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Section Ⅳ Writing—Writing a summary
C D E @ F )
写作指导
概要写作是一种控制性的作文形式,是一种
对原始文章的基本内容进行浓缩并再加工的语言
输出形式。它提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求
考生基于该短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
原文主要为说明文、议论文或夹叙夹议文,也有记
叙文以及其他文体。
1.剖析原文。做概要写作首先要做的是
“读”。“读”的目的是确定文章的体裁和主题,明
确篇章结构。要根据意义划分文中的自然段,意
义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
2.删除次要内容。理清全文的结构后,我们
就要对文中的内容进行处理。处理的目的是删除
次要内容,保留主要内容。文中描述性语言、细节
和列举的示例都属于要剪掉的次要内容,这些内
容可一带而过。剩余的部分要仔细研读,与主题
相关的关键词句更是要标注出来,重点关注,最后
归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。每段的
首尾句有可能是主题句。
3.归纳要点。完成第二步后,每一段(意义
段)的主要内容已经明确,接下来要做的是用自己
的语言准确地表述各段的要点。为避免和原文的
句子重复,可使用同义转述和句子重构两种方式
来完成要点归纳。各要点的词数应根据文中对应
内容的篇幅来定,分清主次。注意一定要选用适
当的关联词来衔接上下文,保证连贯性。
4.修正定稿。初稿完成后,要检查要点是否
齐全,各要点是否表述准确,检查是否有语法错
误、拼写错误和标点符号错误等,还要检查词数是
否符合要求。
常用表达
1.表示并列或递进
(1) It helps drive Zhejiangs development.
Furthermore,its of great help to enhance the high
speed railway technology.
(2)He found the influence had lasted for many
years. Additionally,he found napping would do harm
to childrens mental performance.
(3)Not only are the graduates themselves
responsible for the situation,but also the government
should.
2.表示因果
(1)Recently,the unsafe additives make people
worried about the food safety. Consequently,the
government has already taken action to improve the
situation.
(2)Its quantity demand has increased rapidly
due to the convenient bottled water.
(3)The students have pressure from studies in
order to find good jobs. Accordingly,parents dont
need to put much pressure on them.
3.表示转折
(1)Drier climates also easily result in water
shortages; nonetheless, good management can
guarantee enough water to satisfy our fundamental
demands.
(2)Sensitive people can quickly fit into any
social situation. On the contrary,if a sensitive person
experiences pain,its very hard for him to let it go.
(3)Parental involvement isnt the crucial factor
for success. Nevertheless,it sometimes may be
effective if reasonable.
4.表示对比
(1)Fishes and birds migrate to feed,while
some animals,such as a kind of mouse in Northern
Europe,move for more spaces to live in.
(2)Its difficult for Chinese students to feel the
joy of learning. At the same time the situation to
American students is quite different.
(3)On the one hand,featuring rich vitamin B6
and fiber,bananas help oxygen circulation. On the
other hand,the tryptophan in bananas can raise ones
spirits and guarantee a good sleep.
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实战演练
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右
的内容概要。
There are many good reasons for adding
recycling to your routine,ranging from a personal
level to a global advantage. Recycling your waste
makes you more responsible in the way you use and
dispose of it. As a result,people end up saving a
considerable amount of money while also saving the
planet. Individuals,governing bodies and companies
can take pride in minimizing their waste as they are
helping to reduce global environmental damage and
making this earth a better place.
Apart from the environmental benefits,think of
the employment that it can generate. You put your
waste in different bins. The manpower involved in the
logistics and processing of your waste is considerable
and thus you are helping to keep people in jobs.
What could be more helpful in tough economic times
as now than keeping people employed?
That is not all of the advantages of recycling.
Many charities and community groups raise money
through reusing and recycling goods. Your city has
many charity shops that will take your unwanted
clothes,electronics,furniture and other household
items to resell as income for these nonprofit
organizations and these donations are also tax
deductible for you. Some other notforprofit charities
will deliver such clothing and other items to
underdeveloped communities around the globe. So,
think of the people in need in your local community
and in other nations before you throw away all those
unused or uneaten stuff into the trash can next time.
