专题04 简单句、并列句、复合句精讲-2025届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

专题04.简单句、并列句、复合句精讲 简单句 1、陈述句 说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much. 2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends 3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句 ①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane. ②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday. 4）陈述句改一般疑问句 ①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane? ②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday? 2、疑问句 用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。 1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t. —Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t. 2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car. 3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。 —Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please. 4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。 —It’s a fine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is. 3、祈使句 表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。 1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。 ①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. ②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again. 2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 4、感叹句 1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! 2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词 How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is! 5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。 1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There is some milk in the fridge. There are some peaches in the basket. 2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case. There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case. 3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物； have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books. 6、倒装句 So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语． 前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也 如此。” 前面陈述的否定情况也 适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结 构。 例如： He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球，我也喜欢。 Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim． 凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。 注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的 看法，表示“的确如此。” “是呀。” 例如： 一 Basketball is very popular game in America． 篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。 一 So it is．的确如此。 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Look! It’s snowing ________ outside. You’d better ________ out. A．heavily; go B．heavy; to go C．heavy; don’t go D．heavily; not go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！外面雪正下得很大。你最好不要出去。 考查副词的用法及否定句。heavy大量的，形容词；heavily大量地，副词。第一空需要一个副词来修饰动词“snowing”，表示雪下得很大。“heavy”是形容词，其副词形式是 “heavily”；根据snowing可知，外面下雪，因此是最好不要出去，had better not do“最好不要做某事”。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—________ do you change the battery of your robot? —Every two months. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How many 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你多久换一次你的机器人的电池？——每两个月。 考查特殊疑问词。How often多久一次；How long多久；How soon多久以后；How many多少。根据答语“Every two months”可知是就频率提问，要用“How often”。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—________ is it from here to your home? — About 20 minutes by car. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——从这儿到你家有多远？——开车大约20分钟。 考查疑问词辨析。How long多长；How far多远；How soon多久之后；How much多少，询问数量或价格。根据答语“20 minutes by car”可知问的是距离。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）— _______ didn’t Helen attend the party yesterday evening? —She was racing against the time to finish a report on her project. A．What B．How C．Why D．When 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么海伦昨晚没参加派对？——她在争分夺秒完成她项目的一份报告。 考查疑问词辨析。What什么；How怎样；Why为什么；When什么时候。根据答语“She was racing against the time to finish a report on her project.”可知，问句询问缺席原因，需用“Why”提问。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．take; stages B．to take; passages C．taking; messages D．taken; advantages 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么斑马鱼被带上神州18号吗？——他们有体积小以及发育周期短的优势。 考查动词和名词。take带走；to take动词不定式；taking动名词/现在分词；taken过去分词；stages阶段，舞台；passages文章；messages信息；advantages优势。主语zebrafish(斑马鱼)和动词“带走”是被动关系，结合空格前面的are可知，此句是被动语态，要填过去分词taken。根据空格后面的like small size and short development cycle(比如体积小和发育周期短)可知，前面句意为“它们有优势”，要填“优势”advantages。故选D。 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—________ is it from our school to Siyang High-speed Railway Station? —I have no idea. Perhaps a few miles away. A．How far B．How soon C．How often D．How long 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——从我们学校到泗阳高铁站有多远？——我不知道，可能几英里远。 考查疑问词辨析。How far多远，用于询问距离；How soon多久之后，用于询问时间快慢；How often多久一次，用于询问频率；How long多久，用于询问时间长度或物体的长度。根据答句“Perhaps a few miles away”可知，问句询问的是距离。故选A。 7．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—He didn’t win the dash, did he?   —________, though he tried to run as fast as he could. A．Yes, he didn’t B．Yes, he did C．No, he did D．No, he didn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他没有赢得短跑，是吗？——是的，他没赢，尽管他尽力跑了。 考查反意疑问句的回答。反意疑问句的回答要根据事实来回答，如果事实是否定的，回答用“No，人称代词+否定助动词”；如果事实是肯定的，回答用“Yes，人称代词+肯定助动词”。根据“though he tried to run as fast as he could”可知，他没有赢得比赛，因此回答是否定的。故选D。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Simply ________ the form and return it to me, and I shall personally keep the hotel room for you. A．completed B．to complete C．completing D．complete 【答案】D 【详解】句意：只需填写表格并交还给我，我将亲自为你保留酒店房间。 考查祈使句。根据“the form and return it to me, and I shall personally keep the hotel room for you”可知，本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，空处是以动词原形开头的祈使句。故选D。 9．（2017·江苏南京·中考真题）—Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is? —Just ________ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．keeps 【答案】A 【详解】句意“抱歉，请问一下你能告诉我离这里最近的银行吗？-走过两个街区，你就能看到银行”。本题考查祈使句，祈使句省略主语you直接以动词原形开头，故选A。 10．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）________ that the astronauts of Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship entered China’s space station early on April 26, 2024. A．What a success B．What success C．How a success D．How success 【答案】A 【详解】句意：神舟十八号载人飞船的宇航员于2024年4月26日凌晨成功进入中国空间站，多么成功啊！ 考查感叹句用法。感叹句常见结构为“What+ (a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”和“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。本题中“success”为可数名词单数（指具体成功事件），需用“What a success”结构。故选A。 11．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—________ exciting news report the young reporter wrote! —Yes, it’s about the 9th Asian Winter Games held in Harbin from Feb 7th to 14th, 2025． A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这位年轻记者写的多么激动人心的一篇新闻报道啊！——是的，这是关于2025年2月7日至14日在哈尔滨举行的第九届亚洲冬季运动会的报道。 考查感叹句。根据“...exciting news report the young reporter wrote!”可知，该句是“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!”型感叹句，exciting是元音音素开头的单词，冠词应用an。故选C。 12．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—_______ beautiful flowers we enjoyed at the Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival! —Yes, I couldn’t stop taking photos there. A．How a B．How C．What a D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们在南京国际梅花节上欣赏了多么美丽的花啊! ——是的，我在那里不停地拍照。 考查感叹句。根据“...beautiful flowers we enjoyed at the Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival!”可知，该句是感叹句，中心词为名词复数flowers，应用what引导感叹句，其结构为“what+形容词+可数名词复数+主+谓”，故选D。 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）________ fun it is to have a bowl of ice cream on such a hot day! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在这么热的天吃一碗冰淇淋是多么有趣啊！ 考查感叹句。中心词为“fun”，故此处是what引导的感叹句，结构为What + (a/an) +形容词+名词 +主谓！/What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓！/What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓！根据“fun”可知，它是一个不可数名词，表示“乐趣”或“有趣的事”，由于fun 是不可数名词，不能使用a/an来修饰。故选A。 14．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—________ lovely soft toy it is! —Yes. It’s name is Si Shengsheng, and it is the mascot of the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多么可爱的毛绒玩具啊！——是的。它的名字叫Si Shengsheng，是2025年春晚的吉祥物。 考查感叹句的结构。What引导感叹句，修饰名词；How引导感叹句，修饰形容词或副词；What a引导感叹句，修饰可数名词单数，a表示“一个”；How a表达是错误。在句中，“lovely soft toy”是一个可数名词单数短语，中心词是“toy”。感叹句的结构为 “What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”，所以这里应该用“What a”来引导感叹句，表示“多么可爱的一个毛绒玩具啊”。故选C。 15．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—I’ll do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors? —Why ________? Susan is sitting there doing nothing. A．I B．me C．she D．her 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我来洗碗。Jack，你能扫一下地吗？  ——为什么是我？Susan坐在那里什么也不做。 考查代词辨析及省略句。I我，代词主格；me我，代词宾格；she她，代词主格；her她，她的，代词宾格或形容词性物主代词。结合“Why…”及“Susan is sitting there doing nothing”可知，Susan什么也没做，此处应是Jack在表达“Susan什么也没做”却让他做家务的不满，指“为什么让我来做”，“Why me?”是一个省略句，没有谓语，当作主语的人称代词孤立地使用于无谓语的句子中时，通常用宾格而不用主格，尤其是第一人称单数。这种表达是一种比较简洁的疑问形式，表达对某件事情发生在自己身上的疑惑、不解或者不满。故选B。 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙). A．standing B．to stand C．stand D．stands 【答案】D 【详解】句意：泰山顶上矗立着玉皇庙。 考查倒装句和主谓一致。根据“On the top of Mount Tai ... Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).”可知表示“矗立”，且句子为倒装结构，主语“Jade Emperor Temple”，谓语用第三人称单数形式stands。故选D。 17．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—We are not allowed to bring any snacks at the sports meeting. —________. A．So do we B．Neither do we C．So are we D．Neither are we 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在运动会上，我们不允许带任何零食。——我们也不允许。 考查倒装句。so do we我们也是；neither do we我们也不；so are we我们也是；neither are we我们也不。根据“We are not allowed to bring any snacks at the sports meeting.”可知，答句中应使用系动词are，排除选项AB；此处说明前面提到的否定情况也适用于后者，应使用“我们也不”。故选D。 18．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）— I don’t like to get up late every morning. — ______. I think taking exercise in the morning is good for our health. A．So do I B．So I do C．Neither do I D．