精品解析：2022年上海高考英语试卷（秋考）（网络收集版）

2022年上海市高考英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A box of cupcakes. B. A soup spoon. C. A packet of sugar. D. A cup of coffee. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m baking cupcakes, but I’ve run out of sugar. Would you please spare me a spoonful? W: Sure, I’ll fetch you a packet. Q: What will the woman offer to the man? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Interested. D. Crazy. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Haven’t seen the dog for two days. I don’t know if anything terrible has happened to it. M: We’d better prepare for the worst. Q: How does the woman most probably feel? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Giving awards to students. B. Buying a gift for his son. C. Selling new toys to customers. D. Interviewing to become a train driver. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Can you recommend something that a schoolboy of seven or eight will really like? W: I’d suggest this toy train, sir. This new brand is popular these days. Q: What is the man most probably doing? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She shouldn’t go out with a notebook. B. She should have been more careful and she can only blame herself. C. She should pay attention to the notebook on the bench. D. She shouldn’t take the loss of her notebook to heart. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I put my notebook on the bench a while ago, but now it’s gone. W: Well, you should have kept an eye on it. Q: What does the man imply about the woman? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Their travel plan in the city. B. Their exhibition in the gallery. C. Their experience in the memorial hall. D. Their journey in the city map. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: As you can see from the city map, the gallery is too far away from here. We don’t have enough time to go there. M: How about the Memorial Hall nearby? I heard it’s breathtaking. Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a chess teacher. B. She is indifferent to her chess progress. C. She signed up for the chess game. D. She hasn’t touched the chessboard for a long time. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Linda, you’ll have your chess game tomorrow. You’d better stay at home to do more practice. W: Dad, it was yesterday. Q: What do we learn about Linda from the conversation? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The light settings. B. The stage background. C. The performance style. D. The storyline. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Charles, what do you think of the stage play? M: The storyline fascinates me a lot, yet the lighting and setting still need improving, let alone the music. Q:Which aspect of the stage play does the man like? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The open-air movie in the forest park. B. The flower show in the forest park. C The closing performance of sports meeting. D. The opening performance of the forest park. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: The flower show in the forest park closes today. Do you want to join me for the last chance? W: Good idea. Um, the movie can wait. Q: Where is the woman most probably going? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Kate is a social phobic (恐惧的) patient. B Kate’s distinct personality is normal. C. Kate often loses her temper with her classmates. D. Kate’s strange personality affects her daily life. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I can’t get on well with my roommate, Kate. She’s so weird. M: Well, she’s just different. After all, diversity is a fact of life. Q: What does the man imply? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He needs to fix the budget of the hotel. B. He must get to Beijing on time. C. He can stay at her parents’ house. D. He wants to visit his parents in Beijing. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m going to Beijing next week, but I haven’t found a hotel within my budget. W: Why bother? My parents can put you up for a couple of days. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. About 1，400. B. About 3，000. C. About 1，900. D. About 2，000. 12. A. It has a long history. B. It has not yet achieved commercial success. C. It only sells fruit at its stall. D. It started from nothing. 13. A. The success story of Kitten Coffee. B. The history of Everbrown. C. The secret of business success. D. The advantages of diversified products. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 【解析】 【原文】Everbrown is a small town with a history of 1400 years. Each summer, the 300 hot springs nearby attract about 40000 tourists. For the rest of the year, it is home to just 3000 people. It is not the kind of place you’d expect to find Kitten Coffee, a famous food company. After university in 1992, Miss Rosemary, founder of the company, wanted nothing more than to live in a small town. With jobs hard to come by in Everbrown, she and her husband had to move into a cabin with no electricity or running water, and began to run a fruit stand specifically for tourists during the summer months. They quickly realized that they needed to set up a business that could be successful all year round. In 1996, they began roasting coffee beans in their garage, giving the business the name Kitten Coffee. As sales quickly took off, it soon became apparent that their product was going to be better known than the town from which it came. Since then, Kitten Coffee has become one of the biggest success stories. Its special image of a brown kitten appears in grocery stores and cafés across the country. Questions: 11. What is the population of the town Everbrown? 12. What can be learned about the company Kitten Coffee? 13. What is the talk mainly about? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. It needs scissors to be opened for use. B. It has launched more than 30 products. C. It is material — efficient and environmentally friendly. D. Its reputation among sellers is very poor. 15. A. It has put forward effective initiatives. B. It has reached the peak of product upgrading. C. It has offered a wide range of products. D. It only introduces the product through video clips. 16. A. Diversified design of packaging materials. B. Working hard to promote product development. C. Innovative initiatives of e-commerce pioneers. D. A new way of packaging: that’s frustration-free. 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. D 【解析】 【原文】 Breaking through tightly sealed packaging can exhaust and frustrate you. Five years ago, as a pioneer in e-commerce, we set up a team and announced a multi-year initiative to reduce your frustration. We named it ‘Keep It Simple’ packaging or ‘KIS’ packaging for short. At that time we made an introduction video and got a great many comments like this: “The old packaging took scissors and sweat to open. The new way is perfect.” Since the launch five years ago, our KIS team has worked hard. We launched with 29 products. Today we offer more than 300,000 different products in KIS packaging, and they’ve been ordered more than 85 million times. In addition to being frustration-free, this packaging is also better for the environment — no clear plastic materials and it’s smaller. KIS packaging has so far eliminated over 27.4 million pounds of packaging material. We still have further to go on this initiative and we’ll keep after it. We want to say thank you to the millions of customers and thousands of sellers who have supported us on this journey so far. If you’d like to share your feedback and suggestions with us this holiday season, you can reach us anytime at our website. Your comments are the driving force behind hundreds of packaging improvements every year. Questions:14. What can be learned about KIS packaging? 15. What has the KIS team done so far? 16. What is the speaker mainly talking about? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. The man’s trip in Paris as an exchange student. B. The man’s accommodation in Paris as an exchange student. C. The man’s course plan in Paris as an exchange student. D. The man’s daily diet in Paris as an exchange student. 18. A. The talent apartment outside the school is cheaper. B. The host family is willing to provide him with accommodation. C The roommate has shared an apartment with him. D. The school doesn’t have an on-campus dormitory for exchange students. 19. A. He may want to visit famous scenic spots. B. He may have a tight schedule. C. He may want his family to accompany him. D. He may need a chauffeur to take him to school. 20. A. He likes to finish the experiment with his classmates. B. He wants to split the rent to save money. C. He hopes to have the same schedule with his roommate. D. He just wants to hitchhike (搭顺风车)to class. 【答案】17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hey, Steven! I heard you are going to Paris as an exchange student, but you don’t seem excited. M: The school doesn’t have an on-campus dormitory for exchange students. I’m thinking of renting an apartment. W: Good idea! M: But the places close to campus are expensive, and the affordable ones are too far. W: Can’t you take buses? M: Sometimes I have to stay on campus late for tons of laboratory work and assignments after buses stop running. W: Hmm…That’s a point for being close to campus. Why not find a home-stay family? M: You mean living with a local family? W: Yeah, you get your meals as well. M: But the problem is my schedule. I might not be able to have dinner at usual time. And I may wake people up when I come back late. W: That’s true. M: Now my only hope is to find a roommate. Together, we can afford a place close enough to the school. W: But you may have different schedules. You could wake up your roommate as well. M: I hope I can find one among my classmates. So we share the same schedule, and he might even give me a ride if he could drive. W: Brilliant. (Now listen again. ) Questions: 17. