UNIT 9 Human Biology 培优提能练(六)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第三册教师用书（北师大版2019）

训练8　培优提能练(六)　[分值：85分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A Weight loss doesn’t happen just by turning down dessert.Here，three women share the biggest motivators in their weight-loss journeys and the simple changes they made to actually achieve their health goals. Alyssa Greene The stress of starting college and continuous late nights caused Alyssa Greene to develop an unhealthy relationship with her body.Though she exercised，she didn’t pay much attention to her diet and her overall health until she realized a change had to be made.Over the next 2.5 years，she self-educated about nutrition and learnt what and how much to eat to get the results she wanted. Today，Greene has lost 50 pounds and relies on self-discipline as her key motivator.“I do what I want for me，no one else，” she says.“For people who have a hard time making a lifestyle change because of family or friends or a significant other，it really boils down to discipline.” Tanisha Commodore For years，Tanisha Commodore left no stone unturned when it came to weight-loss strategies.After trying countless workout programmes and weight-loss diets，the desperate influencer began entertaining the idea of going to Mexico for weight-loss surgery when her friend happened to recommend a special diet.Over eight months，Commodore lost 80 pounds.“You didn’t put it on overnight，so don’t expect to lose it overnight，” she notes. Denita Elizabeth At one point，Denita Elizabeth weighed over 250 pounds and couldn’t remember what it felt like to be healthy.Having made up her mind to make a change，Elizabeth signed up for a SoulCycle membership.Today she’s lost 100 pounds.“Not only had my strength increased，but my whole body composition changed，” says Elizabeth.“Remember: you need to develop discipline and commitment for the moments when you don’t feel like it.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三位女性成功减重的关键动力，以及她们为实现健康目标所做的简单改变。 1．How did Greene lose weight? A．By working out. B．By changing eating habits. C．By enhancing motivation. D．By going to bed early. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Though she exercised...eat to get the results she wanted.”可知，格林是通过改变饮食习惯减肥的。故选B。 2．What does Commodore suggest people do? A．Try different strategies. B．Eat a strict diet. C．Be patient. D．Get gym membership. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘You didn’t put it on overnight，so don’t expect to lose it overnight，’ she notes.”可知，Commodore提醒人们不要指望一夜之间减肥，即建议人们要有耐心。故选C。 3．What do Greene and Elizabeth have in common? A．They are college students. B．They are disciplined. C．They are motivated by others. D．They have achieved their goals quickly. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Today，Greene has lost 50 pounds and relies on self-discipline as her key motivator.”以及最后一段中“Remember: you need to develop discipline and commitment for the moments when you don’t feel like it.”可知，二人的共同点是都拥有自制力。故选B。 B Alaska’s Mendenhall glacier(冰川) is about 20 minutes by car from Juneau，the state capital.It is one of the area’s most popular sites for tourists.But climate change has caused the ice to melt and the glacier to retreat(消退)．That means it is losing more snow and ice than it gains.Researchers say the Mendenhall glacier retreated about 800 metres between 2007 and 2021. Mendenhall pours down from rocky land between mountains and into a lake filled with icebergs.Special signs mark the glacier’s retreat，showing where the ice once stood.Experts estimate that by 2050，people will not be able to see the Mendenhall glacier from the visitor centre that was built for it.That is already the case at some other glacier visitor centres in Alaska. The melting glacier leads to questions for the Alaskan tourism industry.How can tourism leaders help protect the glaciers for visitors to enjoy? And should there be limits on the number of tourists to the area? Tourism is an important part of Juneau’s economy.About 1.6 million cruise ship(游轮) passengers are expected to stop in Juneau.On especially busy days,20,000 people arrive each day to a city that has only 30,000 full-time residents. Manoj Pillai is a cruise ship worker from India.He recently got off his ship and went to see the Mendenhall glacier.