Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成后面的小题。 I woke at dawn again and already the birds ①were singing.In the coming days，we ②would be painting the iron roof of the toilet block that we had been building over the last two months.I ③have been living in this Cambodian village for two months.Despite the hard physical work，I ④don’t regret for one moment choosing to spend my gap year as a volunteer for the Cambodia Foundation.It is wonderful to meet such friendly local people who are happy to share their lives with us.I feel happy and free of worries.And，of course，I ⑤have become fitter.This gap year has been a fantastic opportunity for my personal growth，and I surely ⑥will continue to learn about how other people live their lives after it ends. 自主发现 英语中的动词用不同的时态来表示不同的时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，如：①是过去进行时，表示过去的某个时间点正在发生某事；②是过去将来进行时，表示从过去某时看，未来的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作；③是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作；④是一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；⑤是现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；⑥是一般将来时，表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定。 时态 一、一般时态 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语如always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually，now and then，every day等连用。 The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天晚上11点关门。 (2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。 The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. 端午节是在每年的农历五月初五。 (3)表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示位置转移的非延续性动词(词组)，如go，come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。 The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25开。 (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 When I am free，I will come to visit you. 我有空时会去拜访你。 2．一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；也可以表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作。 We met her in the street yesterday. 昨天我们在街上遇见了她。 When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。 (2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。 He would be a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后将会成为一名教师。 3．一般将来时 (1)表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 明天我们将召开一场会议。 (2)be going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。 I am going to see my grandmother this weekend.这个周末我要去看望我的祖母。 Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. 看，乌云密布！要下雨了。 (3)be to do表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.会议将在下午三点召开。 (4)be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语(从句)。 Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。 4．过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某时来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。 He always said that he would study hard at that time.那时他总说他会努力学习。 二、进行时态 1．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now，at the moment，these days等连用。 All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 现在所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。 (2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 I am leaving the hotel tonight. 今晚我要离开宾馆。 (3)与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。 The girl is always talking loud in public. 这个女孩总是在公共场合大声讲话。 2．过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。 (2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 While he was waiting for the bus，he was reading a newspaper.他一边看报一边等车。 We were having dinner at home when a sharp scream for help was heard. 我们正在家里吃晚饭，突然听到一声尖锐的呼救声。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或要在将来某一时间开始并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词，常与at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，(by) then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等时间状语连用。 —Bob，could I use your computer this evening? —Sorry.I will be writing a report on it then. ——鲍勃，今晚我能用你的电脑吗？ ——抱歉，今晚我要用电脑写一份报告。 4．过去将来进行时 过去将来进行时表示从过去某时看，未来的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，通常用于宾语从句中。 She said she would be setting off on the 10 o’clock train. 她说她将乘10点钟的火车出发。 5．现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是现在完成时和进行时的组合，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作，或到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，即它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。 I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately. 我得去看医生，因为我最近一直在咳嗽。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了？我们一直在到处找你。(表示不满的感情色彩) 三、完成时态 1．现在完成时 (1)表示动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，或表示某一动作已经完成。常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. 中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆航天器的国家。 (2)表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(也许还会继续下去)的动作或状态，常与“for＋时间段”“since＋时间点”等连用。 I have had three of my essays published since last summer. 自去年夏天以来，我已经发表了三篇论文。 (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时： It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句； This/That/It is the first/second/...time＋that从句(现在完成时)； This/That/It is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋定语从句(现在完成时)。 It has been ten years since we moved here. 我们搬到这里10年了。 