Neither I do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不喜欢每天早上晚起。——我也不喜欢。我认为早上锻炼对我们的健康有好处。 考查倒装句。“So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也一样”，用于肯定句；“Neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也不”，用于否定句。根据“I don’t like...”可知，是否定句，所以这里要用“Neither+助动词+主语”的结构，上句助动词是“do”，所以应是“Neither do I”。故选C。 19．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—________ the years go by, I still remember the games we played when we were school boys. —________. They were very interesting at that time. A． Though; Neither do I B．As; So do I C．While; Me too D．Since; Me neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——随着岁月的流逝，我仍然记得我们小时候玩的游戏。——我也是。那时候它们非常有趣。 考查连词及倒装句。Though虽然；As随着；While当……时；Since自从。根据“the years go by”可知，空一处表示随着时间的流逝，用as连接；根据“They were very interesting at that time.”可知，此处表示上文的情况也适用后者，且上文为肯定句，用“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”。故选B。 20．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来，一些欧洲国家的人口正在减少。许多年轻人正在搬到大城市。 考查主谓一致。The population作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据“Many young people are moving to big cities.”可知，是人口变少了，用small的比较级smaller。故选B。 21．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there? A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今晚有场电影，是吗？ 考查there be句型与反意疑问句。there后跟be动词，排除选项B。根据“There...a film tonight”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；根据“isn’t there”可知，结构应是be going to。故选C。 22．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。 考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时，修饰名词单数形式；are用于一般现在时，修饰名词复数形式；have有，用于一般现在时；were用于一般过去时，修饰名词复数形式。分析题干，该句为“there be”句型，应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定，“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式，be动词应用is。故选A。 23．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Nearly ________ of the task ________ completed by us. We worked closely. A．three-fifth; was B．three-fifths; was C．third-fifths; were D．third-fifth; were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：将近五分之三的任务是我们完成的。我们密切合作。 考查分数表达及主谓一致。英语的分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，但当分子大于1时分母要用复数形式；通常情况下，分数后面所接的名词为单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词则用单数形式，根据空后的“the task”为可数名词的单数形式可知，谓语动词应用三单形式。故选B。 24．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—Does this rabbit ________ a big ear? —No, it doesn’t. But it ________ a big nose. A．has; has B．has; have C．have; has D．have; have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这只兔子有一只大耳朵吗？——不，没有。但是它有一个大鼻子。 考查一般疑问句和主谓一致。第一句是一般疑问句，句中有助动词does，动词用原形have，排除A、B；第二空主语是it，动词用单三形式has，故选C。 25．（2023·江苏扬州·三模）The number of people at the concert was ________ than expected. There were many tickets left. A．many more B．much more C．much larger D．much smaller 【答案】D 【详解】句意：出席音乐会的人数比预期的要少得多。还有很多票。 考查比较级修饰词及形容词比较级。much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级，排除A，much more多的多； much larger大的多； much smaller小的多。根据下文“There are many tickets left.”可知上文是说“人数比预期的要少的多。” The number of…表示“……的数目”，这里用large和small修饰，排除B；这里是“少的多”，排除C。故选D。 并列句 1.并列连词的分类：按照其在句中的作用可分为表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。 ①表示并列关系的连词：and, both...and...(既...又...), not only..but also..(不但...而且...), neither...nor...(既不...也不...)等。 ②表示转折关系的连词：but, yet(而), while(然而)，however等。 ③表示选择关系的连词：or, either...or...(或者...或者.../不是...就是...)等 ④表示因果关系的连词：for, so，therefore等。 2.常考的四个连词： 连词 主要用法 例句 and 表并列，连接词、短语或句子 Lily and Kate are good students. They sang and danced at the party last night. Be careful and you will make fewer mistakes. ①“和，又”，变为否定句时，用or ②“那么”，祈使句+and+陈述句 or 表选择，连接词、短语或句子 She can't sing and dance. Which season do you like better,spring or summer? Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ①“和”，用于否定句中 ②“或者”，用于选择疑问句中，不用yes/no回答 ③“否则”，祈使句+or+陈述句 but “但是;然而”,表示转折关系,连接意思相反的词、短语或句子，不与although/though连用 I like English, but I don't like math. He is young but very experienced. so “因此;所以”,表示因果关系,连接两个句子，不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them. 3.常考的连词短语 neither...nor... 既不……也不……;两者都不…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” either...or... ……或者……;要么……要么…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” both...and... 两者都…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 as well as 而且,还,又 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 例：Neither she nor I like playing basketball. Either you or I am right. He plays not only basketball but also football. Not only she but also I am a student. Both you and I are students. 1．（2025·甘肃临夏·一模）AI helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t lose our own creativity. A．until B．but C．because D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人工智能对我们帮助很大，但我们不应该失去自己的创造力。 考查并列连词辨析。until直到；but但是；because因为；unless除非。根据“AI helps us a lot...we shouldn’t lose our own creativity.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，此处应用转折连词but连接句子，意为“但是”，符合句子逻辑。故选B。 2．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it. —You may ask Li Ming for help. He cooks nice food. A．as B．so C．but D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我喜欢烹饪，但我并不擅长它。  ——你可以向李明求助。他做饭好吃。 考查连词词义辨析。as因为，随着；so所以；but但是；or或者，否则。“I like cooking”和“I’m not good at it”之间是转折关系，故but符合语境，故选C。 3．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）Many people are aware of pollution, ________ they often don’t take action to reduce it. A．but B．and C．so D．or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多人都意识到了污染问题，但是他们常常不采取行动来减少污染。 考查连词辨析。but但是，表示转折关系。and和，并且，表示并列或顺承关系；so所以，因此，表示因果关系；or或者，否则，表示选择关系。根据“Many people are aware of pollution”以及“they often don’t take action to reduce it”可知，前后两个句子的意思之间存在转折，前面说意识到污染，后面说却不采取行动。故选A。 4．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）My glasses fell to the ground and broke into pieces, ________ I have to buy a new pair. A．or B．but C．so D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的眼镜掉在地上摔成了碎片，所以我得买副新的。 考查连词辨析。or或者；but但是；so因此；for为了。分析句子可知，“My glasses fell to the ground and broke into pieces,”是原因，“I have to buy a new pair.”是结果，因此用so引导结果状语从句。故选C。 5．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）—Would you like more jiaozi, Linda? —No, thanks. They are delicious ________ I’m full. A．or B．for C．and D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——琳达，你还想要些饺子吗？ ——不了，谢谢。它们很美味，但我已经吃饱了。 考查连词辨析。or或者，否则；for因为，由于；and和，并且；but但是。根据“They are delicious … I’m full.”可知，前后句子是转折关系，即饺子很好吃，但是“我”已经饱了，应用“but”。故选D。 6．（2021·湖北荆州·一模）—I hear ________ your grandpa ________ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in our city. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说你的爷爷和奶奶都喜欢看京剧。——对的，就像我们城市的很多老人一样。 考查连词辨析。both ... and ... ……和……都；either ... or ... 要么……要么……；neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……；not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……。根据“Right, just as many old people do in our city.”可知爷爷奶奶都喜欢看京剧，再由“like”可知谓语动词用原形，主语表复数含义，用both ... and ... 连接并列主语。故选A。 7．（2024·江苏淮安·三模）—Which do you like better, rock music or folk music? —Rock, of course. It’s rather exciting. ________ I ________ my brother likes it. A．Not only; but B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Either; or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你比较喜欢哪一个，摇滚音乐还是民间音乐？——当然是摇滚，它相当令人兴奋。不仅我而且我弟弟也喜欢它。 考查连词。Not only...but不仅……而且；Neither...nor既不……也不；Both...and两者都；Either...or要么……要么。根据“likes”可知，横线上有就近原则，排除C。根据“it’s rather exciting”可知，应是不仅我而且我弟弟也喜欢它。故选A。 8．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：试着做自己生活的主人。生活就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。 考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or...要么……要么……；both...and两者都；not only...but also...不但……而且……。根据“...you ride it...it rides you”可知，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。故选B。 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I’m interested in ________ the comedy ________ the documentary. I enjoy cartoons. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我对喜剧和纪录片都不感兴趣。我喜欢动画片。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；not only...but also不仅……而且。根据“I enjoy cartoons.”可知，“我”喜欢动画片，因此“我”既不喜欢喜剧，也不喜欢纪录片，故选C。 状语从句 引导 名词性从句 That ①只起连接作用，不做句子成分②在句中没有实际意义 ③在宾语从句中通常可以省略 The girl feels that the weather is cold. if/whether ①表示“是否” ②不做句子成分 He asked me if/whether I knew Mike. I wonder whether he will come or not. 引导 状语从句 时间状语从句 （主将从现、 主过从过） when/while/as当...时候 I was sleeping when she came in. I was sleeping while she was running. I will tell her the news when she comes to see me next week. after在...之后 I went to bed after I finished my homework. before在...之前 I finished my homework before I went to bed. as soon as一...就... I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. until直到...为止 I won’t go home until ten o’clock. (not...until) since自...以来 I have had it since I was ten years old. ha 地点状语从句 where Where there is a will,there is a way. Wherever you go,home is the best. wherever 原因状语从句 Because/as/since I was late for school this morning because I stayed up late last night. 比较状语从句 than比 I’m taller than you. as...as...与...一样 I am as tall as you. not as/so...as...不如 English is not as/so difficult as Math. 让步状语从句 although/though/while/even if/even though Although/Though/Even if/Even though he has a cold,he still goes to school. 条件状语从句 （主将从现、 主情从现、 主祈从现） if如果 We will stay at home tomorrow if it is rainy. unless除非 You will fail unless you work hard. as/so long as只要 You will get good grades as long as you study hard. 方式状语从句 as像/与...一样 We did as he told us. as if/as though好像 It seems as if it is going to rain. 目的状语从句 in order to/that目的是.../为了... I saved my money in order to buy a bike. I saved my money in order that I can buy a bike. I saved my money so that I can buy a bike. so that/so以便 结果状语从句 so/such...that...如此...以致于... It was so cold that we don’t want to go outside. It was such a cold day that we don’t want to go outside. 1．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）You won’t get true friendship ________ you treat others with your heart. A．if B．unless C．