Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ Grammar Lessons in life Unit2 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成后面的小题。 Are you ready to get fit? We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again.Our facilities ①have been enlarged and redone，and our center is now bigger and better than ever before.The finishing touches ②are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms ③will have been updated with modern equipment by the end of this month.Come by and check them out! 语境感悟 Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.Weight training classes，for example，④are being designed and ⑤will be added to our programme soon.We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches.We are confident that we have something for everyone.Looking forward to seeing you here! [自主发现] 以上加颜色部分均使用了　　　语态，其中句　　是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是 ；句　　和　　是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是　　　　　　　　　　；句　　是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是　　　　　　　　　　　 ；句　　是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是　　　　　　　　。 被动 have/has been done ② ④ ① am/is/are being done ③ will/shall have been done ⑤ will/shall be done 语法精讲 被动语态 一、被动语态的概念 英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 会议已因故被推迟了。 2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。 A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。 三、各种时态的被动语态 1.These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis. 这些电器每月都被检修。 2.The science fiction novel was published in 2016. 这部科幻小说于2016年出版。 3.The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company. 这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。 4.Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged. 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。 5. Numerous efforts were being made to help him achieve his ambition. 为了帮助他实现自己的抱负，人们作出了许多努力。 6.The manager said Tom would be dismissed. 经理说汤姆会被解雇。 7.Facial recognition technology has been extended to many areas of school life so far. 到目前为止，人脸识别技术已经被应用到学校生活的许多领域。 8.The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party. 女主席说她已经受邀参加聚会了。 9.The commercial will have been finished by the end of this week. 这则广告本周末会被完成。 总 结 <<< 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done 一般过去时 be(was/were) done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done 过去进行时 be(was/were) being done 总 结 <<< 时态 被动语态的构成 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况 1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed. 当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。 2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 (1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 (2)His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 [名师点津]　在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3.“主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”句型在转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4.动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 5.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)“need，want，require，deserve等＋doing”结构表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)当happen，occur，break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词(短语)表示“发生、关闭、成功地发展”等意义时。 Things just didn’t work out as planned. 事情根本没有按计划进行。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past 10 years. 在过去的10年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 (5)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1.I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖，我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许被带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 总 结 <<< 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)sb have sth to do/there be sth to do句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 (3)动词不定式与疑问词连用时 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手边有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1.意义差别 The window is broken.窗子破了。 The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。 被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 总 结 <<< 2.用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 总 结 <<< Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.One advantage of this cloth is that it (wash) easily. 2.The sports meeting is going to (hold) next weekend. 3.He is a great hero，and deserves (learn) from. 4.He said his plan (reject) because of numerous reasons. 5.The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. washes 达标检测 be held learning/to be learned had been rejected felt 6.Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past ______________ (remove) already. 7.It is reported that a new space station (build) on the moon in years to come. 8.When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 9.Population growth (decrease) by 1.4% each year，so the country is strongly advocating a new policy. 10.The medical team， (consist) of five doctors and ten nurses，was sent to the earthquake-hit area. have been removed will be built are removed is decreasing consisting Ⅱ.完成句子 1.如果不采取任何措施，空气污染将会恶化。 ，the air pollution will get worse. 2.假期结束时，他的家庭作业还没有完成。 His homework when the holiday was over. 3.就我而言，这本书非常值得再读一遍。 As far as I am concerned， . If nothing is done hadn’t been finished this book is well worth reading a second time 4.如果您已经下了订单，我们会尽快将T恤送到您手中。 If you have placed an order，the T-shirt as soon as possible. 5.他告诉我，一位美国教授下周要做英语讲座。 He told me that an English lecture _________________________________ the next week. will be delivered to you would be given by an American professor 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅳ　Grammar 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成后面的小题。 Are you ready to get fit? We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again.Our facilities ①have been enlarged and redone，and our center is now bigger and better than ever before.The finishing touches ②are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms ③will have been updated with modern equipment by the end of this month.Come by and check them out! Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.Weight training classes，for example，④are being designed and ⑤will be added to our programme soon.We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches.We are confident that we have something for everyone.Looking forward to seeing you here! 