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 18. According to the man, why does he have to live outside the campus? 19. What does the man expect his life to be like in Paris? 20. Why does the man want to choose a classmate as his roommate? II.GrammarandVocabulary SectionA After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to aid ____21____ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took ____22____(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur？ Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies ____23____ (know) as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, ____24____(develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the ____25____(exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects？ Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine ____26____ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, ____27____ they may use to enhance a firm. Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful？ Answer: ____28____ an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style____29____(characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short-and long-term goals. ____30____ successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short-and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. 【答案】21. them 22. to achieve 23. is known 24. develops 25. existing 26. what 27. which 28. As 29. characterized 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了企业家的定义，及采访企业家需要准备的一些相关问题。 【21题详解】 考查代词。句意：成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。根据语境可知，要帮助的人指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即前文的“aspiring entrepreneurs”，所以应填入人称代词宾格，作aid的宾语，且表复数，所以用them“他们”，符合语境。故填them。 【22题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：采访企业家来帮助他们可能会让他们深入了解他们为取得成功所采取的步骤。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功”。故填to achieve。 【23题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：通过创新战略建立和发展自己公司的个人被称为企业家。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据空后的as可知，本题考查固定搭配“be known as”，意为“被称为；被认为是……”。本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为An individual，所以be动词用单数形式。故填is known。 【24题详解】 考查时态。句意：企业家感知到社会的商业需求，发展出一个创业的想法，然后主动创办自己的公司。该空是一个谓语动词且与前面的perceives和and后面的takes并列，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填develops。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：假设一个商业创意并不专注于生产一种填补现有市场空白的产品。空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。existing为形容词“现存的”。故填existing。 【26题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“其他企业在做什么”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 【27题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰现行词“the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences”。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 【28题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。根据语境可知，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，所以用介词as，首字母大写。故填As。 【29题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它需要一种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。空处需要非谓语动词作后置定语。该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填characterized。 【30题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，空处需要不定冠词表示泛指，表示“一个成功的企业家”。空后的单词为辅音音素开始发音的单词，所以用不定冠词a，首字母大写。故填A。 SectionB Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. pursuits B. interests C. comparable D. innovation E. schedule F. options G. realization H. routes I. subjects J. recipes K. motivated Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat unique talents that led to global ____31____ in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as “Big C creativity” (or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world. But while we can’t all be Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein,many people do enjoy creative activity — through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of ____32____ are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be ____33____ with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing. On top of hobbies and ____34____, we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different ____35____ to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our ____36____ looks full. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider ____37____ and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”. While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace. Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts ____38____, but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science. But there is a growing ____39____ that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be Creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what ____40____ those involved. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. H 36. E 37. F 38. I 39. G 40. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了创造力的不同类型及其在日常生活中的体现。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们都因为自己的独特天赋而被视为“天才”，这些天赋为他们在各自领域带来了全球性的创新。根据in their fields可知，此处指“创新”，作led to的宾语，应用名词innovation。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：当被问及什么是创造力时，人们常常想到的是这些类型的爱好。根据上一句中的through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano可知，此处指的是像水彩画或弹钢琴这样的爱好，因此应用名词pursuits“爱好，追求”，与hobbies并列作of的宾语。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们的成品可能无法与大师们的作品相媲美，但这个过程往往是有治疗作用的，最终的结果也可能是美观的。根据with the likes of the great masters可知，此处指的是与大师们的作品相比，我们的成品可能无法与之相媲美，因此应用形容词comparable“可比较的”，作表语。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了爱好和兴趣，我们都拥有创造性属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做出决定。根据hobbies and可知，此处指的是与hobbies并列的名词，表示我们除了爱好之外，还有兴趣，因此应用名词interest“兴趣”的复数，作of的宾语。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：正是这种创造力使我们能够规划不同的路线到达同一个目的地，或者在我们的日程安排看起来很满的时候，如何安排去超市的行程。根据to get to the same destination可知，此处指的是到达同一个目的地的不同路线，因此应用名词routes“路线”，作plan的宾语。故选H。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：正是这种创造力使我们能够规划不同的路线到达同一个目的地，或者在我们的日程安排看起来很满的时候，如何安排去超市的行程。根据looks full可知，此处指的是日程安排看起来很满，因此应用名词schedule“日程安排”，作when引导的时间状语从句的主语。故选E。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：这听起来可能不太有创意，但这种创造力依赖于我们考虑各种选择并评估它们的适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人先前经验或我们正式或非正式学到的东西做出决定。根据and assess their suitability可知，此处指的是考虑选项并评估其适用性，因此应用名词options“选项”，作consider的宾语。故选F。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们之前的研究表明，教师通常能够给出艺术学科中创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等学科的创造力时，他们发现很难做到这一点。根据describe creativity in subjects such as science可知，此处指的是艺术学科，因此应用名词subjects“学科”，作in的宾语。故选I。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：但人们越来越认识到，在更广泛的学科领域中都能找到创造性的机会。根据that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects可知，此处指的是人们越来越认识到在更广泛的学科领域中都能找到创造性的机会，因此应用名词realization“认识”，作there be句型的主语。故选G。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来创造的机会，历史学提供了创造性地思考事件发生的原因以及这些事件如何激励相关人员的机会。根据those involved可知，此处指的是历史学提供了创造性地思考事件发生的原因以及这些事件如何激励相关人员的机会，因此应用动词motivated“激励”，作what引导的宾语从句的谓语。故选K。 III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical (词汇的) content,” notes linguist Barbara A. Fox, “they can play a strategic syntactic (句法的) role in a(n) ____41____ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase (整句字) ____42____ the context. “Hey, hey, shh, shh, shh. Come on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional ____43____. Um, you know, I am, I’m fine with that, but...other people”. Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these ‘hesitation forms’ — the sounds of stammering (uh), stuttering (um, um), throat-clearing (ahem!), stalling (well, um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching words or ____44____ for the next thought. You know that “y’ know” is among the most common of these ____45____ forms. Its meaning is not the imperious “you understand” or even the old interrogatory “do you get it?” It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase, ____46____ to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word. These staples of modern filler communication — I mean, y’ know, like — can also be used as “tee﹣up words”. In old times, pointer phrases or tee-up words were “get this, would you believe? and are you ready?”. The ____47____ of these rib-nudging phrases was — are you ready — to make the point, to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow... If the ____48____ is to tee up a point, we should accept “y’ know” and its friends as a mildly ____49____ spoken punctuation, the articulated colon (冒号) that signals “focus on this”… If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at all? What ______50______ the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all? Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds? For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker______51______. Recent research at Columbia University suggests another reason. Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when ______52______ for the next word. To investigate this ______53______, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices ______54______ to the speaker. They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy, where the subject matter is less ______55______ and more open to word choices. 41. A. undertaking B. discovering C. disliking D. unfolding 42. A. depending on B. holding up C. taking over D. arranging for 43. A. appliances B. substances C. disturbances D. finances 44. A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account 45. A. perseverance B. complexity C. hesitation D. obligation 46. A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended 47. A. interest B. experience C. advantage D. function 48. A. architecture B. purpose C. completion D. random 49. A. annoying B. striking C. entertaining D. embarrassing 50. A. oppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. motivates 51. A. danger B. anxiety C. figure D. sculpture 52. A. bothering B. inspecting C. searching D. accomplishing 53. A. idea B. chance C. basis D. feedback 54. A. feasible B. credible C. considerable D. available 55. A. well-matched B. well-defined C. well-bred D. well-perceived 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是填充词在对话中的作用及心理学背景，探讨其为何成为交流中不可或缺的一部分。