because D．although 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你不会得到真正的友谊，除非你用心对待他人。 考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；because因为；although虽然。根据语境，这里表示条件，“除非用心对待他人，否则得不到真正友谊”。故选B。 2．（2025·安徽宿州·一模）—Labor education is important for students. —I agree. ________ schools put it into practice, students will be more independent and helpful. A．Because B．Until C．If D．Though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——劳动教育对学生很重要。——我同意。如果学校将其付诸实践，学生将更加独立和乐于助人。 考查连词辨析。Because因为；Until直到；If如果；Though尽管。根据“schools put it into practice, students will be more independent and helpful”可知，此处表示假设条件，意为“如果学校将其付诸实践”，故选C。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）________ you listen more than you speak, you will never truly understand others. A．As B．Since C．While D．Unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你听的比说的多，否则你永远不会真正理解别人。 考查从属连词辨析。As当……时、由于；Since自从；While与……同时；Unless除非。根据“you listen more than you speak”和“you will never truly understand others”和选项可知两句之间是否定的条件关系，表示“除非你听的比说的多，否则你永远不会真正理解别人”。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）—What we said today is just between us. —I won’t tell it to others ________ you say I can. A．if B．when C．unless D．while 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们今天说的仅限我们之间。——我不会告诉别人，除非你说我可以。 考查连词辨析。if如果；when当……时；unless除非；while当……时。分析“I won’t tell it to others ...you say I can.”可知，后句是前句的否定条件，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）It’s not too late to fix the problem ________ time is clearly getting short. A．as B．since C．unless D．although 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然时间明显很紧了，但是解决问题还不太晚。 考查连词辨析。as因为，由于，当……时候；since自从……以来，既然；unless除非，如果不；although虽然，尽管。根据句意“It’s not too late to fix the problem…time is clearly getting short”可知，前后两个句子之间存在转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。 6．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Why did you cancel the club activities last Wednesday afternoon? —Because we just began to take exercise ________ there was a heavy rain. A．unless B．though C．while D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么在上周三下午取消俱乐部活动？——因为我们刚开始锻炼，就下起了大雨。 考查连词用法。unless除非；though虽然；while当……时，常强调前后两个动作正在进行；when当……时。根据“began to take exercise”和“there was a heavy rain.”可知，两个动作(开始锻炼和下雨) 在时间上紧密相连，强调后者突然发生，需when表示“正在这时突然……”。故选D。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Why did Mrs. Lane speak in such a loud voice? —Because the students at the back of the classroom couldn’t hear her ________ she raised her voice. A．if B．when C．though D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么莱恩老师说话声音这么大？——因为如果她不提高声音，教室后面的学生就听不见她。 考查从属连词辨析。if如果；when当……时候；though虽然；unless除非。分析句子可知，“she raised her voice”是“the students at the back of the classroom couldn’t hear her”的否定条件，应用unless引导条件状语从句，故选D。 8．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）________ everyone is here, let’s start our English lesson. Now turn to Page 22. A．Before B．Whether C．Unless D．Since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：既然大家都到了，让我们开始英语课吧。现在翻到第22页。 考查连词辨析。Before在……以前；Whether是否；Unless除非；Since既然。根据“…everyone is here, let’s start our English lesson.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处表示原因，用since引导原因状语从句。故选D。 9．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）Many people believe we will face serious problems ________ we take action to change the way we live. A．but B．though C．unless D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：很多人认为我们将面临严峻的问题，除非我们采取行动改变我们的生活方式。 考查连词辨析。but但是，表示转折关系；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；if是否，引导宾语从句。分析前后句关系“Many people believe we will face serious problems… we take action to change the way we live.”可知，后句是前句的否定条件，所以用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 10．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）_________ you may feel tired, you will enjoy the beautiful view at the top of the mountain. A．Since B．Unless C．Though D．Because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然你可能会感到累，但你会在山顶欣赏到美丽的景色。 考查连词辨析。since自从；unless除非；though尽管；because因为。根据“you may feel tired, you will enjoy the beautiful view at the top of the mountain.”可知，前句和后句是让步关系，应用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。 11．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）You two won’t take the lead ________ you work hard together. A．since B．unless C．if D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你们俩不会取得领先地位，除非你们一起努力工作。 考查连词辨析。since既然；unless除非；if如果；when当……时。根据“you work hard together.”可知，此处指除非一起努力，否则不会取得领先地位。故选B。 12．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A．If B．Because C．Although D．Unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。 考查连词词义辨析。If如果，引导条件状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句；Although尽管，引导让步状语从句；Unless除非，引导条件状语从句。由句中“birds use their feathers for flight”与“some of their feathers are for other”存在让步关系可知，使用“Although”能够准确表达这种关系，符合语境。故选C。 13．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）He is ______ confident ______ he is sure to win this game. A．too; to B．such a; that C．so; that D．such; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他如此自信以至于他确定能赢得这场比赛。 考查词组用法。too... to...“太……而不能……”，to后接动词原形；such a+可数名词单数+that...“如此一个……以至于……”；so+形容词/副词+that...“如此……以至于……”；such+名词+that...“如此……以至于……”。confident“自信的”是形容词，“so confident that he is sure to win this game”符合“so...that...”结构的用法。故选C。 14．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）Lucy held her head up like a queen ________ Bill was telling his tale. A．him B．before C．while D．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当比尔讲故事的时候，露茜像女王一样昂起了头。 考查连词辨析。him他，he的宾格；before 在……之前；while 当……的时候；until 直到……。根据句意和逻辑关系可知，这里应该为while引导的时间状语从句，表示“当Bill讲故事的时候”。故选C。 15．（2025·江苏南通·一模）________ it rains tomorrow, we will have the party indoors. A．If B．When C．Because D．While 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，我们将在室内举行聚会。 考查连词辨析。If如果；When当……时；Because因为；While然而。根据“it rains tomorrow, we will have the party indoors.”可知，此处应用if引导条件状语从句，表示如果下雨，就在室内举行聚会。故选A。 16．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Draw a line ________ you can pay attention to this word when you review the lessons. A．so that B．because of C．even though D．as if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：画一条线，以便你在复习时可以注意到这个词。 考查连词辨析。so that以便；because of因为；even though尽管；as if好像。根据“Draw a line ... you can pay attention to this word when you review the lessons.”可知空后是画线的目的，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。 17．（24-25九年级·安徽芜湖·自主招生）—Will you go to Sandy’s birthday party? —I’m not sure. I won’t go there unless ________. A．I will be invited B．I’m invited C．I was invited D．I have been invited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你会去参加桑迪的生日聚会吗？——我不确定。除非被邀请，否则我不会去那里。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“I won’t go there unless”可知，unless引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，且主语I和动词invite之间为被动关系，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 18．（24-25九年级下·江苏南通·开学考试）—Bungee-jumping (蹦极) is such an exciting game. —Yes, but it’s dangerous ________ you are trained. A．unless B．if C．since D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——蹦极是一项令人兴奋的运动。——是的，但是很危险，除非你受过训练。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；since自从；until直到。根据“but it’s dangerous...you are trained”可知，除非经过训练，否则蹦极很危险，unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。 19．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Mike, how about going to visit Mi Fu Calligraphy Park this weekend? —OK, ________ it rains heavily. A．if B．when C．until D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Mike，这个周末去参观米芾书法公园怎么样？——好的，除非下大雨。 考查连词辨析。if如果；when当……时；until直到；unless除非。根据“it rains heavily”可知，此处应用unless引导条件状语从句，表示除非下大雨，否则就去参观米芾书法公园。故选D。 20．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你太累了，无法完成待办事项清单上的所有事情，试着列一张勿做事项清单。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Although尽管；Unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指如果完成待办事项清单上的所有事情感到很累，可以列一张“勿做”清单，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 21．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）You won’t feel happy at school ______ you get on well with your classmates. A．though B．if C．when D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你和同学相处得好，否则你在学校不会感到快乐。 考查连词辨析。though虽然；if如果；when当；unless除非。分析两句可知，后句是前句的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语。宾语从句主要考察引导词，语序和时态。 一．宾语从句的引导词 1.宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，无词义，在从句中不能充当成分，可省略。 He said (that) he could finish his work before supper. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. I think (that) he is the best actor in America. 2.宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if/whether, 常用于wonder；want to know；I’m not sure；I don't know 之后 I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. I want to know if/whether she is right. Mary asked me if/whether I needed any help. I wonder if/whether you can help me. 注意：①从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether. Sorry, I don’t know whether she will come or not. ②在介词后时,只能用whether His father is worried about whether he gets on well with his classmates. ③后接动词不定式时，用whether； I can't decide whether to stay. 3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词（缺什么补什么）。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy. Could you tell me where Tom has gone? I want to know when you can finish the work. 【注意】特殊疑问词+宾语从句 可以转化成 特殊疑问词+to do 1. Could you please tell me how I can get to the bookstore? =Could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore? 2.She has decided where she will hide. =She has decided where to hide. 3.I don't know how I should do it. =I don't know how to do it. 二．宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在时，那么宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况选择。