Unit 11 探索板块（教材重难知识导学 · 精讲精练）（教师版+学生版）-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练（仁爱科普版2024）

null Unit 11 Exploring the Topic (探索板块) 主题内容 学习目标 主题范畴: 人与社会→公共秩序与法律法规 主题内容： 围绕话题Rules Matter展开，Thinking Skills部分为思维技能学习，借助因果关系图分析事件的前因后果与内在逻辑，让思维可视化。Theme Reading部分为主题阅读活动，帮助学生运用本单元所学的因果分析思维技能和持续提问的阅读策略开展主题阅读。Grammar in Use部分为语法学习与使用，包括反身代词及情态动词must/mustn’t、should/shouldn’t的形式、意义和用法。 1. 语言知识&技能: （1）结合实际生活，运用因果分析的思维技能组织语言，谈论其他交通事故，理清事件的前因后果； （2）借助因果分析图梳理文本的内在逻辑，了解遵守规则的重要性； （3） 在语境中理解反身代词和情态动词must/mustn’t、should/shouldn’t的形式、意义和用法。 2. 文化意识&思维品质: （1）结合实际表达观点，谈论家规及其重要性； （2）联系实际谈论生活中其他场合的规则及其重要性，强化遵规守纪的意识； （3）在新语境中运用所学语法知识，描述不同生活场景下的规则，并树立规则意识。 3. 学习策略: （1）运用因果分析的思维技能绘制因果关系图，了解事件的前因后果和内在逻辑； （2）运用读前、读中、读后持续提问的阅读策略，获取文本的主要内容和关键信息； （3） 归纳总结反身代词的表达形式，并对比情态动词must和should在形式、意义和使用上的区别。 ➽自主预习 请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型，并完成下面的表格。 词性 中文 英文 重点 单词 名词 1. 结果；影响 2. 墙，墙壁；城墙 3. 家务劳动；家务事 4. 优点 5. 警卫，看守 6. （交通）事故；意外 7. 噪声 8. 自然环境；生态环境 9. 法律；法规 10. 劝告；建议 11. 注意；专心 12. （墙或门上等的）窥视孔 13. 陌生人 14. 递送；传送；交付 15. 球场；法院 动词 1. （使）疼痛，受伤 2. 穿越；横过 3. 说话；谈话 形容词 1. 公正的；公道的 2. 亲爱的 副词 1. 慢速地；缓慢地 2. 吵闹地；嘈杂地 代词 1. 他自己 2. 她自己 3. 它自己（指施动并受其影响的动物或事物） 4. 我们自己 连词 因为；既然 兼词 1. n.原因；起因 v.造成；引起；导致 2. adv./adj. 独自 3. v.打架；打仗；努力争取；为······斗争n.打架；比赛 4. n.头脑；大脑；心思 v.介意 5. n.法语；法国人 adj.法国的；法国人的；法语的 6. v. 违犯，背弃；（使）破；弄坏；弄破；稍停 n.休息 7. n.头；负责人 v.前往 重点 短语 中文 英文 中文 英文 1. 玩得开心 2. 几米之外 3. 从······中出来 4. 撞上；偶然遇见 5. 伤了腿 6. 伤了某人自己 7. 培养一些好习惯 8. 起床 9. 立刻；马上 10. 帮忙做家务 11. 遵守规则 12. 从······里面看；浏览；快速查看 13. 开门；应门 14. 保证某人安全 15. 过马路 16. 用这种方式／方法 17. 远离 18. 交通事故 19. 让事情变得有序 20. 制造噪声 21. 而且，更有甚者 22. 与某人吵架；争论；打架 23. 收到某的来信 24. 把······记在心里 25. 独自地 26. 自学 27. 违反交通规则 28. 交通标志 29. 看两边 30. 玩火 31. 违法 32. 注意 重点 句型 中文 英文 1．孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 2. 突然，一辆车从路口驶出。 3．他向右转弯，撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 4．他撞上了墙并并伤了自己。 5. 为了让康康养成一些好习惯，他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 6. 早上6点半起床并且整理卧室。 7. 放学后立到回家。 8. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 9. 晚上十点钟上床睡觉。 10. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则，因为他知道它们对他有好处。 11. 在一个周日的下午，我正在家里做家庭作业。 12. 突然有人门。 13. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 14. 我决定不开门然后回去写作业。 15. 我们生活在一个充满规则的世界。 16. 当我们过马路的时候，我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 17. 通过这种方式，我们可以远离交通事故。 18. 同样，规则也会让事情井然有序。 19. 比如，我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪音。 20. 而且，规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。 21. 游戏只有在公平的前提下才有趣。 22. 这个世界因为规则而变得更美好。 23. 很开心收到你的来信。 24. 因为你想了解我的班规，所以我想告诉你一些。 25. 我们应该永远不与人打架，因为安全永远是第一位的。 26. 规则对我们真的非常重要，所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 27. 肖芳自学法语,吉姆自学汉语。 28. 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。 29. 在过马路前我们必须要看路的两边。 30. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。 31. 街上有许多人，所以你必须缓慢驾驶。 32. 当你在其他国家旅行时，你需要了解当地的规则，千万不要违法。 33. 你应该寻求帮助。 34. 你应该听从劝告。 35. 你应该全神贯注。 小试牛刀：用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Before you make a decision, you should listen to your parents' ________. (advice) 2. It is against the ________ to steal things from others. (law) 3. Be careful with that knife, or you might ________ yourself. (hurt) 4. Look both ways before you ________ the street. (across) 5. It's not good to ________ with your classmates; try to solve problems peacefully. (fight) ➽问题探究 知识点1 Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves. 孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。（教材P78） enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；玩得愉快”。可与have a good time、have fun等互换。 E.g. We enjoyed ourselves in the Great wall. 我们在长城玩得很开心。 = We had a good time / had fun in the Great Wall. 注意: oneself要与其逻辑主语的人称和数保持一致。 知识点2 Suddenly a car came out of the turn. 突然，一辆车从路口驶出。（教材P78） come out of 意为“从······中出来”，指从某个地方或某物中出现或出来。 E.g. The little boy came out of a small old house, but with smiles on his face. 这个小男孩从一所破旧的小房子里出来了，但面带微笑。 拓展：come out of还可意为“产生于，源于（某事物）”。 E.g. This book came out of his experiences in China. 这本书取材于他在中国的经历。 【练习】 —Where is the bus stop? —________ the Children’s Park and turn right. You can see a lot of people on the left side of the street. The bus stop is right there. A．Go into B．Jump out of C．Turn into D．Come out of 知识点3 He turned right, ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 他向右转弯，撞上了墙并且伤了腿。（教材P78） 1）run into意为“撞上”，表示用力撞上某物。 E.g. Mingming rode his bike so fast that he couldn't stop at once, so he ran into a big tree. 明明车骑得太快以至于不能马上停下来，所以他撞上了一棵大树。 拓展：run into sb. 碰见；偶然遇见 run into sth. 途中遭遇（恶劣天气） E.g. Guess who I ran into today! 猜猜我今天碰见了谁！ We ran into thick fog on the way home. 在回家的路上，我们遇上了大雾。 2）hurt v.“（使）疼痛；受伤”。既可指由于碰撞等造成的身体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。其过去式是hurt。 常用短语：hurt oneself 伤了某人自己 E.g. He hurt himself playing basketball. 他打篮球时受伤了。 拓展：hurt的其他用法：hurt作名词，意为“痛苦；伤害”；作形容词，意为“（身体上或感情上）受伤的”。 E.g. There was hurt and real anger in her voice.（作名词）她的声音里有痛苦，也有真正的愤怒。 None of the passengers were badly hurt.（作形容词）乘客中没有人严重受伤。 【练习】 1．The boy hurt ________ while he was using a knife to cut up the vegetables. A．himself B．herself C．itself D．ourselves 2．Unluckily, my younger sister ________ off a bike and ________ her leg. A．fell; hurt B．felt; hurted C．felt; hurt D．falled; hurted 知识点4 Do homework on time and help with housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。（教材P79） 1）help with意为“帮助”。后接事物或人。 E.g. Mark always helps with the volunteer work. 马克总是帮着做志愿者工作。 拓展: help sb.with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”，可与help sb.（to）do sth. 互换。 E.g. Lili often helps her mother with housework. = Lili often helps her mother do housework. 丽丽经常帮助她妈妈做家务。 2）housework不可数名词，意为“家务劳动；家务事”。是由“house＋work”构成的不可数名词。 do（the）housework意为“做家务”，housework前可用little、much、a lot of等词或短语修饰。 E.g. Children should help do housework at home. 孩子们在家应该帮助做家务。 拓展：类似的合成词还有 homework 家庭作业 schoolwork 功课；学业 workplace 工作场所 【练习】 1．If you have any problems, come to our community centre to _________ them. A．help with B．help do C．get help do D．get help with 2．She often helps her mother ________ the housework. A．do B．does C．doing D．to doing 知识点5 Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则，因为他知道它们对他有好处。（教材P79） follow the rules动词短语，意为“遵守规则”，可与obey the rules互换。 E.g. You must follow the rules if you join us. 如果你加入我们，你必须遵守规则。 拓展: follow的相关短语 follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事 follow the example of... 效仿，学习；以.....为榜样 E.g. You should follow the doctor’s advice when you are ill. 生病时你要听从医生的建议。 Wang Bing followed his father to be a teacher. 王兵子承父业成为了一名老师。 Kangkang got the first place in this exam. You should follow the example of him to be a good student. 康康这次考试获得了第一名，你们应该以他为榜样，成为一名优秀的学生。 【练习】 1. You must follow the ________ rules when riding a bike. A．class B．family C．school D．traffic 2. We should follow the rules. (改为祈使句) the rules. 知识点6 Alone at Home 独自在家（教材P79） alone adj./adv. “独自”。 E.g. The girl walked alone in the forest. She was a little scared. 这个女孩儿独自在森林行走，她有点儿害怕。 拓展: be alone with sb./sth. 意为“与某人／某物独处”。 E.g. Lili is not alone in helping others often. 并不只有丽丽一个人经常帮助他人。 I don't want to be alone with a stranger for a whole day. 我不想和一个陌生人单独相处一整天。 辨析: alone和lonely 单词 词性 意思 句法功能 用法 alone 形容词 单独；独自 常作表语 强调客观情况，表示单独、独自完成某事，无感情色彩。 副词 单独；独自 常作状语，相当于 on one's own/by oneself lonely 形容词 孤独的； 寂寞的 常作表语 强调主观感受，指心理上感到孤独、寂寞，有感情色彩。 偏僻的； 人迹罕至的 作表语或定语 用来说明地方荒凉。 E.g. The old lady lives alone. 这位老人独自居住。 She feels lonely because she has no friends to talk with in the new city. 她感到孤独，因为在这座新的城市她没有朋友可交流。 【练习】 Mary doesn’t feel ________ although she lives ________ in Chicago. She always finds something interesting to do. A．alone; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely D．lonely; alone 知识点7 On a Sunday afternoon, I was doing my homework at home. 在一个周日的下午，我正在家里做家庭作业。（教材P79） 此句的时态是过去进行时，表示过去某一具体时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为 “was／were＋doing”。 E.g. They were playing basketball from 9to 10 yesterday morning. 他们昨天上午从9点到10点一直在打篮球 【练习】 1. Mandy ________ ATTT from nine to ten last night. Camilla and Alex were doing the same thing. A．was reciting B．were reciting C．recited D．has recited 2．—What ________ you doing at this moment yesterday? —I was reading a book. A．are B．were C．is D．will be 知识点8 Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. 突然有人敲门。（教材P79） knock n. “敲击声；敲门（或窗户）声”。 E.g. I heard a loud knock on the wall, so l couldn't fall asleep. 