Un3 Diverse Cultures（知识清单）-【百汇大课堂·高中学习测试卷】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Section 1 Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking [基础知识必备] L.fortune n.机会；运气 ·make a one's fortune发财 seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 have the good fortune to do sth..有幸做某事 ·fortunate adj.幸运的 be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.做某事很幸运 It is fortunate(for sb.)that..(对某人来说)…很幸运 ·fortunately adu.幸运地 ·unfortunate adj.不幸的 ·unfortunately adv.不幸地 DThis is your chance to get in on a good thing and perhaps make a fortune on a small investment. 这是你参与这件好事的机会，说不定可以通过一笔小投资发财。 I had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。 2.admit vi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入（或加入）；容纳 ·admit doing/having done sth.承认做/做过某事 admit sb..to/into准许某人进入… be admitted to/into被…接受/录取 admit that承认… ·admission n.承认；供认；入场费；门票费 DThe lecture hall only admits one thousand persons. 这个报告厅只能容纳一千人。 2She apologised to me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake. 她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。 ·23· 3.occur vi.发生；出现 ·sth.occur to sb..某人想到某事 ·It occurs to sb.that/to do sth.某人突然想起… ·It strikes/.hits sb.that../todo..某人突然想起… DEarthquakes occur frequently in this area. 这一地区经常发生地震。 2It never occurred to me to meet my first teacher in the small town. 我从来没想到会在这座小镇上见到我的启蒙老师。 4.seek(sought,sought)t.&vi.寻找；寻求；争取：（向人）请求 seek after/for追求；寻求 seek sth.from sb.向某人征求寻求某物 seek to do sth.设法试图做某事 seek(for)sth./sb.寻找某物/某人 seek out找出；搜出 seek one's fortune寻找发财的机会 DFaster growth is becoming the new trend as China seeks higher-quality development. 在中国寻求更高质量发展的阶段，快速增长成为一个新的发展趋势。 2We seek to find a way to make us get along well with the people around us. 我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融治。 5.earn vt..&i.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 earn'make money挣钱 earn respect/reputation赢得尊重/名誉 earn one's/a living=make one's/a living谋生 DIn order to support his family,he made every effort to earn money. 为了养家，他尽一切努力赚钱。 2They began to earn their living when they were very young. 他们很年轻的时候，就开始谋生了。 6.bring about导致；引起 bring up养育，抚养；提出；呕吐 bring in引进；赚得，挣得 bring back带回；使想起 bring out出版；闸明；使表现出 bring down降低；减少 ·24· DThe Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work. 互联网使我们的工作方式发生了巨大的变化 2A mere trifle brought about a quarrel between the brothers. 一点儿小事引起了兄弟间一场争吵。 3The photos bring back lots of good memories. 这些照片唤起了许多美好的回忆。 Mike's father died when he was young,and he was brought up by his mother. 迈克很小的时候，他父亲就去世了，母亲把他抚养成人。 7.claim vt,&n.夺取（生命）；宣称；断言 ·claim to do/that,,.声称… claim for sth.要求某物；索要某物 claim sth.back索回某物 It is claimed that..有人主张…；据说… ·have a claim to/on有要求…的权力 Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。 2You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 如果货物有损坏，你可以要求退款。 3It is claimed that soap powders pollute the water we drink. 据说洗衣粉污染了我们的饮用水。 8.escape vi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑：逃脱：解脱 ·have a narrow escape九死一生 make one's escape逃脱；逃走 ·escape doing sth.逃脱做某事 escape from/out of..从…逃跑 escape one's attention!notice逃过某人的注意力；被某人遗忘 DThe world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, and I find myself needing a way to escape. 原来我认为很简单的世界现在变得愈发复杂了，我发现我得想法逃离 它了。 ·25· 2He attempted to escape from the prison,but failed. 他试图越狱，但失败了。 3I remember seeing him somewhere before,but his name escaped me for the moment. 我记得以前在某个地方见过他，但一时想不起他的名字。 9.It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 美洲土著居民可能在至少一万五千年前就搬到了加利福尼亚。 It is likely that...有可能… sb.sth.be likely to do sth.某人f某物可能会做某事 It is possible for sb.to do sth.某人有可能做某事。 It is possible probable that...,有可能 DIt is likely that we have met before. 我们可能以前见过面。 2If you can find suitable learning methods,your learning efficiency is likely to improve. 如果你能找到合适的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能会提高。 It is possible for him to accomplish the task. 