Unit 2 Section Ⅲ-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ Reviewing Useful Structures Iconic attractions Unit 2 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought the book ②written by Thomas Jason.Three days ago，to have her homework ③completed quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very ④satisfied with her homework.⑤Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.⑥Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do? 语境感悟 【自主发现】 以上加颜色部分为过去分词(短语)，可在句中作状语，如 ；表语，如 ；定语，如 ；宾语补足语，如 。 ①⑤⑥ ④ ② ③ 语法总览 语法精讲 过去分词 一、概念 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语，可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。 二、过去分词作表语 We were stunned at the news. 听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。 My niece became accustomed to her campus life. 我侄女习惯了她的校园生活。 She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 He remained unmarried after so many years. 这么多年后他仍然未婚。 总 结 <<< 用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。 注 意 <<< 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 形式 例句 意义 过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态 动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作 三、过去分词作定语 1.意义 意义 例句 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有很多落叶。 2.位置 The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water. 医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。 A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。 The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. ＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. 昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. ＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written. 这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。 总 结 <<< 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 1.意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。 2.三类接过去分词作宾补的动词 类别 例句 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end.最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 类别 例句 表示“致使”意义的动词。如have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。 类别 例句 表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5点前完成我的作业。 注 意 <<< “have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义 例句 含义 We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示请/让别人做某事 I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中) He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。 表示使遭遇某种不幸或意外 3.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构 在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句子作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 With water heated，we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。 She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。 五、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。 (时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. ＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. 从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 (原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. ＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. 因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。 (条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. 如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。 (条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked. ＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked. 这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。 (让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. 尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。 (伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant. ＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant. 科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。 注 意 <<< 有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。 Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn. 因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。 Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo. 因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。 Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China. 位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。 Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对结果很失望，女孩站在那里一句话也没说。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose) for words. 2.Tsinghua University (found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 3. (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous. 4. (translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. lost 达标检测 founded Offered Translated 5.Claire had her luggage (check) an hour before her plane left. 6.Michael put up a poster beside the bed to keep himself ______________ (remind) of his own dreams. 7.The players (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 8.Most of the artists (invite) to the party were from South Africa. 9. (worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit. 10.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint). checked reminded selected invited Worried disappointed Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词 Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo很高兴，他的心狂跳不已。 Vingo sat there 1. ，with his eyes 2. . 3. ，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，billowing in the wind.Vingo was 4. and his heart was beating wildly. amazed fixed on the oak tree Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs delighted 激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。 5. Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6.___________________________ looking forward to his returning. Excited/Thrilled beloved wife and children 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ Reviewing Useful Structures Iconic attractions Unit 2 1.随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语) With the holiday approaching，___________________________________ . 2.因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语) ，some students study until midnight. Ⅰ.完成句子 my classmates are becoming more and more excited Worried about the coming exam 3.我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词短语作宾补) My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often ________________ . 4.他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语) He often does some exercises . has meals brought to the classroom downloaded from the Internet 5.决心向他学习，我也开始充分利用课堂上的每一分钟。我相信我的努力迟早会取得回报。[过去分词(短语)作状语、作表语] ，I also begin to make the most of every minute in class，and I that my effort will pay off sooner or later. Determined to learn from him am convinced Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience last year.1. (infect) with a serious disease，he was sent to a hospital 2. (locate) in the centre of the city，far from his school.As a senior 3 student，he couldn’t devote himself to his study like his classmates.Therefore，he was 3. (worry)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.He managed to make him 4.