Unit 5 Launching your career 培优提能限时练-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册教师用书（人教版2019）

培优提能限时练　[分值：77.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A A Pittsburgh-based robotics and engineering start-up recently make Moonwalkers public，a pair of battery-powered shoes that it claims can boost walk speeds by up to 250%. At first glance，Moonwalkers look like a pair of futuristic roller skates，but there is actually a lot more to them than that.You’re actually meant to walk with them the way you would in regular shoes or sneakers，letting the motorized wheels put a spring in your step.Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)，this creative device is actually a platform that can be attached to a wide variety of footwear to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.For comparison，humans’ average walking speed ranges from 2.5 to 4 mph.The sensation of walking with the world’s fastest shoes has been compared to that of walking on a “moving walkway” in an airport. Designed by Shift Robotics，an offshoot of Carnegie Mellon University，Moonwalkers consist of a 300W brushless motor in each 4.2-lb (1.9-kg)shoe that powers eight polyurethane wheels.There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.The shoes are also able to detect downhill movement to prevent accidents. “Moonwalkers are not skates.They’re shoes.The world’s fastest shoes actually，” Xunjie Zang，founder and CEO of Shift Robotics said.“You don’t skate in them.You walk.You don’t have to learn how to use them; the shoes learn from you.” But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground，or things like stairs? We all know how tricky those are for roller skates.Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration and with a simple gesture，the wearer can lock the wheels so that they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear. The first batch was sold at a retail price of $1,399.That’s not cheap，but then again，this isn’t your average pair of shoes; it’s the world’s fastest pair of shoes. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家机械工程初创公司最新推出的一款电池鞋，介绍了其外形、功能及工作原理。 1．Which of the following best explains “put a spring in your step” underlined in paragraph 2? A．Cheer you up. B．Follow your step. C．Replace your shoes. D．Accelerate your pace. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“Powered by a state-of-the-art brushless DC motor(直流电机)...to significantly increase your walking speed up to a reported 7mph/11kph.”可知，这种设备能够极大提高你的步行速度，可推知画线部分为“加快你的步伐”之意。故选D。 2．Which aspect of Moonwalkers does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The application. B．The operating principle. C．The development. D．The advantage. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，这段重点介绍的是这款鞋的工作原理。故选B。 3．What is the most essential part to ensure Moonwalkers to change speed? A．The brushless DC motor. B．The gearbox. C．The wheels. D．The sensors. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is also an AI-powered gearbox that increases or decreases speed according to data regarding the wearer’s walk collected by a series of sensors.”可知，改变速度的关键零件为变速箱。故选B。 4．What can be inferred about Moonwalkers? A．They are environment-friendly. B．They are suitable for quick learners. C．They are adaptable to different road conditions. D．They are well-received by budget-conscious people. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“But do the world’s fastest shoes work on uneven ground...Well，apparently the designers took that into consideration...they can walk up or down stairs as they would in regular footwear.”可推断，该款鞋对于不同的路况有较强的适应性。故选C。 B A study published in the journal Nature Communications details how tiger sharks helped a team of researchers discover the world’s largest known seagrass meadows(草地)，located in the warm waters of the Bahamas. Tiger sharks are fast swimmers and spend around 70 percent of their time swimming over seagrass meadows.Researchers used satellite tags to track individual tiger sharks as they crossed the Bahamas with 360-degree cameras.The satellite-tagged tiger sharks swam more than 2,485 miles in both regions of the Bahama Banks，located near Andros Island，Grand Bahama，and Great Abaco.Besides，these big fish can explore deep waters.These allowed the researchers to see into areas that aren’t easily accessible