我听到墙上传来巨大的敲击声，所以我就没法入睡了。 链接: knock还可作动词，意为“敲；击”。 常用短语：knock on/at 敲击（门、窗等） knock down 撞到；击倒 E.g. Someone knocks on/at the door while I am doing my homework. 我在写作业的时候有人敲门。 The poor man was knocked down by a car. 这位可怜的男士被小汽车撞倒了 【练习】 1．Someone ________ at the door. Can you answer it? A．knocks B．knocked C．is knocking D．are knocking 2．Please knock _______ the door before you come in. A．to B．for C．into D．on 知识点9 I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 （教材P79） look through 动词短语，意为“从······里面看”。 E.g. I looked through the window and saw some kids playing football happily. 从窗户看过去，我看见一些孩子在开心地踢足球。 拓展: look through还可意为“浏览；快速查看”。 E.g. I looked through the book quickly and found nothing interesting. 我快速地浏览了这本书，没有发现什么有趣的内容。 归纳: ① look的相关短语 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look forward to 期待 look around 环顾四周 look over 查看; 检查 look up 查找；查阅 look out 当心 look down on/upon 轻视；看不起 ② through的相关短语 run through 流经某地 go through 通过；经过；渡过 E.g. The Changjiang River runs through many parts of China. 长江流经中国许多地区。 With the help of his parents and friends, he went through difficult times in the end. 在父母和好友的帮助下，他最终渡过了那段艰难的时光。 【练习】 1. I have ______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes. A．looked through B．looked for C．looked after D．looked out 2. 你应该仔细阅读这本书，而不是就这么快速浏览一遍。（完成译句） You should read this book carefully instead of ________ ________ it so quickly. 知识点10 When we cross the road,we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候，我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。（教材P80） cross v. “穿过；横过；交叉”。常在句中作谓语，相当于“动词＋across”。 E.g. Cross the bridge, and you'll find the bookstore on your right. 穿过这座桥，你会看到书店在你的右侧。 When my little sister is angry, she often crosses her arms and stamps her feet. 当我的小妹妹生气的时候，她经常会交叉双手抱臂并且跺脚。 辨析: cross和across 单词 词性 意思 用法 cross 动词 穿过；横过 动词后接名词或代词作宾语，常与river、bridge、road 和 street 等名词连用。 across 介词 横过 常与walk、go、swim 和run等动词连用，表示从一边到另一边，从表面越过。 E.g. Don't cross the road when the traffic light is red. 红灯时不要过马路。 Don't swim across the river. It's too dangerous. 不要游过这条河。太危险了。 拓展: cross还可作名词，意为“十字形记号；叉字形记号” E.g. Put a tick if the answer is correct and a cross if it's wrong. 答案正确打钩，错误打叉。 【练习】 1．—There is a bridge ________ the river. What can you see ________ it? —Oh, an elephant is standing over there. A．over; across B．above; cross C．on; across D．over; cross 2．—Look! A little girl is ________ the street and there are so many cars! —Let’s help her go ________! A．acrossing; across B．crossing; cross C．crossing; across D．acrossing; cross 知识点11 In this way, we can keep away from traffic accidents. 通过这种方式，我们可以远离交通事故。（教材P80） 1）in this way 意为“用这种方式／方法”。 E.g. In this way, he finished his homework quickly. 用这种方式，他很快就完成了作业。 拓展：in many ways 用许多方式；在许多方面 in different ways 用不同的方式；在不同方面 E.g. Think twice, then you can solve the problem in many ways. 多想想，然后你就可以用许多方法去解决这个问题。 The new machine is used in many ways.这台新机器被运用在许多方面。 Wang Lin likes working out math problems in different ways. 王林喜欢用不同的方式来计算数学题。This machine can be used in different ways in our life. 这个机器可以用在我们生活中的不同方面。 2）keep away from意为“远离”，可与stay away from互换。 e.g. During the summer holidays, children should keep away from the rivers and lakes. 暑假期间，孩子们应该远离河流湖泊 【练习】 1. AI can change our lives ________. A．in different ways B．by different ways C．on different ways D．with different ways 2. 如果你想保持健康，你应该远离垃圾食品。（完成译句） If you want to keep fit, you should ______ ______ ______ junk food. 知识点12 Also, rules keep things in order. 同样，规则也会让事情井然有序。（教材P80） keep...in order意为“使······整齐有序”。order在此处作名词，意为“顺序；次序”。 Kangkang is careful and serious, so he often keeps his things in order. 康康认真又严谨，所以他经常把他的东西整理得井然有序。 The house had been kept in good order. 房子保持得井井有条。 拓展：put...in order意为“排序；把······整理得井然有序”。 E.g. Please put the following sentences in the right order. 请把下面的句子按正确的顺序排列。 【练习】 Look at the picture! The students are ________. A．getting into the car B．running after each other C．asking the policeman for help D．crossing the road in order (有序的) 知识点13 For example, we shouldn't eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 比如，我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪声。 （教材P80） noise n. “噪声；响声；声音；吵闹声”。 E.g. Don't make a noise. Others are sleeping. 别出声，其他人正在睡觉。 The kids are making much noise. 这些孩子太吵了。 辨析: noise，voice和sound 单词 意思 用法 noise 噪声；响声；声音；吵闹声 指令人不舒服的噪音、噪声。 voice 嗓音；说话声 指人说话时的声音，常和介词in连用构成短语。 sound 声音 泛指自然界能听到的一切声音。 E.g. Making noise in class is against the class rules. 在课堂上制造噪声违反班规。 "Don't eat in class!" the teacher said in an angry voice. “不要在课堂上吃东西！”老师生气地说。 I enjoy listening to the sound of running water in the wild. 我喜欢在野外听流水的声音。 【练习】 The children are making ________. How ________ they are! A．noises; noise B．noisy; noisy C．noises; noisy D．noisy; noise 知识点14 What's more, rules can bring us more fun. 而且，规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。（教材P80） What’s more意为“而且，更有甚者”，表示说话意思的递进。 当“此外，另外”讲时，与单词moreover同义。 E.g. Running is a good habit. What's more, it can build us up. 跑步是个好习惯，而且，它能增强我们的体质。 Reading can improve your knowledge. What's more/Moreover, it can also open your eyes and mind. 读书能丰富你的知识。此外，它还能够拓宽你的视野和思路。 【练习】 1. —I think doing sports can help us keep healthy. —What’s more, it can help us develop good habits. A．In fact B．In addition C．At last 2．I advise you ____ a Xinhua Dictionary. It's a useful book, and ______, not an expensive one. A．to buy; what’s more B．buying; however C．buying; what’s more D．to buy;however 知识点15 A game is fun when it is fair. 游戏在公平的前提下才有趣。（教材80） fair adj. “公平的；公正的；公道的”。 E.g. The exam results were quite fair. 这次考试的结果十分公平公正。 拓展：fair的其他用法 作形容词，意为“晴朗的；浅色的；白皙的”；作名词，意为“露天游乐场；集市；展销会；商品交易会”。 E.g. The weather is fair these days.（作形容词）近段时间天气晴朗。 She has long fair hair. 她有一头浅色长发。 Let’s take the kids to the fair.（作名词）咱们带孩子去游乐场吧。 We went to the fair and saw many things on sale. 我们去了商品展销会，看到了许多东西都在促销。 【练习】 —Did you go to the book fair?   —Yes, I bought a lot of secondhand books there. A．list B．site C．market 知识点16 Dear Yiming: I'm happy to hear from you. 亲爱的易明：很开心收到你的来信。（教材P81） 1）dear adj. “亲爱的”。 E.g. I missed my dear friends so much after I moved to a new city. 在搬去一个新的城市后，我非常想念我亲爱的朋友们。 拓展: dear作形容词时还可意为“昂贵；价格高”，和expensive同义。 E.g. Everything is so dear in this shopping center. = Everything is so expensive in this shopping center. 这个购物中心的所有东西都非常昂贵。 2） hear from动词短语，意为“收到（某人的）来信、电话等”，后跟人称代词的宾格形式。可与get／receive a letter from 或 get／receive a call from互换。 E.g. Kangkang heard from his pen pal. = Kangkang got/received a letter from his pen pal. 康康收到了笔友的来信。 【练习】 1．It’s been two months since I last ________ Susan. I miss her very much. A．hear from B．have heard from C．heard from D．will hear from 2．I often hear from my pen pal. A．receive a letter from B．hear of C．write a letter to 3．—Hi, Linda. Are you writing _______ Tom?   —Yes. I _______ him yesterday. A．to; heard out B．to; heard from C．with; hear from D．from; hear out 知识点17 Since you want to know my class rules, I'd like to tell you some of them. 因为你想了解我的班规，所以我想告诉你一些。（教材P81） since conj. “因为；既然”，用来表示显而易见、已为人知的原因，引导原因状语从句。 E.g. Since you like it,you can have more. 既然你喜欢它，不妨多吃点。 辨析: because，since，as和for 单词 意思 用法 because 由于；因为 明确的因果关系，表示事情发生的原因。 since 既然；因为 表示显而易见或已为人知的原因，语气比because稍弱。 as 由于；因为 表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，在双方都知道的情况下使用，语气比since 稍弱。 for 由于；因为 表示推断或附加的理由，语气最弱，放在所要说明的句子后面。 E.g. I have to stay at home because it is raining hard outside. 因为外面雨下得很大，所以我不得不待在家里。 Since you are used to the life here,you can stay here for more days. 既然你已经习惯了这儿的生活，不妨多待几天。 As you weren't there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。 He ate a little, for he didn't like the food here. 由于他不喜欢这儿的食物，他吃得不多。 拓展: since还可作介词，意为“自······以来；从······以后”，后面常跟有关时间的名词或短语。 E.g. She has lived in Beijing since 1994. 自从1994年以来她一直住在北京。 She has lived in Beijing since 20 years ago. 自从20年前，她就住在北京。 【练习】 — You have been in Neijiang for a long time? — Yeah, ________ my parents came here, ________ about ten years. A．when; for B．for; since C．when; in D．since; for 知识点18 We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 我们应该永远不与人打架，因为安全永远是第一位的。（教材P81） fight v.“打架；打仗；努力争取；为······斗争”。其过去式为fought。 fight with sb. 意为“与某人打架／打仗”。 E.g. I'm very sad because I fought with my best friend. 我很难过，因为我和我最好的朋友打架了。 We must never fight with others at school, it is against the school rules. 在学校我们永远不要与人打架，这违反校规。 拓展：fight的相关短语 fight against 与....斗争;抵抗 fight about/over sth. 为某事/物而争论 fight to do sth. 