When we talk about recycling household and
workplace things,we tend to ignore or are less aware
of how to deal with the electrical and electronic
waste. Ewaste is valuable as a source of secondary
raw material but poisonous if disposed of improperly.
Due to rapid technology development,obsolescent
items have created a fast growing mass of electronic
waste around the globe.
审题谋篇
【审题】
1.确定文体:说明文;
2.主体时态:一般现在时;
3.主体人称:第三人称为主。
【谋篇】
短文中共有4段文字,每个自然段就是一个
意义段,因此确定需要归纳的要点为4个。
遣词造句
【核心词汇】
1.对……有益 be beneficial to
2.就……而言;在……方面 in terms of
3.创造就业机会 generate employment
4.此外;而且 in addition
5.多加注意 pay more attention to
【找主题句】
要点句(1)① There are many good reasons for
adding recycling to your routine,ranging from a
personal level to a global advantage.
②Individuals,governing bodies and companies can
take pride in minimizing their waste as they are
helping to reduce global environmental damage and
making this earth a better place.
要点句(2)Apart from the environmental benefits,
think of the employment that it can generate.
要点句(3)Many charities and community groups
raise money through reusing and recycling goods.
要点句(4)Ewaste is valuable as a source of
secondary raw material but poisonous if disposed of
improperly.
【句式升级】
请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要
点句。
要点1:
要点2:
要点3:
要点4:
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组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语,把以上词汇和句式连接
起来,组成一篇60词左右的概要写作
。
请同学们认真完成练案[8
]
阅读理解题型点拨(二)——细节理解题之间接信息题
命题角度1 词语替换类细节题
命题透视
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词
语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文
中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的
reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的
more in common进行同义转换。
方法点拨
词语复现法
词
语
复
现
法
第一步:审清题目问的是什么,带着问
题有针对性地扫读原文,迅速锁定相关
信息
第三步:仔细比较选项与原文信息,选
出答案
第二步:通过语意转换,在文章中寻找
题干中关键词语的同义词或近义词
┃┃典例剖析
■
1.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),A]
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962,Pacific Science Center has been
inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong
learning in science,math and technology. Today,
Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3 million
people a year and brings inquirybased science
education to classrooms and community events all
over Washington State. Its an amazing
accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without
generous support from individuals,corporations,and
other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.
org to find various ways you can support Pacific
Science Center.
What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
D
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
解析:D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Today,
Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3
million people a year and brings inquirybased
science education to classrooms and community
events”可知,太平洋科学中心把科学教育带入
课堂,故选D。
命题角度2 数字计算类细节题
命题透视
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年
龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题
的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息
的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单
。
!&!
难句解析
1.真正的主语 宾语
我认为重要的是年轻人应该知道,赚大钱并不总是给
他们带来快乐,看起来与众不同也不会使一个人显得
不正常!
2.表语 非限制性定语 thoughts and messages
尽管它得到了广泛的认可,但我的第一印象是《相约星
期二》只是由一系列过于情绪化的思想和信息组成的,
其中许多都是重复的。
3.让步状语 宾语 定语 something
虽然这本书不是我最喜欢的,但我还是建议大家读一
读——毕竟,这本书有点与众不同!