______________ (understand) by telling his doctor his worries.One day，his attending doctor came in,5. (follow) by another patient with glasses.When 6. (tell) that the patient was a teacher who would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy. Ⅱ.语法填空 Infected located worried understood followed told 本课结束 $$ Section Ⅲ　Reviewing Useful Structures 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought the book ②written by Thomas Jason.Three days ago，to have her homework ③completed quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very ④satisfied with her homework.⑤Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.⑥Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do? 自主发现 以上黑体部分为过去分词(短语)，可在句中作状语，如①⑤⑥；表语，如④；定语，如②；宾语补足语，如③。 过去分词 一、概念 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语，可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。 二、过去分词作表语 We were stunned at the news. 听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。 My niece became accustomed to her campus life. 我侄女习惯了她的校园生活。 She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 He remained unmarried after so many years. 这么多年后他仍然未婚。 [总结]　用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。 [注意]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 形式 例句 意义 过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态 动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作 三、过去分词作定语 1．意义 意义 例句 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有很多落叶。 2.位置 The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water. 医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。 A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。 The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. ＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. 昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. ＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written. 这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。 [总结]　单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。 2．三类接过去分词作宾补的动词 类别 例句 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end.最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 表示“致使”意义的动词。如have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone.务必把那些事情做完。 表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock.我希望在5点前完成我的作业。 [注意]　“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义 例句 含义 We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示请/让别人做某事 I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中) He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。 表示使遭遇某种不幸或意外 3.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构 在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句子作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 With water heated，we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。 She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。 五、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。 (时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. ＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. 从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 (原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. ＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. 因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。 (条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. 如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。 (条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked. ＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked. 这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。 (让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. 尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。 (伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant. ＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant. 科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。 [注意]　有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。 Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn. 因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。 Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo. 因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。 Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China. 位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。 Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对结果很失望，女孩站在那里一句话也没说。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words. 2．Tsinghua University founded(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 3．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous. 4．Translated(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 5．Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left. 6．Michael put up a poster beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams. 7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 8．Most of the artists invited(invite) to the party were from South Africa. 9．Worried(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit. 10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)． Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词 Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo很高兴，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。 Vingo sat there 1.amazed，with his eyes 2.fixed on the oak tree.3.Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，billowing in the wind.Vingo was 4.delighted and his heart was beating wildly.5.Excited/Thrilled Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6.beloved wife and children looking forward to his returning. 训练3　Reviewing Useful Structures　[分值：71.5分] Ⅰ.完成句子(每小题3分，满分15分) 1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语) With the holiday approaching，my classmates are becoming more and more excited. 2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语) Worried about the coming exam，some students study until midnight. 3．我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词短语作宾补) My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often has meals brought to the classroom. 4．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语) He often does some exercises downloaded from the Internet. 5．决心向他学习，我也开始充分利用课堂上的每一分钟。我相信我的努力迟早会取得回报。[过去分词(短语)作状语、作表语] Determined to learn from him，I also begin to make the most of every minute in class，and I am convinced that my effort will pay off sooner or later. Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分9分) Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience last year.1.Infected(infect) with a serious disease，he was sent to a hospital 2.located(locate) in the centre of the city，far from his school.As a senior 3 student，he couldn’t devote himself to his study like his classmates.Therefore，he was 3.worried(worry)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.He managed to make him 4.understood(understand) by telling his doctor his worries.One day，his attending doctor came in,5.followed(follow) by another patient with glasses.When 6.told(tell) that the patient was a teacher who would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Every Friday，Ross Harrington heads for a shop to pick up deep-fried dim sim，kicking off his weekend routine.Dim sim is a variant of the traditional Chinese dumpling.Served in various ways，it’s become a typical dish in Melbourne and beyond. Australia’s dim sim story began in 1942，when Chinese-Australian businessman William Chen Wing Young realized elderly foreigners who had come to Australia to work during the gold rush were left jobless.“They were like leftovers from the goldfields days.They didn’t make it back home and were too old for heavy work，” says Chen.Meanwhile，Chen noticed how popular Cantonese dim sum had become in Australia.He considered if he could mass-produce siu mai，a steamed Chinese food，these men could sell them on food trucks. However，siu mai differed widely from Australian words and was too much of mouthful for Australian.Chen called it “dim sim” instead，which has the same meaning as dim sum，but in a different Canton dialect，and named the business Wing Lee.But the food wasn’t popular until his son stepped in，accidentally. “While my son was on his way to deliver takeout，he stopped by the fish and chip shop of his friend Joe and left him a box of dim sim，” Chen says.Joe decided to deep fry it，as “that’s the only way you could cook it in fish and chip shop”．The next day，Joe rang，saying all his mates were asking where he got the dim sim.That caused Chen to make fried dim sim and develop other cooking ways.The results were an immediate hit，making Wing Lee Dim Sim the first Chinese factory to commercialize a fast food for the masses. “The dim sim is definitely a typical Australian food，” says Harrington.“Besides the flavor，it reminds us we’re always a country that welcomes new cultures and cuisines.” 1．What’s Chen’s motivation to produce dim sim at first? A．To make use of the leftovers. B．To help needy people make a living. C．To introduce Chinese food in Australia. D．To satisfy the needs of the elderly Australians. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Australia’s dim sim story began in 1942...these men could sell them on food trucks.”可知，陈最初制造点心的目的是帮助那些在淘金热期间来澳大利亚工作但现在因为年纪太大而失业的外国人谋生。故选B项。 2．Why did Chen call siu mai “dim sim”？ A．To have it easily pronounced. B．To copy the famous dim sum. C．To make it close to his dialect. D．To distinguish it from Australian words. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“However，siu mai differed widely from Australian words and was too much of mouthful for Australian.Chen called it ‘dim sim’ instead”可知，陈将siu mai叫作dim sim的目的是使其更容易发音。故选A项。 3．What’s the key factor in the success of Chen’s business? A．Innovation. B．Teamwork. C．Advertisement. D．Management. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Joe decided to deep fry it...and develop other cooking ways.The results were an immediate hit”可知，在得知人们对油炸后的dim sim非常喜欢后，陈开始制作油炸点心并发展出其他烹饪方法，结果一炮而红。由此可知，陈生意成功的关键在于创新。故选A项。 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To recommend a traditional Chinese dish. B．To explain why Australians love dim sim. C．To show the difference in global food cultures. D．To tell how dim sim becomes popular in Australia. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第四段可知，文章主要围绕着dim sim在澳大利亚发展并受欢迎的经过来展开，所以文章的目的是告诉我们dim sim是怎样在澳大利亚流行起来的。故选D项。 B Record sea ice loss caused a mass die-off of emperor penguin chicks in part of Antarctica last year，strengthening predictions that the world’s largest penguin will soon be in danger of extinction. Unlike other penguins，emperor penguins breed(繁殖) on sea ice rather than land.Male emperor penguins hatch the eggs during the Antarctic winter.The furry grey chicks need stable sea ice until December to grow their black waterproof feathers and gain enough muscle to swim.If they go into the water before they develop feathers，chicks can drown or freeze to death. In February，the area of sea ice around Antarctica reached the lowest extent ever observed.After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats in the hard-bit central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea suffered a total breeding failure，with no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.In mid-November，the sea ice there broke up，forcing the penguins to abandon the habitat and most，if not all，of their chicks. A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos.Emperor penguins tend to stay close，walking in a tight group to stay warm in temperatures as low as －60 ℃.The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.Once a habitat has been identified，researchers can count the individual penguins in very high-resolution satellite images. The observations add weight to modelling predictions that 90 percent of emperor penguin habitats could be extinct or past the point of no return by 2100 if current rates of warming continue.While habitats can lose chicks in heavy storms or when severe winds break up the sea ice，this is the first-time widespread breeding failure has been linked to disappearing ice. “Failure is the norm，but complete failure across a whole region，that’s not normal，” says Tim at Oxford Brookes University.“Will this impact the population? It really depends on how often it happens.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由于海冰创纪录的融化，帝企鹅经历了严重的繁殖失败。 5．What was the result of the ice breaking last year? A．The area of the sea reached the lowest point ever. B．Emperor penguins left the habitats with their chicks. C．Emperor penguins had to search for food themselves. D．Most emperor penguin chicks studied failed to survive. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After much of the ice began breaking up late last year，four out of five habitats...no chicks surviving to the feather growing period.”可知，去年的海冰破裂造成了大多数被研究的帝企鹅幼崽都没能存活。故选D项。 6．How did the team identify a habitat in satellite images? A．By counting the penguins. B．By making the images clearer. C．By spotting brown stained ice. D．By collecting penguins’ faeces. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A research team from Oxford Brookes University monitored populations by spotting penguin faeces(排泄物) in satellite photos.”