自主发现 以上黑体部分均使用了被动语态，其中句①是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done; 句②和④是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are being done；句③是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall have been done；句⑤是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall be done。 被动语态 一、被动语态的概念 英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 二、被动语态的用法 1．不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 会议已因故被推迟了。 2．强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。 A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。 三、各种时态的被动语态 1．These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis. 这些电器每月都被检修。 2．The science fiction novel was published in 2016. 这部科幻小说于2016年出版。 3．The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company. 这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。 4．Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged. 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。 5. Numerous efforts were being made to help him achieve his ambition. 为了帮助他实现自己的抱负，人们作出了许多努力。 6．The manager said Tom would be dismissed. 经理说汤姆会被解雇。 7．Facial recognition technology has been extended to many areas of school life so far. 到目前为止，人脸识别技术已经被应用到学校生活的许多领域。 8．The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party. 女主席说她已经受邀参加聚会了。 9．The commercial will have been finished by the end of this week. 这则广告本周末会被完成。 [总结] 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done 一般过去时 be(was/were) done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done 过去进行时 be(was/were) being done 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况 1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed. 当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。 2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 (1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 (2)His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 [名师点津]　在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3．“主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”句型在转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4．动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 5．主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)“need，want，require，deserve等＋doing”结构表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)当happen，occur，break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词(短语)表示“发生、关闭、成功地发展”等意义时。 Things just didn’t work out as planned. 事情根本没有按计划进行。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past 10 years. 在过去的10年里，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 (5)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1．I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖，我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许被带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 [总结]　动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)sb have sth to do/there be sth to do句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 (3)动词不定式与疑问词连用时 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手边有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1．意义差别 The window is broken.窗子破了。 The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。 [总结]　被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 2．用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 [总结]　过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．One advantage of this cloth is that it washes(wash) easily. 2．The sports meeting is going to be held(hold) next weekend. 3．He is a great hero，and deserves learning/to be learned(learn) from. 4．He said his plan had been rejected(reject) because of numerous reasons. 5．The water felt(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 6．Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past have been removed(remove) already. 7．It is reported that a new space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to come. 8．When fat and salt are removed(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 9．Population growth is decreasing(decrease) by 1.4% each year，so the country is strongly advocating a new policy. 10．The medical team，consisting(consist) of five doctors and ten nurses，was sent to the earthquake-hit area. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果不采取任何措施，空气污染将会恶化。 If nothing is done，the air pollution will get worse. 2．假期结束时，他的家庭作业还没有完成。 His homework hadn’t been finished when the holiday was over. 3．就我而言，这本书非常值得再读一遍。 As far as I am concerned，this book is well worth reading a second time. 4．如果您已经下了订单，我们会尽快将T恤送到您手中。 If you have placed an order，the T-shirt will be delivered to you as soon as possible. 5．他告诉我，一位美国教授下周要做英语讲座。 He told me that an English lecture would be given by an American professor the next week. 训练3　Grammar　[分值：83.5分] Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态)(每小题2分，共10分) 1．The demanding boss often makes his employees work overtime. →The employees are often made to work overtime by their demanding boss. 2．The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision. →The pupils are being kept by the teacher at school for a revision. 3．People know that he is the best dentist in the town. →It is known that he is the best dentist in the town./He is known to be the best dentist in the town. 4．You must finish the article before Friday. →The article must be finished by you before Friday. 5．We will plant more trees there to improve the environment. →More trees will be planted by us there to improve the environment. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running(run) out now. 2．She said that the task would be finished(finish) in a day or two. 3．The cottage was so old that it was very difficult to keep(keep) up. 4．Every possible means has been tried(try)，but none proves successful. 5．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising(praise)． 6．They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won’t be delayed(delay)． 7．They are living with their parents because their own house is being decorated(decorate)． 8．Constant streams of traffic flowed(flow) smoothly last month，guided by intelligent traffic management system. Ⅲ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态(每小题2分，共14分) The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.is written by Liu Cixin(刘慈欣所写)．It 2.is considered (to be)(被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3.was published(被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4.is based on science(基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5.has been translated into many languages(已被翻译成许多种语言)．