话题5 科普知识-【一战成名新中考】2025安徽中考英语·二轮复习·话题语篇练优质课件PPT

英语 1 第二部分 高频话题语篇练 ★主题二 人与社会 话题5 科普知识 角度3 自然科普（10年1考） 2 Passage 1 Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ants，for example，can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 meters and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert （沙漠）， so they have nothing to guide them along the way. 3 Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a “smell map” of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field （磁场），while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However，animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. To solve this problem，we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly， one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. 课标高频词句 1.find one’s way home __________________ 2.get lost ______ 3.have a sense of… ______________ 4.guide sb./sth. to a place ________________________ 5.environmental changes __________ 6.human activities __________ 7.mean a lot to… ______________________________ 找到某人回家的路 迷路 有……的感觉 引导某人/某物到一个地方 环境变化 人类活动 对……来说意味着很多（事情） 6 1.How can a certain kind of ants find their way? A. By imagining the way. B. By counting their steps. C. By bringing food together. D. By walking through a forest. 2.What can some fish do with the help of the earth’s magnetic field? A. They can swim as far as 110 meters and bring food home. B. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large area. C. They can swim a long way to a place and then back. D. They can make a smell map of their swimming area. √ √ 7 3.文章结构 What is the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Birds’ Sense of Light B. Fish’s Sense of Smell C. Animals’ Sense of Direction D. Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field √ √ 思维拓展设问 What does the text mainly talk about?（不超过15个词） _______________________________________________________ It introduces some animals with a good sense of direction. 8 Passage 2 Owls （猫头鹰） are active mainly at night. Most of us humans go about our business in the daytime. So we hardly ever see owls during the day， but many of us like these night birds very much. Our love for owls has a long history. No matter how far you go back， there is always some type of art work or story that is about an owl. So what is it about owls that makes them so popular? 9 Some bird researchers believe that owls are popular because of their “cool” looks. In order to see clearly in the dark， owls have large eyes. Unlike humans， owls cannot roll their eyes. Their heads have to do most of the turning-around work. It’s also for this reason that owls can turn their heads around almost entirely （完全地） on their necks. Besides，another reason for their popularity is their ability to hunt. Owls use sound to hunt. Their ears are special—the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A sound goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from. Thanks to such unusual looks and abilities， owls are known as popular animals. Over the centuries， lots of stories about them have been created. 课标高频词句 1.go about one’s business ________________ 2.in the daytime ________________ 3.hardly ever ______________ 4.have a long history ______________ 5.art work ________ 6.for this reason ______________ 7.thanks to ____________ 专心做某人的事 在白天；在日间 很少；几乎不 有很长的历史 艺术品 由于这个原因 幸亏；由于 11 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Why owls are active at night. B. How popular owls have been. C. Why owls hunt in the dark. D. How hard it is to see owls. 2.What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “roll their eyes” in Paragraph 3? A. Open their eyes. B. Clean their eyes. C. Close their eyes. D. Turn around their eyes. √ √ 12 3.Why do owls have a good sense of hearing? A. Because they have large ears. B. Because their ears can turn around. C. Because a sound can only go into their left ears. D. Because their left ears are higher than the right ears. 4.In which part of a magazine can you probably read the text? A. Natural world. B. Life and health. C. Language and culture. D. Science and technology. √ √ 13 $$ 英语 1 第二部分 高频话题语篇练 ★主题二 人与社会 话题5 科普知识 角度1 生活科普（10年4考） 2 Passage 1（2024 合肥二模） The first two or three years of your life were full of new things and you would probably think of them as unforgettable experiences. But the fact is that most grown men and women could hardly . .1. . anything from those very early years. And their . .2. . memories were from the age of about three and a half. This situation is often called “childhood amnesia （童年失忆症）”.Interestingly，young children are often able to remember certain things from their first two . .3. . of life. But for 3 reasons which are not completely understood， they generally lose this . .4. . as they get older. Do those earliest memories disappear for some reason? Nobody is sure. Scientists are still working on the . .5. .. As well as this tendency （趋势） to lose memories from the first three years， most people have . .6. . memories up to the age of eight than of other periods in their lives. Sometimes a picture or a piece of music can make you . .7. . something or someone from years ago. It is also . .8. . for a smell or sound to bring back a feeling. We still do not know exactly how the human mind . .9. . information. However， we know that people who often memorize about childhood experiences are more likely to . .10. . lasting memories. Based （基于） on this，scientists will continue to work on the subject. 