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言学家芭芭拉·福克斯指出，虽然填充词“可能只有很少的词汇内容，但它们可以在展开式对话中发挥战略性的句法作用”。A. undertaking承担；B. discovering发现；C. disliking不喜欢；D. unfolding展开。根据上文“A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know.(填充词是一个明显没有意义的单词、短语或声音，标志着讲话中的停顿或犹豫。也被称为停顿填充或犹豫形式。英语中常见的填充词有um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know)”可知，填充词常用于口语中，只有很少的内容，但可以在展开式对话中发挥战略性的句法作用。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据上下文的不同，看起来像是填充词的词也可能是一整个句子。A. depending on取决于；B. holding up支撑；C. taking over接管；D. arranging for安排。根据后文“the context”填充词的含义取决于上下文。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对其他人不愿意谈论情绪困扰的事实要敏感。A. appliances器具；B. substances物质；C. disturbances困扰；D. finances财务。根据上文“not comfortable”可知，对别人不愿意谈论情绪困扰的事实要敏感。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：以伦纳德·布卢姆菲尔德为首的现代语言学家在1933年将这些声音称为“犹豫形式”——当说话者正在寻找单词或对下一个想法不知所措时，会发出口吃（呃）、结巴（嗯，嗯）、清嗓子（嗯，嗯）、拖延（嗯，嗯，就是这样）的声音。A. on the contrary相反；B. at a loss不知所措；C. at dawn黎明；D. on no account绝不。根据后文“when the speaker is searching words or”可知，当说话者正在寻找单词或对下一个想法不知所措时，就会说一些填充词。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道“y’ know”是最常见的犹豫形式之一。A. perseverance坚持；B. complexity复杂性；C. hesitation犹豫；D. obligation义务。根据上文“call these ‘hesitation forms’”可知，说话者不知道说什么的时候，“y’ know”是最常见的犹豫形式之一。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被认为是，也被理解为，仅仅是一个填充短语，用来填补声音流中的节拍，就像它的新意义上的like一样，是一个填充词。A. intended意图；B. attended参加；C. pretended假装；D. extended延伸。根据后文“to fill a beat in the flow of sound”指这个词的目的是用来填补声音流中的节拍。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些挑逗性的短语的作用是——你准备好了吗？——把听众的注意力集中在接下来的内容上。A. interest兴趣；B. experience经验；C. advantage优势；D. function功能。根据后文“to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow.”可知，are you ready的作用是把听者的注意力集中在接下来的内容上。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果目的是为了提出一个观点，我们应该接受“知道”和它的朋友们作为一种稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，即表示“专注于此”的连音冒号。A. architecture结构；B. purpose目的；C. completion完成；D. random随机。根据后文“If the purpose is to grab a moment to think”可知，此处指这个词的目的是为了证明一个观点。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果目的是为了提出一个观点，我们应该接受“知道”和它的朋友们作为一种稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，即表示“专注于此”的连音冒号。A. annoying令人恼火的；B. striking显著的；C. entertaining有趣的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据后文“spoken punctuation, the articulated colon that signals “focus on this””可知，此处指这个词和其他填充词被当作一个稍微令人讨厌的口语标点符号，发音清晰的冒号表示“关注这个”。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使演讲者用声音来填补沉默的时刻？A. oppresses压迫；B. recycles回收；C. highlights突出；D. motivates激励。根据上文“Why are filler phrases needed at all?(为什么需要填充短语？)”可知，此处指反问是什么促使演讲者用声音来填补沉默的时刻，motivate sb. to do sth.表示“促使某人做某事”。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，这是一种紧张的迹象；他们害怕沉默，经历说话的焦虑。A. danger危险；B. anxiety焦虑；C. figure人物；D. sculpture雕塑。根据上文“it is a sign of nervousness”可知，使用填充词是因为说话者害怕和焦虑。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哥伦比亚大学的心理学家猜测，说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿。A. bothering打扰；B. inspecting检查；C. searching搜索；D. accomplishing完成。根据上文“when the speaker is searching words”以及下文的“the next word”可知，此处指说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了研究这个想法，他们统计了生物、化学和数学讲师使用填充词的情况，这些学科使用科学的定义，限制了演讲者选择的词汇种类。A. idea想法；B. chance机会；C. basis基础；D. feedback反馈。根据空前“To investigate this”可知，此处指研究上文提到的“哥伦比亚大学的心理学家猜测，说话者在寻找下一个单词的时候会填补停顿”这个想法。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了研究这个想法，他们统计了生物、化学和数学讲师使用填充词的情况，这些学科使用科学的定义，限制了演讲者选择的词汇种类。A. feasible可行的；B. credible可信的；C. considerable相当多的；D. available可用的。根据上文“where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices”和下文与之对比的“more open to word choices”可知，生物、化学和数学讲师可使用的填充词因为使用科学的定义，所以有限。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们比较了英语、艺术史和哲学教师使用填充词的数量，这些学科的主题定义不那么明确，词汇选择更开放。A. well-matched匹配良好的；B. well-defined定义明确的；C. well-bred有教养的；D. well-perceived感知良好的。根据后文“more open to word choices”可知，词汇选择更开放是因为这些科目的定义不那么明确。故选B。 Section B Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread. Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated (像素化的) works with hand placed colour-chips, synonymous with colour swatches (色块), cleverly combining text and image to create interesting and fascinating collaged (拼贴的) works. With a previous career in Interior Design spanning 11 years, Nick references his concept design background throughout his work, reworking the design aesthetic using unique colour swatches in hand-made collages, placing his work firmly in the fine art category. From his first collage experiment back in 2011 of Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’, when he assembled a tessellation (镶嵌技术) of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for. The multi-layered element of his work, which marries image and word, allows Nick to explore complex art-historical concepts. The text employed is often narrative, which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work. This additional element of text, placed under the empty space of each swatch, creates either complimentary or subversive meanings. Nick deliberately leaves these word/image constructions open to viewer interpretation, sparking new debates and meanings. Each P-series, such as Psycolourgy 2015, Purgatory 2019, explores complicatedly researched concepts, which are always the crucial starting point for each new series of work. Producing large-scale works to micro-chip collages, and multiple sell out print editions, Nick continues to develop his popular and recognisable art. PSYCOLOURGY — January 2015 Lawrence Alkin Gallery, London Smith’s debut solo exhibition with Lawrence Alkin Gallery in Soho, London, launched his unique visual reworking of classic paintings from the 20th Century canon. Universally known works, including David Hockney’s ‘The Bigger Splash’, Andy Warhol’s ‘Soup Cans’ and Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Mona Lisa’ were all recast, creating original collages that enquire ideas of depiction, digitalisation and recognition. A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases, Psycolourgy forged Smith’s path to a place among Britain’s notable contemporary artists. PURGATORY — December 2019 Context, Art Miami Purgatory is a shiny, sticky, glossy exploration of our societies attitude and approach to our excess, addictions and desires. Excerpts from Dante’s Purgatory are woven through colourful works depicting popular covetable consumables, creating symbolic representations of the seven sins. Dante explores possible penance (忏悔) for our earthly suffering leading to spiritual growth.The results of these pairings offer a humorous, nostalgic and subversive opportunity to question our choices, our history and our future. 56. What made Nick launch his art career? A. His deep love of fascinating collaged works. B. His first collage work Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’. C. The challenge of piecing a tessellation of swatches. D. The collage experiment dating back to 2012. 57. Which of the following statements about the text Nick uses is true? A. His text contains concepts of art. B. His text is usually illustrative. C. His text can be read sequentially. D. His text elements are very simple. 58. What do we know about PSYCOLOURGY? A. It opened Smith’s unique visual reinvention of classic 21st-century paintings. B. David Hockney’s ‘Mona Lisa’ has been recreated by Lawrence Alkin Gallery. C. The original collages affirm the ideas of depiction, digitisation and recognition. D. It opened Smith’s path to becoming one of Britain’s leading contemporary artists. 59. What is the topic of this passage? A. Some useful ways to create collaged works. B. The life of contemporary artist Nick Smith. C. Information about Psycolourgy and Purgatory. D. The introduction to Nick Smith’s works. 【答案】56. C 57. C 58. D 59. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当代艺术家Nick Smith的创作风格和作品。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From his first collage experiment back in 2011 of Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’.when he assembled a tessellation of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for. (这是他在2011年第一次拼贴沃霍尔的作品《玛丽莲》。当他将色板镶嵌起来作为一项挑战时，这最终激发了他作为艺术家的职业生涯，并确定了他现在闻名的独特风格。)”可知，Nick 在2011年在沃霍尔的作品《玛丽莲》中进行了第一次拼贴实验，所以这并非是他对拼贴作品的热爱，而在这次拼贴实验中，他将色板镶嵌在一起作为挑战。故选C。 57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The text employed is often narrative, which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work.(Nick Smith使用的文本通常是叙事性的，可以按顺序阅读，为作品添加另一个神秘和兴趣的元素。)”可知，Nick的作品文本时叙述性的，他的文本可以按顺序读。故选C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases, Psycolourgy forged Smith’s path to a place among Britain’s notable contemporary artists.(一场售罄的展览，以及随后出版的血多成功的印刷版《心理学》，使得史密斯跻身英国著名当代艺术家之列。)”可知，《心理学》为史密斯开辟了通往英国著名当代艺术家之路。故选D。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 尤其是首段“Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated (像素化的) works with hand placed colour-chips, synonymous with colour swatches (色块), cleverly combining text and image to create interesting and fascinating collaged (拼贴的) works.(当代艺术家Nick Smith使用手工放置的色块创作像素化作品，这些色块与色彩样本同义，巧妙地将文字与图像结合，打造出有趣且迷人的拼贴作品。)”可知，首段介绍了当代艺术家Nick Smith将文字和图像结合起来，创作出有趣和发人深省的拼贴作品，接下来主要介绍了他的作品的设计理念，最后描述了他的两个系列作品：Psychology和Purgatory，所以文章主题是介绍Nick Smith的作品。故选D。 The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall process is well established, but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven or disproven through testing. Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to observe something that you would like to learn about or ask a question that you would like answered. These can be specific or general. Some examples would be “I observe that our total available network bandwidth drops at noon every weekday” or “How can we increase our website registration numbers?” Taking the time to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps. Gather background information. This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question. Create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation or question. If proven later, it can become a fact. Some examples would be “Our employees watching online videos during lunch is using our internet bandwidth” or “Our website visitors don’t see our registration form.” Create a prediction and perform a test. Create a testable prediction based on the hypothesis. The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using empirical analysis. It is also important to control for other variables during the test. Some examples would be “If we block video-sharing sites, our available bandwidth will not go down significantly during lunch” or “If we make our registration box bigger, a greater percentage of visitors will register for our website than before the change.” Analyze the results and draw a conclusion. Use the metrics established before the test see if the results match the prediction. For example, “After blocking video-sharing sites, our bandwidth utilization only went down by 10% from before; this is not enough of a change to be the primary cause of the network congestion” or “After increasing the size of the registration box,the percent of sign-ups went from 2% of total page views to 5%, showing that making the box larger results in more registrations.” Share the conclusion or decide what question to ask next: Document the results of your experiment. By sharing the results with others, you also increase the total body of knowledge available. Your experiment may have also led to other questions,or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that. For example, “Because user activity is not the cause of excessive bandwidth use, we now suspect that an automated process is running at noon every day.” 60. What is the important role of collecting background information? A. Make full preparation for the research questions. B. Understand the knowledge of existing research results. C. Provide evidence to refute the research conclusion. D. Encourage researchers to reflect deeply on their work. 61. In which case would it be necessary to create a new hypothesis for retesting? A. The research hypothesis has been fully proved. B. The research results lead to other related issues. C. The scope of test data needs to be expanded again. D. The background investigation is not objective enough. 62. What can we infer from this passage? A. Creating a question will help you in the following step. B. Collecting information includes research on an unknown subject. C. The test should establish a change that cannot be measured easily. D. You may need to create a new hypothesis if the old one is overturned. 【答案】60. B 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家是如何使用科学的方法来做实验，并具体介绍了得出实验结论的步骤。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question.(这涉及到对该主题的已知信息进行研究。这还可能涉及查找是否有人已经问过同样的问题)”可知，收集背景信息不仅涉及到对已经知道的主题进行研究，还可能涉及到是否有人已经问过同样的问题。结合相关选项分析，B项表述的“了解现有研究成果的知识”是收集背景信息重要作用。故选B。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Your experiment may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that.(你的实验可能还会导致其他问题，或者如果你的假设被证明是错误的，你可能需要创建一个新的假设并进行测试)”可知，当研究结果引出了其他相关问题时，我们需要创建新的假设进行测试。故选B。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Your experiment may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that.(你的实验可能还会导致其他问题，或者如果你的假设被证明是错误的，你可能需要创建一个新的假设并进行测试)”可推知，如果你的假设被推翻了，你可能需要创建一个新的假设并验证它。故选D。 Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows, methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve on existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean？ A. Persuasibility. B. Scarcity. C. Generality. D. Practicability. 64. What is the purpose of business innovation？ A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C. Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65. Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C. They can bring huge commercial benefits. D. They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. 【答案】63. D 64. A 65. D 66. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是商业创新的概念、过程及其与发明的区别，同时探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“feasibility and desirability of each idea. (每个想法的可行性和可取性。)”可知，领导者对于头脑风暴所提创意可行性的考虑，划线单词与“feasibility”以及“desirability”为并列关系，所以划线单词的意义与“生存能力，耐用性，可行性”意思相近。故选D项。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. (商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值。)”可知，商业创新过程的目的是为企业创造价值效益。故选A。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. (创新和发明是紧密联系在一起的，但这两个术语是不可互换的。发明是一种全新的创造。商业创新的过程可以产生一项发明，但这个术语的范围更广，包括以新的方式应用现有的概念或实践，或将新技术应用于现有的产品或过程以改进它。为了更好地理解两者的区别，不妨这样考虑：电话是一项发明，而智能手机是一项创新。)”可知，此处对创新和发明的区别做出解释，创新和发明密切相关，但具有不同的概念范围。故选D。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段中的“Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. (商业创新, 像大多数商业计划一样，既有好处也有风险。)”和“On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. (另一方面, 组织需要权衡这些风险和业务创新的好处。)”可知，文章围绕商业创新进行讲述，不仅介绍了其概念，还提出其改进的方向、实现目的以及相关的创新分类，同时，还介绍了商业创新的积极影响和消极影响进行了简要概述，由此可知，本文主要是关于商业创新的相关概念及考量。故选B。 SectionC Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed. When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa.They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months. On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania. ____67____ The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence. Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. ____68____ On November 4, 1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips. This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries. ____69____ On hearing of Jane’s observation, Leakey famously says: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. ____70____ “It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities. Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane’s work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane’s life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic, “My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.” A. But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B. Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C. These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D. So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E. However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee, carrying it with her everywhere. F. Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names. 【答案】67. A 68. C 69. B 70. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了Jane在坦桑尼亚西部贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区的研究和发现。 【67题详解】 根据上一段中“On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.(1960年7月14日，Jane和Vanne来到了坦桑尼亚西部贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区的海岸)”可知，Jane克服困难，最终到达了黑猩猩保护区，准备开始从事野生黑猩猩的研究工作，结合下文“The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination, she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon.(黑猩猩们惊恐地逃离简。带着耐心和决心，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩)”可知，研究工作进展并不顺利，黑猩猩们有意躲避Jane，上下文之间有转折关系，A选项“But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy.(但是研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易)”承上启下，引出下文Jane在研究工作中遇到的问题，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 【68题详解】 根据上文“Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat.(1961年10月30日，Jane第一次观察到黑猩猩吃肉。后来，她看到黑猩猩在捕猎。)”可知，Jane观察到黑猩猩吃肉和捕猎，C选项“These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian.(这些观察结果推翻了人们普遍认为黑猩猩是素食主义者的观点)”承接上文，说明这些观察带来的影响，句中“These observations”指代上文中Jane观察到的现象，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 【69题详解】 根据上一段中“On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.(1961年11月4日，Jane观察到David Greybeard和Goliath制作工具，从它们的土墩中取出白蚁。它们会从树上挑一根细树枝，剥掉叶子，把树枝推到白蚁丘里。几秒钟后，它们就会拔出覆盖着白蚁的棍子，用嘴唇啄下美味的白蚁。)”以及空前的“This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries.(这成为简最重要的发现之一)”可知，此处讲述了Jane发现黑猩猩会使用工具，B选项“Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools.(在那之前，人们认为只有人类才能创造工具)”承接上文，说明这一发现的意义：颠覆了只有人类才能创造工具的认知，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 【70题详解】 根据上文的“Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree.(Jane在贡贝的工作变得更加广为人知，1962年，她被剑桥大学录取为博士候选人，是少数几位没有大学学位却被录取的人之一。)”可知，Jane被剑桥大学录取为博士候选人，是少数几位没有大学学位却被录取的人之一，结合下文““It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. (他们说：“给它们数字编号会更科学。”)”可知，有人对Jane的做法提出异议，由此可推断，此空应与下文的内容相关，F项“Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names.(一些学者和科学家对Jane态度冷淡，批评她给黑猩猩取名字)”中Jane给黑猩猩取名字的批评，同时下文中人称代词“they”指代该选项中“Some scholars and scientists”符合语境。故选F项。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is there a correlation between high IQ and creative genius? Really , the phrasing of the question contradicts very much correlation, as “creativity” is in no way measured through IQ standardized testing, and creativity is the greatest determinant of a genius as, like you say , it is a genius. Innovation upon any subject requires a drive to create. As ones IQ increases, there is an increased probability that they are a genius because their level of creativity has a higher probability of ascending (升高) them to genius level. However if the odds are against them, there is an average probability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are composed of different mental constructs as IQ measures a standard comprehension level, while creativity measures the way in which this comprehension is used. For example , if your IQ is 180, the percentage that you are a genius is subtracted by the amount of creativity necessary to become a genius. This is inductive of the influence that the brain has on awareness. The brain gains perceptive awareness upon “creating thoughts in a continuous cyclic process, and if you were very “intelligent” but could not generate thoughts, you could not be an intellectual being. However, one who is alive can never stop thinking, so the correlation of IQ and genius would objectively appear as a negative exponential function. There are few exceptionally creative people out there, just as there are few exceptionally intelligent people, and one does not occur with the other. Possessing a high level of intelligence is a platform of understanding for the creative thinking skills to make up originality. When one bears informal thinking skills, they typically occupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allow one to make sense of the resultant creative output within its surrounding context of knowledge. However, not all “geniuses” from our subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels of creativity. One's level of intelligence can be so high that their platform of understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lower levels of intelligence must use creativity in order to attain a sort of qualitative equivalence. Examples of people like this throughout history include the likes of John von Neumann and Christopher Langan. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The higher a person’s IQ, the more likely he is to be a genius. IQ measures the standard level of comprehension, while creativity measures how comprehension is used. The relationship between intelligence and genius is objectively a negative exponential function. Extremely creative people and extremely smart people don’t coexist. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了高智商和创造性天才之间的关系。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①As ones IQ increases, there is an increased probability that they are a genius because their level of creativity has a higher probability of ascending them to genius level. ②This is because genius and IQ are composed of different mental constructs as IQ measures a standard comprehension level, while creativity measures the way in which this comprehension is used. ③However, one who is alive can never stop thinking, so the correlation of IQ and genius would objectively appear as a negative exponential function. ④There are few exceptionally creative people out there, just as there are few exceptionally intelligent people, and one does not occur with the other. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 The higher a person’s IQ, the more likely he is to be a genius. The relationship between intelligence and genius is objectively a negative exponential function. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The higher a person’s IQ, the more likely he is to be a genius.（运用了固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，对原文第一段和第二段中智商和天才的关系进行了概括，表达非常高级） 【高分句型2】IQ measures the standard level of comprehension, while creativity measures how comprehension is used.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段中智商、创造力和理解的关系进行了概括。其中how引导宾语从句，表达非常高级） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Mother forgot having bought some cucumbers for her neighbor just two days ago./Mother forgot buying some cucumbers for her neighbor just two days ago. 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词和名词。根据句意，表示“两天前刚”应为just two days ago，作时间状语，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以全句使用一般过去时，表示“忘记”为动词forget，作谓语，应用过去式forgot，表示“忘记做过某事”为forget doing sth或forget having done，表示“买”为buy，所以此处使用动名词having just bought或者buying作宾语，表示“黄瓜”为some cucumbers作宾语。故翻译为Mother forgot having bought some cucumbers for her neighbor just two days ago./Mother forgot buying some cucumbers for her neighbor just two days ago. 73. 每逢节假日，我们都会去郊区露营，为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】(During) every holiday / (On) every holiday, we always go/will go camping in the suburbs so that we can enjoy a leisurely comfortable/relaxing and comfortable life. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、目的状语从句和固定短语。表示“每逢节假日”可用“During every holiday”或“On every holiday”，可以省略介词“During”或“On”，作时间状语，句首单词首字母大写，“we”作主语，表示“我们”，作主语，句子可用一般现在时，表示习惯性动作，谓语动词为“always go camping”，也可用一般将来时，强调将来的动作，谓语动词为“will go camping”，“in the suburbs”表示“去郊区”，作地点状语，后接“so that”引导的目的状语从句，“we can enjoy”表示“我们能够享受”，“leisurely comfortable life”或“relaxing and comfortable life”表示“悠闲惬意的生活”，“so that we can enjoy a leisurely comfortable/relaxing and comfortable life”表示“为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活”。故翻译为(During) every holiday / (On) every holiday, we always go/will go camping in the suburbs so that we can enjoy a leisurely comfortable/relaxing and comfortable life. 74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流才能见效。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, and perseverance can make a difference. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句、名词和固定短语。根据句意，表示“切莫苛求运动强度和频率”为祈使句的否定形式，表示“苛求”为动词demand，表示“运动强度和频率”为the intensity and frequency of exercise作宾语，所以，前半句译为don’t demand the intensity and frequency of exercise，句首单词的首字母要大写；表示“细水长流”可理解为“坚持”为perseverance，表示“见效”可理解为“有影响，起到作用”，翻译为make a difference，所以后半句翻译为perseverance can make a difference，此处使用并列连词and连接两个句子。故翻译为Don’t demand the intensity and frequency of exercise, and perseverance can make a difference. 75. 这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁荣之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路。（as...as）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although this canal, which took hundreds of years to be constructed, is no longer as prosperous as it used to be, it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、定语从句以及现在分词。根据句意，表示“这条运河”为this canal作主语，表示“历经数百年才修建而成”可译为非限制性定语从句，“this canal”在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词which引导，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，表示“历经”为动词take，使用动词过去式形式took作定语从句的谓语，表示“数百年”为hundreds of years，表示“修建”为construct，表示“历经多久做某事”为take some time to do sth.，且construct与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的被动形式，定语从句为which took hundreds of years to be constructed；表示“不再”为no longer；表示“繁荣景象”为prosperous作表语，所以谓语动词为be动词，表示“和……一样……”为as...as...，表示“昔日”为it used to be，表示“虽”为although引导让步状语从句，所以，“如今虽无昔日繁荣之景”可译为although this canal is no longer as prosperous as it used to be，句首单词的首字母要大写；表示“但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路”为主句，表示“仍然是重要水路”可译为it is still an important waterway，表示“横跨东西的”为 run from the east to the west，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰waterway，run与waterway之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词running作后置定语修饰waterway，所以主句翻译为it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west。故翻译为Although this canal, which took hundreds of years to be constructed, is no longer as prosperous as it used to be, it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west. VI.GuidedWriting 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假使你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式里选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。必须包含： (1)你的选择; (2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. A, I am Li Hua, a student of Senior Three. Knowing our school is soliciting advice about the activity with the theme of revisiting the history, I am writing to recommend “history play” as the main activity instead of visiting old soldiers or making short videos. First of all, it is a better way to know about the historical events vividly by maximum students engagement rather than printed text and photos. Through the involvement students could efficiently remember historical facts instead of merely reciting them from books or PPTs. Secondly, by appreciating the heroic plots in the stage, students would comprehend the hard-won achievements of revolution deeply. In addition, students can further recognize the background, analyze the cause and evaluate the effect after the whole process of historical rehearsal. Most important of all, the excellent stories of national heroes and heroines will be imprinted in students’ mind and stimulate their national pride and confidence, and even promote their devotion to a better future of our country. I do hope that my suggestions will be taken into consideration. Yours truly, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。考生的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式里选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频，要求学生写出相关建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：advice→suggestion 提高：promote→enhance 理解：comprehend→understand/make… clear 激励：stimulate→motivate 2.句式拓展 改强调句型 原句：Through the involvement students could efficiently remember historical facts instead of merely reciting them from books or PPTs. 拓展句：It is through the involvement that students could efficiently remember historical facts instead of merely reciting them from books or PPTs. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing our school is soliciting advice about the activity with the theme of revisiting the history, I am writing to recommend “history play” as the main activity instead of visiting old soldiers or making short videos. (运用了现在分词做状语和省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] I do hope that my suggestions will be taken into consideration. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷2022年7月听力部分现在开始。普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷2022年7月听力部分现在开始。When listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, i'm baking cupcakes, but i've run out of sugar. Would you please spare me a spoonful? Sure, i'll fetch you a packet. Question, what will the woman offer to the man? Two, haven't seen the dog for two days. I don't know if anything terrible has happened to IT. We'd Better prepare for the worst question. How does the woman most probably feel? Three, can you recommend something that a schoolboy of seven or eight would really like? I'd suggest this toy train. sir. This new brand is popular these days. Question, what is the man most probably doing? For I put my notebook on the bench a while ago, but now it's gone. Well, you should have captain eye . on IT question. What does the man imply about the woman? Five, as you can see from the city map, the gallery is too far away from here. We don't have enough time to go there. How about the memorial hole nearby? I heard its breath taking question. What are the speakers mainly talking about? Six, Linda, you'll have your chest game tomorrow. You'd Better stay at home to do more practice. dad. IT was yesterday question. what do we learn about Linda from the conversation? Seven, Charles, what do you think of the stage play? Story line fascinates me a lot. yeah. The lighting and setting still need improving, let alone the music question. which aspect of the stage play does the man like? Eight, the flower show in the forest park closes today. Do you want to join me for the last chance? Good idea. The movie