努力争取;为...斗争 fight for 为....而战/奋斗 fight back 奋力抵抗；还击 fight sb./sth. fff 抵抗；击退 E.g. The police are fighting against the criminals all the time. 警方一直不遗余力地与犯罪分子作斗争。 There is no need to fight about/ over a small thing. 不需要为了一件小事而争论。 The young should fight hard for the bright future. 年轻人要为了光明的未来而努力奋斗。 Fight back bravely if someone bullies you. 如果有人欺侮你，一定要勇敢还击。 Vitamin A helps your body fight off infection. 维生素A有助人体对抗感染。 She fought hard to get this film made. 经她努力争取，这部电影才得以面世。 拓展: fight还可作名词，意为“搏斗；打架；打斗；比赛”。 have a fight with sb. 与某人打架 E.g. Li Lei had a fight with his best friend, and then he said sorry to him. 李雷和他的好朋友打了一架，后来他向好朋友道歉了。 【练习】 1. Like Ne Zha, we should fight ________ all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．against B．without C．beyond D．across 2．My little brothers are always ________. A．fight B．fought C．fighting D．to fight 知识点19 Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 规则对我们真的非常重要，所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。（教材P81） mind n. “头脑；大脑；心思”。keep...in mind意为“记住；将······记在心中”。 E.g. We must keep the traffic rules in mind to keep us safe. 我们要把交通规则牢记在心以保证我们自身的安全。 拓展: ① mind的相关短语 make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事 change one’s mind 改变某人的想法/主意 in one’s mind 在某人心目中；在某人脑海里 E.g. Nothing can change my mind to be a doctor. 没有什么能改变我要成为医生的想法。 In my mind, my mom is a hard-working woman. 在我心里，我妈妈是个勤奋的人。 Li Ming made up his mind to study math well. 李明下定决心学好数学。 ② mind还可作动词，意为“介意”，后跟v-ing 形式。 E.g. I don't mind living here. 我不介意住这儿。 以下是常见的回答方式： 1. 如果不介意（愿意做）： "No, not at all."（不，完全不介意。）→ 最常用 "No, go ahead."（不介意，你做吧。）→ 如果对方请求许可 "Sure, I can do that."（当然，我可以做。）→ 更主动表示愿意 "Of course not."（当然不介意。）→ 比较礼貌 2. 如果介意（不愿意做）： "Actually, I’d rather not."（其实，我宁愿不做。）→ 委婉拒绝 "Sorry, but I do mind."（抱歉，我有点介意。）→ 直接但礼貌 "I’d prefer if you could do it."（我希望你能做。）→ 建议对方自己做 【练习】 1. —Excuse me, would you mind my ________ your dictionary for a week? —________. Help yourself. A．using; Of course B．to use; All right C．using; Not at all D．to use; Of course not 2．— Would you mind me ________the window? I feel kind of cold. — Of course not. A．opening B．to close C．closing 知识点20 Xiao Fang teaches herself French,and Jim teaches himself Chinese. 肖芳自学法语，吉姆自学汉语。（教材P82） French n. “法语”。 E.g. He learns French as a second language. 他学习法语作为第二外语。 拓展: ① French还可作形容词，意为“法国的；法国人的；法语的”。 E.g. This is a classical French food. 这是一种经典的法国食物。 ② “法国人”的表达有两种： the French 常用复数，表示法国人群体或统称。 Frenchman强调个体，复数形式Frenchmen。 E.g. The French like traveling a lot, so you can often see some Frenchmen travel around the world. 法国人酷爱旅行，你经常能看到一些法国人在全世界旅行。 【练习】 1. They are _________. They live in _________. A．Frenchmen, French B．Germans, Germany C．German, German D．France, French 2．Every year, ________ of tourists choose ________ to take a holiday. A．thousand; France B．thousands; France C．thousand; French D．thousands; French 知识点21 Drivers should always tell themselves never to break the traffic rules. 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。（教材P82） break v. “违犯；背弃；（使）破；弄坏；弄破；稍停”。 E.g. Li Ming broke the class rules.He spoke to others in class. 李明违反了班规，他上课跟他人讲话。 He broke the window just now. 他刚刚打破了玻璃。 Let's break for lunch. 我们休息一会儿，吃午饭。 拓展: break还可作名词，意为“休息”，和rest同义。have／take a break意为“休息一下”，可与have／take a rest互换。 E.g. The teachers had a short break after working for a long time. 老师们在工作很长时间后短暂休息了一下。 Let's take a break. 咱们休息会儿吧。 【练习】 1．On Aug. 1st, Pan Zhanle ________ the world record with a time of 46.40 seconds in the men’s 100-meter freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics. A．break B．will break C．broke D．breaks 2．The teacher always tells us never to arrive late ________ the classroom. We shouldn’t ________ the rule. A．for; follow B．to; make C．at; break 知识点22 We shouldn't put our heads or hands out of the car windows. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。（教材P83） head n. “头；头部；负责人”。 E.g. Mr.Zhang is the head of this company. 张先生是这家公司的负责人。 拓展: head还可作动词，意为“前往；位于排行之首；排在前头”。 E.g. Where are you heading? 你准备去哪儿？ Italy heads the table after two games. 两场比赛之后意大利队排名榜首。 【练习】 — What’s one plus one? —Of course it’s two. I can tell you the answer off the top of my head. The underlined part means “________”. A．without thinking B．without courage C．with curiosity D．with pleasure 知识点23 In an art museum, we shouldn't speak loudly. 在艺术博物馆，我们不应该大声说话。（教材P83） speak不及物动词，意为“说话；谈话；演讲；发言”。 E.g. Wang Li wants to speak at the meeting. 王莉想在会议上发言。 May I speak to Kangkang, please? 我可以找一下康康吗？（常用于电话用语中） 拓展: speak还可作及物动词，意为“说（某种语言）”。 E.g. —Do you want to speak English well? 你想说好英语吗？ —Yes,I do. 是的，我想。 辨析： speak，say，talk和tell 单词 词性 意思 常用短语 speak 及物动词 说（某种语言） speak＋语言 会说······ 不及物动词 说话；谈话；演讲；发言 speak to sb. 和某人讲话 say 及物动词 说（强调说的内容） say sth. to sb. 和某人说某事 say thanks/hello/sorry to sb. 向某人致谢／问好／道歉 talk 不及物动词 说话；谈话 talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈 talk about 谈论 tell 及物动词 讲述；告诉（侧重指己方告知另一方） tell a story/stories 讲故事 tell sb.sth. / tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 E.g. Kangkang can speak English and French. 康康会讲英语和法语。 Can you say it to me carefully? 你能仔细跟我说说这件事吗？ My mom often talks with my aunt on the phone. 我妈妈经常跟我姑姑在电话上聊天。 My grandpa often tells stories to my sister and me. 爷爷经常给我和妹妹讲故事。 【练习】 Mr. Gu often ________ at the school assembly (晨会), and he will ________ something important later. A．speaks; tell B．says; speak C．talks; tell D．speaks; say 知识点24 You should listen to the advice. 你应该听从劝告。（教材P83） advice不可数名词，意为“劝告；忠告；建议；意见”，表示数量时，常借助于piece 或some等词。 常用短语：a piece of advice 一条建议 ask sb. for advice 向某人征求建议 take/follow one’s advice 听取某人的建议 give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议 advice on/about... 关于....的建议 E.g. We must follow the doctors' advice if we are ill. 生病时我们要听从医生的建议。 Could you give me some advice about learning English? 你能给我一些关于学习英语的建议吗? 辨析: advice与suggestion都可意为“建议”，其区别如下： 单词 区别 advice 不可数名词，表示“一条建议／忠告”时，要用“a piece of advice”。 suggestion 可数名词，复数形式为suggestions。 E.g. Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。 Here are some of our suggestions. 这是我们的一些建议。 拓展: advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议；劝告”。 advise sb.（not）to do sth. 意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。 E.g. My father advises me to go for a walk with him after dinner. 我爸爸建议我晚饭后跟他一起去散步。 【练习】 1．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 2．There are some of my advice on how to learn spoken English. A．suggestions B．messages C．ways D．habits 知识点25 You should pay attention. 你应该全神贯注。（教材P83） attention n. “注意；专心”。 E.g. He turned his attention back to the road again. 他把注意力转回到道路上。 拓展: pay attention to 意为“注意，留心”，其中to是介词，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句。 E.g. You should pay more attention to your spelling. 你要多注意你的单词拼写。 You should pay attention to taking care of your kids in public. 在公共场所，你要注意照看好自己的孩子。 【练习】 1．We should pay attention to ________ animals’ living environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protects D．protected 2．I didn’t pay attention ________ what she was saying. A．to B．for C．with D．at 单元语法 一、反身代词（Reflexive pronouns） 1) 概念: 反身代词通常与句中所指代的词形成互指关系，和它所指代的词在人称、性别和数方面都要保持 一致。反身代词表示反射或强调，常意为“······自己；······本人”。在句中通常作宾语、主语或宾语的 同位语，也可作表语，一般不能单独作主语。 2）反身代词的构成 人称 数 人称代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I myself 特例： 不定代词one 的反身代词是 oneself 复数 we ourselves 第二人称 单数 you yourself 复数 you yourselves 第三人称 单数 he himself she herself it itself 复数 they themselves 3）反身代词的用法 ①作动词的宾语 常跟动词后构成固定搭配。 E.g. I teach myself English when I have time. 有时间我就会自学英语。 ②作介词的宾语 常与介词to、by、of、for等连用。 E.g. You can make dinner by yourself. 你可以自己做晚餐。 ③作同位语 表示强调，意为“亲自；本身；本人”，位于名词或代词之后。 E.g. He himself cleaned the classroom. 他自己把教室打扫干净了。 I met the singer herself yesterday. 我昨天遇到了那位歌手本人。 注意：反身代词作主语的同位语时，也可放在句末。 E.g. Ma Jun worked out the problem himself. 马君自己解决了这个问题。 ④作表语 通常位于系动词be、look、feel、seem 等词之后，用来描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 E.g. I am not feeling myself today. 今天我感到不舒服。 The little girl in the photo is myself. 照片里的那个小女孩儿是我。 ⑤常与介词by连用，表示独立完成某件事。 E.g. I made the cake by myself. 我独自做了这个蛋糕。 注意: ①反身代词不能单独作主语，但是可以作主语的同位语。 E.g. Herself finished the work. (× ) She herself finished the work. ( √ ) 她自己完成了这项工作。 ②反身代词不能作定语，因为它没有所有格形式，表达“某人自己的”应用one’s own. E.g. Thisis myself bike.（×） This is my own bike. (√ ) 这是我自己的自行车。 4）常见的反身代词的固定搭配 动词之后 介词之后 teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to sth. 