“The glacier is so beautiful now，” he said.But he wondered what it must have looked like 10 or 20 years ago and what it would look like in the following days. People have many reasons to want to visit Alaska，and all the visitors help the state’s economy.But in Juneau，tourism officials are questioning whether the city and surrounding areas can deal with so many visitors each year.City leaders and major cruise lines have agreed to a daily five-ship limit for next year.But critics worry that may not do much to reduce tourist numbers because the ships themselves keep getting bigger.Some Juneau residents say they would like one day a week without ships. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿拉斯加的门登霍尔冰川是当地最受游客欢迎的景点之一。但气候变化导致冰川融化，这给当地旅游带来新的挑战。 4．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The Mendenhall glacier. B．The special sign. C．The glacier’s retreat. D．The tourism industry. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句句意可知，游客中心是因门登霍尔冰川而建的，所以it指的是the Mendenhall glacier。故选A项。 5．What is Manoj Pillai’s attitude towards the future of the Mendenhall glacier? A．Confident. B．Annoyed. C．Concerned. D．Uninterested. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第五段“Manoj Pillai is a cruise ship worker from India.He recently got off his ship and went to see the Mendenhall glacier...But he wondered...and what it would look like in the following days.”可知，Manoj Pillai对于门登霍尔冰川未来会怎么样表示担忧。故选C项。 6．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph? A．New cruise ship routes will be added in the future. B．The large number of tourists has brought negative impacts. C．The local government attaches great importance to tourism safety. D．Alaska’s tourism has lost its appeal to tourists. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But in Juneau，tourism officials are questioning whether the city and surrounding areas can deal with so many visitors each year.”可知，旅游部门的官员们质疑这座城市和周边区域是否能够每年接待这么多游客。故可推断，游客太多带来了负面影响。故选B项。 7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Climate Change Creates Questions for Alaska’s Tourist Economy B．Residents in Juneau Are Anxiously Awaiting a Decision C．The Best Way to Visit Amazing Alaska Is by Taking a Cruise Ship D．The Glaciers Are Disappearing，Changing the Face of Alaska 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段前三句、第二段最后两句以及第三段可知，本文主要讲了气候气化导致阿拉斯加的门登霍尔冰川融化，这给阿拉斯加的旅游业带来了挑战。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane，half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash，killing you and everyone else on board.Would you still board? In 2022，over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk.Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 1 The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century，yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect，something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. 2 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate(操纵) and generate language，whether with words，sounds or images. In the beginning was the word. 3 From language emerges myth and law，goods and money，art and science，friendships and nations—even computer code.AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories，melodies，images，laws，policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence? 4 What happens when the same thing occurs in art，politics，and even religion? 5 We are surrounded by culture，experiencing reality through a cultural prism(棱镜)．Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends.What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence? The time to reckon with AI is before our politics，our economy and our daily life become dependent on it. A．Humans often don’t have direct access to reality. B．Language is the operating system of human culture. C．In games like chess，no human can hope to beat a computer. D．By gaining mastery of language，AI is seizing the master key to civilization. E．Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane. F．For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans. G．It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools. 1．答案　E 解析　第一段问到“人们愿意登上有10%坠机可能的飞机吗？”，由本段前文可知参与一项调查问卷的一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝。E项“Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。 2．答案　G 解析　根据下文“It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.(人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder，下文中these tools指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tools。故选G。 3．答案　B 解析　该段第一句提到语言对人类来说尤为重要。设空处下文说从语言中产生了神话和法律等所有与我们人类文明相关的东西，甚至包括计算机代码。人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统。由此可知，空处应提到“语言”，B项“Language is the operating system of human culture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。 4．答案　C 解析　由下文“What happens when the same thing occurs in art，politics，and even religion？(当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”可推知，设空处一定提到了the same thing所指代的具体事项。C项中的no human can hope to beat a computer就是下文的“the same thing”指代的内容。