和“The buildup of the habitat’s faeces stains the ice so brown that it can be seen from space.”可知，该团队是通过在卫星图像中发现棕色的冰确定栖息地的。故选C项。 7．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．The area suffered breeding failure for the first time. B．Severe storms caused the extensive breeding failure. C．The total failure has made emperor penguins extinct. D．The frequency of ice breaking needs to be controlled. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果目前气候变暖的速度持续，到2100年90%的帝企鹅栖息地将可能灭绝或处于临界点，结合尾段中的“Will this impact the population? It really depends on how often it happens.”可知，帝企鹅的数量是否会受影响取决于破冰发生的频率。由此推知，需要控制破冰的频率。故选D项。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The main causes of global warming. B．The emperor penguin habitats. C．Emperor penguins’ severe breeding failure. D．Health problems of emperor penguin chicks. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据首段及下文内容可知，研究者发现气候变暖造成的海冰减少导致帝企鹅的栖息地减少，进而造成帝企鹅繁殖失败。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是帝企鹅的严重繁殖失败。故选C项。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Tea Drinkers Enjoy Possible Health Benefits The world is full of tea drinkers. 1 But new research suggests tea might help those who drink it live longer than those who do not. Past studies in China and Japan，where green tea is popular，have suggested several health benefits.Now，scientists say black tea may show similar benefits. 2 They examined years of data gathered about the tea drinking behavior of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years.Black tea is the most common kind of tea in Britain. The researchers adjusted for risks that different persons may have related to health，living conditions，diet and lifestyle choices. 3 That is，a 9 to 13 percent lower risk of death from any cause than non-tea drinkers. The research was published in Annals of Internal Medicine.The scientists said the lowered risk of death held true for study subjects with heart disease.However，researchers said there was no clear finding in connection with deaths from cancer. 4 Experts say polyphenols(多酚) are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been linked to tea，especially green tea.Green tea is reported to improve mental ability and head pain，and help people with weight loss. The study of British tea drinkers was based on observing people’s behaviors and health. 5 The study does not offer enough evidence to advise people to change their tea behaviors. “If you drink one cup a day already，I think that is good，” an expert said.“And please enjoy your cup of tea.” A．The researchers were not sure why. B．For many，they simply enjoy the taste. C．This kind of method cannot prove cause and effect. D．China has a long history of growing and drinking tea. E．Many studies have already proved the benefits of drinking tea. F．The study found that high tea drinking was linked to a reasonable benefit. G．Scientists from the United States National Cancer Institute carried out the study. 1．答案　B 解析　根据空后的“But new research suggests tea might help those who drink it live longer than those who do not.”可知，空处与空后内容之间为转折关系，B选项讲述的是很多人喝茶只是享受其味道，符合逻辑，many与空前的tea drinkers呼应。故选B项。 2．答案　G 解析　空后“They examined years of data gathered about the tea drinking behavior of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years.”介绍了他们是如何进行研究的，可推知空处与研究者相关，G选项符合语境，引起下文。故选G项。 3．答案　F 解析　根据空后的“That is，a 9 to 13 percent lower risk of death from any cause than non-tea drinkers.”可知，后文是对空处内容的解释，由此可猜测，空处讲述的内容应与喝茶带来的好处相关，F选项讲述研究发现经常喝茶与一种好处有关，符合语境。故选F项。 4．答案　A 解析　根据空前的“The scientists said the lowered risk of death...no clear finding in connection with deaths from cancer.”可知，研究发现，喝茶与降低心脏病患者的死亡风险有关，但是却没有发现与癌症死亡率的关系，A选项提到研究者还未确定这种现象的原因，承接空前的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 5．答案　C 解析　空前“The study of British tea drinkers was based on observing people’s behaviors and health.”介绍了该研究的研究方法，空后“The study does not offer enough evidence to advise people to change their tea behaviors.”指出这项研究没有足够的证据建议人们改变喝茶行为，由此可猜测，空处讲述此项研究的不足，C选项中的This kind of method指代空前的研究方法，且内容与本段吻合。故选C项。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) Jiezi Ancient Town is located in Chongzhou，Sichuan Province.“Jiezi” means small street.In the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties，it was called “Hengqu”，1. means across Weijiang River.Due to wars，the lively town turned into 2. street along the river in 1615 in the Ming Dynasty.The local people set this street a new name “Jiezi Chang” for marketing.Hence，it got “Jiezi”． The town has a 3. (combine) of mountains and water，and travelers can enjoy elegant natural scenery and historical sites in the same visit.It is famous for its ancient bluestone roads，ancient houses and locals who have lived here for 4. (generation)．The best way to explore it is 5. (simple) wandering around the old streets 6. (discover) the old shops with old books，handmade straw shoes，old furniture.Immerse (沉浸) yourselves in the old time and relax your eyes by 7. (overlook) the beautiful mountains. Visitors can see a wealth of relic sites 8. (distribute) around Jiezi Ancient Town.It features Fengqishan Scenic Spot，Primitive Forest，Millennium gingko tree，well-preserved Qing-dynasty street and so on.Jiezi Ancient Town also proudly serves 9. the birthplace of Tang Qiu，a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty，who 10. (adopt) the pen name “Gourd Ladle(瓢)”，the special container of his poems. 1．答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为“Hengqu”，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 2．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。泛指“一条沿江的街道”，所以用不定冠词，street的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．答案　combination 解析　考查名词。前面有不定冠词a，所以用名词combination“结合体”的单数形式，作has的宾语。故填combination。 4．答案　generations 解析　考查名词的数。generation“一代”为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数，作介词for的宾语，故填generations。 5．答案　simply 解析　考查副词。修饰动词，所以用副词simply“仅仅，简单地”，作状语。故填simply。 6．答案　to discover 解析　考查动词不定式。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，应用discover的不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to discover。 7．答案　overlooking 解析　考查动名词。作介词by的宾语，所以用overlook“眺望”的动名词形式。故填overlooking。 8．答案　distributed 解析　考查过去分词。本句谓语为can see，此处为非谓语动词，distribute“分配，使分布”和它所修饰的名词短语relic sites是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语。故填distributed。 9．答案　as 解析　考查介词。结合句意和空前的serves可知，此处为固定短语serve as“充当，是”。故填as。 10．答案　adopted 解析　考查动词时态。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，用adopt“采用”的过去式。故填adopted。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$