随便吃喝······ hurt oneself 伤到自己 introduce oneself 自我介绍 buy oneself sth. 为自己买东西 lose oneself in 沉浸于／陶醉于······中 by oneself 独自的；单独 for oneself 为某人自己；亲自 look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 learn by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 come to oneself 苏醒 【练习】 用适当的反身代词填空。 1. She hurt ____________ while playing basketball yesterday. 2. The children made this model plane all by ____________. 3. "Help ____________ to some fish," Mrs. Smith said to the guests. 4. The boy taught ____________ to play the guitar. （he） 5. I need to learn to rely on ____________ instead of others. 二、情态动词 (must/mustn’t should/shouldn’t ) 1) 概念: 情态动词通常用来表达说话人的情感、态度或语气，主要包括猜测、判断、需要、可能、各种 意愿等。有如下特点： ① 本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 ② 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 ③ 在句子的位置：用在动词之前。 本单元我们主要学习了情态动词must，should的用法。 2）情态动词：must must意为“必须，一定”，多指现在或将来的情况，表示说话人的主观看法。 E.g. We must follow the traffic rules when we ride bikes. 骑车时我们必须遵守交通规则。 辨析：must和have to 单词／短语 意思 用法 must 必须 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要； must没有词形变化，只有一种形式。 have to 必须；不得不 表示客观的需要，不受主观意志的影响； have to有人称、时态和数的变化。 E.g. Wang Hong said she must work hard.王红说她必须努力工作。（主观上觉得应该要去做某事） It rained hard yesterday, so I had to stay at home for a whole day. 昨天雨下得很大，所以我不得不在家待了一整天。（客观情况决定要做某事） 注意： must的否定式为mustn’t，表示“禁止；一定不要；绝对不能”的意思，语气比较强烈。 E.g. You mustn't play football on the road. 你千万不要在马路上踢球。 归纳：must的其他用法 ① must表示推测，意为“一定是；肯定是”，一般用于肯定句中。 E.g. My mother must be very tired after a long day's work. 经过一天繁忙的工作，我妈妈一定非常累。 辨析：情态动词表猜测 单词／短语 意思及用法 must 意为“一定”，一般用于肯定猜测。 can 意为“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 may 意为“可能；也许”，常用于肯定句中。 might 意为“可能；也许”。might是may 的过去式；表推测时，可能性低于may。 E.g. He must be very happy to see you. 见到你他一定很开心。 It can't be Kangkang's homework. I know his handwriting. 这不可能是康康的作业，我认识他的字迹。 She may come here tomorrow,but I'm not sure. 她可能明天来这里，但我不确定。 Li Ming might be at home this evening.今 晚李明可能在家。 ② must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn’t或是don’t have to， 不能用mustn’t。 E.g. —Must I finish the work today? 我必须今天完成工作吗？ —No,you needn't/don't have to. 不，你不用。 3）情态动词：should should 意为“应该；应当”，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形。其否定式为shouldn't。 E.g. We should come to school on time. 我们应该准时到校。 We shouldn't speak loudly in the library. 我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗。 归纳：① 表示征询意见或提出建议。 E.g. We should eat fruit every day 我们应该每天吃水果。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ ② 表示推测。 E.g. She should do some washing.她应该在洗衣服。 ③ 表示义务或责任。 E.g. As students, we should study hard.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。 ④ 表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。 E.g. Why should he do that? 他为什么做出那种事？ ⑤ 表示做某事是正确的或明智的，往往表达说话者的观点。 E.g. When walking on the streets, we should follow the traffic rules. 在街上行走的时候，我们应该遵守交通规则。 【练习】 I. 选择填空。 ( ) 1. —______ I finish my homework before watching TV? —Yes, you ______. It’s a rule in our family. A. Must; mustn’t B. Should; must C. Must; must D. Should; shouldn’t ( ) 2. —Must I clean the classroom now? —No, you ________. You can do it after class. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't ( ) 3. It's raining outside. You ________ take an umbrella. A. must B. have to C. can D. may ( ) 4. The man over there ________ be Mr. Smith. He has gone to New York. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. shouldn't ( ) 5. Students ______ use mobile phones in class. It’s against the school rules. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t II. 句型转换。 1. It’s necessary for you to wear a helmet when riding a bike.（改为同义句） You _________ wear a helmet when riding a bike. 2. Don’t swim in the river alone! It’s dangerous.（用 mustn’t 改写） You _________ swim in the river alone! It’s dangerous. 3. Maybe he is at the library.（用情态动词表示推测） He _________ at the library. 4. It’s a good habit to drink enough water every day.（用 should 改写） You _________ enough water every day. 5. Is it necessary for me to attend the meeting?（用 Must 改写） _________ I attend the meeting? ➽思维导图 ➽基础过关 一、单词拼写 1. Be careful with that knife, or you might __________ (hurt) your fingers. 2. The museum has strict security, with at least two __________ (guard) at every entrance. 3. He broke his leg in a car __________ (accident) last month, but now he is getting better. 4. Pay __________ (attention) to the teacher's instructions, or you'll miss important information. 5. The little boy dressed __________ (himself) in his favorite superhero costume for the party. 二、完成句子 1. You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —________ you ________ a helmet when riding a bike? —Yes, ______ _______. 2. 我们应该每天锻炼来保持健康。（完成译句） We ________ ________ every day to keep healthy. 3. He has to stay at home because of the heavy rain.（改为否定句） He ________ ________ ______ stay at home because of the heavy rain. 4. 你千万不能在图书馆里吃东西。（完成译句） You ________ ________ in the library. 5. 她可能正在家里看电视。（完成译句） She ________ ________ watching TV at home. 3、 单项选择。 （ ）1．—I often ______ my friend, Linda. We like writing letters. —Sounds interesting. A. hear about B. think about C. think of D. hear from （ ）2．Lingling and her family went to Beijing for a trip last summer holiday, and they enjoyed ______ there. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they （ ）3. Wang Bing fought ______ his good friend for a small thing. A. for B. with C. to D. in （ ）4. —We should never ______ the traffic rules because it is not safe. —Of course. A. follow B .take C. have D. break （ ）5. —Learning English well can bring us many ______. —Yes, you're right. A. advantage B. advantages C. difficulty D. difficulties （ ）6．There is a bridge ________ the river. Be careful when you walk ________ it. A．across; over B．over; cross C．cross; across D．over; across （ ）7．________, you can know each other much better. A．In this way B．In some ways C．In the way D．On this way （ ）8．—I can’t ________ the ________ made by these dogs. Can you let them get out? —I can’t do that! I’ll let them calm. A．save; voice B．bear; voice C．bear; noise D．save; noise （ ）9．—Trees play an important part in our life. They provide ________. —________, they keep the air cool and clean. A．wood with us; What’s worse B．us with wood; What’s more C．wood for us; However D．us for wood; Besides （ ）10．Can you give me________? A．an advice B．some advice C．some advices D．any advices ➽能力提升 1、 完形填空。先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Rules are everywhere. When you read in the library, play basketball 1 drive a car, you have to 2 some rules. Rules are 3 to us. You must also follow the rules on the 4 . Linda and her friend Carl go to the US 5 plane. She takes the emergency exit row seat (紧急出口座位). She 6 a card on her seat. The card says: Now you are in an emergency exit row seat. You 7 ◇Be at least (至少) 15 years old and healthy. ◇Be able to (能够) speak and read English very 8 . You must not ◇Sit with a child (two years old and under). ◇Sit with a pet, like a 9 , a bird, etc. This is because you need to be free to give 10 to others. （ ）1．A．but B．if C．or D．so （ ）2．A．follow B．get C．make D．like （ ）3．A．interesting B．relaxing C．terrible D．important （ ）4．A．train B．plane C．subway D．bus （ ）5．A．by B．on C．at D．in （ ）6．A．leaves B．buys C．writes D．sees （ ）7．A．may B．need C．must D．can （ ）8．A．well B．quickly C．early D．really （ ）9．A．car B．map C．dog D．telephone （ ）10．A．food B．help C．seats D．rules 二、阅读理解 A ① Why do we have family rules? Because they can help children to know what is OK and isn’t OK in the family. But how can parents make good family rules for their children? ② When parents make rules, it’s good for them to let their children join in. When parents talk about rules with them, children can obey them easily. Then, what are good family rules like? ③ First, parents should tell their children what to do, not what not to do. For example, “Go to bed before 9:30 p. m.!” is good. “Don’t go to bed late!” isn’t. ④ Second, rules should be clear for children to follow. For example, “Eat an egg every morning!” is good. “It’s important to eat well!” isn’t. ⑤Also, it’s good for parents to write down (写下) the rules to help children remember them. For little children, parents can draw pictures to help them understand the rules. ⑥ In the end (最后), family rules need to be changed (改变). For example, when the children get older, parents should make rules about helping with housework. （ ）1．