It is the first time that I have been to your hometown.这是我第一次到你的家乡来。 This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶。 2．过去完成时 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与“by/by the end of/by the time/until/before/since＋表示过去某一时间的短语或从句”连用。 We had already learned 3,500 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止，我们已经学了3 500个单词。 (2)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 The train had left ten minutes before. 火车十分钟前就已经开走了。 The train left ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前开走了。 (3)在“hardly/scarcely...when...”，“no sooner...than...”句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.我们刚刚坐下，车就开动了。 (4)一些动词如hope，plan，mean，want，intend，suppose，expect等，用过去完成时表示原本打算做但实际上并未做成某事。 I had meant to see you off at the airport but I was too busy. 我原本想去机场给你送行的，但是我太忙了。 3．将来完成时 将来完成时的构成是“will/shall have＋动词的过去分词”，第一人称I、we用shall或will，其余人称都用will。将来完成时的用法主要总结如下： (1)表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时间，常用延续性动词，并带有一个表示将来某一时间的状语或状语从句。 He will have been in the army for 3 years by next month.到下个月他就已经参军3年了。 (2)表示动作或状态在将来某一时间之前已经结束，但其影响却延续到那一时间，常用非延续性动词。 When the old man comes back next week，his son will have left for Shanghai. 老人下周回来时，他儿子将已经动身去上海了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Tom told me that light travels(travel) faster than sound. 2．As a little girl，I wished(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 3．My family will be enjoying(enjoy) our holiday this time next week. 4．She was phoning(phone) someone，so I just nodded to her and went away. 5．When Alice came to herself，she did not know how long she had been lying(lie) there. 6．When you get older，you may notice that your hearing is not as sharp as it was(be) once. 7．Up to now，China has established(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 8．“I have been dreaming(dream) of a rural life for decades，but my work hampers me，” Cheng says. 9．I was seeing(see) the film “The Old Man and the Sea” with my deskmate when he suddenly fell sick. 10．On July 8th,2023，the Olympic Council of Asia announced that Harbin would hold(hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games in 2025. Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确时态完成短文 I am a Senior Two student who 1.loves(love) English.My English teacher speaks so clearly that I can understand what she 2.is explaining(explain) in class.I 3.have been learning(learn) English for almost ten years but I 4.haven’t read(not read) many English books so far.Luckily，my English 5.is improving(improve) now.In the past，I 6.was worrying(worry) that I 7.would make(make) mistakes.My teacher once 8.told(tell) me，“Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.You 9.will make(make) progress through mistakes.” Encouraged by my teacher，I 10.will have finished(finish) reading three English novels by the end of this term. 训练3　Grammar　[分值：86.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．At this time tomorrow，I will be lying(lie) on the beach. 2．It had been(be) completely dark by the time I left the office. 3．Being too anxious often results(result) in the contrary to our intention ultimately. 4．Did you predict that many students would sign(sign) up for the dance competition? 5．The last time I saw him，he was working(work) as a correspondent in China Daily. 6．No sooner had he finished(finish) reading the detective novel than I borrowed it from him. 7．I had intended(intend) to help you with the housework but I was buried in writing a report. 8．Time is limited! Hurry up! The flight takes(take) off at 10：20.We have just half an hour left. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．No one likes people who are always complaining. 没有人喜欢总是抱怨的人。 2．Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain cats and dogs. 他刚到家，天就下起倾盆大雨。 3．By the time you come back，I will have graduated from college. 等你回来的时候，我已经大学毕业了。 4．He had planned to go abroad，but he changed his mind after finding a good job. 他原计划出国，但找到一份好工作后改变了主意。 5．I can’t pick you up at 9 tomorrow because I will be attending an important meeting then. 明天9点我不能接你，因为那时我要参加一个重要会议。 Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入单词的正确形式(每小题1.5分，共12分) Before I 1.visited(visit) Australia，an Australian friend in London told me I’d learn “the Australian salute”．“What’s that？” I asked.“You 2.will find(find) out when you get there，” he said.I arrived in Perth last week.Since then I 3.have stayed(stay) at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach.I 4.have never visited(never visit) Australia before and I am enjoying my stay.I 5.have swum(swim) every day since I arrived. Yesterday，an Australian friend suggested a tour into “the bush” and I agreed at once.The first thing I noticed when we were in the bush 6.was(be) the flies.After a while I remembered the conversation I 7.had had(have) in London before I came here.“What’s the Australian salute？” I asked suddenly，as I 8.waved(wave) my right arm to keep the flies away.“That’s it！” my friend said as he waved back. Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Sarah，a friend about my age，is tremendously successful on Wall Street and is highly respected.But she wasn’t very happy and hadn’t been happy for many years.She had few real friends.She worked incredibly long hours and felt physically exhausted a lot of the time.You would think the solution to her unhappiness was obvious.But when I offered it to her，her reply，after some consideration，was astonishing. “Maybe I would prefer to be special rather than happy.” She explained：“Anyone can do the things it takes to be happy—go on vacation，spend time with friends and family...but not everyone can accomplish great things.” That’s when it struck me：people who choose being special over happy are addicts.She was addicted—to work and，underneath that，to success.Maybe that sounds strange to you.You can picture a person desperately hooked on booze，but probably don’t picture someone who is successful and persistent.However，according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)，the likelihood of drinking rises with education level and socioeconomic status.But the worst addiction I have seen is workaholism.This term was coined by the psychologist Wayne Oates in 1971 for someone who has “the compulsion(强迫) or the uncontrollable need to work continuously.” They are caught in a vicious cycle：they become successful by working more than others—and thus more than “necessary”—but believe they have to keep up that pace to maintain their productivity.The rewards of that productivity give way to a fear of falling behind as the drive to keep running.Soon enough，the work crowds out relationships and outside activities.With little else，work is all that is left to the workaholic，reinforcing(强化) the cycle. Maybe you can relate to this.I can.We need to get to the bottom of these problems—workaholism and success addiction—that lead us to our unavoidable professional destruction.But more importantly，we need to escape them so we can make the jump to new success. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工作狂的生活、工作和心理状态，以及对自身的影响。 1．What would possibly be the solution that the author offered to Sarah? A．Set up your own company! B．Try to become more outgoing! C．Seek help from professionals! D．Work less and enjoy your life! 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章第一段中“She worked incredibly long hours and felt physically exhausted a lot of the time.”可知，工作的时间过长导致萨拉不快乐，根据常识，作者可能提供的解决方案是少工作，享受生活！故选D。 2．What was Sarah’s real problem? A．She was fed up with working with workaholics. B．She wasted too much time on unnecessary work. C．She drank more booze than it was healthy for her. D．She couldn’t stop working and she didn’t want to. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章第二段“Maybe I would prefer to be special rather than happy.”和第四段中“She was addicted—to work and，underneath that，to success.”可知，萨拉真正的问题是她不能停止工作，她也不想停止。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “coined” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Discovered. B．Invented. C．Supplied. D．Recognised. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由文章第四段中画线词所在句可知，这个词由心理学家韦恩·奥茨在1971年首次提出，即是他创造了这个词。故选B。 4．What would be the result of workaholism according to the author? A．Professional success and reputation. B．Endless working，fear and loneliness. C．Intense relationships with colleagues. D．Enormous enthusiasm to get on in life. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“The rewards of that productivity give way to a fear of falling behind as the drive to keep running.Soon enough，the work crowds out relationships and outside activities.With little else，work is all that is left to the workaholic，reinforcing(强化) the cycle.”可知，工作狂的生活方式会产生无尽的工作、恐惧和孤独。故选B。 B Back in 2020，when schools were still virtual and citizens were living their lives in masks，Jamie Dimon，the CEO of JPMorgan Chase，emerged as one of the earliest critics of remote work.“There’s a huge value to working together in terms of cooperation and creativity and training the younger people，” he said. Three years later，Dimon’s opinion is unchanged.The difference now is that it has gone mainstream.With the pandemic declared over，most American companies seem to have settled on the idea that some in-person time is beneficial—even necessary—for workplaces. Studies have found people get more feedback when they’re in the same space as their co-workers，leading to more opportunities for advancement.And while findings on productivity are mixed，there’s evidence that fully remote workers encounter more friction when trying to convey information quickly. After making remote work possible for millions of people，Zoom is now telling some of its own employees to show up in person.The company has decided that employees who live within 50 miles of a Zoom office are required to work in-person two days per week in the office. However，many office workers who enjoyed greater autonomy while working from home are not readily giving that up，even as their employers step up demands for them to come back.Hired by Microsoft as a senior training associate，Garcia Espejo works from home most of the time，scheduled as she sees fit.For Garcia Espejo，who’s been caring for her elderly parents，it will be painful to lose this flexibility. “After the pandemic，people are being told when and where to show up，and it just is causing this reaction from people like，‘Wait a minute.I’m not ready！’” says Debbie Lovich，managing director at the Boston Consulting Group. Still，the trend is coming.A recent survey of 1,500 office workers，conducted by Boston Consulting Group，found 85% working in “a hybrid mode”，and only 8% fully remote. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公司要求员工回到办公室工作，但是有些人不愿意放弃自己远程办公的权利，所以“混合模式”成为现在的主要趋势。 5．What problem with remote work do the studies confirm? A．Decline in the output at work. B．Lack of cooperation in the team. C．Difficulty in communication. D．Failure to train young workers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies have found people get more feedback when they’re in the same space as their co-workers...there’s evidence that fully remote workers encounter more friction when trying to convey information quickly.”可知，这些研究证实了远程工作有沟通困难的问题。故选C项。 6．What does the author want to say with Garcia Espejo’s example? A．It’s necessary to force workers back to the office. B．Working from home does harm to the companies. C．Many people don’t want to give up remote work. D．The pandemic has changed people’s life forever. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“However，many office workers who enjoyed greater autonomy while working from home are not readily giving that up...it will be painful to lose this flexibility.”可推知，作者想用Garcia Espejo的例子说明许多人不愿意放弃远程工作。故选C项。 7．What does an office worker in “a hybrid mode” do? A．Work fully from home. B．Go to the office every weekday. C．Look for a job everywhere. D．Return to the office regularly. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段以及最后一段可推知，处于“混合模式”的上班族会定期回到办公室。故选D项。 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Companies Push Employees Back to Office B．Studies Found Problems with Remote Work C．Zoom Took the Lead in the Changing Trend D．Critics of Remote Work Are Under Pressure 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合后文可知，本文举例了几个公司都在为让员工回到办公室工作而努力，并且介绍了完全远程办公的缺点。由此可知，A项“Companies Push Employees Back to Office(公司把员工推回办公室)”是本文最佳标题。故选A项。 Ⅴ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Have you considered how to choose your major in university，which is of great significance for your future career? Here is some practical advice. Initially，don’t choose a major merely based on money，otherwise mistakes will happen. 1 Can you see yourself investing the next 40 years in this career without getting bored? Actually choosing a major with high-paying career won’t guarantee you a high-paying job.It depends on position openings and your competitors when you graduate. 2 You want to pick something that interests you，but you need to be sure you won’t get sick of it as time progresses. 3 A hobby is a pursuit outside one’s regular occupation for relaxation while passion comforts you and drives you crazy at the same time.It isn’t relaxing.It inserts itself into your life.When you choose to study your hobby and build your life around it，it can lose its appeal and won’t be relaxing. Thirdly，never choose a major by feeling instead of research.Being interested in a major isn’t enough.Researching the field will ensure you to choose a right major.Besides，consider the entire journey you’ll pursue—the coursework，the major demands，the school time you’ll need，and the available job prospects. 4 Lastly，don’t always depend on your parents. 5 However，the choice is ultimately yours.If anyone wants to help you in choosing a major and you completely agree with their opinions，then go with it.But if you want your future to go in any other direction，speak up.The only way to get the best outcome is to shape your own future. A．Next，a hobby is never meant to be your priority. B．The opinions of your family aren’t something to ignore. C．Besides，keep a balance between hobbies and relaxation. D．Typically，people will confuse their hobbies with their passions. E．You should also consider your passions，dislikes，and happiness. F．Remember college is an investment of both your time and money. G．If you’re passionate about a major after research，follow your heart. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要针对如何选择对未来职业有用的大学专业提出了一些实用的建议。 1．答案　E 解析　前文“Initially，don’t choose a major merely based on money，otherwise mistakes will happen.”讲述了不要仅仅根据金钱来选择专业，空处应讲述应该考虑其他因素，E项“你还应该考虑你热爱什么、不喜欢什么以及能让你觉得开心或幸福的是什么”符合题意。故选E。 2．答案　A 解析　空处是本段的主旨句。根据后文的“You want to pick something that interests you，but you need to be sure you won’t get sick of it as time progresses.”和“When you choose to study your hobby and build your life around it，it can lose its appeal and won’t be relaxing.”可知，本段主要讲述的是选择专业的时候不要首先考虑自己的爱好，A项“其次，爱好从来都不是你优先考虑的事情”符合题意。故选A。 3．答案　D 解析　后文“A hobby is a pursuit outside one’s regular occupation for relaxation while passion comforts you and drives you crazy at the same time.”讲述了爱好和激情之间的区别，所以空处应讲述的是二者容易被混为一谈，D项“通常，人们会将自己的爱好与激情混为一谈”符合题意。故选D。 4．答案　G 解析　根据本段主旨句“Thirdly，never choose a major by feeling instead of research.”可知，本段主要建议在选专业之前要进行研究，G项“如果你在研究之后对某个专业充满热情，那就用心去做吧”符合题意。故选G。 5．答案　B 解析　前文“Lastly，don’t always depend on your parents.”讲述了不要总是依赖父母的意见，后文“However，the choice is ultimately yours.”讲述了最终做决定的是你自己，由此可知，空处应是说家人的意见不容忽视，B项“你的家人的意见不容忽视”符合题意。故选B。 