Unit1 Science Fiction vocabulary词汇(课件)2024-2025学年英语人教版(2020)选择性必修第四册同步课

PART Ⅱ Unit 1 Science Fiction vocabulary My niece, Jane, laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an appointment as the chairwoman. She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity. She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best ones with a bonus. Most of the staff were modest, whereas one salesman, named Jack, declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements, such as science fiction, ladders, flour, leathers, levers of various panels, handkerchiefs, nails, lamps and even mud.In his view, he was superior to everyone else, so he had an urge to take over the position of sales manager. However, it turned out that he often conflicted with others. Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed, which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger. Jane thought inaction was improper, so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons. Otherwise, his job would be suspended. Jack finally realized his mistake and felt so guilty about his ridiculous behavior that tears blurred his eyes. He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the division between him and his colleagues and promised that he would not be arrogant and would share modestly what he gripped from work with his colleagues. science fiction historical/romantic fiction novel story tale fairy tale fable myth fictional test out try out 试用；测试；测验 set out 出发；开始 turn out 证明是；结果是 give out 分发；用完 leave out 省略；遗漏 carry out 贯彻；执行；实施 work out 计算出；解决；锻炼 wear out 穿破；耗尽；使厌烦 bonus② allowance fee reward fine rent ridiculous absurd integrity② unity respect the territorial integrity a man of integrity behave with integrity dignity The real winnier in sports are those who know how to persevere and to behave with dignity-- whether they win or lose a game. 翻译：在体育运动上，真正的赢家是那些知道如何坚持和表现得有尊严的人--无论他们在比赛中是赢还是输。 salary earnings wage income appoint③ ① The man who had come a thousand miles to keep an _____________ (appoint) with the friend of his youth smoked his cigar and waited. ② She is both the first woman and the first African-American ________________ (appoint) to the position. ④ The competitors, excited and energetic, gathered together and set off at the__________(appoint) time. appointment to be appointed appointed (1)(应用文写作之道歉信)我和这位科幻小说作家在咖啡馆有约。但是由于一位不速之客，我不得不失约。因我不能赴约，请替我传达我真挚的歉意。 I _______________________________ the science fiction writer at the café. But because of an unexpected visitor，I have to ______________________. Please convey my heartfelt apology for not _______________________. have made/had an appointment with break the appointment keeping my appointment (2)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为这个组织的主席，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you ______________________ the chairwoman of the organization, I am writing to congratulate you. (3)(读后续写之愤怒情绪描写)他总是委派我做各种工作，这使我勃然大怒。 He ____________________________________________, which made me explode with anger. are appointed as/to be was always appointing me to perform various jobs nail② saleswoman salesclerk be guilty of ... be/feel guilty for/at/about... ③ a sense of guilt innocence innocent guilt② 1.(读后续写之心理描写)售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。 The salesman ______________________ making such a stupid mistake and _____________ welled up in his eyes. was guilty about/for/at tears of guilt 2.让我震惊的是这个谦逊的销售员曾经犯过罪并坐过牢。 What stunned me was that the modest salesman _____________________ _________________________. 3.意识到自己对女孩造成的严重伤害，他感到深深的愧疚感。 Realizing the severe harm he had done to the girl，___________________ ______________________. was once guilty of a crime and put into prison he was overwhelmed with a deep sense of guilt suspend② suspension bridge ladder 1. He just laughed and dismissed my proposal___ unrealistic, which upset me a lot. 2. Finally his boss found an excuse and had him ___________ (dismiss) from the factory. 3. Mr Jones was _____________ (dismiss) of the report, saying it was filled with inaccuracies. dismissed dismissive dismiss③ dismissal dismissive as declare declaration declare sb/sth to be/as declare for/against declare war on/against... 1.The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization，but the majority declared her proposal. 2.The moment the annual Oktoberfest ______(declare) open, people present burst into thunderous cheers. 3.The opening speeches sounded more like the _________ (declare) of war than the offer of peace. against was declared declaration He works hard, but he earns little. While he works hard, his colleague is always lazy. He is very disciplined, whereas his brother is careless. rumour ✦ I assumed he was French because of his accent. ✦ Assuming it rains tomorrow, what’s our backup plan? ✦ The court presumes innocence until guilt is proven. ✦ She didn’t answer the phone, so I presumed she was busy. 同根词： presumption n. presuming conj.=providing+ that fare n.交通费 fee n. (专业服务付的)费用 bill n.账单 charge n.（商家）收费 cost n.