can wait. Question, where is the woman most probably going? Nine, I can't get on well with my roommate kate. She's so weird. Well, she's just different. After all, diversity is effect of life. Question, what does the man imply? Ten, i'm going to beijing next week, but I haven't found a hotel within my budget. Why bother? My parents can put you up for a couple of days. Question, what does the woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage ever. Brown is a small town with a history of one thousand four hundred years each summer, the three hundred hot springs nearby attract about forty thousand tourists for the rest of the year. IT is home to just three thousand people. IT is not the kind of place you'd expect to find kitten coffee, a famous food company. After university in ninety ninety two, miss rosemary, founder of the company, wanted nothing more than to live in a small town with jobs hard to come by. And ever Brown SHE and her husband had to move into a cabin with no electricity or running water and began to run a fruit stand specifically for tourists during the summer months, they quickly realized that they needed to set up a business that could be successful all year around. In nineteen nineteen ninety six, they began roast coffee beans in their garbage, giving the business the name kitten coffee. As sales quickly took off, IT soon became apparent that their product was going to be Better known than the town from which he came. Since then, kitten coffee has become one of the biggest success stories. Its special image of a Brown kitten appears in grocery stores and cafes across the country. Now listen again ever. Brown is a small town with the history of one thousand four hundred years each summer that three hundred hot springs nearby attract about forty thousand tourists for the rest of the year. IT is home to just three thousand people. IT is not the kind of place you'd expect to fine kitten coffee, a famous food company. After university in nineteen ninety two, miss rosemary thunder of the company wanted nothing more than to live in a small town with jobs hard to come by. And ever Brown SHE and her husband had to move into a cabin with no electricity or running water and began to run a fruit stand specifically for tourists during the summer months, they quickly realized that they needed to set up a business that could be successful all year around. In nineteen ninety six, they began rusting coffee beans in their garages, giving the business the name kitchen coffee. As sales quickly took off, IT soon became apparent that their product was going to be Better known than the town from which I came. Since then, kitten coffee has become one of the biggest success stories. Its special image of a Brown kitten appears in grocery stores and cafes across the country. Questions eleven, what is the population of the town ever Brown? Twelve, what can we learn about the company? Kitten coffee? Thirteen, what is the talk mainly about. Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Breaking through tightly sealed packaging can exhaust and frustrate you. Five years ago, as a pioneer and e commerce, we set up a team and announced a multiyear initiative to reduce your frustration. We named IT keep IT simple packaging, or K, IS packaging, for short. At that time, we made an introduction video and got a great many comments like this. The old packaging took scissors and sweat to open. The new way is perfect. Since the launch five years ago, R, K, I, S team has worked hard. We launched with twenty nine products. Today, we offer more than three hundred thousand different products in K, I, S packaging, and they've been ordered more than eighty five million times. In addition to be in frustration free, this packaging is also Better for the environment, no clear plastic materials, and its smaller KI, S. Packaging has so far eliminated over twenty seven point four million pounds of packaging material. We still have further to go on this initiative and will keep after IT. We want to say thank you to the millions of customers and thousands of sellers who have supported us on this journey so far. If you like to share your feedback and suggestions with us this holiday season, you can reach us anytime at our website. Your comments are the driving force behind hundreds of packaging improvements every year. Now listen again. Breaking through tightly sealed packaging can exhaust and frustrate you. Five years ago, as a pioneer and e commerce, we set up the team and announced a multi year initiative to reduce your frustration. We named IT keep IT simple packaging, or KIS. Packaging for short. At that time, we made an introduction video and got a great many comments like this. The old packaging took scissors and sweat to open. The new way is perfect. Since the launch five years ago, our KI, S. Team has worked hard. We launched with twenty nine products today. We offer more than three hundred thousand different products in K, I, S. Packaging, and they've been ordered more than eighty five million times. In addition to be in frustration free, this packaging is also Better for the environment. No clear plastic materials and its smaller K, I, S. Packaging has so far eliminated over twenty seven point four million pounds of packaging material. We still have further to go on this initiative, and we'll keep after IT. We want to say thank you to the millions of customers and thousands of sellers who have supported us on this journey so far. If you'd like to share your feedback and suggestions with us this holiday season, you can reach us anytime at our website. Your comments are the driving force behind hundreds of packaging improvements every year. Questions fourteen, what can be learned about KIS. packaging? Fifteen, what has the KIS team done so far? Sixteen, what is the speaker mainly talking about? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Hey, Stephen, I heard you are going to paris as an exchange student, but you don't seem excited. The school doesn't have an on campus dormitory for exchange students. I'm thinking of renting in an apartment. Good idea. but the places is close to campus are expensive, and the affordable ones are too far. Can you take buses? Sometimes I have to stay on campus late for tons of laboratory work and assignments after buses stop running. And that's a point for being close to campus. Why not find a homestay family . and living with local family? Yeah, you get your meals as well. But the problem is my schedule, I might not be able to have dinner at usual time, and I may wake people up when I come back late. That's true. Now my only hope is to find a roommate together. We can afford a place close enough to the school. but you may have different schedules. You could wake up your roommate as well. I hope I can find one among my classmates, so we share the same schedule, and he might even give me a ride if we could drive. brilliant. Now listen again. Hey, Stephen, I heard you are going to paris as an exchange student, but you don't seem excited. The school doesn't have an on campus dormitory for exchange students. I'm thinking of renting an apartment. Good idea. but the places is close to campus are expensive, and the affordable ones are too far. Can you take buses? Sometimes I have to stay on campus late for tons of laboratory work and assignments after buses stop running. And that's a point for being close to campus. Why not find a homestay family? You mean living with a local family? Yeah, you get your meals as well. But the problem is my schedule, I might not be able to have dinner at usual time, and I may wake people up when I come back late. That's true. Now my only hope is to find a roommate together. We can afford a place close enough to the school. but you may have different schedules. You could wake up your roommate as well. I hope I can find one among my classmates, so we share the same schedule, and he might even give me a ride if he could drive. Brilliant questions seventeen, what are the speakers mainly talking about? Eighteen, according to the man, why does he have to live outside the campus? Nineteen, what does the man expect his life to be like in paris? Twenty, why does the man want to choose a classmate as his roommate? That's the end of listening . comprehensions听力部分到此结束。 2022年上海市高考英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A box of cupcakes. B. A soup spoon. C. A packet of sugar. D. A cup of coffee. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Interested. D. Crazy. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Giving awards to students. B. Buying a gift for his son. C. Selling new toys to customers. D. Interviewing to become a train driver. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She shouldn’t go out with a notebook. B. She should have been more careful and she can only blame herself. C. She should pay attention to the notebook on the bench. D. She shouldn’t take the loss of her notebook to heart. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Their travel plan in the city. B. Their exhibition in the gallery. C. Their experience in the memorial hall. D. Their journey in the city map. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a chess teacher. B. She is indifferent to her chess progress. C. She signed up for the chess game. D. She hasn’t touched the chessboard for a long time. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The light settings. B. The stage background. C. The performance style. D. The storyline. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The open-air movie in the forest park. B. The flower show in the forest park. C. The closing performance of sports meeting. D. The opening performance of the forest park. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Kate is a social phobic (恐惧的) patient. B. Kate’s distinct personality is normal. C. Kate often loses her temper with her classmates. D. Kate’s strange personality affects her daily life. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He needs to fix the budget of the hotel. B. He must get to Beijing on time. C. He can stay at her parents’ house. D. He wants to visit his parents in Beijing. Section B Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. About 1，400. B. About 3，000. C. About 1，900. D. About 2，000. 12. A. It has a long history. B. It has not yet achieved commercial success. C. It only sells fruit at its stall. D. It started from nothing. 13. A. The success story of Kitten Coffee. B. The history of Everbrown. C. The secret of business success. D. The advantages of diversified products. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. It needs scissors to be opened for use. B. It has launched more than 30 products. C. It is material — efficient and environmentally friendly. D. Its reputation among sellers is very poor. 15. A. It has put forward effective initiatives. B. It has reached the peak of product upgrading. C. It has offered a wide range of products. D. It only introduces the product through video clips. 16. A. Diversified design of packaging materials. B. Working hard to promote product development. C. Innovative initiatives of e-commerce pioneers. D. A new way of packaging: that’s frustration-free. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17 A. The man’s trip in Paris as an exchange student. B. The man’s accommodation in Paris as an exchange student. C. The man’s course plan in Paris as an exchange student. D. The man’s daily diet in Paris as an exchange student. 18. A. The talent apartment outside the school is cheaper. B. The host family is willing to provide him with accommodation. C. The roommate has shared an apartment with him. D. The school doesn’t have an on-campus dormitory for exchange students. 19. A. He may want to visit famous scenic spots. B. He may have a tight schedule. C. He may want his family to accompany him. D. He may need a chauffeur to take him to school. 20. A. He likes to finish the experiment with his classmates. B. He wants to split the rent to save money. C. He hopes to have the same schedule with his roommate. D. He just wants to hitchhike (搭顺风车)to class. II.GrammarandVocabulary SectionA After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to aid ____21____ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took ____22____(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur？ Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies ____23____ (know) as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, ____24____(develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the ____25____(exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects？ Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine ____26____ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, ____27____ they may use to enhance a firm. Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful？ Answer: ____28____ an entrepreneur you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style____29____(characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short-and long-term goals. ____30____ successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short-and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. SectionB Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. pursuits B. interests C. comparable D. innovation E. schedule F. options G. realization H. routes I. subjects J. recipes K. motivated Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat unique talents that led to global ____31____ in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as “Big C creativity” (or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world. But while we can’t all be Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein,many people do enjoy creative activity — through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of ____32____ are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be ____33____ with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing. On top of hobbies and ____34____, we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different ____35____ to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our ____36____ looks full. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider ____37____ and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”. While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace. Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts ____38____, but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science. But there is a growing ____39____ that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects. For instance engineering provides opportunities to be Creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what ____40____ those involved. III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase, or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um, uh, er, ah, like, okay, right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical (词汇的) content,” notes linguist Barbara A. Fox, “they can play a strategic syntactic (句法的) role in a(n) ____41____ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase (整句字) ____42____ the context. “Hey, hey, shh, shh, shh. Come on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional ____43____. Um, you know, I am, I’m fine with that, but...other people”. Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these ‘hesitation forms’ — the sounds of stammering (uh), stuttering (um, um), throat-clearing (ahem!), stalling (well, um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching words or ____44____ for the next thought. You know that “y’ know” is among the most common of these ____45____ forms. Its meaning is not the imperious “you understand” or even the old interrogatory “do you get it?” It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase, ____46____ to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word. These staples of modern filler communication — I mean, y’ know, like — can also be used as “tee﹣up words”. In old times, pointer phrases or tee-up words were “get this, would you believe? and are you ready?”. The ____47____ of these rib-nudging phrases was — are you ready — to make the point, to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow... If the ____48____ is to tee up a point, we should accept “y’ know” and its friends as a mildly ____49____ spoken punctuation, the articulated colon (冒号) that signals “focus on this”… If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at all? What ______50______ the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all? Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds? For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker______51______. Recent research at Columbia University suggests another reason. Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when ______52______ for the next word. To investigate this ______53______, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices ______54______ to the speaker. They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy, where the subject matter is less ______55______ and more open to word choices. 41. A. undertaking B. discovering C. disliking D. unfolding 42. A. depending on B. holding up C. taking over D. arranging for 43. A. appliances B. substances C. disturbances D. finances 44. A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account 45. A. perseverance B. complexity C. hesitation D. obligation 46. A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended 47. A. interest B. experience C. advantage D. function 48. A. architecture B. purpose C. completion D. random 49. A. annoying B. striking C. entertaining D. embarrassing 50. A. oppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. motivates 51. A. danger B. anxiety C. figure D. sculpture 52. A. bothering B. inspecting C. searching D. accomplishing 53. A. idea B. chance C. basis D. feedback 54. A. feasible B. credible C. considerable D. available 55. A. well-matched B. well-defined C. well-bred D. well-perceived Section B Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread. Contemporary artist Nick Smith creates pixelated (像素化的) works with hand placed colour-chips, synonymous with colour swatches (色块), cleverly combining text and image to create interesting and fascinating collaged (拼贴的) works. With a previous career in Interior Design spanning 11 years, Nick references his concept design background throughout his work, reworking the design aesthetic using unique colour swatches in hand-made collages, placing his work firmly in the fine art category. From his first collage experiment back in 2011 of Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’, when he assembled a tessellation (镶嵌技术) of swatches as a challenge, this eventually inspired his career as an artist and determined his unique style he is now known for. The multi-layered element of his work, which marries image and word, allows Nick to explore complex art-historical concepts. The text employed is often narrative, which can be read in sequence adding another element of intrigue and interest to the work. This additional element of text, placed under the empty space of each swatch, creates either complimentary or subversive meanings. Nick deliberately leaves these word/image constructions open to viewer interpretation, sparking new debates and meanings. Each P-series, such as Psycolourgy 2015, Purgatory 2019, explores complicatedly researched concepts, which are always the crucial starting point for each new series of work. Producing large-scale works to micro-chip collages, and multiple sell out print editions, Nick continues to develop his popular and recognisable art. PSYCOLOURGY — January 2015 Lawrence Alkin Gallery, London Smith’s debut solo exhibition with Lawrence Alkin Gallery in Soho, London, launched his unique visual reworking of classic paintings from the 20th Century canon. Universally known works, including David Hockney’s ‘The Bigger Splash’, Andy Warhol’s ‘Soup Cans’ and Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Mona Lisa’ were all recast, creating original collages that enquire ideas of depiction, digitalisation and recognition. A sell out show, with numerous successful subsequent print releases, Psycolourgy forged Smith’s path to a place among Britain’s notable contemporary artists. PURGATORY — December 2019 Context, Art Miami Purgatory is a shiny, sticky, glossy exploration of our societies attitude and approach to our excess, addictions and desires. Excerpts from Dante’s Purgatory are woven through colourful works depicting popular covetable consumables, creating symbolic representations of the seven sins. Dante explores possible penance (忏悔) for our earthly suffering leading to spiritual growth.The results of these pairings offer a humorous, nostalgic and subversive opportunity to question our choices, our history and our future. 