精品解析：2025届北京市朝阳区高三下学期4月六校联考英语试题

2025北京朝阳高三4月六校联考 英语 2025.04 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共9页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，共30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dave had always loved the ocean. You wouldn’t believe how excited he was at Christmas when seeing a gift-wrapped surfboard. But when he began to surf, something scary happened. Dave thought he knew the water well, but a big wave ____1____ him away. Dave felt powerless against the ____2____ in the deep water and lost confidence. Just then another surfer paddled up beside him. “Can I help you?” he asked. Dave ____3____ him. It was Mike. “I can help you back to shore.” he continued, “First, you need to let go of that fear and relax a little.” Dave began to relax his grip. “Good,” said Mike. “Let the wave pick you up, then ____4____ your weight forward. As you start to build up speed, move your ____5____ back until you feel balanced. Just enjoy the ride.” When Dave reached the ____6____ near the shore, he was bursting with excitement, fascinated that the current which had terrified him was seen as a helpful way by Mike. He had ____7____ this. He was right to be ____8____ of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth. “Looks like you don’t need me any longer,” said Mike. “You are a professional. Have fun.” Dave took a last wave, ____9____ it confidently to the shore. Watching the signs of the tide and the size of the waves, he realized they hadn’t changed. It was he who was really different—stronger and more confident. The previous ____10____ self-doubt had given way to joy and exhilaration. 1. A. put B. swept C. gave D. attracted 2. A. beach B. seaweed C. shore D. current 3. A. recognized B. challenged C. questioned D. joined 4. A. take B. load C. bear D. shift 5. A. weight B. focus C. leg D. hand 6. A. sands B. shallows C. boats D. tents 7. A. quit B. shared C. doubted D. grasped 8. A. cautious B. tired C. afraid D. sceptical 9. A. fighting B. riding C. breaking D. beating 10. A. self-respect B. self-confidence C. self-criticism D. self-doubt 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Enhancing self-discipline begins with intentional habits. Setting goals ____11____ (build) consistency is the first step. For example, practicing daily routines strengthens a sense of ____12____ (responsible). When a person prioritizes tasks effectively, productivity ____13____ (increase). Additionally, studying successful ____14____ (strategy) from experts helps refine self-control methods. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In a quiet town, there stood an old square that held generations’ memories. The square, ____15____ locals once celebrated festivals and shared stories, gradually wore out. Last year, the town government decided to restore it. After careful renovation, the square ____16____(transform) into a vibrant public area. When ____17____(interview) about the renewed space, a lifelong resident said, “It’s both familiar and new—like our town’s spirit reborn.” Now, it buzzes with laughter, markets, and community events. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Dr. Emma Carter, a researcher in educational psychology, consistently goes ____18____ conventional research boundaries. ____19____ (specialize) in adolescent motivation, she has designed innovative programs to support students’ emotional resilience. Her latest project explores ____20____ schools and families can collaborate to nurture teenagers’ self-regulation skills, earning recognition from both academic and educational circles. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节; 共38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A Carlow is a charming town located in the southeastern region of Ireland. It is often referred to as a hidden gem due to its rich history, beautiful landscapes, and friendly community. Whether you are a history lover, a nature enthusiast, or someone looking for a relaxing getaway, Carlow has something to offer everyone. Historical Attractions Carlow boasts a wealth of historical sites that date back thousands of years. The Carlow Castle, built in the 13th century, is one of the most iconic landmarks in the town. Although only the ruins remain, the castle still stands as a testament to the town’s medieval past. Another must-see site is the Carlow Gaol, a former prison that has been converted into a museum. Visitors can explore the cells and learn about the lives of the prisoners who were once held there. Natural Beauty Nature lovers will be delighted by the stunning landscapes that surround Carlow. The town is nestled in the beautiful River Barrow valley, making it an ideal destination for walking, cycling, and fishing. The Carlow Walking Festival, held annually in May, offers a variety of guided walks that showcase the best of the town’s natural beauty. For those who prefer a more relaxing experience, a boat trip along the River Barrow is highly recommended. Cultural Events Carlow is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. The town hosts a number of festivals and events throughout the year, including the Carlow Arts Festival in June and the Carlow Food Festival in September. These events attract visitors from all over Ireland and beyond, offering a unique opportunity to experience the town’s rich cultural heritage. Accommodation and Dining When it comes to accommodation Carlow offers a range of options to suit every budget. From cozy bed and breakfasts to luxurious hotels, you are sure to find a place that meets your needs. The town is also home to a variety of restaurants and cafes, where you can enjoy delicious local and international cuisine. Be sure to try the famous Carlow apples, which are used in many of the town’s dishes. Getting There Carlow is easily accessible by both road and rail. It is located just a short drive from Dublin, making it an ideal day trip destination. The town also has a train station with regular services to Dublin and other major cities in Ireland. For More Information For more information about Carlow and its attractions, visit the official tourism website at www.tourismcarlow.com. You can also contact the Carlow Tourist Information Centre at+353(0)59 913 0100. 21. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Carlow Gaol? A. It serves as a historical prison still in use. B. It is a museum showcasing the history of Carlow. C. It is a cultural center for hosting festivals and events. D. It is a site to explore former prisoners’ lives through cell tours. 22. What can be learned about Carlow from the passage? A. Carlow is located far from major cities in Ireland. B. Carlow has a well-developed transportation system. C. Carlow is primarily known for its historical significance. D. Carlow is a popular destination for international tourists. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history of Carlow. B. To describe the natural beauty of Carlow. C. To promote Carlow as a tourist destination. D. To provide information on cultural events in Carlow. B The image of that staircase never left my mind. It had been forty years since I graduated high school, but the staircase haunted my memories. Boys would sit on both sides of the staircase, rating the girls as we walked by. If they thought a girl was really ugly, they barked. Every time I walked up or down those stairs, the barks, woofs, and laughter rang in my ears. “Just ignore them,” my mother advised. And I did. On the surface. But inside the painful message that I was ugly rooted deep into my soul. Eventually, I graduated, got accepted to college on the West Coast, and left small-town Colorado behind me. I earned a degree in Communications, launched a rewarding career as a writer and teacher, got married, and raised two amazing boys. But when I looked in the mirror, the doubts returned. Then I got an invitation to my fortieth high school reunion. I didn’t like high school, but I wanted to go back and tell those boys off. I wanted to tell them how hurtful and unkind they were. And I wanted to show them they were wrong. I had a husband, a family and all the things they’d made me feel I wasn’t worthy of. I practiced my speech in my mind as I ran errands (差事), cooked dinner, and exercised at senior aerobics. In September, I drove down to the town where I’d spent my high school years. I put on my favorite blouse, touched up my make-up, and steeled myself for the Friday night opening reception. Maybe it’s true that memory is the first thing to go. On the night, people greeted me politely, drinks in hand, flattering me with “You haven’t changed at all.” I’d look at the face and study the nametag with the graduation photo, but it didn’t ring a bell most of the time. Had I completely erased that whole period of my life from my memory? Was I at the wrong reunion? No, some women remembered my mother being their Girl Scout leader. Others had kind things to say about my father, a local college professor. My planned speech wilted (枯萎) on my lips. Instead, I chatted breezily about my two grown sons, living in Seattle, and writing résumés for Boeing workers. People were nice enough, but aside from a couple of friends, I felt like I was talking to strangers. It was pointless to hold a grudge (怨恨) against people I couldn’t even recognize. I was only hurting myself by replaying those memories in my mind. I knew I needed to forgive. A dark sorrow lifted from my soul. I felt happier, more self-confident and attractive. Back home our senior fitness instructor noticed that I was wearing a new T-shirt. “You are really rockin’ that shirt,” she said. I smiled. She’d said that before, but this time I believed it. 24. Why did the author decide to attend the 40th high school reunion? A. To meet her old teachers. B. To prove her career success. C To apologize for past misunderstandings. D. To confront hurtful boys and show her worth. 25. What can we learn from this passage? A. The author fought against her bullies directly. B. The reunion attendees were mostly strangers. C. The author’s career success healed her trauma. D. The instructor’s compliment was first genuinely embraced. 26. What can be inferred about the author’s feelings after the high school reunion? A. Confused and sad. B. Angry and proud. C. Relieved and confident. D. Disappointed and regretful. 27. Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Letting Go B. A Surprising Reunion Letter C. Finding Friends in Strangers D. The Painful High School Years C Give a group of scientists the same data and the same research question, and they should come up with similar answers — in theory. But they don’t, according to a paper published last month in BMC Biology, which finds that 246 ecologists analyzing the same data sets reached widely varying conclusions, with some finding effects in totally opposite directions. The paper is the latest in a line of “many analyst” projects that examine how results can vary because of scientists’ decisions during data analysis — and the first to study the effects in ecology. Past work has mostly focused on psychology and other behavioral sciences. “I was really excited to see this study. I have noticed an unfortunate hubris self-confidence in other domains that say, well, we have our house in better order.” says University of Bern metascientist Ian Hussey. Elliot Gould, a Ph.D. student at the University of Melbourne, was skeptical that ecology has its house in better order. Ecologists deal with complex systems that contain a huge amount of natural variability and have to make many decisions about what kind of statistical analyses to run. To find out how much those decisions affect the results, Gould recruited 246 ecologists, working in 174 teams, to answer two different research questions, each based on a single data set. The first question asked how the growth of blue tit chicks is influenced by competition with siblings in the nest. The analysis teams came up with a wide range of answers: Five found no relationship between brood size and chick size, five found mixed results, and 64 found that chicks grew more slowly if they had more siblings, but with different levels of certainty and effect sizes. The second question is whether the amount of grass cover affected the success and survival of the Eucalyptus seedlings. The teams who analyzed this data set did not agree at all: Eighteen concluded that more grass cover hampered Eucalyptus survival, six said it improved survival, and 31 found the grass had no effect. The findings match up with the results of previous many-analyst studies and show the powerful role of subjective researcher choices in scientific projects. In some cases, there is established best practice to guide analysts — but other choices are more arbitrary. Gould says researchers have to decide which variables to control for and how to deal with missing data, adding that those different choices can kind of multiply. It’s impossible to know whether the problem affects an entire field from just one or two examples, says Eötvös Loránd University metascientist Balazs Aczel. To find out, he is running a project to have multiple analysts each tackle a question from 100 randomly chosen social science papers. But similar findings have popped up in a range of fields — including neuroscience and economics — and suggest “we are facing a very serious issue,” he says. But not all researchers think the findings are so alarming. 28. What does Ian Hussey really mean by his words in Paragraph 2? A. The houses in the University of Bern are in better order. B. The scientists’ decisions in the fields of ecology are in better order. C. The studies in ecology have the same effects as those in behavioral sciences. D. The research on psychology and behavioral sciences are unfortunate hubris. 29. What can we learn from this passage? A. Researchers’ individual choices in scientific studies matter a lot. B. Gould thinks the effects of researchers’ different choices are limited. C. The “many analyst” projects can help ecologists make good conclusions. D. The growth of blue tit chicks is slower when having more siblings in the nest 30. What will the author most probably write after the last paragraph of the article? A. To present the findings of the project that Balazs Aczel is running. B. To explain why the results of “many-analyst” studies are not very severe. C. To introduce the serious effects due to subjective researcher choices. D. To inspire the researchers in the entire field to tackle the analysis problem. D The artificial intelligence (AI) sector has oscillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft collectively poured nearly 200 billion into AI infrastructure in 2024 alone, surpassing the GDP of nations like Hungary or New Zealand. Nvidia, dominating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuation skyrocket to 3.4 trillion as chip sales doubled — a growth rate three times faster than the semiconductor industry average. Meanwhile, server providers like Dell reported unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-on-year, signaling AI’s transformative potential across industries from drug discovery to autonomous driving. Yet beneath the surface, challenges loom. Training advanced AI models consumes staggering energy — equivalent to powering 15 million US households annually — raising concerns about long-term viability (可持续性). In regions like Ireland, data centers already consume 18% of national electricity, straining aging power grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle to meet data-center demands, with delivery delays for AI-optimized servers extending to 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirror past tech bubbles: the $200 billion AI infrastructure spending represents 65% of the 1999 dot-com bubble’s peak investment adjusted for inflation. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence. Amid these mounting pressures, competition is going to further complicates the landscape of AI development. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcore and China’s Cambricon challenge industry leaders by creating compact, energy-efficient AI tools. For instance, startups now offer specialized chips such as Graphcore’s IPU (Intelligence Processing Unit) at 40% lower costs than Nvidia’s products, democratizing access to AI technology. This fragmentation mirrors the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dominance was eroded by agile competitors. Investors, initially infatuated with AI’s promise, grow wary of over-commitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% of shareholders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within two years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 million quarterly losses despite ChatGPT’s success. In addition, the environmental effects make it increasingly urgent to tackle this challenge head-on. Data centers account for 3% of global electricity use — a figure matching aviation’s carbon footprint — projected to triple by 2030. The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals. While companies like Microsoft invest in renewable energy, constructing solar farms to power Arizona data centers, critics demand stricter regulations. The EU’s proposed Artificial Intelligence Act now includes provisions requiring energy transparency for AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.” As the AI sector grapples with escalating energy consumption, ethical controversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crossroads. Its potential to reshape economies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to global GDP by 2030—but unchecked growth risks ecological harm and market instability. The 2024 global AI Governance Summit highlighted the need for international standards, yet consensus remains elusive. But, the path forward requires both technological breakthroughs and a shift in priorities — making carbon-neutral data centers and transparent AI governance essential, not optional. 31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of AI spending, the author is ______. A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. unconcerned 32. What does the word “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI’s environmental costs may reduce its benefits without policy intervention. B. Renewable energy investments can resolve sustainability issues completely. C. Stricter regulations should prioritize ecological protection over market instability. D. Tech companies’ ethical considerations are sufficient to address energy demands. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A AI Investment: Balancing Short-Term Costs and Long-Term Viability B. Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Development C. When Innovation Breeds Chaos: Why AI Development Must Slow Down D. Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transformation Amid Emerging Challenges 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered why some jokes make you burst into uncontrollable laughter while others barely elicit (引出) a smile? The answer lies in the intricate dance between cognitive and emotional processes that occurs when we encounter humor. Let’s start with the cognitive side of things. ____35____ We’re not just passively receiving information; we’re actively processing it, making connections, and trying to make sense of what we’re experiencing. ____36____ The emotional side of humor is equally important and often intertwined with our cognitive processes. When we find something funny, we experience a range of positive emotions—joy, amusement, surprise, and sometimes even a touch of mischievous delight. These emotional responses are what make humor such a powerful force in our lives. Interestingly, the relationship between cognition and emotion in humor isn’t always straightforward. Sometimes, we might understand a joke on a cognitive level but not find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at something without fully understanding why it’s funny. ____37____ Our cognitive and emotional responses to humor aren’t static. ____38____ A joke that had you rolling on the floor as a teenager might elicit nothing more than a groan in your adult years. Conversely you might find yourself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit of wordplay that would have gone right over your head in your younger days. The cognitive and emotional processes involved in humor might seem trivial. ____39____ But when we consider how pervasive humor is in our daily lives, it becomes clear that understanding these processes can have far-reaching implications for our well-being and social interactions. A. After all, it’s just a laugh, right? B. But cognition is only half the story. C. They can change over time as we grow, learn, and experience new things. D. Our brains start to look for patterns and make predictions when we hear a joke. E. Individual differences play a significant role in humor perception and appreciation. F. This complexity is part of what makes humor such a rich area of study for psychologists. G. When we hear a joke or see something funny, our brains shift into high-speed working mode. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Often the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal. If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta based on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some cheap bow-tie noodles and serving them simply with a red sauce. My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our subsequent thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu shaped or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu. Anchoring is everywhere in the retailing world. It’s a way to make customers feel like they’re getting a good deal. People tend to love big stores that offer huge “discounts” off highly inflated (膨胀的) “original” prices that have little to do with the item’s actual value. Studies show that anchoring effects persist no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. They also indicate that anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who should know better. The phenomenon of anchoring shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have an incredible influence on our reasoning. We must make sure that we find effective solutions or we might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by our bias, whether we notice it or not. 40. According to researchers, what is anchoring? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How do retailers take advantage of anchoring? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Anchoring effects can have a big influence on our reasoning, but if the connection between the anchor and the actual decision is weak, the effects will be gone. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can we avoid becoming a victim of anchoring?(In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在学校正在征集关于培养“数字素养”(digital literacy)的做法，他想投稿，发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你的建议； 2．就以上建议给出理由。 注意：1．