他有可能完成这项任务。 Section 2 Discovering Useful Structures Listening and Talking [基础知识必备] 1.fold vt.包；裹：折叠vt.&vi.(可)折小：（可）叠平 fold sth.in two/half把某物对折 fold up折起；叠好：倒闭；歇业 fold one's arms/hands双臂交叉在胸前十指交叉地合拢双手 DShe folded the pills in a piece of paper. 她用纸把药丸包了起来。 2He folded up the letter and put it in his pocket. 他把信折起来放进了口袋。 3Fold your arms and sit up straight! 双臂交叉，坐直！ ·26· 2.collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品；募捐；一批物品 ·a collection of...一批…收藏品：一批…；一群… ·collect vt.收集；采集：收藏；接走(=pick up):领取；收（欠款）：（上门》 收（账）v.&.t.募捐；募集 collect money/information/stamps筹集资金/收集信息/集邮 collect rent/.tax/debts收租金征税/讨债 collect oneself.one's thoughts使某人自己镇静/集中思想 DWe'll hold a collection at the end of tonight's ceremony. 我们将在今晚仪式的最后举行募捐活动。 Martin's gone to collect the children from school. 马丁去学校接孩子们了。 3I'm fine.I just need a minute to collect myself. 我没事，我只是需要稍微镇定一下。 [同步语法精讲] 省略 省略是将句子中一个或多个成分省去，避免重复，使语言简练、紧凑的 一种语法手段。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种： 一、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引 起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you 和疑问句中的主语。 (You)Shut up!住嘴！ (I)Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。 2.省略宾语：当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略 宾语。 -Do you know Miss Gao? -I don't know (her). 你认识高女士吗？ 不认识。 3.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都 很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分） 同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 ·27· (You come)This way,please..(省略了主语和谓语) 请这边走。 (Have you)Got any ink?(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) 你有墨水吗？ 二、并列句的省略 在由并列连词and,but,while等连接的并列句中，后面的分句中可以省 略与前面分句中相同的成分以避免重复。 The news made me angry,while (the news made)my sister happy. 这个消息使我生气，然而却让我妹妹高兴。 三、复合句的省略 1.宾语从句中的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略：但如果及物动 词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以 省略。 I truly believe (that)beauty comes from within. 我真的相信美丽来自内心。 (2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 You were late again,and I hope you will explain why (you were late again). 你又迟到了，我希望你能解释一下为什么。 2.状语从句中的省略 (1)when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,though,as if/ though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主 语又跟主句的主语相同或从句主语为it,则从句中主语和be动词常省略。 Wood gives off much smoke while (wood is)burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。 Though (they were)tired,they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。 (2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs). 他和鲍勃跑得一样快。 温馨提示：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before,because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语，或用be动 词的-ing形式来改写。 ·28· Because he was ill,he didn't attend the meeting. >Because of being ill,he didn't attend the meeting.(E) →Being ill,he didn't attend the meeting.(正) →Because ill,he didn't attend the meeting.(误) 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。 3.定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that可省略 (但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 He's the man (who/that whom)you want to see. 他是你想见的那个人。 (2)the way作先行词，关系词that/in which在定语从句中作状语时，关系 词可以省略；如果关系词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，that/which也 可以省略。 That is the way (in which/that)we solved the problem. 那就是我们解决那个问题的方法。 Can you show me the way(that/which)you used in your new task? 你能告诉我你在新任务中使用的方法吗？ 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 (l)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing 等后作状语时，t0后的内容常省略。 You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question). 如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他 (2)某些使役动词，如make,let,have等和感官动词，如see,watch,notice, observe,hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于 被动语态，则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom,(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 (3)并列的不定式通常可以省略后面的不定式符号to。 