故选C。 5．答案　A 解析　空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的。因此A项“Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) My Papa Joe is 85 and has been faithfully married to my grandma for 60 years.But now his memory is 1 and he’s really starting to slow down. Yesterday，he asked me to take him to the 2 because he wanted to get out of the house.I was 3 he asked because he shouldn’t be driving by himself.It would also 4 grandma to have the 5 to herself for a while，not having to worry about grandpa for a few hours. I watched him，cane(拐杖) in hand，taking the tiniest 6 all around，searching through the shelves.I had no idea what he was 7 ；but，as I observed each item he put in the cart，I noticed a(n) 8 .They were some of my grandma’s 9 things. He got the type of soda she liked.He 10 picked out a bag of seedless grapes she had talked about several days ago.He even 11 her a small lemon pie！And then， 12 filled my eyes as I watched him hobble(蹒跚) over to the fresh 13 and pick her the bouquet(花束) that had the most purple，her favorite color. On our way home，he 14 we stop and grab a sandwich to take home for grandma’s lunch.May we all take a lesson from Papa Joe：Never stop 15 for our loved ones. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着记忆力不好的祖父去超市，却发现祖父在超市里选的都是祖母爱吃的东西，祖父的行为教会了作者：永远不要停止关心我们所爱的人。 1．A.changing B．slipping C．improving D．replacing 答案　B 解析　根据前文“My Papa Joe is 85”和后文“he’s really starting to slow down”可知，祖父的记忆力下降了，不得不慢下来。故选B。 2．A.bakery B．park C．supermarket D．restaurant 答案　C 解析　根据后文“I observed each item he put in the cart”可知，作者带祖父去了超市。故选C。 3．A.grateful B．nervous C．honored D．annoyed 答案　A 解析　根据后文“because he shouldn’t be driving by himself”可知，祖父不能开车，作者感激他问了自己，避免了发生危险。故选A。 4．A.require B．inspire C．benefit D．remind 答案　C 解析　根据后文“not having to worry about grandpa for a few hours”可知，祖父外出对祖母也有好处，因为她可以有几个小时不必担心他了。故选C。 5．A.kitchen B．garden C．neighborhood D．house 答案　D 解析　根据上文“he wanted to get out of the house”可知，祖父和作者外出了，祖母可以一个人在房子里待会儿。故选D。 6．A.glances B．steps C．tools D．goods 答案　B 解析　根据上文“I watched him，cane(拐杖) in hand，taking the tiniest”可知，祖父拿着拐杖，说明祖父腿脚不方便，所以走着最小的步子。故选B。 7．A.waiting for B．turning to C．attending to D．looking for 答案　D 解析　呼应上文“searching through the shelves”，此处指祖父在寻找东西，故选D。 8．A.theme B．truth C．sense D．idea 答案　A 解析　后文提到祖父拿的东西都是祖母喜爱的，所以是注意到了这些东西的一个共同主题，用theme。故选A。 9．A.everyday B．favorite C．specific D．valuable 答案　B 解析　根据后文“He got the type of soda she liked.”和“her favorite color”可知，祖父拿的都是祖母最喜欢的东西。故选B。 10．A.quickly B．randomly C．nervously D．carefully 答案　D 解析　根据前文“They were some of my grandma’s things.”和空后的“picked out”可知，祖父在给祖母买她喜欢吃的东西，所以是仔细挑选。故选D。 11．A.bought B．baked C．cooked D．wrapped 答案　A 解析　根据前文和后文“her a small lemon pie”可知，祖父在买东西，此处指的是为祖母买了一个柠檬派。故选A。 12．A.doubts B．tears C．surprises D．joys 答案　B 解析　根据后文“filled my eyes”可知，此处指作者被祖父的行为感动，热泪盈眶。故选B。 13．A.vegetables B．bread C．flowers D．seafood 答案　C 解析　根据后文“pick her the bouquet(花束) that had the most purple，her favorite color”可知，祖父为祖母挑选了鲜花。故选C。 14．A.insisted B．declared C．promised D．ordered 答案　A 解析　根据后文“we stop and grab a sandwich to take home for grandma’s lunch”可知，在回家的路上，祖父坚持停下来买个三明治带回家给祖母作为午餐。故选A。 15．A.standing B．answering C．thanking D．caring 答案　D 解析　根据后文“for our loved ones”再结合上文祖父的行为可知，永远不要停止关心我们所爱的人。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5 分，满分 15 分) Dongying City in China’s Shandong Province has witnessed ecological improvements in the Yellow River Delta，thanks to various 1. (effect) measures to improve wetland restoration and protection. Years ago，the wetlands there 2. (threaten) due to less water from the river and other factors.3. (protect) the wetlands ecosystem，the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve was established in 1992.Since then，the city 4. (carry) out several management projects and restored the biotic(生物) population in the zone. Dongying has been adopting a comprehensive wetlands restoration model by giving high priority to protecting the nature reserve and letting nature restore 5. (it) .Over the past three years，it’s transferred 469 million cubic meters of water to the nature reserve，which has recovered the ecological functions of the wetlands there. Last year，Dongying built a real-time monitoring network for bird species at the nature reserve，which ensures that birds are free from disturbance of human activity and 6. (put) the habitats of cranes and other species under key protection.As 7. result，the nature reserve has seen an obvious increase in the variety and number 8. bird species.Home to 371 bird species，it’s become an important stop，wintering ground and breeding place for migratory 9. (bird)．