字数100字左右，字迹工整； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京朝阳高三4月六校联考 英语 2025.04 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共9页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，共30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dave had always loved the ocean. You wouldn’t believe how excited he was at Christmas when seeing a gift-wrapped surfboard. But when he began to surf, something scary happened. Dave thought he knew the water well, but a big wave ____1____ him away. Dave felt powerless against the ____2____ in the deep water and lost confidence. Just then another surfer paddled up beside him. “Can I help you?” he asked. Dave ____3____ him. It was Mike. “I can help you back to shore.” he continued, “First, you need to let go of that fear and relax a little.” Dave began to relax his grip. “Good,” said Mike. “Let the wave pick you up, then ____4____ your weight forward. As you start to build up speed, move your ____5____ back until you feel balanced. Just enjoy the ride.” When Dave reached the ____6____ near the shore, he was bursting with excitement, fascinated that the current which had terrified him was seen as a helpful way by Mike. He had ____7____ this. He was right to be ____8____ of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth. “Looks like you don’t need me any longer,” said Mike. “You are a professional. Have fun.” Dave took a last wave, ____9____ it confidently to the shore. Watching the signs of the tide and the size of the waves, he realized they hadn’t changed. It was he who was really different—stronger and more confident. The previous ____10____ self-doubt had given way to joy and exhilaration. 1. A. put B. swept C. gave D. attracted 2. A. beach B. seaweed C. shore D. current 3. A. recognized B. challenged C. questioned D. joined 4. A. take B. load C. bear D. shift 5. A. weight B. focus C. leg D. hand 6. A. sands B. shallows C. boats D. tents 7. A. quit B. shared C. doubted D. grasped 8. A. cautious B. tired C. afraid D. sceptical 9. A. fighting B. riding C. breaking D. beating 10. A. self-respect B. self-confidence C. self-criticism D. self-doubt 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Dave 冲浪遇挫又在他人帮助下重拾信心的经历。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave以为他很了解这片水域，但一个大浪把他卷走了。A. put放；B. swept扫，卷走；C. gave给；D. attracted吸引。根据“a big wave”和“him away”可知，是大浪把Dave冲走了，sweep away是固定短语，意为“冲走”。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dave在深水中对水流感到无能为力，失去了信心。A. beach海滩；B. seaweed海草；C. shore海岸；D. current水流。根据空后“in the deep water”以及后文“the current which had terrified him”可知，此处是说在深水中无力对抗水流。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave认出了他。A. recognized认出；B. challenged挑战；C. questioned质疑；D. joined加入。根据后文“It was Mike.”可知，Dave认出了来人是Mike。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：让海浪把你托起，然后把你的重心向前移动。A. take拿走；B. load装载；C. bear忍受；D. shift转移，移动。根据空后“your weight forward”可知，冲浪时要把重心向前移动。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你开始加速时，把你的重量向后移，直到你感到平衡。A. weight重量；B. focus焦点；C. leg腿；D. hand手。根据前文“____ your weight forward”可知，前文提到把重心向前移动，这里说加速时要把重心向后移动来保持平衡，与前文的 weight相呼应。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Dave到达岸边的浅水区时，他异常激动，他着迷于Mike把曾经让他害怕的水流看作是一种有用的方式。A. sands沙滩；B. shallows浅水区；C. boats船；D. tents帐篷。根据后文“near the shore”可知，是到达了靠近岸边的浅水区。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他明白了这一点。A. quit放弃；B. shared分享；C. doubted怀疑；D. grasped理解，明白。根据后文“He was right to be ____8____ of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth.”可知，Dave明白了一些冲浪的技巧。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他有理由害怕大浪，但他不再觉得自己力不从心了。A. cautious谨慎的；B. tired疲惫的；C. afraid害怕的；D. sceptical怀疑的。根据前文“something scary happened”以及“the current which had terrified him”可知，Dave之前是害怕大浪的。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dave乘上最后一个浪，自信地踏浪到岸边。A. fighting战斗；B. riding骑；C. breaking打破；D. beating打败。根据前文“Dave took a last wave”可知，Dave乘上最后一个浪到了岸边。ride the wave 是“冲浪，乘浪”的意思。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：先前的自我怀疑已经让位于喜悦和兴奋。A. self-respect自尊；B. self-confidence自信；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-doubt自我怀疑。根据前文“but no longer did he feel out of his depth”可知，Dave不再觉得自己力不从心，即先前的自我怀疑已经消失了。故选D。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Enhancing self-discipline begins with intentional habits. Setting goals ____11____ (build) consistency is the first step. For example, practicing daily routines strengthens a sense of ____12____ (responsible). When a person prioritizes tasks effectively, productivity ____13____ (increase). Additionally, studying successful ____14____ (strategy) from experts helps refine self-control methods. 【答案】11. to build 12. responsibility 13. increases 14. strategies 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了增强自律能力的方法，包括设定目标、坚持日常习惯、有效安排任务以及学习成功策略等。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：设定目标以建立一致性是第一步。句中已有谓语动词is，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，设定目标是为了培养一致性，所以空处应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to build。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，坚持日常习惯可以增强责任感。介词of后需接名词作宾语，responsible的名词为responsibility“责任”，a sense of responsibility“责任感”。故填responsibility。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意当一个人有效地对任务进行优先排序时，生产率就会提高。空处作句子的谓语，根据语境可知，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语productivity是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。 【14题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：此外，向专家学习成功的策略有助于完善自我控制方法。strategy为可数名词，此处表示研究专家们的多种成功策略，应用名词复数形式。故填strategies。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In a quiet town, there stood an old square that held generations’ memories. The square, ____15____ locals once celebrated festivals and shared stories, gradually wore out. Last year, the town government decided to restore it. After careful renovation, the square ____16____(transform) into a vibrant public area. When ____17____(interview) about the renewed space, a lifelong resident said, “It’s both familiar and new—like our town’s spirit reborn.” Now, it buzzes with laughter, markets, and community events. 【答案】15. where 16. was transformed 17. interviewed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了旧广场被翻新后重焕生机的故事。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这个广场，当地人曾经在这里庆祝节日和分享故事，逐渐破败了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The square，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【16题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：经过精心翻新后，这个广场变成了一个充满活力的公共区域。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语the square和transform为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was transformed。 【17题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这个焕然一新的空间时，一位老居民说：“它既熟悉又新颖——就像我们小镇的精神重生了。”当when引导的时间状语从句和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。本句从句的完整结构为“when he was interviewed”，省略后剩下过去分词的形式。故填interviewed。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Dr. Emma Carter, a researcher in educational psychology, consistently goes ____18____ conventional research boundaries. ____19____ (specialize) in adolescent motivation, she has designed innovative programs to support students’ emotional resilience. Her latest project explores ____20____ schools and families can collaborate to nurture teenagers’ self-regulation skills, earning recognition from both academic and educational circles. 【答案】18. beyond 19. Specializing 20. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文记叙文。文章主要讲述了教育心理学研究员艾玛・卡特博士的研究工作。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：教育心理学研究者艾玛・卡特博士不断突破传统的研究界限。go beyond表示“超出，突破”为固定短语，符合语境。故填beyond。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她专攻青少年动机研究，设计了创新项目来支持学生的情绪恢复能力。句中已有谓语动词has designed，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，she和specialize为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Specializing。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她的最新项目探索了学校和家庭如何合作培养青少年的自我调节能力，获得了学术界和教育界的认可。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“探索学校和家庭如何合作”，需用连接副词how引导该从句。故填how。