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. weaken 2. possession 3. widespread 4. recognition
5. pessimistic 6. anticipate 7. abnormal
Ⅱ. 1. weaken 2. charging 3. possession 4. to
5. recognition 6. through 7. to 8. had been
Ⅲ. 1. be reunited with 2. is made up of 3. after all 4. get
through 5. has gone through
Section Ⅱ Using language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. phrase 2. fee 3. cooperate;cooperation;cooperative;
cooperator
Ⅱ. 1.总的来说;一般来说 2.传递 3.最后,最终
4.坚持 5.与……合作 6. put all ones efforts into
7. graduate from 8. in order to 9. lose weight 10. as soon
as possible
Ⅲ. making him the oldest university graduate in the country
Ⅳ. am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
have / has + been +及物动词的过去分词
get +过去分词
过去完成时
一般将来时
课内要点探究
核心词汇
①in / on ②with ③cooperation ④cooperating with
重点短语
1.①working ②rolled ③stay ④is
⑤would work extra hours rather than be reunited with
⑥would rather work extra hours than be reunited with
⑦prefers to work extra hours rather than be reunited with
2.①come true ②has come true ③has been realized
④has realized
重点句式
1.①to get ②so that;couldnt ③in order not
2.①(should)go ②using ③(should)wait ④was
单元语法精析
语法达标训练
1. are called 2. was needed 3. be chosen 4. is driven
5. be employed 6. was informed 7. has been expressed
8. had been digested 9. have been employed 10. is
considered 11. have been installed 12. be provided
13. being sighted 14. be used 15. been used
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. on 2. by 3. with 4. cooperation 5. in 6. does
Ⅱ. 1. has increased from 1. 2 million to 2. will come true
3. the small room less so 4. is on the increase
Ⅲ. 1. will be frightened away 2. have been taken 3. is
being discussed 4. was bought for 5. are heard to sing
6. must be operated 7. were taught by the teacher 8. can be
completed by them
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. absurd 2. lean 3. Madame 4. stroke 5. despair
6. luxury 7. pure;purely;purify;purity 8. instinctively;
instinct;instinctive
Ⅱ. 1.挤满着 2.穿着 3.向……道别 4.立刻
5.对……满意 6. be composed of / be made up of 7. refer
to 8. vote for 9. in search of / search for 10. to the point
11. burst out laughing
Ⅲ. 1. with hand outstretched
2. every time you go to the window
3. so very kind as to give him back to us
Ⅳ.(一)Tyltyl and Mytyl came to the Palace of Happiness to
search for the Blue Bird of Happiness,but in vain.
Tyltyls pet bird cured his neighbours disease.
(二)1. B 2. C 3. A
(三)1. have been searching 2. laughing 3. with 4. magical
5. While 6. it 7. who 8. instinctively 9. hesitation
10. a
课内要点探究
核心词汇
①lean ever ②lean back ③lean against
重点短语
1.①for ②in ③in search of / to search for
④searching for
2.① tears;laughing ②burst into ③ burst into laughter /
burst out laughing
3.①as ②dressed in boots ③Dressed
重点句式
1.①before we meet again ②Before she could move
2. ① The first time ② Every time ③ the moment / the
minute / the instant / as soon as ④ Any time ⑤ Next
time / The next time
难句解析
1.定语从句 他们围着孩子们欢快地跳起舞来。而后,
一个头领模样的人伸出手走向狄蒂尔。
2. that 定语从句 该剧的中心思想是,幸福不是从财富
等奢侈品中寻求,而是从家庭生活中的简单小事以及
友谊和善良的举动中寻求。
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. crammed 2. pure 3. absurd 4. transparent
5. leaning 6. instinctively 7. luxury
Ⅱ. 1. purely 2. out 3. off / out 4. out 5. off 6. working
7. had been put 8. cooking 9. for 10. in
Ⅲ. 1. search for 2. went up to 3. dressed in 4. all the
time 5. was pleased with 6. rushed into 7. burst out
8. was crammed with 9. set off 10. vote for
Section Ⅳ Writing—Writing a summary
核心词汇
1. be beneficial to 2. in terms of 3. generate employment
4. in addition 5. pay more attention to
句式升级
要点1:Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of
not only every individual but also the overall planet.
要点2:It can also help create jobs and keep people
employed,generating employment.
要点3:Charities and community groups can help those in
need through peoples recycling of goods.
要点4:We should also pay more attention to the problem of
ewaste.