Dongying is currently working to build the Yellow River Estuary National Park,10. will cover 3,523 square kilometers，including land area and sea area，to explore pathways for the protection of Delta ecology. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。由于采取了各种有效措施，加强了湿地的恢复和保护，中国山东省东营市见证了黄河三角洲的生态改善，文章对此进行了详细介绍。 1．答案　effective 解析　考查形容词。此处应用形容词effective作定语，修饰名词measures。故填effective。 2．答案　were threatened 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“Years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词threaten意为“威胁”，和主语wetlands构成被动关系。主语为复数，be动词应用were。故填were threatened。 3．答案　To protect 解析　考查动词不定式。此处是指为了保护湿地生态系统，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。句首首字母应大写。故填To protect。 4．答案　has carried 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据Since then可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语city为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has carried。 5．答案　itself 解析　考查反身代词。此处宾语和逻辑主语nature指代相同，所以应用反身代词。故填itself。 6．答案　puts 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。这里是and连接定语从句中两个并列的谓语动词，ensures是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，put应与其保持形式上的一致。故填puts。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。as a result意为“结果，因此”，为固定搭配，所以此处用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．答案　of 解析　考查介词。根据前文“the variety and number”和后文“bird species”可知，前后构成所属关系，所以应用介词of。故填of。 9．答案　birds 解析　考查名词复数。bird意为“鸟”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填birds。 10．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为the Yellow River Estuary National Park，指物，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 Ⅴ.读后续写微练(满分25分) “Nine-eighty-four for an urgency call please.You are heading to Maroubra for a child of unknown age，address to follow，over.” Must be a big job，I thought as I moved quickly to the radio.I sat in the front seat of the ambulance and took the microphone.My heart jumped.The possibilities of a young child surviving falling from a height were low at best.Then I gestured to the driver that we would have to head off. “Take a left here，” my partner Amanda said.“The second street on your left is a lane way.” The driver threw the ambulance around the corner and saw a man waving his hands.He indicated that we should head down the lane way.Then I saw a woman with her arms in the air.There were people along three blocks leading to the address，signaling us in.It had now been nine minutes since we received the call and we travelled about 15 kilometers.It was a miracle(奇迹) that we got here so quickly. The driver came to a sudden stop beside the crowd.Amanda and I got off the ambulance immediately.I saw a boy lying on the grass beside the footpath.The boy’s face was white and looked dead.A woman standing behind the boy was his mother.I could see the wide-eyed scare on her face.There must be 15 people standing silently around.All eyes were glued to us as we approached. I saw a young man going down on his knees and performing external cardiac massage(体外心脏按压) on the boy.Later I learned that the young man was a medical student.“Two，three，four，five，” he counted as he pressed the small chest—but a failed attempt.There was no sign of life.“Let me try，” Amanda said，giving the boy mouth-to-mouth resuscitation(复苏) and heart massage.About two minutes later，there were signs of life and the cardiac monitor showed the heart had electrical activity.I took a big breath in and out. 范文补全 We immediately put the boy in the ambulance.We knew that if we stopped even for a second，the boy would lack oxygen and suffer brain damage.1.The boy’s mother，still scared，followed us into the ambulance(男孩的母亲，仍然很害怕，跟着我们进了救护车)．Amanda held a resuscitator mask over the child’s face.I attempted to gain intravenous access.2.I pushed the sharp needle into the boy’s arm(我将锋利的针头推进男孩的胳膊里)．The young man went to the hospital with us，and 3.helped us comfort the mother(帮我们安慰那位母亲)．About 15 minutes later，the ambulance arrived at the hospital and the medical workers had already prepared,4.sending the boy to the operating room immediately(立刻将男孩送往手术室)． We met the boy six weeks later.5.When we saw the boy running towards us，everyone’s face lighted up with wide smiles(当我们看着男孩跑向我们，大家脸上露出了灿烂的微笑).6.The boy happily extended his arms to hug us(小男孩开心地张开胳膊跟我们拥抱)．Amanda and I hugged the boy happily.The boy’s mother thanked us again and again.“He couldn’t unlock the doorway，but that day he could...Thanks for coming to our assistance in time that day，”7.the mother said gratefully with tears filling her eyes(那位母亲感激地说，眼里满含泪水)．We spent an hour together，taking photos and playing.I was moved that life is precious. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$