Ⅵ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) When Chinese people think about romantic poets，Li Bai’s name probably springs to their mind.With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings 1. mastery of language，Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai’s romantic style was 2. (deep) rooted in his love of reading and travelling from a young age.Reading books of all kinds，he familiarized 3. (he) with classical Chinese culture，and acquired the 4. (wise) of previous generations.Besides，a burning desire for adventure and travel 5. (drive) him to visit famous mountains and great rivers almost around the whole country，enabling him to encounter different customs and practices. The social and historical context 6. Li Bai lived also contributed to his romantic style.It was the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty,7. time of economic boom and social stability,8. (create) an open and tolerant atmosphere.This allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production. Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe a debt 9. his inspirational poems.Today，Li Bai’s poetry 10. (continue) being enjoyed by countless readers around the world. 1．答案　and 解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，空处前后的三个名词词组之间为并列关系，故应用并列连词and。故填and。 2．答案　deeply 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰was rooted，应用副词。故填deeply。 3．答案　himself 解析　考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“使他自己熟悉”，故用反身代词himself。故填himself。 4．答案　wisdom 解析　考查名词。由空前定冠词the可知，此处为名词形式，wisdom为不可数名词，故填wisdom。 5．答案　drove 解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填drove。 6．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句，先行词The social and historical context在从句中作抽象地点状语。故填where。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处time为可数名词，表示泛指，且time的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．答案　creating 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，create和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填creating。 9．答案　to 解析　考查介词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语owe a debt to...意为“欠……的债”。故填to。 10．答案　continues 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子谓语，根据时间状语Today可知用一般现在时，且主语poetry为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅳ Grammar Looking forwards Unit 1 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成后面的小题。 I woke at dawn again and already the birds ①were singing.In the coming days，we ②would be painting the iron roof of the toilet block that we had been building over the last two months.I ③have been living in this Cambodian village for two months.Despite the hard physical work，I ④don’t regret for one moment choosing to spend my gap year as a volunteer for the Cambodia Foundation.It is wonderful to meet such friendly local people who are happy to share their lives with us. 语境感悟 I feel happy and free of worries.And，of course，I ⑤have become fitter.This gap year has been a fantastic opportunity for my personal growth，and I surely ⑥will continue to learn about how other people live their lives after it ends. [自主发现] 英语中的动词用不同的　　　来表示不同的时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，如：①是　　　　　时，表示过去的某个时间点正在发生某事；②是　　　　　　　时，表示从过去某时看，未来的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作；③是　　　　　　　时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作；④是　　　　　时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；⑤是　　　　　时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；⑥是　　　　　时，表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定。 时态 过去进行 过去将来进行 现在完成进行 一般现在 现在完成 一般将来 语法精讲 一、一般时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语如always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually，now and then，every day等连用。 The shop closes at 11：00 p.m.every day. 这家商店每天晚上11点关门。 时态 (2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。 The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. 端午节是在每年的农历五月初五。 (3)表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示位置转移的非延续性动词(词组)，如go，come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。 The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25开。 (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 When I am free，I will come to visit you. 我有空时会去拜访你。 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；也可以表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作。 We met her in the street yesterday. 昨天我们在街上遇见了她。 When he was young，he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。 (2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。 He would be a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后将会成为一名教师。 3.一般将来时 (1)表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 明天我们将召开一场会议。 (2)be going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。 I am going to see my grandmother this weekend.这个周末我要去看望我的祖母。 Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. 看，乌云密布！要下雨了。 (3)be to do表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.会议将在下午三点召开。 (4)be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语(从句)。 Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。 4.过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某时来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。 He always said that he would study hard at that time.那时他总说他会努力学习。 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now，at the moment，these days等连用。 