花费 daily /monthly /yearly /annual Remember, even world champion athlethes practice their skill on a consistent basis. Market researchers often segment the population on the basis of age and social class. The equipment is checked on a regular basis. ① It is a must for beginners to grasp some ________ (base) grammar rules. ② That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the _______ (base) of its popularity. ③ The research group produced two reports _________ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions. ④ Prior to the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese poems were ___________ (basic) written for singing. basic basis based basically (1)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础，我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。 I read the English newspaper for half an hour ______________._______ _______ much reading，I have greatly improved my English._________ ______ my own experience，I call on all of you to read the English newspaper _________________. on a daily basis basis of On the Based on/ upon on a regular basis (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)我强烈建议你应该将分组建立在学生的考试成绩、语言表现或兴趣爱好上。 I strongly recommend that you __________________________________ _________________________________________. (should) base grouping on students’ exam grades，verbal performance or interests calculate 两千多年前，罗马商人用calculus (小圆石)来计算损益。古罗马时代的算盘也以calculus(小圆石)作为算珠。古希腊人与古罗马人还以投calculus(小圆石)的简单办法来进行选举，只要计算一下投入瓮中的calculus的数目即可统计出人数有多少。英语单词calculate (计算) 正是源于calculus(小圆石) 。英语还直接借用该词来指“微积分”和“结石”。 词源故事 Scientists have calculated that the world's population will double by the end of the century. You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. Don’t calculate on his younger brother coming on time. 计算；核算 预测 同根词：calculation 近义词：work out figure out 指望;期待 You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions, but you don't side definitely with any one of them. We weighed up the pros and cons. 近义词：advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses blurred 泪水模糊了她的视线。 Tears blurred her eyes. a blurred image/picture blur ①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger. _____________ ②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made. ______ ③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend. __________ ④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard-working than clever. ______________________ 多于；超过 非常 不仅仅是 与其说……不如说…… 1. She had failed to keep her appointment for third times.___________ 2. They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman. ___________ 3. He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry. ___________ 失约 任命 职位 1. A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. ___________ 2. Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. ___________ 3. Dave was suspended from school for a week. ___________ 4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. ___________ 悬 / 挂 / 吊 暂停 / 中止 被停学 被停职 1. Dismissing her fears, she climbed higher. 2. Both actors dismissed any idea of a romantic relationship between them. 3. He was so irresponsible that the boss decided to dismiss him. 4. The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes early because she had a meeting. 5. He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 否定 / 拒绝考虑 消除 否认 解散 解雇 1. The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed. 2. Edward declared himself angry and upset. 3. You must declare all your income on this form. 4. Who’s the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence? 宣布 声称 申报 独立宣言 Your cell phone is superior to mine in quality. I must go, cannot and will not be inferior to others. My brother is senior to me by three years. As a new employee, I am junior to everyone in the office. be superior to比……更好，更胜一筹 be inferior to比……差/级别低 be senior to比……年长/职位高 be junior to比……年龄小/职位低 他总是表现得好像比我更胜一筹，这把我气得浑身颤抖。 He always behaves as if he were superior to me，which makes me tremble all over. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手；、 take up 拿起；占据；开始从事 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开；突然成功 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take advantage of 利用 你并不高人一等。所以，你认为别人的帮助和支持是理所当然的，这是不对的。 You are superior to nobody. So it is wrong of you to take others’ help and support for granted After the firm from his father，Tom some more advanced ideas and some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would soon.Certainly，managing the firm almost all his time. However，Tom held the strong belief that his firm would a new look in the near future. took in taking over took on take off took up take on inaction 总之，虽然我们是学生，我们仍可以做很多以保护我们的环境，我们应该从现在开始行动。 All in all, although we are students, we can still do a lot to protect our environment, and we should take action from now on. conflict with These results conflict with earlier findings. She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. Your emotions may come into conflict with your conscious will. 与……冲突或抵触 (话题写作之人际关系)得知你和你同桌发生冲突，我写信给你一些建议。首先，学生因为一些小事与其他人产生冲突是正常的。其次，当你与他人有冲突时，你最好保持冷静。总之，只有你设身处地为他人着想，你才会毫不费力地解决这些冲突。 