Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Review useful structures（课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review useful structures 新人教选必四 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 教学目的 By the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. To learn the functions of past participle V-ed. 2. To tell the difference between V-ed and V-ing. 3. To learn how to analyze sentence structures. Lead-in： 1. 一个英语句子有且仅有一个谓语动词。 （谓语动词的个数=句子的个数） 2. 英语句子： 简单句（一个句子构成） 复合句（由连词连接2个及以上句子构成） 作谓语的V-ed 1.have/has/had+V-ed 构成完成时 2.be+V-ed 构成被动语态 (不能单独使用) Since 2019, our life has changed a great deal. What you said will be recorded and sent to the police. 非谓语动词 V-ing V-ed to do 表主动和进行 表被动或完成 表将要或目的 作非谓语的V-ed Discuss whether each past participle functions as an attribute, adverbial, predicative, or object complement. 1. Located to the south of the equator ... 2. I'm more interested in meeting people ... 3. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. 4. ... with many of the cultural influences contributed by immigrants. 5. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground ... called the didgeridoo. 6. A skilled player can play for a long time ... 7. ... but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! 定语 定语 定语 定语 定语 表语 表语 状语 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词（短语）与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。 1. 作定语 2. 作表语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作状语 The review of the past participles ： The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim. (Para. 3) 修饰 Chinese-inspired 在句中作定语 Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. (Para. 5) A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. (Para. 6) 修饰 表被动 修饰 表被动 found 和 called在句中作定语 修饰 skilled 在句中作定语 过去分词作定语 1. 意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成； 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1) 表示被动和完成  一条被污染的河流 _______________  浇过水的花 __________________ (2) 只表示完成，不表示被动  落叶 ____________  升起的太阳 ____________ a polluted river the watered flowers fallen leaves the risen sun (1)They found a damaged car at the gate of the park. (2)I bought some painted chairs. (3)He lives in the house built by his father. (4)Have you read this book written by Lu Xun？ (5)Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. 1. 单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 (1)He is one of those invited. (2)Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. (3)He wanted to interview someone related to the matter. 2.过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。 a broken heart a lost dog a risen sun an organized trip a broken glass 一颗破碎的心 丧家之犬 已升起的太阳 一次有组织的旅行 一个破玻璃杯 Examples： 在既定的时间内 用所给的单词 被通缉的人 被聘工人 关切的神情 有关人士 in the given time with the words given a wanted person workers wanted a concerned look the people concerned boiling water = water that is boiling boiled water =water that has boiled 正在沸腾的水 已经沸腾过的水 polluted water printed articles 已经被污染的水 已经被打印的文章 其他形式非谓语动词作定语与-ed作定语的区别 1.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作； 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。 (退休工人) (逃犯) (归国留学生) Compare the followings: (正在变化的) (变化了的) (正在凋谢的) (已经凋谢了的) (发展的) (发达的) (正在飘落的) (已经飘落了的) the changing world the changed world fading flowers faded flowers falling leaves fallen leaves a developing country a developed country retired workers an escaped prisoner returned students e.g. I have much work to do. The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our lab building. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? 2. to do to be done doing being done 表示一个将来的动作 表示一个正在进行的被动动作 表示一个将来的被动动作 表示一个正在进行的主动动作 I know the people building the house there. The house being built over there is a shop. The house built over there is a shop. (主动、进行） (被动、进行) (被动、完成） I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life. (Para. 2) …, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! (Para. 6) 修饰主语 感到有趣的 interested 在句中作表语 修饰主语 确信的；坚信的 convinced 在句中作表语 It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. (Para. 7) 修饰 修饰 born 在句中作表语 过去分词作表语 1. 意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。 (1) She looked ______________ (disappoint). (2) We were ____________ (encourage) at the news. 2. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与 被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： (1) 这本书写得好。____________________________ (2) 这本书是由一位士兵写的。______________________________ disappointed encouraged The book is well written. The book was written by a solider. 1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别 What a surprising result! I am surprised at what he said. { Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。 Fill in the blanks with the right form. 1.I had nothing to do. I was ______(bore) and lonely. 2.Jack looked even more _________(amaze) than he felt. 3.The results were very ______________(disappoint). 4.I was thanked by the __________ (satisfy) customer. amazed bored disappointing satisfied The window is broken. The window was broken by the boy. Conclusion: be + 过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。 2. 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别 Compare: { （1） 完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有： bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。 （2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如： built, cooked, done, dressed, known, prepared, written等。 （3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式 ，如： deeply moved, highly developed, heavily--populated等。 注意事项 （4）动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. He is very much disappointed at the result. The mother was pleased to hear from her son. I’m satisfied that you didn’t tell me a lie. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. (Para. 7) 修饰 被动关系 即: cultural influences which are contributed by immigrants 其结构为: with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 过去分词 过去分词作宾补 V-ed作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。 表示被动或完成的意义。 V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况： 1.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice,find等。 When we got to school, we saw the door locked. (1) You'd better keep the guests seated. (2) We're having our car repaired. (3) I'm trying to get this article finished for Thursday.  (4) She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. 2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep等。 3.表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。 