课标高频词句 1.be full of______ 2.think of sb./sth.as… ____________________ 3.be able to do sth.____________ 4.for some reason ______________ 5.bring back ______ 6.be likely to do sth.____________ 7.continue to do sth.____________ 充满 认为某人/某物是…… 能够做某事 因为某种原因 带回 可能做某事 继续做某事 6 1.A. explain B. understand C. forget D. remember 2.A. earliest B. sweetest C. latest D. funniest 3.A. minutes B. months C. seasons D. years 4.A. ability B. dream C. magic D. interest 5.A. service B. speech C. survey D. subject 6.A. sadder B. happier C. fewer D. deeper 7.A. decide on B. think of C. care about D. deal with 8.A. difficult B. possible C. necessary D. strange 9. A. receives B. collects C. spreads D. stores 10.A. create B. doubt C. express D. find √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7 新考法设问 写作手法 How did the writer lead into the topic？ A. By telling a story. B. By showing some data. C. By making a comparison. D. By explaining a situation. √ 8 Passage 2 People with a growth mindset （思维模式） believe that intelligence （智力） and skills can be developed through hard work. Basically，they believe that anyone can develop their abilities in anything. The opposition （对立面） of the growth mindset is the fixed mindset. People with a fixed mindset believe that intelligence and skills are innate—they are the things that people are born with and there is no room for change. 9 A lot of research suggests that people with a growth mindset seem to be more successful than people with a fixed mindset. For example， a study found that students with a growth mindset were three times more likely to score in the top 20% on the test，while students with a fixed mindset were four times more likely to score in the bottom 20%. People with a growth mindset are much more resilient （有适应力 的）. Because they think about learning first over failure and they aren't afraid to take risks. However，people with a fixed mindset don't want to challenge themselves because failure usually only means failure to them. So that's why having a growth mindset is important. There are many tips for achieving success，but those people don't have a fighting chance if their mindset is passive. 课标高频词句 1.develop one's abilities ________________ 2.be born with sth.______________ 3.There is no room for sb./sth.______________________ 4.seem to be+adj. ____________ 5.take risks ______ 6.challenge oneself ______________ 培养某人的能力 天生具有某物 没有给某人/某物的空间。 看起来…… 冒险 某人挑战自我 11 1.What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_ A. Changeable. B. Natural. C. Trainable. D. Growing. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. People with a fixed mindset are smarter. B. The growth mindset may help achieve more. C. 20% of students could get top scores. D. Students with a growth mindset must perform badly. √ √ 12 3.写作手法 How does the writer organize the ideas in the text? A. By telling stories. B. By comparing facts. C. By drawing mind maps. D. By listing numbers. 4.Where is the text probably from? A. A science magazine. B. A science fiction novel. C. A medical book. D. A school report. √ √ 13 Passage 3 The brain is the most amazing part of our bodies. But just like our bodies， it needs care. Getting a good night’s sleep，eating a balanced diet and taking deep breaths are all important ways of looking after both your body and your brain. Many people think their brain will slow down with age and their memory will get worse. The truth is that，just like your body，you can also improve your brain. I've found I can improve my memory by 14 picturing what I need to remember. For example，if I'm going shopping and I need bread，milk and a birthday card for my brother，I picture a loaf of bread， a bottle of milk with a cow in the front and a birthday card with a football on it. The same kind of thing can be used with important dates. If you have a picture in your mind of a special event，it’s much easier to remember than just a number. Another way of improving your mind is to make sure you often visit new places and have new experiences. I find learning Spanish is a great way to keep the brain working， but communication in any language is important. 课标高频词句 1.a balanced diet ____________ 2.take deep breaths ________ 3.look after ____________ 4.slow down ______ 5.go shopping ________ 6.a bottle of milk __________ 7.a great way to do sth.