(主现从随便） The boy believes that he will travel abroad by himself in the future. The boy believes that math is more difficult than English. The boy knows that his desk mate has been ill for three days. 2. 如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时）(主过从随过） My mother told me that Dad wasn't at home. She said she was reading a storybook at seven yesterday. 3.如果宾语从句是客观真理、自然现象或谚语等，无论句是什么时态，宾语从句仍用一般现在时。(客观真理永一现） Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. We knew that the sun is bigger than the earth. 三．宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他，或者连接词 (充当主语) +谓语+其他 I want to know what his name is. She wonders who sent the flowers. 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Lucy, the film Nezha 2 is very hot now. What about watching it with me this weekend? —Good idea. Could you tell me ________? A．how do you want to go B．that what time you want to go C．who else will go with us D．which cinema you wanted to go to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——露西，电影《哪吒2》现在很火。这个周末和我一起看怎么样？——好主意。你能告诉我还有谁和我们一起去吗？ 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，可排除A项；选项B中同时使用“that”和“what”导致结构错误，可排除；根据“this weekend”可知，此处表示将来的事情，D项时态错误。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Excuse me sir, I am wondering ________. —Of course. And you can renew it then. A．if I can keep this book for a week B．if can I keep this book for a week C．if I can borrow this book for a week D．if can I borrow this book for a week 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，先生，我想知道我是否可以借这本书一周。——当然可以。而且你到时候可以续借。 考查宾语从句的语序和动词辨析。if引导的宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排除BD选项；根据“for a week”可知，是持续性动作，keep表示“保留”，符合语境。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）— Do you know that Simon bought a robot dog yesterday? — Yes! It is said a robot dog can do many things. I wonder ________. A．whether can the robot dog climb a hill B．how long will the robot dog’s batteries last for C．what does the robot dog look like D．if the robot dog can avoid danger 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道西蒙昨天买了一只机器狗吗？——是的！据说机器狗能做很多事情。我想知道是否机器狗能避开危险。 考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），排除ABC，D项“if the robot dog can avoid danger”符合陈述语序且语义通顺。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Could you tell me ________ about the attractions in Wuxi? —I think crtt.wuxi.gov.cn will help. A．what information I can find B．how can I find the information C．where I can find the information D．that I can find the information 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里可以找到无锡景点的信息吗？——我认为crtt.wuxi.gov.cn会有所帮助。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B选项，结合“Could you tell me”可知，从句应是一个问题，不能用that引导，排除D选项，结合回答“I think crtt.wuxi.gov.cn will help.”可知，此处指的是在哪里能找到信息，应用where引导从句，故选C。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Ms. Cai seems familiar with Huocheng in Xinjiang. —So she does. She was a volunteer teacher there. Can you guess ________? A．how long she has been there B．how long she was there C．how long has she been there D．how long was she there 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蔡女士似乎对新疆的霍城很熟悉。——确实如此。她曾在那里当志愿教师。你能猜出她在那里待了多久吗？ 考查宾语从句的语序。空格处为宾语从句，需用陈述语序，选项C和D为疑问语序，所以排除。根据“She was a volunteer teacher there”，可知她过去在新疆支教，现在已离开，因此，询问她“待了多久”需用过去时(how long she was there)，故选B。 6．（24-25九年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）—Could you tell me ________? —In five minutes. A．how soon will the film begin B．how soon the film will begin C．how long the film has been on D．how long has the film begun 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我电影多久开始吗？——五分钟后。 考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。在宾语从句中应使用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”。选项A和D使用了疑问句语序，不符合语法规则；选项C询问的是电影已经播放了多久，与回答“五分钟后”不符。根据“In five minutes.”可知，此处询问的是电影多久之后开始，故选B。 7．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）—Lucy, the film Nezha 2 is very hot now. Would you like to watch it with me this weekend? —Good idea. Could you tell me ________? A．how do you want to go B．what time do you want to go C．who else will go with us D．which cinema do you want to go to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——露西，电影《哪吒2》现在很火。这个周末你愿意和我一起看吗？——好主意。你能告诉我还有谁和我们一起去吗？ 考查宾语从句。how do you want to go你想怎么走；what time do you want to go你想什么时候去；who else will go with us还有谁和我们一起去；which cinema do you want to go to你想去哪家电影院。根据“Could you tell me …?”可知，此处应是宾语从句，选项ABD均为疑问句语序，只有选项C为陈述句语序。故选C。 8．（2025·江苏常州·一模）—The 9th Asian Winter Games opened in Harbin, making the city the center of attention for China’s winter tourists once again. —I wonder ________. A．that the traffic was heavy there B．if it was a big success or not C．how many medals China achieved D．when did the event begin 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——第九届亚洲冬季运动会在哈尔滨开幕，使这座城市再次成为中国冬季游客的关注中心。——我想知道中国获得了多少奖牌。 考查宾语从句。that the traffic was heavy there那里的交通很拥挤；if it was a big success or not表述错误；how many medals China achieved中国获得了多少奖牌；when did the event begin活动什么时候开始的，疑问语序。根据“I wonder”可知，后面为宾语从句，语序为陈述语序，应想知道关于冬季运动会的情况。故选C。 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—I’m still wondering ________ . —The answer is “Yes”. It was added on December 4, 2024． A．when did the UNESCO add the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH B．when the Spring Festival was added into the list of the ICHH by the UNESCO C．whether has the UNESCO added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH D．whether the UNESCO has added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我仍然想知道联合国教科文组织是否已将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。——答案是“是的”，它是在2024年12月4日被添加的。 考查宾语从句。when did the UNESCO add the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH联合国教科文组织什么时候将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录；when the Spring Festival was added into the list of the ICHH by the UNESCO春节是什么时候被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产名录的；whether has the UNESCO added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH联合国教科文组织是否已将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录；whether the UNESCO has added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH联合国教科文组织是否已将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。根据句子结构可知，考查宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，主语要在谓语之间，所以排除A和C，答句是肯定的，可知是想问春节是否被列入了非物质文化遗产名录，故选D。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Could you tell me ________? —Without the teacher’s help, it was impossible for me to get the prize. A．how you won the competition so smoothly B．when did you begin to prepare for the competition C．if you’ve ever had confidence in winning the competition D．why could you win the competition so easily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何顺利赢得这场比赛的吗？——没有老师的帮助，对我来说是不可能赢得这个奖的。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句中从句应用陈述语序（主语＋谓语）。选项B和选项D语序为疑问语序（助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语）因此排除B、D选项；根据回答句“Without the teacher’s help...get the prize.”没有老师的帮助，对我来说是不可能赢得这个奖的，是在解释获奖的原因或者方式，因此排除选项C。故选A。 11．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—I’m going to study abroad, but I’m really nervous. I have no idea ______. —Take it easy. You can start by making a list of things to prepare. A．how can I get ready for it B．what I should do first C．that I need to take some courses in advance D．if the language barrier was a big problem 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我打算出国留学，但我真的很紧张。我不知道我首先应该做什么。  ——放轻松。你可以从列一个要准备的事情的清单开始。 考查宾语从句。how can I get ready for it我怎样才能准备好它呢，是疑问句语序，不符合宾语从句需用陈述句语序的要求；what I should do first我首先应该做什么，符合语境，且是陈述句语序；that I need to take some courses in advance我需要提前上一些课程，不符合语境；if the language barrier was a big problem语言障碍是否是个大问题，时态为一般过去时，而前面句子语境是一般现在时，时态不一致。根据语境及“start by...”可知，表达“不知道首先该做什么”更合适。故选B。 12．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）—Lucy, could you tell me ________ this weekend? —I will climb Huaguo Mountain with my parents. A． when will you go B．what will you do C．when you will go D．what you will do 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——露西，你能告诉我这个周末你要做什么吗？——我将和我的父母一起爬花果山。 考查宾语从句。根据答句“I will climb Huaguo Mountain with my parents.”可知，空处询问“你要做什么”，需用what提问。空处根据“Lucy, could you tell me ... this weekend?”可知，此处引导宾语从句，需用陈述句语序。故选D。 13．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）— That old man looks weak these days. — Yes. We’re sure ________ something is wrong with him and we doubt ________ the disease can be cured. A．/; whether B．that; that C．whether; if D．if; whether 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 那位老人这些天看起来很虚弱。 —— 是的。我们确定他身体出了问题，并且我们怀疑他的病能否被治好。 考查宾语从句。that引导宾语从句无意义；whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”；if引导宾语从句表示“是否”。第一空，根据“We’re sure”可知，此处表示“我们很确定他身体出了问题”，引导词用that，或者省略不用；第二空，根据“we doubt”可知，此处表示“我们怀疑他的病能否被治好”，引导词用whether或者if均可。故选A。 14．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—Eric, can you explain ________? —Sorry, Mum. I was watching the football games on TV and I didn’t hear it. A．why everything in the living room is in such a mess B．why nobody answered the phone when I called you C．how you can start the television since it is broken D．how you can fix the slow-running computer yourself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Eric，你能解释一下我打电话给你时，为什么没有人接电话吗？——对不起，妈妈。我在看足球比赛，没听到。 考查宾语从句。根据答语“I was watching the football games and didn’t hear it.”可知，此处是问打电话时为什么没有人接电话，故选B。 15．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）—What did our teacher say just now? —He asked _________. A．when do we need any help B．whether we had any questions C．which question we can’t understand D．that we could finish homework on time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——刚才我们老师说什么了？——他问我们是否有问题。     考查宾语从句的用法。when do we need any help疑问语序；whether we had any questions我们是否有任何问题；which question we can’t understand我们无法理解哪个问题；that we could finish homework on time我们能按时完成作业。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除A选项；宾语从句遵循主过从过原则，可排除C选项；此处老师在询问，可排除D选项。