How does the writer start the passage (作者是怎样开始这篇文章的)? A．By giving a number. B．By asking a question. C．By using an old sayings (谚语). D．By telling a story. （ ）2．The underlined word “obey” in paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A．make B．turn C．tell D．follow （ ）3．According to (根据) the passage, which of the following is a good rule? A．Don’t eat snack in class. B．Eat an apple every day! C．It’s important to get up early. D．Don’t use your phone at school. （ ）4．The writer thinks it’s good to draw pictures about rules for little children because ______. A．pictures can make children happy B．drawing can help parents relax C．they are easy to understand D．they can help children make rules （ ）5．What’s the structure of this passage (文章结构)? ①= Para.(自然段)1    ②= Para.2    ③= Para.3    ④= Para.4    ⑤= Para.5    ⑥= Para.6 A． B． C． D． B It’s useful for children to keep safe when they take a bus. Here are some rules. 6 7 Children must wait until (直到) the bus driver opens the door and says that it’s OK to get on (上车). Children should not walk into the road early. 8 This is important for students because they carry schoolbags. They must stay away from being hurt (受伤) by the door or the seats. Play it cool. Children should know they must be quiet in their seats while the bus is moving (移动). 9 If the drive can’t focus on driving, it’s dangerous to them. Be careful to get off (下车) the bus. 10 When leaving the bus, children should get off slowly. If children follow the rules, they can be safe. A．Wait for the “OK”. B．It’s important for children to follow them. C．For students, it’s a good way to walk to school. D．Children shouldn’t get off the bus before it stops. E．Be careful (小心) to get on the bus. F．Running or climbing on the bus can distract (使分心) the driver. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 11 Exploring the Topic (探索板块) 主题内容 学习目标 主题范畴: 人与社会→公共秩序与法律法规 主题内容： 围绕话题Rules Matter展开，Thinking Skills部分为思维技能学习，借助因果关系图分析事件的前因后果与内在逻辑，让思维可视化。Theme Reading部分为主题阅读活动，帮助学生运用本单元所学的因果分析思维技能和持续提问的阅读策略开展主题阅读。Grammar in Use部分为语法学习与使用，包括反身代词及情态动词must/mustn’t、should/shouldn’t的形式、意义和用法。 1. 语言知识&技能: （1）结合实际生活，运用因果分析的思维技能组织语言，谈论其他交通事故，理清事件的前因后果； （2）借助因果分析图梳理文本的内在逻辑，了解遵守规则的重要性； （3） 在语境中理解反身代词和情态动词must/mustn’t、should/shouldn’t的形式、意义和用法。 2. 文化意识&思维品质: （1）结合实际表达观点，谈论家规及其重要性； （2）联系实际谈论生活中其他场合的规则及其重要性，强化遵规守纪的意识； （3）在新语境中运用所学语法知识，描述不同生活场景下的规则，并树立规则意识。 3. 学习策略: （1）运用因果分析的思维技能绘制因果关系图，了解事件的前因后果和内在逻辑； （2）运用读前、读中、读后持续提问的阅读策略，获取文本的主要内容和关键信息； （3） 归纳总结反身代词的表达形式，并对比情态动词must和should在形式、意义和使用上的区别。 ➽自主预习 请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型，并完成下面的表格。 词性 中文 英文 重点 单词 名词 1. 结果；影响 effect 2. 墙，墙壁；城墙 wall 3. 家务劳动；家务事 housework 4. 优点 advantage 5. 警卫，看守 guard 6. （交通）事故；意外 accident 7. 噪声 noise 8. 自然环境；生态环境 environment 9. 法律；法规 law 10. 劝告；建议 advice 11. 注意；专心 attention 12. （墙或门上等的）窥视孔 peephole 13. 陌生人 stranger 14. 递送；传送；交付 delivery 15. 球场；法院 court 动词 1. （使）疼痛，受伤 hurt 2. 穿越；横过 cross 3. 说话；谈话 speak 形容词 1. 公正的；公道的 fair 2. 亲爱的 dear 副词 1. 慢速地；缓慢地 slowly 2. 吵闹地；嘈杂地 loudly 代词 1. 他自己 himself 2. 她自己 herself 3. 它自己（指施动并受其影响的动物或事物） itself 4. 我们自己 ourselves 连词 因为；既然 since 兼词 1. n.原因；起因 v.造成；引起；导致 cause 2. adv./adj. 独自 alone 3. v.打架；打仗；努力争取；为······斗争n.打架；比赛 fight 4. n.头脑；大脑；心思 v.介意 mind 5. n.法语；法国人 adj.法国的；法国人的；法语的 French 6. v. 违犯，背弃；（使）破；弄坏；弄破；稍停 n.休息 break 7. n.头；负责人 v.前往 head 重点 短语 中文 英文 中文 英文 1. 玩得开心 enjoy oneself 2. 几米之外 a few meters away 3. 从······中出来 come out of 4. 撞上；偶然遇见 run into 5. 伤了腿 hurt one’s leg 6. 伤了某人自己 hurt oneself 7. 培养一些好习惯 develop some good habits 8. 起床 get up 9. 立刻；马上 at once 10. 帮忙做家务 help with housework 11. 遵守规则 follow the rules 12. 从······里面看；浏览；快速查看 look through 13. 开门；应门 answer the door 14. 保证某人安全 keep sb.safe 15. 过马路 cross the road 16. 用这种方式／方法 in this way 17. 远离 keep away from 18. 交通事故 traffic accidents 19. 让事情变得有序 keep things in order 20. 制造噪声 make some noise 21. 而且，更有甚者 what’s more 22. 与某人吵架；争论；打架 fight with sb. 23. 收到某的来信 hear from sb. 24. 把······记在心里 keep...in mind 25. 独自地 by oneself 26. 自学 teach oneself 27. 违反交通规则 break the traffic rues 28. 交通标志 traffic signs 29. 看两边 look at both sides 30. 玩火 play with fire 31. 违法 break the law 32. 注意 pay attention 重点 句型 中文 英文 1．孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves． 2. 突然，一辆车从路口驶出。 Suddenly a car came out of the turn． 3．他向右转弯，撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 He turned right，ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 4．他撞上了墙并并伤了自己。 He ran into the wall and hurt himself． 5. 为了让康康养成一些好习惯，他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 To help Kanghang develop some good habits, his parents made some rules for him. 6. 早上6点半起床并且整理卧室。 Get up at 6：30 a.m. and tidy up the bedroom. 7. 放学后立到回家。 Go home at once after school. 8. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 Do homework on time and help with housework. 9. 晚上十点钟上床睡觉。 Go to bed at 10：00 p.m. 10. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则，因为他知道它们对他有好处。 Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 11. 在一个周日的下午，我正在家里做家庭作业。 On a Sunday afernoon, I was doing my homework at home. 12. 突然有人门。 Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. 13. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 14. 我决定不开门然后回去写作业。 I decided not to answer the door and went back to do my homework. 15. 我们生活在一个充满规则的世界。 We live in a world of rules. 16. 当我们过马路的时候，我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 When we cross the road, we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 17. 通过这种方式，我们可以远离交通事故。 In this way, we can keep away from traffic accidents. 18. 同样，规则也会让事情井然有序。 Also, rules keep things in order. 19. 比如，我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪音。 For example, we shouldn't eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 20. 而且，规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。 hat's more, rules can bring us more fun. 21. 游戏只有在公平的前提下才有趣。 A game is fun when it is fair. 22. 这个世界因为规则而变得更美好。 The world is a better place with rules. 23. 很开心收到你的来信。 I'm happy to hear from you. 24. 因为你想了解我的班规，所以我想告诉你一些。 Since you want to know my class rule, I'd like to tell you some of them. 25. 我们应该永远不与人打架，因为安全永远是第一位的。 We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 26. 规则对我们真的非常重要，所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 27. 肖芳自学法语,吉姆自学汉语。 Xiao Fang teaches herself French, and Jim teaches himself Chinese. 28. 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。 Drivers should always tell themselves never to break the traffic rules. 29. 在过马路前我们必须要看路的两边。 We must look at both sides before crossing the road. 30. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。 We shouldn't put our heads or hands out of the car windows. 31. 街上有许多人，所以你必须缓慢驾驶。 There are many people on the street, so you must drive slowly. 32. 当你在其他国家旅行时，你需要了解当地的规则，千万不要违法。 When you are traveling in other countries, you need to know the rules and mustn't break the law. 33. 你应该寻求帮助。 You should ask for help. 34. 你应该听从劝告。 You should listen to the advice. 35. 你应该全神贯注。 You should pay attention. 小试牛刀：用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Before you make a decision, you should listen to your parents' advice. (advice) 2. It is against the law to steal things from others. (law) 3. Be careful with that knife, or you might hurt yourself. (hurt) 4. Look both ways before you cross the street. (across) 5. It's not good to fight with your classmates; try to solve problems peacefully. (fight) ➽问题探究 知识点1 Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves. 孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。（教材P78） enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；玩得愉快”。可与have a good time、have fun等互换。 E.g. We enjoyed ourselves in the Great wall. 我们在长城玩得很开心。 = We ______ _____ ______ ______ / ______ ______ in the Great Wall. 注意: oneself要与其逻辑主语的人称和数保持一致。 知识点2 Suddenly a car came out of the turn. 突然，一辆车从路口驶出。（教材P78） come out of 意为“从······中出来”，指从某个地方或某物中出现或出来。 E.g. The little boy came out of a small old house, but with smiles on his face. 这个小男孩从一所破旧的小房子里出来了，但面带微笑。 拓展：come out of还可意为“产生于，源于（某事物）”。 E.g. This book came out of his experiences in China. 这本书取材于他在中国的经历。 【题型精讲】 —Where is the bus stop? —________ the Children’s Park and turn right. You can see a lot of people on the left side of the street. The bus stop is right there. A．Go into B．Jump out of C．Turn into D．