________________ 均衡的饮食 深呼吸 照顾；照料 减慢 去购物 一瓶牛奶 做某事的好方法 16 1.What is the writer's aim in telling her experience? A. To explain how the brain works. B. To talk about problems with the brain. C. To describe how clever she has become. D. To tell ways to make the memory better. √ 2.How does the writer improve her memory? A. By doing some medical research. B. By looking after her body. C. By picturing what she needs to remember. D. By doing a lot of shopping. √ 17 3.Which would be the best title for the text? A. Easy Ways to Improve Your Mind B. The Latest Research into the Brain C. The Amazing Power of Memory D. How to Remember Things You'd Forgotten √ 18 思维拓展设问 According to the text，what can we do to improve our mind?（不超过10 个词） ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ We can picture what we need to remember./We can visit some new places and have new experiences./… 19 $$ 英语 1 第二部分 高频话题语篇练 ★主题二 人与社会 话题5 科普知识 角度2 事物发展史（10年2考） 2 Passage 1 What will you do when you travel—visit places of interest， do some shopping， or take photos? There's one thing you should never forget—send a . .1. .. 3 Postcards have 170 years of history in the UK. By the 20th century， trains became a . .2. . and easy way to travel. More people went on holiday to the . .3. . city by train. There were no mobile phones， . .4. . they sent postcards to let others know that they arrived safely. Those were . .5. . coast pictures，such as beaches and traditional foods like fish and chips. Today， most postcards show the beauty of their hometown. These postcards have pictures of . .6. . scenic（风景的） photos or drawings. Others may be funny with . .7. . on the front. People usually write words to . .8. . they miss someone on their postcards. It's common to end with “ . .9. . you”. The most famous postcard words are “Wish you were here”. Modern postcards also celebrate British humor. They often make fun of the British . .10. .. For example，some postcards show the rain pouring down on an empty beach. This humor keeps postcards popular in Britain. 课标高频词句 1.places of interest ______ 2.do some shopping ______ 3.by the 20th century __________ 4.go on holiday ________ 5.mobile phones __________ 名胜 购物 到20世纪 去度假 移动电话 6 6.show the beauty of sth.______________ 7.It's common to do sth.________________ 8.end with sth.____________ 9.pour down ______ 展示某物的美 做某事是普遍的。 以某物结束 倾泻 7 1. A. letter B. postcard C. cake D. photo 2. A. cheap B. short C. high D. quiet 3. A. forest B. mountain C. river D. coast 4. A. but B. and C. so D. or 5. A. badly B. truly C. hardly D. usually 6. A. local B. foreign C. strange D. special 7. A. names B. photos C. jokes D. places 8. A. repeat B. express C. praise D. suppose 9. A. Watching B. Sending C. Calling D. Missing 10. A. weather B. people C. food D. history √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8 新考法设问 写作手法 How does the writer lead into the text？ A. By comparing two things. B. By asking a question. C. By listing data. D. By telling a story. √ 9 Passage 2 As you read this passage， you probably have in front of you some paper， a pen and at least one pencil. Have you ever wondered how they were first made and where they come from? The word “paper” comes from the name “papyrus”，a plant. The ancient Egyptians took the soft center of this plant and added water to make a wet mixture， which was then pressed together and hung up to dry. The resulting paper was strong but flexible and was used as writing 10 material in Greek and Roman times. However， it was the Chinese who invented what we now know as paper. The method， in use over 2，000 years ago， also included pressing and drying wet material to form paper. It was not until the 19th century that paper became easy to make and cheap to buy. The earliest pens were hollow reeds （空心芦苇） that were put into ink to produce a form of writing. By the 6th century BC， feathers had replaced the reeds and continued to be used until the appearance of the metal nib （笔尖）. The ballpoint pen was developed in the second half of the 20th century by the Hungarian Biro brothers. From the time of the Romans，a metal stick made of lead （铅）， was used to write on papyrus. The lead left only a light mark and was later replaced by another soft metal，called graphite （石墨）. The graphite sticks， however， broke very easily. So an Italian couple invented something a little like our modern pencil. 课标高频词句 1.at least ______ 2.hang up __________ 3.be used as sth.____________ 4.It was not until…that… ________________ 5.the appearance of sth.____________ 6.from the time of… ______________ 7.be replaced by sth.____________ 至少 悬挂起来 被用作某物 直到……才…… 某物的出现 从……的时候 被某物取代 13 1.What does the underlined word “flexible” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. 柔韧的 B. 复杂的 C. 坚硬的 D. 脆弱的 2.Which of the following is the correct order of pens' development？ A. Feathers→hollow reeds→metal nib→ballpoint pen. B. Hollow reeds→feathers→metal nib→ballpoint pen. C. Metal nib→hollow reeds→feathers→ballpoint pen. D. Hollow reeds→metal nib→feathers→ballpoint pen. √ √ 14 3.What does the text mainly talk about？___ A. The advantage of the pen. B. The inventor of the pencil. C. The important inventions in China. D. The history of paper，pens and pencils. √ 思维拓展设问 Why did pencil makers change the pencil sticks from lead to graphite？ （不超过15个词） _______________________________________________________ Because the lead can only leave a light mark on papyrus. 15 $$