语）作表语时，一般情况下动词不定式符号t0不能省略， 但在以下几种情况下可省略动词不定式符号to: 1.al作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 All we need to do is live each day with hope. 我们需要做的就是带着希望过好每一天。 2.what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 What the government will do next step is protect our environment from being polluted further. 政府下一步要做的是保护环境免受进一步污染。 3.(主句)主语被only,first,one,least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语 的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 The only thing I can do now is stick to the plan by myself. 我能做的唯一一件事就是自己坚持这项计划。 三、动词不定式（短语）和动名词（短语）作表语的区别 1.一般情况下，区别不大，可通用。 Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 2.动名词表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的，而不定式表示某次具体的动作。 My job is teaching in a middle school. 我的工作是在中学教学。 My job this afternoon is to teach you English. 我今天下午的工作是教你英语。 Section 3 Using Language Assessing Your Progress [基础知识必备] l.representative adj,典型的；有代表性的n.代表 ·be representative of是…的代表，是…中典型的 ·represent ut.代表；表示：象征 represent sb.as/tobe把某人说成 represent sth.tosb.向某人陈述某事 DThen,an OIC representative gave us some details,which somewhat interested me. 后来，OIC组织的一位代表给我们提供了一些细节，这倒让我对此多少产 生了些兴趣。 2Representing our school,I'm glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game. 我非常高兴代表我们学校，告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些 事宜。 2.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少：下降； 衰落；谢绝 ·on the decline在下坡路上；在衰退（减少） in decline在下降；在衰退中 ·decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 decline by下降了/减少了. decline to下降至/减少至… DThe number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. 员工人数从21.7万减少到了11.4万。 2As the economy was in decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs. 由于经济衰退，镇上的一些人失业了。 3The number of tourists to the famous town declined by 10%last year. 去年到这个名镇上的游客减少了10%。 3.recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉 ·beyond recognition认不出 ·recognise vt.认出；辨认出；意识到 recognise...as... 承认…是… It is recognised that...人们承认… DI went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond recognition. 二十年后我回到家乡，这个城市已经变得面目全非了。 2It is recognised that smoking does harm to our health. 人们都认为吸烟有害健康。 4.expansion n.扩张；扩展；扩大 expand vt.&vi.扩大；增加 expand on/upon充分叙述 DIt is a good way to expand your vocabulary by reading far and wide. 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的好方法。 2I'd appreciate it if you expand on/upon that point. 如果你把这一点详细说明一下我将感激不尽。 ·8· 5.bring..to life赋予…生命；使…鲜活起来 come to life活跃起来；苏醒 come back to life苏醒过来；复活 live/lead a(n)..life过着…生活 DAfter the earthquake,the villagers tried their best to bring the village (back)to life. 地震后，村民们尽力使村子恢复生机。 2When the children heard that their teacher came (back)to life,the whole class came to life at once. 当孩子们听说老师苏醒过来，整个班立刻活跃了起来。 3The smile on her face suggested that she was living a happy life. 她脸上的笑容表明她过着幸福的生活。 6.guarantee vt..保证；确保；肯定…必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物 guarantee sb.sth.=guarantee sth.to sb. 向某人保证某事 guarantee to do sth..保证做某事 ·under guarantee在保修期内 give sb.a guarantee that,..,向某人担保 D The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing our rights. 过去的三十年目睹了许多法律保证我们的权利。 2There is no need to worry,for your new computer is under guarantee. 没必要担心，因为你的新电脑在保修期内。 7.worthy adj.值得…的；有价值的 of sth.值… ·be worthy-十of being done值得做… to be done值得做…。 ·be worth+n. 值得…；值…的 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 to do sth. ·it's worthwhile+ 做某事是值得的 doing sth. DShe is a teacher who is worthy of respect. 她是位值得尊敬的老师。 2Personally speaking,the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worth watching. ·9· =As far as I'm concerned,the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy to be watched. =In my opinion/view,the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy of being watched. -From my point of view,it is well worthwhile watching/to watch the opening ceremony of the music festival. 我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。 8.Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier,it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. 尽管佛教进入中国的时间要早得多，但直到公元7世纪才真正开始传播。 ·句中的even though意为“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，even though可用even if替换。 ·在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，其谓语动词用一般现在时 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ·在主从句主语相同或从句主语为it,且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某 种形式时，也可采用省略结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词。 DThere is little connection between the two boys even if/though they look much alike. 尽管这两个男孩长得很像，但他们之间几乎没有什么联系。 2The lady won't go to attend his birthday party even if invited. 即使被邀请，那位女士也不会去参加他的生日派对。 9.Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. 因此，中国雕塑深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响。 “find十宾语十宾语补足语”结构归纳： 「现在分词（表示主动、正在进行） 过去分词（表示被动、完成） ·find十宾语+ 形容词 介词短语 ·find十it十形容词/名词十todo(it是形式宾语，todo是真正的宾语) DEven the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. 即使是最优秀的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。 2When Tom found himself taken to an unknown village,he was quite frightened. 当汤姆发现自己被带到一个未知的村庄时，他非常害怕。 10·