Now it 6.is being read by people all over the world(正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7.will be treasured by future generations(将被未来的几代人珍惜)． Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Mozart was a genius，but he struggled like an average person during early twenties.He had to work to make ends meet.Underpaid and unsatisfied by his average performances，he felt a burning desire to devote more time and energy to his art.So after a period of doubt and thinking，that’s exactly what he did.He quit his job and began what turned out to be the most creative period of his life. Even if you never hope to reach Mozart’s level of mastery，you may relate to his need to break free from convention.Maybe you’ve done everything right—stood out at school，and got a high-paying job—but you’re tired of being just like everyone else.Maybe you long to achieve something that is obviously you. What，then，is holding you back? Rich Karlgaard，the publisher of Forbes magazine and author of Late Bloomers，argues that our culture’s obsession with early achievement discourages us from going after what we love.Instead of having varied interests，studying widely，and taking our time—essentials for self-discovery—we’re encouraged to pass tests，become specialists right away，and pursue safe and secure careers.As a result，most of us end up choosing professional excellence over personal achievement，and often we lose ourselves in the process. As you move forward，there are a few things to keep in mind.First，it’s never too late to become yourself.Aristotle，for example，didn’t fully devote himself to writing and philosophy until he was nearly 50.There are also benefits to taking a long，winding path to achievement.Remember that age usually brings wisdom，self-knowledge，and creativity.This is one reason the average age of founders of high-growth start-ups is 45. If you ever get stuck，think of Joanne，a talented and creative woman who bounced from job to job throughout her twenties.She felt like a total failure.But she took that feeling of hopelessness and chose to do what she’d always wanted to do—write fantasy novels for children.As she would later recount，“I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was.” You’ve probably heard of her.Her pen name is J．K.Rowling. Now get to work. 1．What does the author want to show by telling Mozart’s story in paragraph 1? A．Suffering makes a man wise. B．Each of us has a special beauty. C．It’s pretty tough for genius to seek a job. D．A man should be brave to pursue his dream. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Underpaid and unsatisfied by his average performances，he felt a burning desire to devote more time...the most creative period of his life.”可知，莫扎特辞去工作开始创作，追求艺术。由此推知，作者提到莫扎特是为了说明人应该勇敢地去追求自己的梦想。故选D。 2．In Rich Karlgaard’s opinion，what prevents people from going after what they love? A．Desire for early achievement. B．Too wide a range of interests. C．A waste of time on self-discovery. D．Studying deeply in different fields. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“What，then，is holding you back? Rich Karlgaard，the publisher of Forbes magazine and author of Late Bloomers，argues that our culture’s obsession with early achievement discourages us from going after what we love.”可知，Rich Karlgaard认为对早期成就的渴望阻止了人们追求自己喜欢的东西。故选A。 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．All the geniuses have been total failures. B．Age is no obstacle to going after dreams. C．Every highly successful person hasn’t been applied to working. D．Hopelessness discouraged people from chasing after their dreams. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“First，it’s never too late to become yourself.Aristotle，for example，didn’t fully devote...This is one reason the average age of founders of high-growth start-ups is 45.”可知，文章告诉我们年龄不是追求梦想的障碍。故选B。 4．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To emphasize the significance of showing talents. B．To analyze the reasons for failure in previous jobs. C．To share success stories of famous people in different fields. D．To encourage people to become themselves whatever the age. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章用莫扎特和J.K.罗琳的例子，以及Rich Karlgaard的看法告诉读者要勇敢追求自己的梦想，成为自己，年龄并不是追梦的障碍。结合最后一段“Now get to work.”推知，本文的目的是鼓励人们在任何年龄都追求梦想，成为自己。故选D。 B Ask the new artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds.That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text. The decision by the largest U．S. school district to restrict the ChatGPT website on school devices and networks could have chain reaction on other schools，and teachers rushing to figure out how to prevent cheating.The creators of ChatGPT say they’re also looking for ways to detect misuse. ChatGPT launched on Nov.30 is developed by OpenAI，which has a close relationship with Microsoft.It’s part of a new generation of AI systems that can converse，generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they’ve learned from a vast database of digital books，online writings and other media. The ChatGPT tool is available for free to anyone with an Internet connection and designed to be more user-friendly.It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Millions of people have played with it over the past month，using it to write silly poems or songs，to try to trick it into making mistakes，or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email.All of those things are also helping it get smarter. “To determine if something was written by a human or an AI，you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions，check for inconsistency in writing style，and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases.These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.” That’s what ChatGPT told an AP reporter when asked how to tell the difference. “We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else，so we’re already developing measures to help anyone identify text generated by that system，” the company said. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及识别ChatGP生成物的方法。 5．Why does the New York school say no to ChatGPT? A．It has chain reaction on other schools. B．Many students use it to write term papers. C．It can write a convincing term paper quickly. D．