by humans. The sharks’ swimming in the grass helped the team map out a seagrass meadow that was even bigger than they had imagined.The Bahamas Seagrass Meadow is one continuous ecosystem that covers 35,521 square miles across the Bahama Banks.This study shows a 41 percent increase from the previous projected global amount of seagrass. The findings suggest that all of this greenery plays a major role in absorbing some of the excess(过多的) carbon in the ocean due to burning fossil fuels.One study suggests seagrass can remove carbon 30 times faster than the rainforest.Seagrass also supports the ocean’s biodiversity and fish stocks.In the Bahamas，for example，these meadows serve as key nursery grounds for a host of commercially relevant marine species such as the Nassau Grouper，Queen Conch，Lobster，Manatees，and also they serve as key habitat for threatened species like shark and sea turtles. The work helps protect the seagrass，and also shows off a powerful way to explore the ocean.“The health of the ocean is clearly linked to the ocean’s top predators(捕食者)，” says Beneath the Waves project manager and study co-author David Harris.“By protecting these animals，and learning about their daily lives，we have discovered one of the largest marine findings in the ocean over the last 20 years.Imagine what else we will find as we continue to protect and partner with sharks！” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虎鲨帮助研究人员发现了世界上已知最大的海草草地，并强调了保护海洋生物的重要性。 5．What is a reason for researchers choosing tiger sharks in the study? A．They mainly feed on grass. B．They are the fastest animals. C．They are easily accessible by humans. D．They swim in seagrass most of the time. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tiger sharks are fast swimmers and spend around 70 percent of their time swimming over seagrass meadows.”可知，研究人员选择虎鲨是因为它们大部分时间在海草草地上游泳。故选D项。 6．What was unexpected for the researchers? A．The size of the meadow. B．The depth of the ocean. C．The sharks’ swimming speed. D．The sharks’ intelligence. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The sharks’ swimming in the grass helped the team map out a seagrass meadow that was even bigger than they had imagined.”可知，出乎研究人员意料的是这片海草草地的面积之大。故选A项。 7．What can we learn about seagrass from paragraph 4? A．It is much more important than the rainforest. B．It provides food and shelter for sea creatures. C．It plays a significant role in cleaning the water. D．It keeps the amount of carbon steady in the ocean. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Seagrass also supports the ocean’s biodiversity and fish stocks...as key habitat for threatened species like shark and sea turtles.”可知，海草草地为海洋生物提供了食物和居所。故选B项。 8．Why does David Harris stress the protection of marine animals like sharks? A．Their populations are decreasing quickly. B．Humans regard them as a major food source. C．They could help us learn more about the ocean. D．Seagrass meadows would not survive without them. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中David Harris所说的话“By protecting these animals...Imagine what else we will find as we continue to protect and partner with sharks! ”可推知，保护海洋生物帮助人类更多地了解海洋，因此他强调应保护像鲨鱼这样的海洋生物。故选C项。 Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2024·新课标Ⅰ) Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript(原稿)． 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)．I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 2 Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 3 It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course，with its 2,672 pages，it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”． 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don’t often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don’t want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，中等难度。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1．答案　F 解析　F选项“这意味着良好的语法和没有拼写错误”直接响应前文提到的出版要求，强调了提交稿件的基本标准，与前文强调的专业手稿标准呈现解释关系。故选F。 2．答案　B 解析　上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.”提到作者不相信笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。B选项“它不考虑上下文”解释了作者不相信的原因，符合题意，故选B。 3．答案　E 解析　下文提到了字典的多重作用和功能，E选项(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的)能引起下文内容。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　A选项“我不经常用这本字典”中的指示代词this dictionary指的就是上文中作者提到的字典。