Learning that you have ______________ your deskmate，I am writing to offer you some tips. Firstly，it is not unusual that students _____________________ others over some small things.Besides，when you are _______________ others，you had better keep calm.All in all，only if you put yourself in others’ shoes will you solve these __________ without difficulty. conflicted with come into conflict with in conflict with conflicts labour---labours--labourer Labour's Day 劳动节 manual labour 体力劳动 labour force 劳动力 labour to do sth 努力做某事 laborious adj.费力的；辛苦的 他工作了一天疲惫不堪，便直接上床休息了。 He was so exhausted from the day’s labours that he went straight to bed. /ləˈbɔːriəs/ leather lever ① ② panel③ n/v inch 由三位教授组成的评审小组仔细评估了每位参赛者的创新性和演讲能力。 The judging panel, consisting of three professors, carefully evaluated each contestant’s innovation and presentation skills. He inched his way through the narrow passage. 他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。 solar panel backwards---backward forward(s) adv.向前 upward(s) adv.向上 downward(s) adv.向下 eastward(s) adv.向东 westward(s) adv.向西 backward(s) and forward(s) 来来回回 她大步从他身边走过，都没有回头瞧一眼。 She strode past him without a backward glance. grip 一阵恐慌攫住了她，使她呼吸困难，但她知道她必须保持冷静。 A sense of panic gripped her, making it hard to breathe, but she knew she had to stay calm. 2. 但是现在，她正被一股盲目的无目标的怒气控制着。 But for now, she is in the grip of a blind, unfocused anger. in the grip of被...控制/压倒 grip one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 grasp hold squeeze hazy③ The mountains were hazy in the distance. What happened next is all very hazy. I'm a little hazy about what to do next. 薄雾的 记不清的;模糊的 主意不定的;困惑的 The future seemed as hazy as the distant mountains, yet she took a step forward, determined to carve her own path. 未来如同远山般朦胧不清，但她仍迈出一步，决心开辟自己的路. fetch② fetch and carry 打杂 handkerchief lamp lamb lump damp dump Quick! Fetch the first aid kit!" John shouted, pressing his hand against the bleeding wound. Sarah sprinted to the cabinet, her heart pounding. “快!去拿急救箱！”约翰喊道，用手捂住流血的伤口。 莎拉冲向橱柜，心怦怦直跳。 turn out 关掉;出席;生产;结果是 turn down拒绝；关小 turn in上交 turn over翻身；移交 turn to求助于；转向 turn up出现；调高 turn around 扭转 我的同事因病不得不把他的项目交给我。虽然我对这个项目没有把握，但我不能拒绝他。他承诺，无论何时我遇到无法解决的问题时都可以向他寻求指导。在我们的共同努力下，我按时提交了这个项目，结果非常成功。得知这个消息的那一刻，我带着鲜花来到医院，与同事分享了喜悦，同事对我表示祝贺和赞赏。 My colleague had to because of his illness.Though unsure about the project，I couldn’t .He promised that I could whenever I came across problems that I couldn’t solve.With our joint effort，I ，which __________ .The moment I learned the news，I ______________________with some flowers，sharing the joy with my colleague，who showed congratulations and appreciation to me. turn over his project to me turn him down turn to him for guidance turned in the project punctually turned out to be a great success turned up in the hospital pace n②/v Technology is advancing so fast that it's hard to keep pace with the latest innovations. China has set the pace in renewable energy development globally. She paced up and down outside the room. We need to pick up the pace if we want to finish the project on time. 跟上步伐 带头 来回踱步 加快速度 fall away(逐渐)减少;消失 fall apart 破碎;破裂;崩溃 fall behind (sb/sth) 落后;落在......后面 fall back 后退，撤退，退却 fall off 减少；下降 fall down 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败 fall ill 生病 fall in love with 爱上 get dressed 穿好衣服（强调动作） 1. If you don't come to class regularly, you will __________ in your studies. 2. It is commonplace that babies often _____________ when they are learning to walk. 3. If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will ____________. 4. Mai gradually ________________ Chinese literature after she worked as a translator. fall behind fall down fall away fell in love with division③ divide 志愿者将被分为四组，每组负责登记、指导、后勤和清洁工作。 Volunteers will be divided among four teams, each responsible for registration, guidance, logistics, and cleanup. 2.在气候变化问题上存在分歧：一些人主张立即采取行动，而另一些人则优先考虑经济增长。 The issue of climate change has divided opinions: some advocate for immediate action, while others prioritize economic growth. puff ③ I'll never huff and puff while waiting for you to put on my makeup. He managed to puff out a few words. Any chance of success seemed to vanish in a puff of smoke 生气 气喘吁吁地说 一缕，少量（烟、气等的） urge n/v urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that .. .(should) do sth 极力主张/强调......做某事 urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 urgency n.紧迫；急迫 urge that sb (should) do sth 表建议、主张、要求、命令的动词后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式为“(should) + 动词原形” 表建议: suggest; advise; recommend 表主张: insist; maintain 表要求: ask; require; require; demand 表命令: order; command The headteacher urged that all students (should) rush out of the classroom. I suggest that we (should) have lunch now. His attitude suggests that he isn't really interested. 注: suggest表“表明、暗示”时不用虚拟 We insisted that she (should) go with us. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 注: insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟 random maximum minimum maximize minimize at random explode explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂声 explosive adj. 爆炸性的; 爆发性的 explode with/into anger/laughter 勃然大怒;突然大笑起来 jolt③ jolt sb into sth 突然采取行动 a jolt of dismay 一阵惊诧 flip-flipped-flipped stun stunned stunning astonishing, surprising, shocking mud muddy overstatement understate state statement THANKS Lavf57.83.100 $$