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节; 共38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) A Carlow is a charming town located in the southeastern region of Ireland. It is often referred to as a hidden gem due to its rich history, beautiful landscapes, and friendly community. Whether you are a history lover, a nature enthusiast, or someone looking for a relaxing getaway, Carlow has something to offer everyone. Historical Attractions Carlow boasts a wealth of historical sites that date back thousands of years. The Carlow Castle, built in the 13th century, is one of the most iconic landmarks in the town. Although only the ruins remain, the castle still stands as a testament to the town’s medieval past. Another must-see site is the Carlow Gaol, a former prison that has been converted into a museum. Visitors can explore the cells and learn about the lives of the prisoners who were once held there. Natural Beauty Nature lovers will be delighted by the stunning landscapes that surround Carlow. The town is nestled in the beautiful River Barrow valley, making it an ideal destination for walking, cycling, and fishing. The Carlow Walking Festival, held annually in May, offers a variety of guided walks that showcase the best of the town’s natural beauty. For those who prefer a more relaxing experience, a boat trip along the River Barrow is highly recommended. Cultural Events Carlow is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. The town hosts a number of festivals and events throughout the year, including the Carlow Arts Festival in June and the Carlow Food Festival in September. These events attract visitors from all over Ireland and beyond, offering a unique opportunity to experience the town’s rich cultural heritage. Accommodation and Dining When it comes to accommodation, Carlow offers a range of options to suit every budget. From cozy bed and breakfasts to luxurious hotels, you are sure to find a place that meets your needs. The town is also home to a variety of restaurants and cafes, where you can enjoy delicious local and international cuisine. Be sure to try the famous Carlow apples, which are used in many of the town’s dishes. Getting There Carlow is easily accessible by both road and rail. It is located just a short drive from Dublin, making it an ideal day trip destination. The town also has a train station with regular services to Dublin and other major cities in Ireland. For More Information For more information about Carlow and its attractions, visit the official tourism website at www.tourismcarlow.com. You can also contact the Carlow Tourist Information Centre at+353(0)59 913 0100. 21. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Carlow Gaol? A. It serves as a historical prison still in use. B. It is a museum showcasing the history of Carlow. C It is a cultural center for hosting festivals and events. D. It is a site to explore former prisoners’ lives through cell tours. 22. What can be learned about Carlow from the passage? A. Carlow is located far from major cities in Ireland. B. Carlow has a well-developed transportation system. C. Carlow is primarily known for its historical significance. D. Carlow is a popular destination for international tourists. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history of Carlow. B. To describe the natural beauty of Carlow. C. To promote Carlow as a tourist destination. D. To provide information on cultural events in Carlow. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱尔兰东南部小镇Carlow的旅游资源和特色。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Historical Attractions部分中“Another must-see site is the Carlow Gaol, a former prison that has been converted into a museum. Visitors can explore the cells and learn about the lives of the prisoners who were once held there.(另一个必看景点是Carlow Gaol，这是一座已被改造成博物馆的前监狱。游客可以参观牢房，了解曾经被关押在那里的囚犯的生活)”可知，Carlow Gaol是一个通过牢房游览来探索前囚犯生活的遗址。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Getting There部分中“Carlow is easily accessible by both road and rail. It is located just a short drive from Dublin, making it an ideal day trip destination. The town also has a train station with regular services to Dublin and other major cities in Ireland.(Carlow通过公路和铁路都很容易到达。它距离都柏林只有很短的车程，是理想的一日游目的地。该镇还有一个火车站，有定期开往都柏林和爱尔兰其他主要城市的服务)”可知，Carlow拥有发达的交通系统。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Carlow is a charming town located in the southeastern region of Ireland. It is often referred to as a hidden gem due to its rich history, beautiful landscapes, and friendly community. Whether you are a history lover, a nature enthusiast, or someone looking for a relaxing getaway, Carlow has something to offer everyone.(Carlow是爱尔兰东南部一个迷人的小镇。因其丰富的历史、美丽的风景和友好的社区，它常被称为一颗隐藏的宝石。无论你是历史爱好者、自然爱好者，还是寻找放松之旅的人，Carlow都能为每个人提供一些东西。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Carlow的历史遗迹、自然美景、文化活动、住宿餐饮和交通方式，旨在推广Carlow作为一个旅游目的地。故选C。 B The image of that staircase never left my mind. It had been forty years since I graduated high school, but the staircase haunted my memories. Boys would sit on both sides of the staircase, rating the girls as we walked by. If they thought a girl was really ugly, they barked. Every time I walked up or down those stairs, the barks, woofs, and laughter rang in my ears. “Just ignore them,” my mother advised. And I did. On the surface. But inside the painful message that I was ugly rooted deep into my soul. Eventually, I graduated, got accepted to college on the West Coast, and left small-town Colorado behind me. I earned a degree in Communications, launched a rewarding career as a writer and teacher, got married, and raised two amazing boys. But when I looked in the mirror, the doubts returned. Then I got an invitation to my fortieth high school reunion. I didn’t like high school, but I wanted to go back and tell those boys off. I wanted to tell them how hurtful and unkind they were. And I wanted to show them they were wrong. I had a husband, a family and all the things they’d made me feel I wasn’t worthy of. I practiced my speech in my mind as I ran errands (差事), cooked dinner, and exercised at senior aerobics. In September, I drove down to the town where I’d spent my high school years. I put on my favorite blouse, touched up my make-up, and steeled myself for the Friday night opening reception. Maybe it’s true that memory is the first thing to go. On the night, people greeted me politely, drinks in hand, flattering me with “You haven’t changed at all.” I’d look at the face and study the nametag with the graduation photo, but it didn’t ring a bell most of the time. Had I completely erased that whole period of my life from my memory? Was I at the wrong reunion? No, some women remembered my mother being their Girl Scout leader. Others had kind things to say about my father, a local college professor. My planned speech wilted (枯萎) on my lips. Instead, I chatted breezily about my two grown sons, living in Seattle, and writing résumés for Boeing workers. People were nice enough, but aside from a couple of friends, I felt like I was talking to strangers. It was pointless to hold a grudge (怨恨) against people I couldn’t even recognize. I was only hurting myself by replaying those memories in my mind. I knew I needed to forgive. A dark sorrow lifted from my soul. I felt happier, more self-confident and attractive. Back home, our senior fitness instructor noticed that I was wearing a new T-shirt. “You are really rockin’ that shirt,” she said. I smiled. She’d said that before, but this time I believed it. 24. Why did the author decide to attend the 40th high school reunion? A. To meet her old teachers. B. To prove her career success. C. To apologize for past misunderstandings. D. To confront hurtful boys and show her worth. 25. What can we learn from this passage? A. The author fought against her bullies directly. B. The reunion attendees were mostly strangers. C. The author’s career success healed her trauma. D. The instructor’s compliment was first genuinely embraced. 26. What can be inferred about the author’s feelings after the high school reunion? A. Confused and sad. B. Angry and proud. C. Relieved and confident. D. Disappointed and regretful. 