Come out of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——公共汽车站在哪里？——从儿童公园出来右转，在街道的左边你能看到许多人，公共汽车站在那里右边。 Go into 走进……；Jump out of 从……跳出来；Turn into 变成，进入；Come out of从……出来。根据“You can see a lot of people on the left side of the street.”可知，此处是说从儿童公园出来。故选D。 知识点3 He turned right, ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 他向右转弯，撞上了墙并且伤了腿。（教材P78） 1）run into意为“撞上”，表示用力撞上某物。 E.g. Mingming rode his bike so fast that he couldn't stop at once, so he ran into a big tree. 明明车骑得太快以至于不能马上停下来，所以他撞上了一棵大树。 拓展：run into sb. 碰见；偶然遇见 run into sth. 途中遭遇（恶劣天气） E.g. Guess who I ran into today! 猜猜我今天碰见了谁！ We ran into thick fog on the way home. 在回家的路上，我们遇上了大雾。 2）hurt v.“（使）疼痛；受伤”。既可指由于碰撞等造成的身体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。其过去式是hurt。 常用短语：hurt oneself 伤了某人自己 E.g. He hurt himself playing basketball. 他打篮球时受伤了。 拓展：hurt的其他用法：hurt作名词，意为“痛苦；伤害”；作形容词，意为“（身体上或感情上）受伤的”。 E.g. There was hurt and real anger in her voice.（作名词）她的声音里有痛苦，也有真正的愤怒。 None of the passengers were badly hurt.（作形容词）乘客中没有人严重受伤。 【题型精讲】 1．The boy hurt ________ while he was using a knife to cut up the vegetables. A．himself B．herself C．itself D．ourselves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩在用刀切蔬菜时伤了自己。 考查反身代词。himself 他自己；herself 她自己；itself 它自己；ourselves 我们自己。根据“The boy hurt...while he was using a knife to cut up the vegetables”可知，主语和宾语是同一人，使用反身代词，男性，所以用himself。故选A。 2．Unluckily, my younger sister ________ off a bike and ________ her leg. A．fell; hurt B．felt; hurted C．felt; hurt D．falled; hurted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不幸的是，我的妹妹从自行车上摔了下来，伤了腿。 考查动词。fell跌落，是fall的过去式；hurt过去式是hurt，受伤；felt感到。第一空横线后是自行车，所以是从自行车上跌落，所以是fell，第二空是伤到了腿，所以是hurt。故选A。 知识点4 Do homework on time and help with housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。（教材P79） 1）help with意为“帮助”。后接事物或人。 E.g. Mark always helps with the volunteer work. 马克总是帮着做志愿者工作。 拓展: help sb.with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”，可与help sb.（to）do sth. 互换。 E.g. Lili often helps her mother with housework. = Lili often helps her mother do housework. 丽丽经常帮助她妈妈做家务。 2）housework不可数名词，意为“家务劳动；家务事”。是由“house＋work”构成的不可数名词。 do（the）housework意为“做家务”，housework前可用little、much、a lot of等词或短语修饰。 E.g. Children should help do housework at home. 孩子们在家应该帮助做家务。 拓展：类似的合成词还有 homework 家庭作业 schoolwork 功课；学业 workplace 工作场所 【题型精讲】 1．If you have any problems, come to our community centre to _________ them. A．help with B．help do C．get help do D．get help with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你有任何问题，来我们的社区中心寻求帮助。 考查动词短语。help with帮助（某人做某事）；help do帮助做；get help do错误表达；get help with获得关于……的帮助。根据“If you have any problems, come to our community centre to...them.”可知，如果有任何问题，来社区中心寻求关于问题的相关帮助。故选D。 2．She often helps her mother ________ the housework. A．do B．does C．doing D．to doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她经常帮她妈妈做家务。 考查非谓语动词。help sb. (to) do sth.“帮某人做某事”，固定短语，所以此处应为动词原形do。故选A。 知识点5 Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则，因为他知道它们对他有好处。（教材P79） follow the rules动词短语，意为“遵守规则”，可与obey the rules互换。 E.g. You must follow the rules if you join us. 如果你加入我们，你必须遵守规则。 拓展: follow的相关短语 follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事 follow the example of... 效仿，学习；以.....为榜样 E.g. You should follow the doctor’s advice when you are ill. 生病时你要听从医生的建议。 Wang Bing followed his father to be a teacher. 王兵子承父业成为了一名老师。 Kangkang got the first place in this exam. You should follow the example of him to be a good student. 康康这次考试获得了第一名，你们应该以他为榜样，成为一名优秀的学生。 【题型精讲】 1. You must follow the ________ rules when riding a bike. A．class B．family C．school D．traffic 【答案】D 【详解】句意：骑自行车时你必须遵守交通规则。 考查名词辨析。class班级；family家庭；school学校；traffic交通。根据“when riding a bike.”可知，必须遵守交通规则。故选D。 2. We should follow the rules. (改为祈使句) the rules. 【答案】Follow 【详解】句意：我们应该遵守规则。祈使句以动词原形开头，follow符合，句首首字母大写。故填Follow。 知识点6 Alone at Home 独自在家（教材P79） alone adj./adv. “独自”。 E.g. The girl walked alone in the forest. She was a little scared. 这个女孩儿独自在森林行走，她有点儿害怕。 拓展: be alone with sb./sth. 意为“与某人／某物独处”。 E.g. Lili is not alone in helping others often. 并不只有丽丽一个人经常帮助他人。 I don't want to be alone with a stranger for a whole day. 我不想和一个陌生人单独相处一整天。 辨析: alone和lonely 单词 词性 意思 句法功能 用法 alone 形容词 单独；独自 常作表语 强调客观情况，表示单独、独自完成某事，无感情色彩。 副词 单独；独自 常作状语，相当于 on one's own/by oneself lonely 形容词 孤独的； 寂寞的 常作表语 强调主观感受，指心理上感到孤独、寂寞，有感情色彩。 偏僻的； 人迹罕至的 作表语或定语 用来说明地方荒凉。 E.g. The old lady lives alone. 这位老人独自居住。 She feels lonely because she has no friends to talk with in the new city. 她感到孤独，因为在这座新的城市她没有朋友可交流。 【题型精讲】 Mary doesn’t feel ________ although she lives ________ in Chicago. She always finds something interesting to do. A．alone; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; lonely D．lonely; alone 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管玛丽独自一人生活在芝加哥，但她并不感到孤独。她总是能找到一些有趣的事情来做。 考查形容词辨析。alone独自地，副词，侧重于说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，指的是客观情况；lonely孤独的，形容词，带有浓厚的感情色调，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊时所发生的一种悲伤的和忧郁的感情，意思是“孤独”、“寂寞”，作形容词。根据语境可知，第一空修饰动词feel，应用形容词lonely；第二空修饰动词lives，应用副词alone。故选D。 知识点7 On a Sunday afternoon, I was doing my homework at home. 在一个周日的下午，我正在家里做家庭作业。（教材P79） 此句的时态是过去进行时，表示过去某一具体时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为 “was／were＋doing”。 E.g. They were playing basketball from 9to 10 yesterday morning. 他们昨天上午从9点到10点一直在打篮球 【题型精讲】 1. Mandy ________ ATTT from nine to ten last night. Camilla and Alex were doing the same thing. A．was reciting B．were reciting C．recited D．has recited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨晚从九点到十点，曼迪一直在背诵ATTT。卡米拉和亚历克斯也在做同样的事。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“from nine to ten last night”可知此处指过去某一时段正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语“Mandy”后接be动词was。故选A。 2．—What ________ you doing at this moment yesterday? —I was reading a book. A．are B．were C．is D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨天的这个时候在做什么？——我正在看书。 考查动词时态。由“What…you doing at this moment yesterday”可知，表示过去某一刻正在做什么，时态为过去进行时。故选B。 知识点8 Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. 突然有人敲门。（教材P79） knock n. “敲击声；敲门（或窗户）声”。 E.g. I heard a loud knock on the wall, so l couldn't fall asleep. 我听到墙上传来巨大的敲击声，所以我就没法入睡了。 链接: knock还可作动词，意为“敲；击”。 常用短语：knock on/at 敲击（门、窗等） knock down 撞到；击倒 E.g. Someone knocks on/at the door while I am doing my homework. 我在写作业的时候有人敲门。 The poor man was knocked down by a car. 这位可怜的男士被小汽车撞倒了 【题型精讲】 1．Someone ________ at the door. Can you answer it? A．knocks B．knocked C．is knocking D．are knocking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有人在敲门。你能去应门吗？ 考查时态。根据“Someone...at the door. Can you answer it”可知是有人正在敲门，句子用现在进行时，主语是Someone，be动词用is。故选C。 2．Please knock _______ the door before you come in. A．to B．for C．into D．on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：进来前请敲门。 考查介词辨析。to朝；for为了；into在里面；on在上面。根据“knock ...the door”可知是敲门，应用on表示。故选D。 知识点9 I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 （教材P79） look through 动词短语，意为“从······里面看”。 E.g. I looked through the window and saw some kids playing football happily. 从窗户看过去，我看见一些孩子在开心地踢足球。 拓展: look through还可意为“浏览；快速查看”。 E.g. I looked through the book quickly and found nothing interesting. 我快速地浏览了这本书，没有发现什么有趣的内容。 归纳: ① look的相关短语 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look forward to 期待 look around 环顾四周 look over 查看; 检查 look up 查找；查阅 look out 当心 look down on/upon 轻视；看不起 ② through的相关短语 run through 流经某地 go through 通过；经过；渡过 E.g. The Changjiang River runs through many parts of China. 长江流经中国许多地区。 With the help of his parents and friends, he went through difficult times in the end. 在父母和好友的帮助下，他最终渡过了那段艰难的时光。 【题型精讲】 1. I have ______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes. A．looked through B．looked for C．looked after D．looked out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我仔细检查了所有的文件，但我仍然没有找到我的笔记。A. looked through检查；翻看；B. looked for寻找；C. looked after照顾；D. looked out小心；往外看（不及物）。根据句意，结合选项，可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。 2. 你应该仔细阅读这本书，而不是就这么快速浏览一遍。（完成译句） You should read this book carefully instead of ________ ________ it so quickly. 【答案】 looking through 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“浏览”，其英文表达为look through，instead of中的of为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。意为 “代替；而不是”。故填looking through。 知识点10 When we cross the road,we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候，我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。（教材P80） cross v. “穿过；横过；交叉”。