同时与下文“However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better.”构成转折关系，提到了字典的使用情况，虽不常用，但却是查单词的来源或者例句的好帮手，A选项承上启下，故选A。 5．答案　D 解析　上文“‘To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work，’ wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of ‘dull’．”提到了Johnson认为编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣)是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) The first cellphone was invented more than fifty years ago.The man who 1 that phone，Martin Cooper，is now in his 90s. In the early 1970s，Cooper worked for an American technology company.At the time the company and other manufacturers were 2 to create wireless phones that could work in vehicles and also be carried.There was 3 between manufacturers to build the first truly 4 phone. Cooper made the first public call from a handheld portable telephone on April 3,1973.The device，called Dyna TAC， 5 about 1.1 kilograms and was 23 centimeters long. Today while Cooper is pleased that his 6 has opened up a series of technological possibilities for cellphone users，he thinks many people are just too 7 with their devices.“I am 8 when I see some people crossing the street and 9 their cellphones.They are out of their minds.” Cooper said. The modern progress of cellphones is sure to continue long into the future.Cooper 10 cellphone batteries could even be replaced by body 11 .“You ingest food，and you create energy.Why not have this receiver for your ear embedded under your skin，powered by your body？” he imagined. Cooper also expressed 12 about how the device has created serious risks for 13 especially in the area of privacy.He hopes cellphones will continue to 14 in ways that can greatly help humanity.“Each generation is going to be smarter...They will learn how to use the cellphone more 15 ，” Cooper said. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章介绍了手机发明者马丁·库珀的经历，以及他对手机发展的看法和担忧。 1．A.operated B．applied C．built D．showed 答案　C 解析　operate操作；apply应用；build开发；show展示。根据前文“The first cellphone was invented more than fifty years ago.”可知，此处是在讲述手机的发明，所以此处应是说第一个开发这款手机的人。故选C项。 2．A.attempting B．refusing C．fearing D．choosing 答案　A 解析　attempt试图；refuse拒绝；fear担心；choose选择。根据后文“to create wireless phones that could work in vehicles and also be carried”并结合选项可知，此处指试图制造既可以在汽车上正常使用又可以随身携带的无线电话。故选A项。 3．A.discussion B．waste C．competition D．trade 答案　C 解析　discussion讨论；waste浪费；competition竞争；trade贸易。根据后文“between manufacturers”可知，制造商之间应是展开了竞争。故选C项。 4．A.available B．suitable C．changeable D．portable 答案　D 解析　available可获得的；suitable合适的；changeable可变的；portable便携式的。根据前文“to create wireless phones that could work in vehicles and also be carried”可知，可以在汽车上正常使用又可以随身携带的无线电话，应该是便携式的。且下文“Cooper made the first public call from a handheld portable telephone on April 3,1973.”也是提示。故选D项。 5．A.added B．weighed C．lost D．remained 答案　B 解析　add增加；weigh有……重；lose失去；remain仍然是。根据后文“about 1.1 kilograms”可知，此处应是讲述手机重约1.1公斤。故选B项。 6．A.dream B．advice C．fame D．invention 答案　D 解析　dream梦想；advice建议；fame名声；invention发明。根据前文“Cooper made the first public call from a handheld portable telephone on April 3,1973.”可知，库珀发明了手机，所以此处指他的发明。故选D项。 7．A.obsessed B．satisfied C．impressed D．careful 答案　A 解析　obsessed(对……)着迷的；satisfied满意的；impressed印象深刻的；careful仔细的。根据后文“I am when I see some people crossing the street and their cellphones.”可知，许多人过马路时看手机，太沉迷于他们的设备。故选A项。 8．A.thankful B．excited C．sad D．lucky 答案　C 解析　根据后文“when I see some people crossing the street and their cellphones”可知，作为手机的发明者，库珀看到一些人过马路时沉迷于手机，肯定是难过的。故选C项。 9．A.turning off B．aiming at C．cleaning up D．focusing on 答案　D 解析　turn off关闭；aim at瞄准；clean up清理；focus on专注于。根据后文“They are out of their minds.”可知，他们专注于手机，心不在焉。故选D项。 10．A.predicts B．disagrees C．warns D．doubts 答案　A 解析　predict预测；disagree不同意；warn警告；doubt怀疑。根据前文“continue long into the future”和后文“cellphone batteries could even be replaced by body ”可知，后文应是库珀预测的事情。故选A项。 11．A.consumption B．behavior C．experience D．energy 答案　D 解析　consumption消费；behavior行为；experience经验；energy能量。根据后文“You ingest food，and you create energy.Why not have this receiver for your ear embedded under your skin，powered by your body？”可知，此处指由人体能量为手机供能。故选D项。 12．A.plans B．worries C．surprises D．decisions 答案　B 解析　plan计划；worry忧虑；surprise惊奇；decision决定。根据后文“how the device has created serious risks”可知，对于严重风险，库珀应是感到担忧。故选B项。 13．A.users B．students C．designers D．colleagues 答案　A 解析　user用户；student学生；designer设计者；colleague同事。