It is raising tough questions about education. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“...you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds.That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool...”可知，纽约商学院拒绝ChatGPT是因为它能很快写出一篇令人信服的学期论文。故选C。 6．How does ChatGPT get smarter? A．By making mistakes. B．By interacting with humans. C．By writing e-mails on its own. D．By using advanced technologies. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...All of those things are also helping it get smarter.”可知，ChatGPT通过与人类互动变得更智能。故选B。 7．What is ChatGPT unable to do? A．Generate readable text on demand. B．Talk with people. C．Write in consistent writing style. D．Use filler words to write. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To determine if something was written by a human or an AI，you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions，check for inconsistency in writing style，and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases.These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.”可知，ChatGPT的写作不具有连贯性。故选C。 8．Which is the most suitable title for this text? A．ChatGPT：a Writing Tool Being Restricted in School B．ChatGPT：an Impressive and Universal Writing Tool C．ChatGPT：a Generative and Perfectly Logical Writing Tool D．ChatGPT：a Misused Writing Tool Being Welcome Everywhere 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及识别ChatGPT生成物的方法。故A选项“ChatGPT：一种在学校受到限制的书写工具”最适合作文章标题。故选A。 Ⅴ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·湖北孝感高二上期末) Trust is the basic foundation of any relationship in both professional and personal capacity.Here are some ways to build trust and be trustworthy. Be always honest. Honesty is a virtue that must be cultivated(培养) fully if you desire to establish trust with others.Half-truths and white lies are a recipe for disaster. 1 Communicate effectively. Poor communication is one of the main reasons why trust is unable to be sustained(维持) in any environment.The failure to clarify your stand may lead to unpleasant assumption. 2 If you want to avoid any issues，it’s important to communicate openly and freely with other involved parties in the beginning. 3 Promises are not meant to be broken.Once you make a promise，it’s as binding(必须遵守的) as legal papers.It’s important that you honor your commitments if you’re interested in building trust. Do not be too quick in making decisions.There is no need to take too much pressure if you’re faced with a dilemma. 4 If the other part asks you to make a comment immediately and you have reservations about it，you can decline the task and say no in the beginning. Take the necessary time. 5 It’s an ongoing process that needs time to take root and develop effectively.Steady progress is possible only if it’s a regular activity; therefore，prepare to take small steps if you are looking for ways to build trust.Focus on the endgame and do not expect results in the beginning. A．Keep your word. B．Don’t take everything for granted. C．Trust cannot be earned in seconds. D．This can cause disagreements and the breaking of trust. E．Therefore，avoid them at all costs if you are trying to build trust. F．You’d better take the time to consider your approach from every angle. G．Make sure you are paying attention to old and new relationships equally. 1．答案　E 解析　根据本段主题句“Be always honest.”可知，本段强调的是：想要建立信任，必须始终诚实。E项“Therefore，avoid them at all costs if you are trying to build trust.”意义与上文一致，且E项中的“them”指代上文中的“Half-truths and white lies”。故选E项。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，想要建立信任，必须阐明立场，否则就会有不愉快的假设。D 项进一步说明：因不阐明立场而出现的不愉快的假设会导致分歧和不信任，与上文意义一致，符合语境。故选D项。 3．答案　A 解析　空处是本段的主题句。根据下文“Promises are not meant to be broken.”可知，本段主题是：要遵守诺言。A项“Keep your word.”符合语境。故选A项。 4．答案　F 解析　根据本段主题句“Do not be too quick in making decisions.”可知，本段强调：做决定要慎重。根据下文可知，我们可以不用立即做出决定，而是谨慎思考，甚至拒绝。F项“You’d better take the time to consider your approach from every angle.”说明我们需要谨慎思考，符合题意。故选F项。 5．答案　C 解析　根据本段主题句“Take the necessary time.”和下文可知，建立信任需要花费时间。C项“Trust cannot be earned in seconds.”说明信任的建立需要花时间，与主题相符，与下文意义一致；且下文中的“It”指代的就是C项中的“Trust”。故选C项。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) No journey is smooth.Challenges，which are part of our lives，can’t 1. (avoid)．Life wouldn’t be called life if it had been without challenges.They allow us to view things from 2.____________(vary) angles and give us a much better understanding of life.They help us to learn from our own mistakes as well. Everybody might have heard about Walt Disney who is 3. favorite of kids and adults.He is well known for creating the cartoon Mickey Mouse for the world.But his road to success wasn’t easy.He didn’t complete formal education and was an 4. (eight) grader only.He had to face so many difficulties and had to start work at the age of 9.With many business failures and no formal training in arts，he still managed 5. (found) Walt Disney studios.He succeeded because of his hard work and not seeing all these factors 6. his disadvantages. Sometimes 7. is true that even if you work hard，you might not achieve 8.________you want.That does not mean you stop trying for it.But how can you improve and come out of this situation? It’s the mindset(思维模式) that needs 9. (change)．During that journey，you certainly have learned something.And what makes you 10. (satisfy) is that you have tried harder and given your 100% effort. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章提倡我们从不同的角度看待事物，让我们更好地理解生活与挑战。 1．答案　be avoided 解析　考查动词语态。谓语动词avoid和主语challenges之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词can’t。故填be avoided。 2．答案　various/varied 解析　考查形容词。作定语修饰可数名词复数用形容词。故填various/varied。 3．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处favorite为名词，空处修饰favorite，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 4．答案　eighth 解析　考查序数词。此处表示八年级的学生应用序数词。故填eighth。 5．答案　to found 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为短语manage to do sth，表示“设法做成某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to found。 6．答案　as 解析　考查介词。see...as...把……看作……。故填as。 7．答案　it 解析　考查代词。此处为it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填it。 8．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作宾语，表示物。故填what。 9．答案　changing/to be changed 解析　考查非谓语动词。need doing＝need to be done。故填changing/to be changed。 10．答案　satisfied 解析　考查形容词。此处为形容词作宾语补足语，表示宾语的感受。故填satisfied。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$