故选B。 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 找出复合句中先行词、关系词 和定语从句 1.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2.This is the garden that they visited last time 3.This is the park that we visited last year. 4.The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。初中阶段只学关系代词，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语的成分。 定语从句的关系词 who/whom who/whom引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须指人。who在从句中作主语、宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。在从句中作介词的宾语时,只能用whom,即“介词+whom” This is the man who helped me. 这就是帮助过我的那个人。 That is the girl (whom/who) I have taught. 那就是我教过的女孩。 He is the boy with whom I went there. 他就是和我一起去那里的男孩。 who/ that 当先行词指人时,引导词用who或that均可。如果先行词是one、ones、anyone或those时,一般用who The man who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher. 正在弹钢琴的那个人是我的音乐老师。 that/ which 多数情况下,不管关系代词在从句中是作主语还是宾语,两者都可替换使用。当先行词是anything、everything、nothing等不定代词,或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that。如果关系代词作介词的宾语时,只能用which,不能用that This is the biggest ship that I've ever seen. 这是我见过的最大的轮船。 This is the room in which you will stay. 这是你将要住的房间。 where/ whose 关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。whose引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词既可以指人也可以指物,意为“某(些)人/物的……” This is the place where he was born. 这是他出生的地方。 Please show me the book whose cover is black.请把封面是黑色的那本书给我看看。 关系词的作用： ①引导定语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分 例句： The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。（who/that作主语） Mr. Liu is the person(who/whom/that) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。（whom/that作宾语） This is the pen(which/that) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（which/that作宾语） He is the man whose car was stolen last week. （先行词是人，whose作定语） 注意： ①只用that不用which的情况 先行词是 all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none, nothing 等不定代词时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ He did everything that could help us. 先行词有the only,the same,the very 修饰时 This is the same bike that I lost. Cheating was the only thing that interested her most. 先行词既有人又有物时 I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. ②只用which不用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中 She lost the game,which depressed her greatly. 她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。 Tokyo,which is the capital of Japan,sees great changes every day. 日本的首都东京每天都有巨大的变化。 介词后用which,不用that The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子已经变成了一家鞋店。 The pen with which you are writing is Jeff's. 你现在正用来写字的那支钢笔是杰夫的。 1．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．who B．which C．where D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我会记住那些在我生命中帮助和支持过我的重要的人。 考查定语从句。who用于指代人，作主语或宾语；which指代物，作主语或宾语；where指代地点，作状语；what什么，不引导定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是people，所以应用指代人的关系代词who，故选A。 2．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）Friends are those ________ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams. A．whose B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：朋友是那些使你开心，总是向你敞开心扉并鼓励你实现梦想的人。 考查定语从句的关系词。whose表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语，通常用于指代人或物的所属关系；which作为关系代词，用于引导定语从句，通常指代物；who作为关系代词，用于引导定语从句，指代人，且在从句中可作主语；whom作为关系代词，也用于引导定语从句，指代人，但仅在从句中作宾语。根据题干可知，本句的先行词是those，指代人，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此应该用who。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Ian, what are you watching with tears in your eyes? —A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ has devoted her life to girls’ education. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——伊恩，你眼里含着泪在看什么？  ——一个关于张桂梅毕生致力于女子教育事业的短视频。 考查定语从句。四个选项均可引导定语从句。who修饰的先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whom修饰的先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；whose修饰的先行词为人或物，表示所属关系，在从句中作定语；which修饰的先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处先行词“Zhang Guimei”表示人，且引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 4．（2025·甘肃定西·一模）The movie Ne Zha ________ has a unique plot and vivid characters, has won the love of a large number of audiences both at home and abroad. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒》情节独特，人物形象鲜明生动，赢得了国内外众多观众的喜爱。 考查关系代词。which可引导定语从句，修饰物，在从句中可作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句时，修饰人，在从句中作主语；where是关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语；whom引导定语从句时，修饰人，在从句中作宾语。根据“The movie Ne Zha…both at home and abroad”可知，本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是“The movie Ne Zha”，指物，从句缺主语，用which引导从句。故选A。 5．（24-25九年级下·江苏徐州·开学考试）Mr. Zhao is the man ________ teaches ________ math. A．who; our B．that; us C．whom; our D．whom; us 【答案】B 【详解】句意：赵老师是教我们数学的人。 考查定语从句和代词辨析。who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；us我们，人称代词宾格；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，句中含有定语从句，先行词“the man”指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，排除C和D；根据“teaches...math”可知，teach后接人称代词宾格作宾语，排除A。故选B。 6．（24-25九年级·上海杨浦·自主招生）A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand? ” A．that B．which C．where D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一个手还在流血的男人匆匆走进来问道:“附近有医院吗？我的手受伤了，能不能弄到药？” 考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，前面不可以加介词；which引导定语从句时，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语，前面可跟介词；where引导定语从句时，先行词为地点，在从句中作状语；who引导定语从句时，先行词为人，在从句中作主语。此句先行词为“a hospital”，表示地点，“around”在此处为副词，此处应是说附近有没有医院，要在医院里治疗，先行词在句中作状语。故选C。 7．（23-24九年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Who donated the money to the family? —Mr Fang.  He is a volunteer doctor ________ gives a helping hand to others. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁把钱捐给了这个家庭？——方先生。他是一名志愿医生，乐于助人。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a volunteer doctor，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 8．（2023·四川广元·二模）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．that B．when C．who D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的音乐？——我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。 考查定语从句。that先行词为人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when修饰表示时间的先行词，且在定语从句中作时间状语；who先行词为人；where修饰表示地点的先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语。根据先行词“music”为物可知，此时定语从句的引导词要用that，在从句中作宾语。故选A。 9．（2023·江苏泰州·一模）China is ________ the US’ action on TikTok. “A lot of risks ________ are pointed out are not true at all.” said Chew（周受资）, the CFO of ByteDance. A．against; that B．for; which C．against; who D．for; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：中国反对美国对TikTok的行动。“许多被指出的风险根本不是真的。”字节跳动首席财务官周受资说。 考查介词辨析以及定语从句。against反对；for为了。根据“China is…the US’ action on TikTok”可知，中国在反对美国对TikTok的行动，所以第一空填against。第二空所在句子是定语从句，先行词risks是指物，在从句中作主语，用关系词that，故选A。 语法填空 1.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ye Shengtao was a famous Chinese writer. He created the first collection of fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrow（《稻草人》） for Chinese children between 1921 and 1922. Ye was born in 1894 in Jiangsu. He once worked 1 a teacher in a primary school. He often told his students stories from Chinese and foreign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） to those stories. In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） to write fairy tales for a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Boat in winter of 4 same year. In the following seven months, Ye wrote 22 5 （many） fairy tales than before. And they made up The Scarecrow we see today. There are two kinds of stories in the collection. The 6 （one） kind is about children’s innocent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Boat. People’s hard life like The Scarecrow 7 （describe） in the second kind of his stories. In the story, the scarecrow often sees poor people’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable to stop them from happening or give people a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children to care about what happened around 9 （they）. And he hoped children could understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the collection. Good works can always stand the test of time. Nowadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still popular with children. 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了叶圣陶和他创作的童话集《稻草人》的背景、内容和影响。 [答案]1．as2．to listen3．began4．the5．more6．first7．is described8．but9．them10．sadness [解析] 1．考查介词。由语境可知，此处指他曾经在一所小学当老师。 work as从事……工作，故填as。 2．考查动词不定式。be happy to do sth.很高兴去做某事。故填to listen。 3．考查时态。根据In 1921可知，此处需用一般过去时，故填began。 4．考查定冠词。此处特指同一年，故填the。 5．考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than before可知，此处需用比较级。many的比较级为more。故填more。 6．考查序数词。由语境和空前的The可知，此处表示第一种故事。故填first。 7．考查被动语态。People’s hard life与describe之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。此处介绍一般事实，用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故填is described。 8．考查连词。空前提到稻草人经常看到穷人生活中的困难，空后提到它无法阻止这些事情的发生，也无法帮助人们。空前后为转折关系，故填but。 9．考查代词。空处位于介词around 后，故用代词宾格，故填them。 10．考查名词。空处位于名词所有格adults’后，需用sad的名词形式sadness，这里表示“悲伤”，为不可数名词,故填sadness。 2.（2024吉林长春） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Westwood National Park is a very huge national park. It is well known 1 its fascinating scenes and many kinds of animals, especially bears. It is one of my favorite 2 （place） to take photos. I will never forget that afternoon. Birds flew over the 3 （peace） lake. The mountains 4 （cover） with white snow. With the camera held to my eye, I was recording the amazing picture. All of a sudden, I found two baby bears far away running after each other 5 （happy）. Sometimes they stopped to look around; sometimes one rubbed（蹭） against the other’s back. They had a lot of fun playing in 6 sun. At that moment, I completely lost myself in the sweet environment. How I wished that time could stand still! I really hoped 7 （catch） the warm scene with my camera and I did it. After a while, I 8 （hear） a loud roar（吼叫） from the mother bear. The two baby bears stood up quickly 9 ran back to the forest. I was so lucky that I could take such a picture. The photo always reminds 10 （I） that the real beauty is “nature” in nature. 