Her job is to take care of the elders and (to)wash their clothes. 她的工作是照顾那些老人并给他们洗衣服。 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse, want,wish,would like等。 ·29· She asked me to dance with her,but I didn't want to(dance with her). 她请我和她跳舞，但我不想（和她跳舞）。 (5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式 不带t0。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 (6)当不定式在be going to,be able to,have to,ought to,used to后作复 合谓语时，不定式可省略。 They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents). 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 温馨提示：①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be时，to后 要保留原形的have或be。 ②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to,be going to,be about to,be supposed to,have to,used to及形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等。 He didn't come,but he ought to have. 他没来，但他应该来。 2.使用so,not等时的省略 在英语中，可以用so,ot或其他方式来代替上文或问句中的一部分或整 个句子。 -Can you finish your work today? 你今天能完成工作吗？ -I think so. 我认为能。 -I don't think so./I think not. 我认为不能。 温馨提示：hope,guess,be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用 not..s0的形式。 -The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they? -I guess not. 一男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ 我猜是没做好。 3.介词的省略 (1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后 的动名词。常见的结构有： Dhave difficulty.trouble (in)doing sth. 2be busy (in)doing sth. ·30· 3spend some time (in)doing sth. 4stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth. The heavy rain prevented him (from)arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 (2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday, tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some等词之前时，一般省略。 We go to school (on)every day except Sundays. 除星期天外，我们每天都上学。 Section 3 Reading for Writing Assessing Your Progress [基础知识必备] 1.settle vt.&vi.定居：结束（争论）：解决（纠纷》 settle down定居：安顿下来；（使）平静下来；舒适地坐下；躺下 settle(down)to sth.开始认真对待某事：定下心来做某事 settle in/into适应；习惯（新情况、新家，新工作或新学校等） settle on决定；选定 DAn official mission was sent to settle the dispute. 一个官方使团被派去解决争端。 2Let's settle down to the book. 让我们定下心来读书。 3Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. 除了我之外，家里的每个人都很快适应了这座城市。 He has not yet settled on a date for the wedding. 他还没有确定结婚日期。 2.construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构 ·under construction正在建造中 ·constructor.制造者；建造者 ·construct u.建造；构筑：造（句） ·constructive ad,建设性的 The new airport is still under construction. 新机场仍在建造中。 3.donate v.&i.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；献（血）：捐（血）；捐献（器官）n.捐赠：捐献 ·donate.to,.把某物捐献给 ·donation n.捐赠，赠送；捐款；捐赠物 ·donator n.捐赠者 ·31· She donated her books to the library. 她把自己的书捐给了图书馆。 4.varieties of/a variety of各种各样的 ·vary v.变化 vary from..to.,从…到…变化 vary with随着…而变化 ·various adj.各种各样的 ·varied ad.多变化的 ·variation n.变化；变奏曲 DA variety of food is sold at a supermarket. 超级市场里各式各样的食物均有出售。 2My teacher argued me into taking part in various after-class activities. 老师说服我参加各种课外活动。 5.suit vt..适合；满足…需要；相配合身n.西服：套装 ·suit sth.to sth.sb.使某物适应某物/某人 suit oneself随自己的意愿；自便 ·be suitable for sb..fsth.适合某人某物 be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 DBlue suits you.You should wear it more often. 你适合穿蓝色。你应该多穿蓝色的衣服。 2Many of the fish caught for fun are not suitable for eating,so they are thrown away. 许多为了娱乐而钓来的鱼并不适合食用，所以它们又被扔掉了。 6.The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,many of whom do not speak English fluently. 如今唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。 “名词/代词十介词十关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词是人时，关系代词 用whom;先行词是物时，关系代词用which。常见的此类结构还有 “some/several/,a few more+of which/whom”等。 DMany young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote districts to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良 好的教育。 2English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which uses it differently. 英语是一种被好几种文化共同使用的语言，每种文化使用它时都是不同的。 ·32·