All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 现在所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。 (2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 I am leaving the hotel tonight. 今晚我要离开宾馆。 (3)与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。 The girl is always talking loud in public. 这个女孩总是在公共场合大声讲话。 2.过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。 (2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 While he was waiting for the bus，he was reading a newspaper.他一边看报一边等车。 We were having dinner at home when a sharp scream for help was heard. 我们正在家里吃晚饭，突然听到一声尖锐的呼救声。 3.将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或要在将来某一时间开始并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词，常与at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，(by) then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等时间状语连用。 —Bob，could I use your computer this evening? —Sorry.I will be writing a report on it then. ——鲍勃，今晚我能用你的电脑吗？ ——抱歉，今晚我要用电脑写一份报告。 4.过去将来进行时 过去将来进行时表示从过去某时看，未来的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，通常用于宾语从句中。 She said she would be setting off on the 10 o’clock train. 她说她将乘10点钟的火车出发。 5.现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是现在完成时和进行时的组合，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作，或到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，即它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。 I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately. 我得去看医生，因为我最近一直在咳嗽。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了？我们一直在到处找你。(表示不满的感情色彩) 三、完成时态 1.现在完成时 (1)表示动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，或表示某一动作已经完成。常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. 中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆航天器的国家。 (2)表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(也许还会继续下去)的动作或状态，常与“for＋时间段”“since＋时间点”等连用。 I have had three of my essays published since last summer. 自去年夏天以来，我已经发表了三篇论文。 (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时： It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句； This/That/It is the first/second/...time＋that从句(现在完成时)； This/That/It is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋定语从句(现在完成时)。 It has been ten years since we moved here. 我们搬到这里10年了。 It is the first time that I have been to your hometown.这是我第一次到你的家乡来。 This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶。 2.过去完成时 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与“by/by the end of/by the time/until/before/since＋表示过去某一时间的短语或从句”连用。 We had already learned 3,500 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止，我们已经学了3 500个单词。 (2)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 The train had left ten minutes before. 火车十分钟前就已经开走了。 The train left ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前开走了。 (3)在“hardly/scarcely...when...”，“no sooner...than...”句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.我们刚刚坐下，车就开动了。 (4)一些动词如hope，plan，mean，want，intend，suppose，expect等，用过去完成时表示原本打算做但实际上并未做成某事。 I had meant to see you off at the airport but I was too busy. 我原本想去机场给你送行的，但是我太忙了。 3.将来完成时 将来完成时的构成是“will/shall have＋动词的过去分词”，第一人称I、we用shall或will，其余人称都用will。将来完成时的用法主要总结如下： (1)表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时间，常用延续性动词，并带有一个表示将来某一时间的状语或状语从句。 He will have been in the army for 3 years by next month.到下个月他就已经参军3年了。 (2)表示动作或状态在将来某一时间之前已经结束，但其影响却延续到那一时间，常用非延续性动词。 When the old man comes back next week，his son will have left for Shanghai. 老人下周回来时，他儿子将已经动身去上海了。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Tom told me that light 　　　 (travel) faster than sound. 2.As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 3.My family (enjoy) our holiday this time next week. 4.She (phone) someone，so I just nodded to her and went away. 5.When Alice came to herself，she did not know how long she _________ (lie) there. travels wished will be enjoying 达标检测 was phoning had been lying 6.When you get older，you may notice that your hearing is not as sharp as it (be) once. 7.Up to now，China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 8.“I (dream) of a rural life for decades，but my work hampers me，” Cheng says. 9.I (see) the film “The Old Man and the Sea” with my deskmate when he suddenly fell sick. 10.On July 8th,2023，the Olympic Council of Asia announced that Harbin (hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games in 2025. was has established have been dreaming was seeing would hold Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确时态完成短文 I am a Senior Two student who 1. (love) English.My English teacher speaks so clearly that I can understand what she 2._____________ (explain) in class.I 3. (learn) English for almost ten years but I 4. (not read) many English books so far.Luckily，my English 5. (improve) now.In the past，I 6.____________ (worry) that I 7. (make) mistakes.My teacher once 8. (tell) me，“Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.You 9. (make) progress through mistakes.” Encouraged by my teacher，I 10._________ (finish) reading three English novels by the end of this term. loves is explaining have been learning haven’t read is improving was worrying would make told will make will have finished 本课结束 $$