56. What made Nick launch his art career? A. His deep love of fascinating collaged works. B. His first collage work Warhol’s ‘Marilyn’. C. The challenge of piecing a tessellation of swatches. D. The collage experiment dating back to 2012. 57. Which of the following statements about the text Nick uses is true? A. His text contains concepts of art. B. His text is usually illustrative. C. His text can be read sequentially. D. His text elements are very simple. 58. What do we know about PSYCOLOURGY? A. It opened Smith’s unique visual reinvention of classic 21st-century paintings. B. David Hockney’s ‘Mona Lisa’ has been recreated by Lawrence Alkin Gallery. C. The original collages affirm the ideas of depiction, digitisation and recognition. D. It opened Smith’s path to becoming one of Britain’s leading contemporary artists. 59. What is the topic of this passage? A. Some useful ways to create collaged works. B. The life of contemporary artist Nick Smith. C. Information about Psycolourgy and Purgatory. D. The introduction to Nick Smith’s works. The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall process is well established, but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven or disproven through testing. Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to observe something that you would like to learn about or ask a question that you would like answered. These can be specific or general. Some examples would be “I observe that our total available network bandwidth drops at noon every weekday” or “How can we increase our website registration numbers?” Taking the time to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps. Gather background information. This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question. Create a hypothesis A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation or question. If proven later, it can become a fact. Some examples would be “Our employees watching online videos during lunch is using our internet bandwidth” or “Our website visitors don’t see our registration form.” Create a prediction and perform a test. Create a testable prediction based on the hypothesis. The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using empirical analysis. It is also important to control for other variables during the test. Some examples would be “If we block video-sharing sites, our available bandwidth will not go down significantly during lunch” or “If we make our registration box bigger, a greater percentage of visitors will register for our website than before the change.” Analyze the results and draw a conclusion. Use the metrics established before the test see if the results match the prediction. For example, “After blocking video-sharing sites, our bandwidth utilization only went down by 10% from before; this is not enough of a change to be the primary cause of the network congestion” or “After increasing the size of the registration box,the percent of sign-ups went from 2% of total page views to 5%, showing that making the box larger results in more registrations.” Share the conclusion or decide what question to ask next: Document the results of your experiment. By sharing the results with others, you also increase the total body of knowledge available. Your experiment may have also led to other questions,or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that. For example, “Because user activity is not the cause of excessive bandwidth use, we now suspect that an automated process is running at noon every day.” 60. What is the important role of collecting background information? A. Make full preparation for the research questions. B. Understand the knowledge of existing research results. C. Provide evidence to refute the research conclusion. D. Encourage researchers to reflect deeply on their work. 61. In which case would it be necessary to create a new hypothesis for retesting? A. The research hypothesis has been fully proved. B. The research results lead to other related issues. C. The scope of test data needs to be expanded again. D. The background investigation is not objective enough. 62. What can we infer from this passage? A. Creating a question will help you in the following step. B. Collecting information includes research on an unknown subject. C. The test should establish a change that cannot be measured easily. D. You may need to create a new hypothesis if the old one is overturned. Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows, methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve on existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean？ A. Persuasibility. B. Scarcity. C. Generality. D. Practicability. 64. What is the purpose of business innovation？ A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C. Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65. Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C. They can bring huge commercial benefits. D. They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. SectionC Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed. When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa.They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months. On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania. ____67____ The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence. Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. ____68____ On November 4, 1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips. This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries. ____69____ On hearing of Jane’s observation, Leakey famously says: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. ____70____ “It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities. Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane’s work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane’s life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic, “My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.” A. But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B. Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C. These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D. So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E. However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee, carrying it with her everywhere. F. Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names. IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is there a correlation between high IQ and creative genius? Really , the phrasing of the question contradicts very much correlation, as “creativity” is in no way measured through IQ standardized testing, and creativity is the greatest determinant of a genius as, like you say , it is a genius. Innovation upon any subject requires a drive to create. As ones IQ increases, there is an increased probability that they are a genius because their level of creativity has a higher probability of ascending (升高) them to genius level. However if the odds are against them, there is an average probability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are composed of different mental constructs as IQ measures a standard comprehension level, while creativity measures the way in which this comprehension is used. For example , if your IQ is 180, the percentage that you are a genius is subtracted by the amount of creativity necessary to become a genius. This is inductive of the influence that the brain has on awareness. The brain gains perceptive awareness upon “creating thoughts in a continuous cyclic process, and if you were very “intelligent” but could not generate thoughts, you could not be an intellectual being. However, one who is alive can never stop thinking, so the correlation of IQ and genius would objectively appear as a negative exponential function. There are few exceptionally creative people out there, just as there are few exceptionally intelligent people, and one does not occur with the other. Possessing a high level of intelligence is a platform of understanding for the creative thinking skills to make up originality. When one bears informal thinking skills, they typically occupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allow one to make sense of the resultant creative output within its surrounding context of knowledge. However, not all “geniuses” from our subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels of creativity. One's level of intelligence can be so high that their platform of understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lower levels of intelligence must use creativity in order to attain a sort of qualitative equivalence. Examples of people like this throughout history include the likes of John von Neumann and Christopher Langan. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 每逢节假日，我们都会去郊区露营，为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 74. 切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流才能见效。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 75. 这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁荣之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路。（as...as）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ VI.GuidedWriting 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假使你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式里选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。必须包含： (1)你的选择; (2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$