27. Which is the best title for the passage? A. The Power of Letting Go B. A Surprising Reunion Letter C. Finding Friends in Strangers D. The Painful High School Years 【答案】24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者参加高中同学会，通过释怀过去的伤痛，重获快乐和自信的故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Then I got an invitation to my fortieth high school reunion. I didn’t like high school, but I wanted to go back and tell those boys off. I wanted to tell them how hurtful and unkind they were. And I wanted to show them they were wrong. I had a husband, a family and all the things they’d made me feel I wasn’t worthy of. (然后我收到了我第四十次高中同学会的邀请。我不喜欢高中，但我想回去告诉那些男孩。我想告诉他们他们有多伤人、多不友善。我想让他们知道他们错了。我有一个丈夫，一个家庭，还有所有那些他们让我觉得我不配拥有的东西)”可知，作者决定参加40周年高中同学会是为了对抗那些伤害过她的男孩，并向他们展示她的价值。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Back home, our senior fitness instructor noticed that I was wearing a new T-shirt. “You are really rockin’ that shirt,” she said.(回家后，我们的高级健身教练注意到我穿了一件新T恤。“你这件T恤穿得太棒了，”她说。我笑了。她以前也这么说过，但这次我相信了)”可知，健身教练的赞美第一次被作者真正接受。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It was pointless to hold a grudge (怨恨) against people I couldn’t even recognize. I was only hurting myself by replaying those memories in my mind. I knew I needed to forgive. A dark sorrow lifted from my soul. I felt happier, more self-confident and attractive. (对那些我甚至都认不出来的人怀恨在心是毫无意义的。我只是在脑海中重复那些回忆来伤害自己。我知道我需要原谅。一种深深的悲伤从我的灵魂中消散。我感到更快乐，更自信，更有吸引力)”可知，作者在同学会后感到如释重负和自信。故选C。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是倒数第三段“I knew I needed to forgive. A dark sorrow lifted from my soul. I felt happier, more self-confident and attractive. (我知道我需要原谅。一种深深的悲伤从我的灵魂中消散。我感到更快乐，更自信，更有吸引力)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过原谅过去伤害过她的人，释放了内心的痛苦，变得更加快乐和自信。因此，最好的标题是“释怀的力量”。故选A。 C Give a group of scientists the same data and the same research question, and they should come up with similar answers — in theory. But they don’t, according to a paper published last month in BMC Biology, which finds that 246 ecologists analyzing the same data sets reached widely varying conclusions, with some finding effects in totally opposite directions. The paper is the latest in a line of “many analyst” projects that examine how results can vary because of scientists’ decisions during data analysis — and the first to study the effects in ecology. Past work has mostly focused on psychology and other behavioral sciences. “I was really excited to see this study. I have noticed an unfortunate hubris self-confidence in other domains that say, well, we have our house in better order.” says University of Bern metascientist Ian Hussey. Elliot Gould, a Ph.D. student at the University of Melbourne, was skeptical that ecology has its house in better order. Ecologists deal with complex systems that contain a huge amount of natural variability and have to make many decisions about what kind of statistical analyses to run. To find out how much those decisions affect the results, Gould recruited 246 ecologists, working in 174 teams, to answer two different research questions, each based on a single data set. The first question asked how the growth of blue tit chicks is influenced by competition with siblings in the nest. The analysis teams came up with a wide range of answers: Five found no relationship between brood size and chick size, five found mixed results, and 64 found that chicks grew more slowly if they had more siblings, but with different levels of certainty and effect sizes. The second question is whether the amount of grass cover affected the success and survival of the Eucalyptus seedlings. The teams who analyzed this data set did not agree at all: Eighteen concluded that more grass cover hampered Eucalyptus survival, six said it improved survival, and 31 found the grass had no effect. The findings match up with the results of previous many-analyst studies and show the powerful role of subjective researcher choices in scientific projects. In some cases, there is established best practice to guide analysts — but other choices are more arbitrary. Gould says researchers have to decide which variables to control for and how to deal with missing data, adding that those different choices can kind of multiply. It’s impossible to know whether the problem affects an entire field from just one or two examples, says Eötvös Loránd University metascientist Balazs Aczel. To find out, he is running a project to have multiple analysts each tackle a question from 100 randomly chosen social science papers. But similar findings have popped up in a range of fields — including neuroscience and economics — and suggest “we are facing a very serious issue,” he says. But not all researchers think the findings are so alarming. 28. What does Ian Hussey really mean by his words in Paragraph 2? A. The houses in the University of Bern are in better order. B. The scientists’ decisions in the fields of ecology are in better order. C. The studies in ecology have the same effects as those in behavioral sciences. D. The research on psychology and behavioral sciences are unfortunate hubris. 29. What can we learn from this passage? A. Researchers’ individual choices in scientific studies matter a lot. B Gould thinks the effects of researchers’ different choices are limited. C. The “many analyst” projects can help ecologists make good conclusions. D. The growth of blue tit chicks is slower when having more siblings in the nest 30. What will the author most probably write after the last paragraph of the article? A. To present the findings of the project that Balazs Aczel is running. B. To explain why the results of “many-analyst” studies are not very severe. C. To introduce the serious effects due to subjective researcher choices. D. To inspire the researchers in the entire field to tackle the analysis problem. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学研究中由于科学家的主观选择导致数据分析结果差异巨大的现象，并通过具体案例展示了这种现象在生态学研究中的影响。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper is the latest in a line of “many analyst” projects that examine how results can vary because of scientists’ decisions during data analysis — and the first to study the effects in ecology. Past work has mostly focused on psychology and other behavioral sciences. I was really excited to see this study. I have noticed an unfortunate hubris self-confidence in other domains that say, well, we have our house in better order. (这篇论文是一系列“许多分析师”项目中最新的一篇，这些项目研究了科学家在数据分析过程中的决定如何导致结果的变化，也是第一篇研究生态影响的论文。过去的工作主要集中在心理学和其他行为科学上。我真的很高兴看到这项研究。我注意到在其他领域有一种不幸的傲慢自信，他们说，嗯，我们的领域秩序更好)”可知，看到研究生态学影响的论文后，Ian Hussey注意到心理学和行为科学研究存在一种不幸的傲慢自信，而生态学领域中，科学家的决策秩序更好。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The findings match up with the results of previous many-analyst studies and show the powerful role of subjective researcher choices in scientific projects. (这些发现与之前许多分析师研究的结果相匹配，表明了研究人员在科学项目中的主观选择起着重要作用)”可知，研究人员在科学研究中的个人选择很重要。故选A项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But similar findings have popped up in a range of fields — including neuroscience and economics — and suggest “we are facing a very serious issue,” he says. But not all researchers think the findings are so alarming. (但他说，类似的发现出现在一系列领域，包括神经科学和经济学，并表明“我们正面临一个非常严重的问题”。但并非所有研究人员都认为这些发现如此令人担忧)”可知，接下来作者可能会承接上文，解释为什么许多分析师研究的结果并不是非常严重。故选B。 D The artificial intelligence (AI) sector has oscillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft collectively poured nearly 200 billion into AI infrastructure in 2024 alone, surpassing the GDP of nations like Hungary or New Zealand. Nvidia, dominating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuation skyrocket to 3.4 trillion as chip sales doubled — a growth rate three times faster than the semiconductor industry average. Meanwhile, server providers like Dell reported unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-on-year, signaling AI’s transformative potential across industries from drug discovery to autonomous driving. Yet beneath the surface, challenges loom. Training advanced AI models consumes staggering energy — equivalent to powering 15 million US households annually — raising concerns about long-term viability (可持续性). In regions like Ireland, data centers already consume 18% of national electricity, straining aging power grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle to meet data-center demands, with delivery delays for AI-optimized servers extending to 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirror past tech bubbles: the $200 billion AI infrastructure spending represents 65% of the 1999 dot-com bubble’s peak investment adjusted for inflation. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence. Amid these mounting pressures, competition is going to further complicates the landscape of AI development. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcore and China’s Cambricon challenge industry leaders by creating compact, energy-efficient AI tools. For instance, startups now offer specialized chips such as Graphcore’s IPU (Intelligence Processing Unit) at 40% lower costs than Nvidia’s products, democratizing access to AI technology. This fragmentation mirrors the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dominance was eroded by agile competitors. Investors, initially infatuated with AI’s promise, grow wary of over-commitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% of shareholders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within two years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 million quarterly losses despite ChatGPT’s success. In addition, the environmental effects make it increasingly urgent to tackle this challenge head-on. Data centers account for 3% of global electricity use — a figure matching aviation’s carbon footprint — projected to triple by 2030. The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals. While companies like Microsoft invest in renewable energy, constructing solar farms to power Arizona data centers, critics demand stricter regulations. The EU’s proposed Artificial Intelligence Act now includes provisions requiring energy transparency for AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.” As the AI sector grapples with escalating energy consumption, ethical controversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crossroads. Its potential to reshape economies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to global GDP by 2030—but unchecked growth risks ecological harm and market instability. The 2024 global AI Governance Summit highlighted the need for international standards, yet consensus remains elusive. But, the path forward requires both technological breakthroughs and a shift in priorities — making carbon-neutral data centers and transparent AI governance essential, not optional. 31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of AI spending, the author is ______. A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. unconcerned 32. What does the word “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI’s environmental costs may reduce its benefits without policy intervention. B. Renewable energy investments can resolve sustainability issues completely. C. Stricter regulations should prioritize ecological protection over market instability. D. Tech companies’ ethical considerations are sufficient to address energy demands. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI Investment: Balancing Short-Term Costs and Long-Term Viability B. Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Development C. When Innovation Breeds Chaos: Why AI Development Must Slow Down D. Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transformation Amid Emerging Challenges 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能发展面临的挑战与前景。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare — such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence.(科技分析师Alan Smith为这笔支出辩护说：“人工智能有能力革新医疗保健领域，比如将癌症药物的开发时间从10年缩短到18个月，这就证明了短期成本的合理性。”然而，反对者利润驱动的公司将市场主导地位置于道德考虑之上，并引用Meta 2023年人工智能道德委员会的解散作为证据)”可知，作者先引用了Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的观点，紧接着用“However”转折，引出反对者的观点。由此推知，作者对Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的态度是怀疑的。故选B。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后“grow wary of over-commitment(变得非常警惕过度承诺)”可知，说明投资者开始对AI的态度发生了变化，故划线处指投资者最初被AI的潜力所吸引，infatuated与A项Attracted“吸引”词义相近。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals(国际能源机构警告说，不受监管的人工智能增长可能会使全球二氧化碳排放量每年增加1.5%，破坏气候目标)”及“Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.”(清华大学的可持续发展研究员周博士警告说，“除非伴随着强有力的监管措施，AI的生态环境风险会抵消其技术进步，正如中国针对数据中心的碳税举措所示——这是一个平衡工业进步与环境管理的政策框架”)”可推知，如果没有政策干预，人工智能的环境成本可能会降低其效益。故选A。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在发展过程中面临的挑战，如能源消耗、伦理争议、投机投资模式等，同时也提到了人工智能的潜力和前景。由此可知，D选项“人工智能：在新兴挑战中寻求转型”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered why some jokes make you burst into uncontrollable laughter while others barely elicit (引出) a smile? The answer lies in the intricate dance between cognitive and emotional processes that occurs when we encounter humor. Let’s start with the cognitive side of things. ____35____ We’re not just passively receiving information; we’re actively processing it, making connections, and trying to make sense of what we’re experiencing. ____36____ The emotional side of humor is equally important and often intertwined with our cognitive processes. When we find something funny, we experience a range of positive emotions—joy, amusement, surprise, and sometimes even a touch of mischievous delight. These emotional responses are what make humor such a powerful force in our lives. Interestingly, the relationship between cognition and emotion in humor isn’t always straightforward. Sometimes, we might understand a joke on a cognitive level but not find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at something without fully understanding why it’s funny. ____37____ Our cognitive and emotional responses to humor aren’t static. ____38____ A joke that had you rolling on the floor as a teenager might elicit nothing more than a groan in your adult years. Conversely, you might find yourself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit of wordplay that would have gone right over your head in your younger days. The cognitive and emotional processes involved in humor might seem trivial. ____39____ But when we consider how pervasive humor is in our daily lives, it becomes clear that understanding these processes can have far-reaching implications for our well-being and social interactions. A. After all, it’s just a laugh, right? B. But cognition is only half the story. C. They can change over time as we grow, learn, and experience new things. D. Our brains start to look for patterns and make predictions when we hear a joke. E. Individual differences play a significant role in humor perception and appreciation. F. This complexity is part of what makes humor such a rich area of study for psychologists. G. When we hear a joke or see something funny, our brains shift into high-speed working mode. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. F 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幽默引发不同反应的原因，涉及认知与情感过程，二者关系复杂且会变化，理解其有重要意义。 【35题详解】 上文“Let’s start with the cognitive side of things. (让我们从认知方面开始说起)”说明要阐述认知方面的内容，下文“We’re not just passively receiving information; we’re actively processing it, making connections, and trying to make sense of what we’re experiencing. (我们不只是被动地接收信息；我们积极地处理信息，建立联系，并试图理解我们所经历的事情)”进一步说明我们对信息的处理方式，G选项中our brains shift into high-speed working mode与下文actively processing it相呼应，G选项“当我们听到一个笑话或看到有趣的事情时，我们的大脑会进入高速工作模式”具体说明了听到笑话时大脑的工作状态，符合语境。故选G。 【36题详解】 上文“We’re not just passively receiving information; we’re actively processing it, making connections, and trying to make sense of what we’re experiencing. (我们不只是被动地接收信息；我们积极地处理信息，建立联系，并试图理解我们所经历的事情)”主要讲了认知方面的内容，下文“The emotional side of humor is equally important and often intertwined with our cognitive processes. (幽默的情感方面同样重要，并且常常与我们的认知过程交织在一起)”开始阐述情感方面的内容，B 选项“但认知只是故事的一半”起到了承上启下的作用，既承接上文的认知方面，又引出下文的情感方面，说明还有另一半关于情感的内容。