根据后文“especially in the area of privacy”可知，对于隐私方面的担忧，应是针对手机的使用者。故选A项。 14．A.show B．progress C．fight D．decrease 答案　B 解析　show展示；progress进步；fight战斗；decrease减少。根据后文“that can greatly help humanity”可知，他希望手机能以极大地帮助人类的方式继续发展。故选B项。 15．A.individually B．differently C．effectively D．constantly 答案　C 解析　individually单独地；differently不同地；effectively有效地；constantly不断地。根据前文“Each generation is going to be smarter”可知，每一代人都会变得更聪明，而更聪明的人能更有效地使用手机。故选C项。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1分，满分15分) After orbiting Earth for six months，the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou  mission departed from the Tiangong space station.They 1. (breath) fresh air for the first time as ground recovery personnel opened the hatch of their capsule at 10：03 am and carried them out one by one. “I am feeling very good.We want to report to the motherland and the people that we have 2._________(success) completed the Shenzhou  mission.” Zhai，told China Central Television.Wang，the first female Chinese spacewalker told the state broadcaster that she wanted to tell her little daughter that “mom has returned after reaching 3. the stars”． The crew has set a new record for China’s 4. (long) spaceflight，almost doubling the previous record of 92 days 5. (create) by their peers in the Shenzhou Ⅻ mission. The crew members also carried out two science lectures for Chinese students.In those lectures,6. were livestreamed worldwide by China Media Group，the astronauts showed viewers 7. they lived and worked inside the gigantic space station and showed physical phenomena only possible in microgravity(微重力)．In one experiment，Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy to display how objects flew in a 8. (weight) environment. The Shenzhou ’s space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series，which aims 9. (inspire) youngsters to pursue their “science and space dreams”．That lecture made China the second country,10. (follow) the United States，to have delivered a lesson to school children from space. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。在绕地球运行六个月后，中国神舟十三号任务的三名机组人员从天宫空间站返回地球，机组人员创造了中国最长太空飞行的新纪录，此行使得中国成为继美国之后第二个从太空向学校学生授课的国家。 1．答案　breathed 解析　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时。故填breathed。 2．答案　successfully 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作状语修饰动词completed，应用副词。故填successfully。 3．答案　for 解析　考查介词。reach for为固定搭配，意为“伸手去够”，符合语境。故填for。 4．答案　longest 解析　考查形容词的最高级。根据句意可知，此次太空飞行机组人员创造了中国最长太空飞行的新纪录，故用形容词的最高级。故填longest。 5．答案　created 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作后置定语，应使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语record之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词。故填created。 6．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为lectures，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句。故填which。 7．答案　how 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作状语表示方式，使用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 8．答案　weightless 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作定语修饰名词environment，使用形容词，根据句意可知空白处应填表示“无重力的”含义的形容词。故填weightless。 9．答案　to inspire 解析　考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth为固定搭配，意为“力求做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to inspire。 10．答案　following 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作状语，应使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词。故填following。 Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分) (2024·四川南充高二期中) 假如你是高中生李华，你从网站得知阆中古城需要志愿者英语导游，请你给项目负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．介绍你的基本信息； 2．说明你的优势； 3．希望获得机会。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：Langzhong Ancient City 阆中古城 Dear Sir or Madam， Yours， Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Sir or Madam， My name is Li Hua，a senior high school student in China.Knowing from your website that a volunteer English tour guide is wanted，I am writing to apply for the position at the Langzhong Ancient City in summer. Here are some of my strengths.To begin with，I can speak English fluently，which allows me to explain the history and culture of this city to foreigners clearly.More importantly，I am a native who is familiar with the city，which makes me suitable for the job. I would be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity to be a volunteer English tour guide.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$