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一个大型国家公园拍照的经历。 [答案]1．for2．places3．peaceful4．were covered5．happily6．the7．to catch8．heard9．and10．me [解析] 1．考查固定搭配。固定短语be known for意为“因……而著名”。故填for。 2．考查名词复数。place为可数名词，由前面的one of可知，此处应该用名词复数形式。故填places。 3．考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词lake，应用形容词。故填peaceful。 4．考查动词的时态和被动语态。分析句子可知，句子的主语The mountains是动词cover的承受者，构成被动关系，应用被动语态；由前句的谓语动词flew可知，事情发生在过去，时态为一般过去时；一般过去时的被动语态构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语The mountains是复数，所以用were，故填were covered。be covered with意为“被……覆盖”。 5．考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词短语running after，应用副词。故填happily。 6．考查冠词。太阳是世界上独一无二的事物，前应加定冠词the。故填the。 7．考查动词不定式。hope to do sth.意思是“希望做某事”；此处指希望能用相机捕捉到那温馨的场景。故填 to catch。 8．考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填heard。 9．考查并列连词。设空处前后两个动词短语stood up和ran back是递进关系。应用表示递进关系的并列连词and连接。故填and。 10．考查人称代词。所给提示词是人称代词，位于动词reminds之后作宾语，应用I的宾格形式me。故填me。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04.简单句、并列句、复合句精讲 简单句 1、陈述句 说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much. 2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends 3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句 ①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane. ②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday. 4）陈述句改一般疑问句 ①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane? ②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday? 2、疑问句 用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。 1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t. —Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t. 2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car. 3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。 —Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please. 4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。 —It’s a fine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is. 3、祈使句 表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。 1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。 ①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. ②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again. 2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 4、感叹句 1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! 2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词 How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is! 5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。 1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There is some milk in the fridge. There are some peaches in the basket. 2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case. There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case. 3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物； have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books. 6、倒装句 So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语． 前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也 如此。” 前面陈述的否定情况也 适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结 构。 例如： He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球，我也喜欢。 Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim． 凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。 注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的 看法，表示“的确如此。” “是呀。” 例如： 一 Basketball is very popular game in America． 篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。 一 So it is．的确如此。 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Look! It’s snowing ________ outside. You’d better ________ out. A．heavily; go B．heavy; to go C．heavy; don’t go D．heavily; not go 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—________ do you change the battery of your robot? —Every two months. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How many 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—________ is it from here to your home? — About 20 minutes by car. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How much 4．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）— _______ didn’t Helen attend the party yesterday evening? —She was racing against the time to finish a report on her project. A．What B．How C．Why D．When 5．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Do you know why zebrafish are ________ to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．take; stages B．to take; passages C．taking; messages D．taken; advantages 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—________ is it from our school to Siyang High-speed Railway Station? —I have no idea. Perhaps a few miles away. A．How far B．How soon C．How often D．How long 7．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—He didn’t win the dash, did he?   —________, though he tried to run as fast as he could. A．Yes, he didn’t B．Yes, he did C．No, he did D．No, he didn’t 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Simply ________ the form and return it to me, and I shall personally keep the hotel room for you. A．completed B．to complete C．completing D．complete 9．（2017·江苏南京·中考真题）—Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is? —Just ________ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．keeps 10．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）________ that the astronauts of Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship entered China’s space station early on April 26, 2024. A．What a success B．What success C．How a success D．How success 11．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—________ exciting news report the young reporter wrote! —Yes, it’s about the 9th Asian Winter Games held in Harbin from Feb 7th to 14th, 2025． A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 12．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—_______ beautiful flowers we enjoyed at the Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival! —Yes, I couldn’t stop taking photos there. A．How a B．How C．What a D．What 13．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）________ fun it is to have a bowl of ice cream on such a hot day! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 14．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—________ lovely soft toy it is! —Yes. It’s name is Si Shengsheng, and it is the mascot of the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 15．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—I’ll do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors? —Why ________? Susan is sitting there doing nothing. A．I B．me C．she D．her 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙). A．standing B．to stand C．stand D．stands 17．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）—We are not allowed to bring any snacks at the sports meeting. —________. A．So do we B．Neither do we C．So are we D．Neither are we 18．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）— I don’t like to get up late every morning. — ______. I think taking exercise in the morning is good for our health. A．So do I B．So I do C．Neither do I D．Neither I do 19．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—________ the years go by, I still remember the games we played when we were school boys. —________. They were very interesting at that time. A． Though; Neither do I B．As; So do I C．While; Me too D．Since; Me neither 20．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 21．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there? A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be 22．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A．is B．are C．have D．were 23．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Nearly ________ of the task ________ completed by us. We worked closely. A．three-fifth; was B．three-fifths; was C．third-fifths; were D．third-fifth; were 24．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—Does this rabbit ________ a big ear? —No, it doesn’t. But it ________ a big nose. A．has; has B．has; have C．have; has D．have; have 25．（2023·江苏扬州·三模）The number of people at the concert was ________ than expected. There were many tickets left. A．many more B．much more C．much larger D．much smaller 并列句 1.并列连词的分类：按照其在句中的作用可分为表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。 ①表示并列关系的连词：and, both...and...(既...又...), not only..but also..(不但...而且...), neither...nor...(既不...也不...)等。 ②表示转折关系的连词：but, yet(而), while(然而)，however等。 ③表示选择关系的连词：or, either...or...(或者...或者.../不是...就是...)等 ④表示因果关系的连词：for, so，therefore等。 2.常考的四个连词： 连词 主要用法 例句 and 表并列，连接词、短语或句子 Lily and Kate are good students. They sang and danced at the party last night. Be careful and you will make fewer mistakes. ①“和，又”，变为否定句时，用or ②“那么”，祈使句+and+陈述句 or 表选择，连接词、短语或句子 She can't sing and dance. Which season do you like better,spring or summer? Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ①“和”，用于否定句中 ②“或者”，用于选择疑问句中，不用yes/no回答 ③“否则”，祈使句+or+陈述句 but “但是;然而”,表示转折关系,连接意思相反的词、短语或句子，不与although/though连用 I like English, but I don't like math. He is young but very experienced. so “因此;所以”,表示因果关系,连接两个句子，不与because连用 Monkeys are very clever, so we like them. 3.常考的连词短语 neither...nor... 既不……也不……;两者都不…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” either...or... ……或者……;要么……要么…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… 连接两个主语时,句中谓语动词采用“就近原则” both...and... 两者都…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 as well as 而且,还,又 连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 例：Neither she nor I like playing basketball. Either you or I am right. He plays not only basketball but also football. Not only she but also I am a student. Both you and I are students. 1．（2025·甘肃临夏·一模）AI helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t lose our own creativity. A．until B．but C．because D．unless 2．