—322—
组句成篇
参考范文:
Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of not
only every individual but also the overall planet.(要点1)It
can also help create jobs and keep people employed,
generating employment. (要点2)In addition,charities and
community groups can help those in need through peoples
recycling of goods. (要点3)We should also pay more
attention to the problem of ewaste.(要点4)
Unit 3 The world meets China
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. gateway 2. oasis 3. boast 4. statue 5. peak
6. scroll 7. crossroads 8. expo 9. glorious;glory
10. religious;religion 11. heavenly;heaven 12. strengthen;
strength;strong 13. coverage;cover
Ⅱ. 1. vary from. . . to. . . 2. be unique to 3. in detail
4. a stones throw 5. thanks to 6. to name just a few
7. once more
Ⅲ. 1. so that you can get a better view
2. as if they are about to fly down to meet us
3. In a sealed cave,now known as the famous Library Cave,
were hidden
4. even though it was once such a great city
5. Given that the theme of the Expo
Ⅳ.(一)A
(二)1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
(三)1. significance 2. boasting 3. Known 4. to 5. which
6. most important 7. thousands 8. that 9. global
10. hosted
课内要点探究
核心词汇
①are strengthened ②strengthening ③strength
④strengths ⑤up
重点短语
1.①to ②in ③with ④varies ⑥vary widely from shop
to shop
2.①dates ②dating ③of ④dating ⑤ from ⑥which
is said to date back to
3.①out ②in ③from ④faded out the music
4.①to ②to ③came (back)to life ④can we bring our
hometown (back)to life ⑤came to life
重点句式
1.①to ②in ③which ④whom
2.①living ②concentrated ③to do ④With his attention
focused on his homework
3.①rushed ②stands ③were / are ④was / is ⑤lie many
lakes ⑥in came
难句解析
1.宾语 时间状语
你可以想象当游客看到前面的敦煌绿洲时的感受。
2.方式状语 就要做……
飞天被描绘成在蔚蓝的天空中飞行,他们的彩带飞舞
着,仿佛要飞下来迎接我们。
3.状语 时间状语
从公元405年到公元1002年,这些隐藏的宝藏给了我
们一幅敦煌的图片,当时敦煌正处于丝绸之路贸易的
中心。
4.定语 the reason
然而,藏经洞多年前被封的原因仍然是个谜。
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. peak 2. strengthen 3. coverage 4. gateway
5. statue
Ⅱ. 1. coming 2. to 3. from 4. boasted 5. strengthened
6. known 7. in 8. determined
Ⅲ. 1. in exchange for 2. in astonishment 3. which varies
from culture to culture
4. ① which dates from / back to the early period of the
Tang Dynasty
②dating from / back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty
5. but it remains to be seen 6. brought French to life
7. With so many people communicating in English every day
Section Ⅱ Using language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. department 2. scholar;scholarship
3. institute;institution
Ⅱ. 1.与……相混合 2.以……而著名 3.作为整体;整
个来看 4.国内外 5. show a strong interest in 6. in
addition to 7. at the end of 8. be accepted into
Ⅲ. 1.时间 2.条件 3.原因 4.让步 5.方式 6.目的
课内要点探究
重点短语
①of ②on ③ into ④of ⑤on ⑥ for ⑦give an
account of what had happened ⑧ account for
my preference
重点句式
1.①No matter where I buy them ②no matter how it ends
③no matter when
2.①why ②why ③that
单元语法精析
语法达标训练
1. because 2. unless 3. where 4. since 5. that 6. than
7. Even though 8. as if 9. in order that 10. on
condition that
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. strengthening 2. accessible 3. scholars
4. department 5. institute
Ⅱ. 1. into 2. to land 3. when 4. before 5. though / if
6. than 7. since 8. As 9. in 10. unless
Ⅲ. 1. earn money 2. with the aim of 3. In short 4. serve
as 5. interact with
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. temple 2. tune 3. genius 4. kingdom 5. historian;
history;historic 6. prior;priority 7. romance;romantic;
romanticism 8. stratagem;strategy;strategic 9. enormous;
enormously
Ⅱ. 1.对……有深远的影响 2.把……翻译成……
3.实现 4.密切注意…… 5.高度赞扬 6. prior to
7. be familiar to 8. fall in love with 9. be exposed to
10. strike a chord
Ⅲ. 1. the first time I read it
2. Now that this dream has come true
3. on whats being selfpublished online by new,young authors
4. Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published
Ⅳ.(一)1. D
2. Part 1:C Part 2:A Part 3:B
(二)
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
—422—