常在句中作谓语，相当于“动词＋across”。 E.g. Cross the bridge, and you'll find the bookstore on your right. 穿过这座桥，你会看到书店在你的右侧。 When my little sister is angry, she often crosses her arms and stamps her feet. 当我的小妹妹生气的时候，她经常会交叉双手抱臂并且跺脚。 辨析: cross和across 单词 词性 意思 用法 cross 动词 穿过；横过 动词后接名词或代词作宾语，常与river、bridge、road 和 street 等名词连用。 across 介词 横过 常与walk、go、swim 和run等动词连用，表示从一边到另一边，从表面越过。 E.g. Don't cross the road when the traffic light is red. 红灯时不要过马路。 Don't swim across the river. It's too dangerous. 不要游过这条河。太危险了。 拓展: cross还可作名词，意为“十字形记号；叉字形记号” E.g. Put a tick if the answer is correct and a cross if it's wrong. 答案正确打钩，错误打叉。 【题型精讲】 1．—There is a bridge ________ the river. What can you see ________ it? —Oh, an elephant is standing over there. A．over; across B．above; cross C．on; across D．over; cross 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——河上有一座桥。在桥的另一边你能看到什么？ ——哦，一头大象正站在那边。 考查介词辨析。over在……正上方；across穿过；横过；above在……上方；on在……上面；cross穿过。根据“There is a bridge…it”可知，空处①指的是河上有一座桥，桥是在河的正上方，用over；空处②指的是在桥的另一边你能看到什么，across it表示在桥的另一边，故选A。 2．—Look! A little girl is ________ the street and there are so many cars! —Let’s help her go ________! A．acrossing; across B．crossing; cross C．crossing; across D．acrossing; cross 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！一个小女孩正在过马路，并且那有很多车。——让我们帮她过去。 考查动词时态和副词用法。cross穿过，动词；across穿过，介词或副词。第一个空，前面有be动词，并要表示正在穿过，所以用动词进行时。第二个空前面有动词，因此后面接副词。故选C。 知识点11 In this way, we can keep away from traffic accidents. 通过这种方式，我们可以远离交通事故。（教材P80） 1）in this way 意为“用这种方式／方法”。 E.g. In this way, he finished his homework quickly. 用这种方式，他很快就完成了作业。 拓展：in many ways 用许多方式；在许多方面 in different ways 用不同的方式；在不同方面 E.g. Think twice, then you can solve the problem in many ways. 多想想，然后你就可以用许多方法去解决这个问题。 The new machine is used in many ways.这台新机器被运用在许多方面。 Wang Lin likes working out math problems in different ways. 王林喜欢用不同的方式来计算数学题。This machine can be used in different ways in our life. 这个机器可以用在我们生活中的不同方面。 2）keep away from意为“远离”，可与stay away from互换。 e.g. During the summer holidays, children should keep away from the rivers and lakes. 暑假期间，孩子们应该远离河流湖泊 【题型精讲】 1. AI can change our lives ________. A．in different ways B．by different ways C．on different ways D．with different ways 【答案】A 【详解】句意：人工智能技术在很多方面改变了我们的日常生活。 考查介词短语。根据“AI can change our lives...”，结合选项，可知“in different ways在不同的方面”，符合题意。故选A。 2. 如果你想保持健康，你应该远离垃圾食品。（完成译句） If you want to keep fit, you should ______ ______ ______ junk food. 【答案】 keep away from 【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语keep/stay away from “远离”，故填 keep/stay away from 。 知识点12 Also, rules keep things in order. 同样，规则也会让事情井然有序。（教材P80） keep...in order意为“使······整齐有序”。order在此处作名词，意为“顺序；次序”。 Kangkang is careful and serious, so he often keeps his things in order. 康康认真又严谨，所以他经常把他的东西整理得井然有序。 The house had been kept in good order. 房子保持得井井有条。 拓展：put...in order意为“排序；把······整理得井然有序”。 E.g. Please put the following sentences in the right order. 请把下面的句子按正确的顺序排列。 【题型精讲】 Look at the picture! The students are ________. A．getting into the car B．running after each other C．asking the policeman for help D．crossing the road in order (有序的) 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看这张照片！学生们正有序地过马路。 考查动词短语。getting into the car上车；running after each other彼此追逐；asking the policeman for help向警察求助；crossing the road in order有序地过马路。根据图片内容可知，学生们正在有序过马路。故选D。 知识点13 For example, we shouldn't eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 比如，我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪声。 （教材P80） noise n. “噪声；响声；声音；吵闹声”。 E.g. Don't make a noise. Others are sleeping. 别出声，其他人正在睡觉。 The kids are making much noise. 这些孩子太吵了。 辨析: noise，voice和sound 单词 意思 用法 noise 噪声；响声；声音；吵闹声 指令人不舒服的噪音、噪声。 voice 嗓音；说话声 指人说话时的声音，常和介词in连用构成短语。 sound 声音 泛指自然界能听到的一切声音。 E.g. Making noise in class is against the class rules. 在课堂上制造噪声违反班规。 "Don't eat in class!" the teacher said in an angry voice. “不要在课堂上吃东西！”老师生气地说。 I enjoy listening to the sound of running water in the wild. 我喜欢在野外听流水的声音。 【题型精讲】 The children are making ________. How ________ they are! A．noises; noise B．noisy; noisy C．noises; noisy D．noisy; noise 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们在制造噪音。他们真吵！ 考查动词短语和词义辨析。make noises“制造噪音”，是固定短语；noisy意为“吵闹的” ，用在are后，作表语。故选C。 知识点14 What's more, rules can bring us more fun. 而且，规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。（教材P80） What’s more意为“而且，更有甚者”，表示说话意思的递进。 当“此外，另外”讲时，与单词moreover同义。 E.g. Running is a good habit. What's more, it can build us up. 跑步是个好习惯，而且，它能增强我们的体质。 Reading can improve your knowledge. What's more/Moreover, it can also open your eyes and mind. 读书能丰富你的知识。此外，它还能够拓宽你的视野和思路。 【题型精讲】 1. —I think doing sports can help us keep healthy. —What’s more, it can help us develop good habits. A．In fact B．In addition C．At last 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我认为运动可以帮助我们保持健康。——另外，它可以帮助我们养成良好的习惯。 考查介词短语和同义词。In fact事实上；In addition另外；At last最后。根据题干可知，划线部分“What’s more”表示“另外”，B选项“另外”与之意思相同。故选B。 2．I advise you ____ a Xinhua Dictionary. It's a useful book, and ______, not an expensive one. A．to buy; what’s more B．buying; however C．buying; what’s more D．to buy;however 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我建议你买一本新华字典，它是一本很有用的书，而且不贵。 to buy动词不定式；buying动名词；what’s more而且；however然而，表示转折。第一句话使用了句型advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事，这里应用动词不定式，排除B和C；第二个空表示补充，应用what’s more。故选A。 知识点15 A game is fun when it is fair. 游戏在公平的前提下才有趣。（教材80） fair adj. “公平的；公正的；公道的”。 E.g. The exam results were quite fair. 这次考试的结果十分公平公正。 拓展：fair的其他用法 作形容词，意为“晴朗的；浅色的；白皙的”；作名词，意为“露天游乐场；集市；展销会；商品交易会”。 E.g. The weather is fair these days.（作形容词）近段时间天气晴朗。 She has long fair hair. 她有一头浅色长发。 Let’s take the kids to the fair.（作名词）咱们带孩子去游乐场吧。 We went to the fair and saw many things on sale. 我们去了商品展销会，看到了许多东西都在促销。 【题型精讲】 —Did you go to the book fair?   —Yes, I bought a lot of secondhand books there. A．list B．site C．market 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去书展了吗？——去了，我在那儿买了很多二手书。 考查名词辨析。list清单；site地点；market市场。fair在此处意为“市集”，与“market”含义相同，故选C。 知识点16 Dear Yiming: I'm happy to hear from you. 亲爱的易明：很开心收到你的来信。（教材P81） 1）dear adj. “亲爱的”。 E.g. I missed my dear friends so much after I moved to a new city. 在搬去一个新的城市后，我非常想念我亲爱的朋友们。 拓展: dear作形容词时还可意为“昂贵；价格高”，和expensive同义。 E.g. Everything is so dear in this shopping center. = Everything is so expensive in this shopping center. 这个购物中心的所有东西都非常昂贵。 2） hear from动词短语，意为“收到（某人的）来信、电话等”，后跟人称代词的宾格形式。可与get／receive a letter from 或 get／receive a call from互换。 E.g. Kangkang heard from his pen pal. = Kangkang got/received a letter from his pen pal. 康康收到了笔友的来信。 【题型精讲】 1．It’s been two months since I last ________ Susan. I miss her very much. A．hear from B．have heard from C．heard from D．will hear from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我上次收到苏珊的信已经两个月了。我非常想念她。 考查动词时态。根据“It’s been two months since…”可知，此处是句型It is/has been+时间段+since从句，表示“自从……有……了”，从句常用一般过去时。故选C。 2．I often hear from my pen pal. A．receive a letter from B．hear of C．write a letter to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我经常收到我笔友的来信。 考查动词短语辨析。receive a letter from收到某人的来信；hear of听说；write a letter to给某人写信。hear from表示“收到某人的来信”，与A选项语意相同，故选A。 3．—Hi, Linda. Are you writing _______ Tom?   —Yes. I _______ him yesterday. A．to; heard out B．to; heard from C．with; hear from D．from; hear out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，琳达。你正在给汤姆写信吗？——是的。我昨天收到他的来信了。 考查动词短语和时态。write to sb.“给某人写信”；write with“用（某工具）写”；hear out“细心听取”；hear from“收到某人来信”。根据“writing ...Tom”可知，第一空使用to，表示给汤姆写信，排除C、D；根据“him yesterday”可知，第二空使用“heard from”，表示收到了汤姆的来信，所以现在正在给他写信。故选B。 知识点17 Since you want to know my class rules, I'd like to tell you some of them. 因为你想了解我的班规，所以我想告诉你一些。（教材P81） since conj. “因为；既然”，用来表示显而易见、已为人知的原因，引导原因状语从句。 E.g. Since you like it,you can have more. 既然你喜欢它，不妨多吃点。 辨析: because，since，as和for 单词 意思 用法 because 由于；因为 明确的因果关系，表示事情发生的原因。 since 既然；因为 表示显而易见或已为人知的原因，语气比because稍弱。 as 由于；因为 表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，在双方都知道的情况下使用，语气比since 稍弱。 for 由于；因为 表示推断或附加的理由，语气最弱，放在所要说明的句子后面。 E.g. I have to stay at home because it is raining hard outside. 因为外面雨下得很大，所以我不得不待在家里。 Since you are used to the life here,you can stay here for more days. 既然你已经习惯了这儿的生活，不妨多待几天。 As you weren't there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。 He ate a little, for he didn't like the food here. 由于他不喜欢这儿的食物，他吃得不多。 拓展: since还可作介词，意为“自······以来；从······以后”，后面常跟有关时间的名词或短语。 E.g. She has lived in Beijing since 1994. 