如：want, expect, would like, wish, order等。 (1) The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment. 老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。 (2) I want the suit made to his own measure. 我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。 4.在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中 作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (2) With water heated, we can see the steam.   (3) With the matter settled, we all went home.  凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。 with复合结构表方式 with复合结构表条件 with复合结构表原因 Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. (Para. 1) 主语 被动关系 located 在句中作地点状语 过去分词作状语 V-ed作状语表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示时间、原因、条件、 让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1.作时间状语 Once published (=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular. 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个when, while, after, once等引导的时间状语从句。 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。 2.作原因状语 Absorbed in painting (= Because John was absorbed in painting), John didn't notice evening approaching. 相当于一个as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。 由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3.作条件状语 相当于一个if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour (= If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。 4.作让步状语 Tired (= Although he was tired), he went on working. 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though, although, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 5.作方式或伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。 Left alone at home (= Although he was left alone at home), the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然他被独自留在家里，小男孩一点也不害怕。 1.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 2.Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school. 3. Having studied hard, he succeeded in passing the final exam. 4. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village. Conclusion: 1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。 2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示 “完成”和 “被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。 动词的 -ed形式与-ing 形式作状语的区别： doing having done done having been done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生 各种动词形式作状语的区别 Practise and apply： D as “the home of golf”, Scotland is a perfect destination for a relaxing holiday. Cuba is just south of America, s from it only by the Straits of Florida. It is a country k for its exciting music and dancing. With many parts of the world not m yet, researchers have begun a project that involves travelling around the world and taking sample photographs. Divided separated known mapped I by the first European settlers to Australia, the Sunday roast is now considered typical Australian food. E to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. I by Chinese culture, many capital cities now have Chinatowns which are in themselves popular tourist attractions. Influenced Introduced Exposed Rewrite the sentences without using past participles. Cuba is just south of America, separated from it only by the Straits of Florida. It is a country known for its exciting music and dancing. Cuba is just south of America. Cuba is separated from it only by the Straits of Florida. The country is known for its exciting music and dancing. Divided as “the home of golf”, Scotland is a perfect destination for a relaxing holiday. Scotland is divided as “the home of golf”. Scotland is a perfect destination for a relaxing holiday. With many parts of the world not mapped yet, researchers have begun a project that involves travelling around the world and taking sample photographs. Many parts of the world has not been mapped yet. Researchers have begun a project that involves travelling around the world and taking sample photographs. Introduced by the first European settlers to Australia, the Sunday roast is now considered typical Australian food. The Sunday roast was introduced by the first European settlers to Australia. The Sunday roast is now considered typical Australian food. Exposed to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. Influenced by Chinese culture, many capital cities now have Chinatowns which are in themselves popular tourist attractions. Many capital cities are influenced by Chinese culture. These cities now have Chinatowns which are in themselves popular tourist attractions. Many brave tourists and scientists are exposed to the freezing weather. They still choose to visit Antarctica. What information can you get from each sentence? 如果不使用过去分词，只能把一个句子拆分成两个句子。对比之下，使用过去分词使句子更加紧凑,句子也更有整体感和逻辑性。 The text contains quite a few verb form mistakes. Correct the mistakes on your own. The Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in France, and one of the most visiting monuments in the world. But it wasn’t always so popular. In fact, in 1886, just after its construction was first propose, many were strongly against it. At that time, it would have been the tallest building in the world, and many claim it would destroy the skyline of Paris, or perhaps even destroy some historic landmarks. The chief engineer, Gustave Eiffel, replied say that such a large monument was necessary to symbolise the great efforts of the French people as well as the great advancements in modern engineering, industry, and science. proposed claimed saying 最著名的地标 be strongly against 强烈反对 visited The next year, Eiffel gains approval and the tower was built in time to celebrate the 1889 World Fair in Paris. If you look carefully at the tower, you can still see the names of the 72 scientists, engineers, and mathematicians who help in its construction. Originally, the tower was planned to be taken down after 20 years, but it proved to be too useful as a communications tower, not to mention a giant advertisement board, before finally becomes the iconic attraction that we all know today. gained helped becoming gain approval获得许可 not to mention更不用提 Thinking Map 1886 1887 1889 now Eiffel Tower’s construction plan was proposed started to be built built in time to celebrate the 1889 World Fair in Paris becomes an iconic attraction Against: It would destroy the skyline or even some historic landmarks. For: It could symbolise the great efforts of the French people and the great advancements in modern engineering, industry, and science. 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Review useful structures 新人教选必四 Unit 2 Thank You ! $$