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it. —You may ask Li Ming for help. He cooks nice food. A．as B．so C．but D．or 3．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）Many people are aware of pollution, ________ they often don’t take action to reduce it. A．but B．and C．so D．or 4．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）My glasses fell to the ground and broke into pieces, ________ I have to buy a new pair. A．or B．but C．so D．for 5．（2025·北京延庆·模拟预测）—Would you like more jiaozi, Linda? —No, thanks. They are delicious ________ I’m full. A．or B．for C．and D．but 6．（2021·湖北荆州·一模）—I hear ________ your grandpa ________ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in our city. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 7．（2024·江苏淮安·三模）—Which do you like better, rock music or folk music? —Rock, of course. It’s rather exciting. ________ I ________ my brother likes it. A．Not only; but B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Either; or 8．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I’m interested in ________ the comedy ________ the documentary. I enjoy cartoons. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 状语从句 引导 名词性从句 That ①只起连接作用，不做句子成分②在句中没有实际意义 ③在宾语从句中通常可以省略 The girl feels that the weather is cold. if/whether ①表示“是否” ②不做句子成分 He asked me if/whether I knew Mike. I wonder whether he will come or not. 引导 状语从句 时间状语从句 （主将从现、 主过从过） when/while/as当...时候 I was sleeping when she came in. I was sleeping while she was running. I will tell her the news when she comes to see me next week. after在...之后 I went to bed after I finished my homework. before在...之前 I finished my homework before I went to bed. as soon as一...就... I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. until直到...为止 I won’t go home until ten o’clock. (not...until) since自...以来 I have had it since I was ten years old. ha 地点状语从句 where Where there is a will,there is a way. Wherever you go,home is the best. wherever 原因状语从句 Because/as/since I was late for school this morning because I stayed up late last night. 比较状语从句 than比 I’m taller than you. as...as...与...一样 I am as tall as you. not as/so...as...不如 English is not as/so difficult as Math. 让步状语从句 although/though/while/even if/even though Although/Though/Even if/Even though he has a cold,he still goes to school. 条件状语从句 （主将从现、 主情从现、 主祈从现） if如果 We will stay at home tomorrow if it is rainy. unless除非 You will fail unless you work hard. as/so long as只要 You will get good grades as long as you study hard. 方式状语从句 as像/与...一样 We did as he told us. as if/as though好像 It seems as if it is going to rain. 目的状语从句 in order to/that目的是.../为了... I saved my money in order to buy a bike. I saved my money in order that I can buy a bike. I saved my money so that I can buy a bike. so that/so以便 结果状语从句 so/such...that...如此...以致于... It was so cold that we don’t want to go outside. It was such a cold day that we don’t want to go outside. 1．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）You won’t get true friendship ________ you treat others with your heart. A．if B．unless C．because D．although 2．（2025·安徽宿州·一模）—Labor education is important for students. —I agree. ________ schools put it into practice, students will be more independent and helpful. A．Because B．Until C．If D．Though 3．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）________ you listen more than you speak, you will never truly understand others. A．As B．Since C．While D．Unless 4．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）—What we said today is just between us. —I won’t tell it to others ________ you say I can. A．if B．when C．unless D．while 5．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）It’s not too late to fix the problem ________ time is clearly getting short. A．as B．since C．unless D．although 6．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Why did you cancel the club activities last Wednesday afternoon? —Because we just began to take exercise ________ there was a heavy rain. A．unless B．though C．while D．when 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Why did Mrs. Lane speak in such a loud voice? —Because the students at the back of the classroom couldn’t hear her ________ she raised her voice. A．if B．when C．though D．unless 8．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）________ everyone is here, let’s start our English lesson. Now turn to Page 22. A．Before B．Whether C．Unless D．Since 9．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）Many people believe we will face serious problems ________ we take action to change the way we live. A．but B．though C．unless D．if 10．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）_________ you may feel tired, you will enjoy the beautiful view at the top of the mountain. A．Since B．Unless C．Though D．Because 11．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）You two won’t take the lead ________ you work hard together. A．since B．unless C．if D．when 12．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. A．If B．Because C．Although D．Unless 13．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）He is ______ confident ______ he is sure to win this game. A．too; to B．such a; that C．so; that D．such; that 14．（2025·江苏盐城·一模）Lucy held her head up like a queen ________ Bill was telling his tale. A．him B．before C．while D．until 15．（2025·江苏南通·一模）________ it rains tomorrow, we will have the party indoors. A．If B．When C．Because D．While 16．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Draw a line ________ you can pay attention to this word when you review the lessons. A．so that B．because of C．even though D．as if 17．（24-25九年级·安徽芜湖·自主招生）—Will you go to Sandy’s birthday party? —I’m not sure. I won’t go there unless ________. A．I will be invited B．I’m invited C．I was invited D．I have been invited 18．（24-25九年级下·江苏南通·开学考试）—Bungee-jumping (蹦极) is such an exciting game. —Yes, but it’s dangerous ________ you are trained. A．unless B．if C．since D．until 19．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Mike, how about going to visit Mi Fu Calligraphy Park this weekend? —OK, ________ it rains heavily. A．if B．when C．until D．unless 20．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list. A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless 21．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）You won’t feel happy at school ______ you get on well with your classmates. A．though B．if C．when D．unless 宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语。宾语从句主要考察引导词，语序和时态。 一．宾语从句的引导词 1.宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，无词义，在从句中不能充当成分，可省略。 He said (that) he could finish his work before supper. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. I think (that) he is the best actor in America. 2.宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if/whether, 常用于wonder；want to know；I’m not sure；I don't know 之后 I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. I want to know if/whether she is right. Mary asked me if/whether I needed any help. I wonder if/whether you can help me. 注意：①从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether. Sorry, I don’t know whether she will come or not. ②在介词后时,只能用whether His father is worried about whether he gets on well with his classmates. ③后接动词不定式时，用whether； I can't decide whether to stay. 3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词（缺什么补什么）。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy. Could you tell me where Tom has gone? I want to know when you can finish the work. 【注意】特殊疑问词+宾语从句 可以转化成 特殊疑问词+to do 1. Could you please tell me how I can get to the bookstore? =Could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore? 2.She has decided where she will hide. =She has decided where to hide. 3.I don't know how I should do it. =I don't know how to do it. 二．宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在时，那么宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况选择。(主现从随便） The boy believes that he will travel abroad by himself in the future. The boy believes that math is more difficult than English. The boy knows that his desk mate has been ill for three days. 2. 如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时）(主过从随过） My mother told me that Dad wasn't at home. She said she was reading a storybook at seven yesterday. 3.如果宾语从句是客观真理、自然现象或谚语等，无论句是什么时态，宾语从句仍用一般现在时。(客观真理永一现） Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. We knew that the sun is bigger than the earth. 三．宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他，或者连接词 (充当主语) +谓语+其他 I want to know what his name is. She wonders who sent the flowers. 1．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Lucy, the film Nezha 2 is very hot now. What about watching it with me this weekend? —Good idea. Could you tell me ________? A．how do you want to go B．that what time you want to go C．who else will go with us D．which cinema you wanted to go to 2．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Excuse me sir, I am wondering ________. —Of course. And you can renew it then. A．if I can keep this book for a week B．if can I keep this book for a week C．if I can borrow this book for a week D．if can I borrow this book for a week 3．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）— Do you know that Simon bought a robot dog yesterday? — Yes! It is said a robot dog can do many things. I wonder ________. A．whether can the robot dog climb a hill B．how long will the robot dog’s batteries last for C．what does the robot dog look like D．if the robot dog can avoid danger 4．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Could you tell me ________ about the attractions in Wuxi? —I think crtt.wuxi.gov.cn will help. A．what information I can find B．how can I find the information C．where I can find the information D．that I can find the information 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）—Ms. Cai seems familiar with Huocheng in Xinjiang. —So she does. She was a volunteer teacher there. Can you guess ________? A．