故选B。 【37题详解】 上文“Interestingly, the relationship between cognition and emotion in humor isn’t always straightforward. Sometimes, we might understand a joke on a cognitive level but not find it particularly amusing. Other times, we might laugh at something without fully understanding why it’s funny. (有趣的是，幽默中认知和情感之间的关系并不总是直截了当的。有时，我们可能在认知层面上理解一个笑话，但并不觉得特别有趣。其他时候，我们可能会在不完全理解为什么好笑的情况下发笑)”描述了认知和情感在幽默中的复杂关系。F 选项中This complexity指代上文提到的认知和情感关系的复杂性，F 选项“这种复杂性是幽默成为心理学家丰富研究领域的一部分原因”进一步说明了这种复杂性对研究幽默的意义，符合题意。故选F。 【38题详解】 上文“Our cognitive and emotional responses to humor aren’t static. (我们对幽默的认知和情感反应不是静态的)”表明反应是会变化的，下文“A joke that had you rolling on the floor as a teenager might elicit nothing more than a groan in your adult years. Conversely, you might find yourself chuckling (轻声笑) at a subtle bit of wordplay that would have gone right over your head in your younger days. (一个在你青少年时期能让你笑得在地上打滚的笑话，在你成年后可能只会引发一声叹息。相反，你可能会发现自己在对一个微妙的文字游戏轻声发笑，而在你年轻时，这个文字游戏可能会让你完全摸不着头脑)”通过举例说明了随着年龄变化对笑话的反应不同。C选项“随着我们成长、学习和经历新事物，它们会随着时间而改变”中They指代上文的Our cognitive and emotional responses，change over time与下文的例子相呼应，符合语境。故选C。 【39题详解】 上文“The cognitive and emotional processes involved in humor might seem trivial. (幽默中涉及的认知和情感过程可能看起来微不足道)”提到这些过程看似不重要，下文“But when we consider how pervasive humor is in our daily lives, it becomes clear that understanding these processes can have far-reaching implications for our well-being and social interactions. (但当我们考虑到幽默在我们日常生活中是多么普遍时，就会明白理解这些过程对我们的幸福和社会互动有着深远的影响)”与上文形成转折，说明实际上理解这些过程很重要。A 选项“毕竟，这只是一笑而过，对吧？”表达了一种对幽默的轻视态度，与上文seem trivial相呼应，也能引出下文的转折，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Often the menu is pretty similar, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal. If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta based on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some cheap bow-tie noodles and serving them simply with a red sauce. My faulty reasoning is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking. According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our subsequent thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu shaped or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu. Anchoring is everywhere in the retailing world. It’s a way to make customers feel like they’re getting a good deal. People tend to love big stores that offer huge “discounts” off highly inflated (膨胀的) “original” prices that have little to do with the item’s actual value. Studies show that anchoring effects persist no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. They also indicate that anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who should know better. The phenomenon of anchoring shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have an incredible influence on our reasoning. We must make sure that we find effective solutions or we might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by our bias, whether we notice it or not. 40. According to researchers, what is anchoring? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How do retailers take advantage of anchoring? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Anchoring effects can have a big influence on our reasoning, but if the connection between the anchor and the actual decision is weak, the effects will be gone. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can we avoid becoming a victim of anchoring?(In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. 41. Retailers take advantage of anchoring by offering huge “discounts” off highly inflated “original” prices that have little to do with the item’s actual value, making customers feel like they’re getting a good deal. 42. Anchoring effects can have a big influence on our reasoning, but if the connection between the anchor and the actual decision is weak, the effects will be gone. Because studies show that anchoring effects persist no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. 43. We should be aware of the anchoring bias, not rely solely on initial information, and make decisions based on objective facts. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了锚定效应这一认知偏差及其对人们判断和决策的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments.(研究人员表示，锚定是指人们依靠不相关但易于获取的事实做出判断)”可知，研究者认为锚定是指人们依赖不相关但容易获取的事实来做判断。故答案为According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on irrelevant but easily accessible facts to make judgments. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Anchoring is everywhere in the retailing world. It’s a way to make customers feel like they’re getting a good deal. People tend to love big stores that offer huge “discounts” off highly inflated (膨胀的) “original” prices that have little to do with the item’s actual value.(在零售业，锚定无处不在。这是一种让客户觉得他们得到了优惠的方式。人们倾向于喜欢那些在与商品实际价值无关的高度膨胀的“原始”价格上提供巨大“折扣”的大商店)”可知，零售商通过提供与商品实际价值无关的高价“原价”并给出大幅“折扣”，让顾客觉得自己占了便宜，从而利用锚定效应。故答案为Retailers take advantage of anchoring by offering huge “discounts” off highly inflated “original” prices that have little to do with the item’s actual value, making customers feel like they’re getting a good deal. 42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Studies show that anchoring effects persist no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision.(研究表明，无论锚和实际决策之间的联系有多弱，锚定效应都会持续存在)”可知，因为研究表明无论锚定与实际决策之间的联系多么微弱，锚定效应都会持续存在，所以if the connection between the anchor and the actual decision is weak, the effects will be gone.表述错误。故答案为 Anchoring effects can have a big influence on our reasoning, but if the connection between the anchor and the actual decision is weak, the effects will be gone. Because studies show that anchoring effects persist no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. 【43题详解】 考查推理判断。根据最后一段“We must make sure that we find effective solutions or we might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by our bias, whether we notice it or not.(我们必须确保找到有效的解决方案，否则我们可能会成为锚定的受害者，被我们的偏见拖累，无论我们是否注意到)”可知，我们要避免成为锚定效应的受害者，就要意识到这种偏差，不依赖初始信息，基于客观事实做决策。故答案为We should be aware of the anchoring bias, not rely solely on initial information, and make decisions based on objective facts. 第二节(共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在学校正在征集关于培养“数字素养”(digital literacy)的做法，他想投稿，发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你的建议； 2．就以上建议给出理由。 注意：1．字数100字左右，字迹工整； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear from you and offer my suggestions on developing digital literacy. First, take online courses related to digital skills. In the digital age, such courses can provide systematic knowledge and help you keep up with the latest trends. Second, actively participate in digital projects or competitions, which can enhance your practical ability and problem-solving skills in a digital environment. Moreover, join digital communities. Communicating with like-minded people there can broaden your horizons and expose you to diverse ideas. I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your good news. Best regards, Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim回信，就英国好友Jim所在学校正在征集关于培养“数字素养”(digital literacy)提建议并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestions → proposals 相关的：related → relevant 提高：enhance → improve 多样的：diverse → various 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： First, take online courses related to digital skills. 拓展句：First you should take online courses which are related to digital skills. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Second, actively participate in digital projects or competitions, which can enhance your practical ability and problem-solving skills in a digital environment.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you.(运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$