how long she has been there B．how long she was there C．how long has she been there D．how long was she there 6．（24-25九年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）—Could you tell me ________? —In five minutes. A．how soon will the film begin B．how soon the film will begin C．how long the film has been on D．how long has the film begun 7．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）—Lucy, the film Nezha 2 is very hot now. Would you like to watch it with me this weekend? —Good idea. Could you tell me ________? A．how do you want to go B．what time do you want to go C．who else will go with us D．which cinema do you want to go to 8．（2025·江苏常州·一模）—The 9th Asian Winter Games opened in Harbin, making the city the center of attention for China’s winter tourists once again. —I wonder ________. A．that the traffic was heavy there B．if it was a big success or not C．how many medals China achieved D．when did the event begin 9．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—I’m still wondering ________ . —The answer is “Yes”. It was added on December 4, 2024． A．when did the UNESCO add the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH B．when the Spring Festival was added into the list of the ICHH by the UNESCO C．whether has the UNESCO added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH D．whether the UNESCO has added the Spring Festival into the list of the ICHH 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Could you tell me ________? —Without the teacher’s help, it was impossible for me to get the prize. A．how you won the competition so smoothly B．when did you begin to prepare for the competition C．if you’ve ever had confidence in winning the competition D．why could you win the competition so easily 11．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—I’m going to study abroad, but I’m really nervous. I have no idea ______. —Take it easy. You can start by making a list of things to prepare. A．how can I get ready for it B．what I should do first C．that I need to take some courses in advance D．if the language barrier was a big problem 12．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）—Lucy, could you tell me ________ this weekend? —I will climb Huaguo Mountain with my parents. A． when will you go B．what will you do C．when you will go D．what you will do 13．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）— That old man looks weak these days. — Yes. We’re sure ________ something is wrong with him and we doubt ________ the disease can be cured. A．/; whether B．that; that C．whether; if D．if; whether 14．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—Eric, can you explain ________? —Sorry, Mum. I was watching the football games on TV and I didn’t hear it. A．why everything in the living room is in such a mess B．why nobody answered the phone when I called you C．how you can start the television since it is broken D．how you can fix the slow-running computer yourself 15．（2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）—What did our teacher say just now? —He asked _________. A．when do we need any help B．whether we had any questions C．which question we can’t understand D．that we could finish homework on time 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 找出复合句中先行词、关系词 和定语从句 1.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2.This is the garden that they visited last time 3.This is the park that we visited last year. 4.The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。初中阶段只学关系代词，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语的成分。 定语从句的关系词 who/whom who/whom引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须指人。who在从句中作主语、宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。在从句中作介词的宾语时,只能用whom,即“介词+whom” This is the man who helped me. 这就是帮助过我的那个人。 That is the girl (whom/who) I have taught. 那就是我教过的女孩。 He is the boy with whom I went there. 他就是和我一起去那里的男孩。 who/ that 当先行词指人时,引导词用who或that均可。如果先行词是one、ones、anyone或those时,一般用who The man who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher. 正在弹钢琴的那个人是我的音乐老师。 that/ which 多数情况下,不管关系代词在从句中是作主语还是宾语,两者都可替换使用。当先行词是anything、everything、nothing等不定代词,或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词既指人又指物时,只能用that。如果关系代词作介词的宾语时,只能用which,不能用that This is the biggest ship that I've ever seen. 这是我见过的最大的轮船。 This is the room in which you will stay. 这是你将要住的房间。 where/ whose 关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。whose引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词既可以指人也可以指物,意为“某(些)人/物的……” This is the place where he was born. 这是他出生的地方。 Please show me the book whose cover is black.请把封面是黑色的那本书给我看看。 关系词的作用： ①引导定语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分 例句： The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。（who/that作主语） Mr. Liu is the person(who/whom/that) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。（whom/that作宾语） This is the pen(which/that) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（which/that作宾语） He is the man whose car was stolen last week. （先行词是人，whose作定语） 注意： ①只用that不用which的情况 先行词是 all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,none, nothing 等不定代词时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ He did everything that could help us. 先行词有the only,the same,the very 修饰时 This is the same bike that I lost. Cheating was the only thing that interested her most. 先行词既有人又有物时 I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. ②只用which不用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中 She lost the game,which depressed her greatly. 她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。 Tokyo,which is the capital of Japan,sees great changes every day. 日本的首都东京每天都有巨大的变化。 介词后用which,不用that The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子已经变成了一家鞋店。 The pen with which you are writing is Jeff's. 你现在正用来写字的那支钢笔是杰夫的。 1．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me. A．who B．which C．where D．what 2．（2025·江苏连云港·一模）Friends are those ________ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams. A．whose B．which C．who D．whom 3．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Ian, what are you watching with tears in your eyes? —A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ has devoted her life to girls’ education. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 4．（2025·甘肃定西·一模）The movie Ne Zha ________ has a unique plot and vivid characters, has won the love of a large number of audiences both at home and abroad. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 5．（24-25九年级下·江苏徐州·开学考试）Mr. Zhao is the man ________ teaches ________ math. A．who; our B．that; us C．whom; our D．whom; us 6．（24-25九年级·上海杨浦·自主招生）A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand? ” A．that B．which C．where D．who 7．（23-24九年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Who donated the money to the family? —Mr Fang.  He is a volunteer doctor ________ gives a helping hand to others. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 8．（2023·四川广元·二模）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．that B．when C．who D．where 9．（2023·江苏泰州·一模）China is ________ the US’ action on TikTok. “A lot of risks ________ are pointed out are not true at all.” said Chew（周受资）, the CFO of ByteDance. A．against; that B．for; which C．against; who D．for; that 语法填空 1.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ye Shengtao was a famous Chinese writer. He created the first collection of fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrow（《稻草人》） for Chinese children between 1921 and 1922. Ye was born in 1894 in Jiangsu. He once worked 1 a teacher in a primary school. He often told his students stories from Chinese and foreign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） to those stories. In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） to write fairy tales for a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Boat in winter of 4 same year. In the following seven months, Ye wrote 22 5 （many） fairy tales than before. And they made up The Scarecrow we see today. There are two kinds of stories in the collection. The 6 （one） kind is about children’s innocent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Boat. People’s hard life like The Scarecrow 7 （describe） in the second kind of his stories. In the story, the scarecrow often sees poor people’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable to stop them from happening or give people a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children to care about what happened around 9 （they）. And he hoped children could understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the collection. Good works can always stand the test of time. Nowadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still popular with children. 2.（2024吉林长春） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Westwood National Park is a very huge national park. It is well known 1 its fascinating scenes and many kinds of animals, especially bears. It is one of my favorite 2 （place） to take photos. I will never forget that afternoon. Birds flew over the 3 （peace） lake. The mountains 4 （cover） with white snow. With the camera held to my eye, I was recording the amazing picture. All of a sudden, I found two baby bears far away running after each other 5 （happy）. Sometimes they stopped to look around; sometimes one rubbed（蹭） against the other’s back. They had a lot of fun playing in 6 sun. At that moment, I completely lost myself in the sweet environment. How I wished that time could stand still! I really hoped 7 （catch） the warm scene with my camera and I did it. After a while, I 8 （hear） a loud roar（吼叫） from the mother bear. The two baby bears stood up quickly 9 ran back to the forest. I was so lucky that I could take such a picture. The photo always reminds 10 （I） that the real beauty is “nature” in nature. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$