自从1994年以来她一直住在北京。 She has lived in Beijing since 20 years ago. 自从20年前，她就住在北京。 【题型精讲】 — You have been in Neijiang for a long time? — Yeah, ________ my parents came here, ________ about ten years. A．when; for B．for; since C．when; in D．since; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 你在内江待了很久了吗？ —— 是的，自从我父母来到这里，大约有十年了。 考查时间状语从句和介词辨析。when当……；in在……里面；since自从；for持续，加一段时间。根据“my parents came here”可知，第一空表示“自从我父母来到这里”；根据“about ten years”可知，for后接时间段，用来表示动作持续的时间长度。故选D。 知识点18 We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 我们应该永远不与人打架，因为安全永远是第一位的。（教材P81） fight v.“打架；打仗；努力争取；为······斗争”。其过去式为fought。 fight with sb. 意为“与某人打架／打仗”。 E.g. I'm very sad because I fought with my best friend. 我很难过，因为我和我最好的朋友打架了。 We must never fight with others at school, it is against the school rules. 在学校我们永远不要与人打架，这违反校规。 拓展：fight的相关短语 fight against 与....斗争;抵抗 fight about/over sth. 为某事/物而争论 fight to do sth. 努力争取;为...斗争 fight for 为....而战/奋斗 fight back 奋力抵抗；还击 fight sb./sth. fff 抵抗；击退 E.g. The police are fighting against the criminals all the time. 警方一直不遗余力地与犯罪分子作斗争。 There is no need to fight about/ over a small thing. 不需要为了一件小事而争论。 The young should fight hard for the bright future. 年轻人要为了光明的未来而努力奋斗。 Fight back bravely if someone bullies you. 如果有人欺侮你，一定要勇敢还击。 Vitamin A helps your body fight off infection. 维生素A有助人体对抗感染。 She fought hard to get this film made. 经她努力争取，这部电影才得以面世。 拓展: fight还可作名词，意为“搏斗；打架；打斗；比赛”。 have a fight with sb. 与某人打架 E.g. Li Lei had a fight with his best friend, and then he said sorry to him. 李雷和他的好朋友打了一架，后来他向好朋友道歉了。 【题型精讲】 1. Like Ne Zha, we should fight ________ all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．against B．without C．beyond D．across 【答案】A 【详解】句意：像哪吒一样，我们应该对抗一切困难来实现梦想。 考查介词辨析和动词短语。against对抗；without没有；beyond超越；across穿过。根据“all the difficulties”可知此处是固定短语fight against“与……斗争”，强调克服困难，故选A。 2．My little brothers are always ________. A．fight B．fought C．fighting D．to fight 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的小弟弟们总是在打架。 考查现在进行时态。根据“My little brothers are always...”可知，此处表示对小弟弟们总是打架这种行为的一种描述，因此句子应该使用现在进行时态。构成为“be+动词现在分词”。故选C。 知识点19 Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 规则对我们真的非常重要，所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。（教材P81） mind n. “头脑；大脑；心思”。keep...in mind意为“记住；将······记在心中”。 E.g. We must keep the traffic rules in mind to keep us safe. 我们要把交通规则牢记在心以保证我们自身的安全。 拓展: ① mind的相关短语 make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事 change one’s mind 改变某人的想法/主意 in one’s mind 在某人心目中；在某人脑海里 E.g. Nothing can change my mind to be a doctor. 没有什么能改变我要成为医生的想法。 In my mind, my mom is a hard-working woman. 在我心里，我妈妈是个勤奋的人。 Li Ming made up his mind to study math well. 李明下定决心学好数学。 ② mind还可作动词，意为“介意”，后跟v-ing 形式。 E.g. I don't mind living here. 我不介意住这儿。 以下是常见的回答方式： 1. 如果不介意（愿意做）： "No, not at all."（不，完全不介意。）→ 最常用 "No, go ahead."（不介意，你做吧。）→ 如果对方请求许可 "Sure, I can do that."（当然，我可以做。）→ 更主动表示愿意 "Of course not."（当然不介意。）→ 比较礼貌 2. 如果介意（不愿意做）： "Actually, I’d rather not."（其实，我宁愿不做。）→ 委婉拒绝 "Sorry, but I do mind."（抱歉，我有点介意。）→ 直接但礼貌 "I’d prefer if you could do it."（我希望你能做。）→ 建议对方自己做 【题型精讲】 1. —Excuse me, would you mind my ________ your dictionary for a week? —________. Help yourself. A．using; Of course B．to use; All right C．using; Not at all D．to use; Of course not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你介意我用你的字典一周吗？——一点也不介意，请自便。 考查非谓语动词和情景交际。use使用，of course当然可以；all right好的；not at all一点也不介意；of course not当然不。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，根据句意可知，第一空用using；根据“help yourself”可知是一点也不介意对方用自己的字典，用Not at all符合语境。故选C。 2．— Would you mind me ________the window? I feel kind of cold. — Of course not. A．opening B．to close C．closing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 你介意我关上窗户吗？我感觉有点冷。—— 当然不介意。 考查非谓语动词。would you mind doing sth.表示“你介意做某事吗”，固定用法。故选C。 知识点20 Xiao Fang teaches herself French,and Jim teaches himself Chinese. 肖芳自学法语，吉姆自学汉语。（教材P82） French n. “法语”。 E.g. He learns French as a second language. 他学习法语作为第二外语。 拓展: ① French还可作形容词，意为“法国的；法国人的；法语的”。 E.g. This is a classical French food. 这是一种经典的法国食物。 ② “法国人”的表达有两种： the French 常用复数，表示法国人群体或统称。 Frenchman强调个体，复数形式Frenchmen。 E.g. The French like traveling a lot, so you can often see some Frenchmen travel around the world. 法国人酷爱旅行，你经常能看到一些法国人在全世界旅行。 【题型精讲】 1. They are _________. They live in _________. A．Frenchmen, French B．Germans, Germany C．German, German D．France, French 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们是德国人。他们住在德国。 考查特定名词。Frenchmen法国人（复数），French法语；Germans德国人（复数），Germany德国；German德国人（单数）；France法国。根据“They are...”可知，第一空排除C、D选项。根据“They live in...”，第二空可排除A选项。故选B。 2．Every year, ________ of tourists choose ________ to take a holiday. A．thousand; France B．thousands; France C．thousand; French D．thousands; French 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年，成千上万的游客选择去法国度假。 考查名词和大数的表达。thousand千；thousands of成千上万；France法国；French法语，法国的。表示成千上万的游客时，应用“thousands of”，排除A和C选项；根据“choose…to take a holiday.”可知，第二空指的是去法国度假，应填France，排除D选项。故选B。 知识点21 Drivers should always tell themselves never to break the traffic rules. 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。（教材P82） break v. “违犯；背弃；（使）破；弄坏；弄破；稍停”。 E.g. Li Ming broke the class rules.He spoke to others in class. 李明违反了班规，他上课跟他人讲话。 He broke the window just now. 他刚刚打破了玻璃。 Let's break for lunch. 我们休息一会儿，吃午饭。 拓展: break还可作名词，意为“休息”，和rest同义。have／take a break意为“休息一下”，可与have／take a rest互换。 E.g. The teachers had a short break after working for a long time. 老师们在工作很长时间后短暂休息了一下。 Let's take a break. 咱们休息会儿吧。 【题型精讲】 1．On Aug. 1st, Pan Zhanle ________ the world record with a time of 46.40 seconds in the men’s 100-meter freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics. A．break B．will break C．broke D．breaks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会上，潘展乐在8月1日在男子100米自由泳比赛中以46.40秒的成绩打破了世界纪录。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“On Aug. 1st”可知事件已经发生的事实，应用一般过去时，故选C。 2．The teacher always tells us never to arrive late ________ the classroom. We shouldn’t ________ the rule. A．for; follow B．to; make C．at; break 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师总是告诉我们不要在教室迟到。我们不应该违反规定。 考查介词辨析和动词辨析。for为了；to到；at在；follow遵守；make做；break违反。根据“The teacher always tells us never to arrive late…the classroom.”可知，此处指不要到教室太晚了，arrive at+小地点“到达某地”，动词短语；根据“We shouldn’t…the rule.”可知，此处指不应该违反规定，break the rule“违反规定”，动词短语。故选C。 知识点22 We shouldn't put our heads or hands out of the car windows. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。（教材P83） head n. “头；头部；负责人”。 E.g. Mr.Zhang is the head of this company. 张先生是这家公司的负责人。 拓展: head还可作动词，意为“前往；位于排行之首；排在前头”。 E.g. Where are you heading? 你准备去哪儿？ Italy heads the table after two games. 两场比赛之后意大利队排名榜首。 【题型精讲】 — What’s one plus one? —Of course it’s two. I can tell you the answer off the top of my head. The underlined part means “________”. A．without thinking B．without courage C．with curiosity D．with pleasure 【答案】A 【详解】句意： ——一加一等于多少？ ——当然是二啦。我可以不假思索地告诉你答案。下划线部分的意思是“不假思索地”。 考查介词短语。without thinking不假思索；without courage没有勇气；with curiosity带着好奇；with pleasure乐意地。“off the top of my head”是一个习语，表示不经过深思熟虑就说出答案，根据“Of course it’s two”可知，回答者不用思考就给出了答案，故选A。 知识点23 In an art museum, we shouldn't speak loudly. 在艺术博物馆，我们不应该大声说话。（教材P83） speak不及物动词，意为“说话；谈话；演讲；发言”。 E.g. Wang Li wants to speak at the meeting. 王莉想在会议上发言。 May I speak to Kangkang, please? 我可以找一下康康吗？（常用于电话用语中） 拓展: speak还可作及物动词，意为“说（某种语言）”。 E.g. —Do you want to speak English well? 你想说好英语吗？ —Yes,I do. 是的，我想。 辨析： speak，say，talk和tell 单词 词性 意思 常用短语 speak 及物动词 说（某种语言） speak＋语言 会说······ 不及物动词 说话；谈话；演讲；发言 speak to sb. 和某人讲话 say 及物动词 说（强调说的内容） say sth. to sb. 和某人说某事 say thanks/hello/sorry to sb. 向某人致谢／问好／道歉 talk 不及物动词 说话；谈话 talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈 talk about 谈论 tell 及物动词 讲述；告诉（侧重指己方告知另一方） tell a story/stories 讲故事 tell sb.sth. / tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 E.g. Kangkang can speak English and French. 康康会讲英语和法语。 Can you say it to me carefully? 你能仔细跟我说说这件事吗？ My mom often talks with my aunt on the phone. 我妈妈经常跟我姑姑在电话上聊天。 My grandpa often tells stories to my sister and me. 爷爷经常给我和妹妹讲故事。 【题型精讲】 Mr. Gu often ________ at the school assembly (晨会), and he will ________ something important later. A．speaks; tell B．says; speak C．talks; tell D．speaks; say 【答案】D 【详解】句意：顾先生经常在校会上讲话，之后他将会说一些重要的事情。 考查动词辨析。speak说，后接某种语言或在正式场合讲话；say说，后接说话的内容；talk谈论，主语通常为人，与介词to，with连用；tell告诉。根据“at the school assembly”可知，顾先生在晨会上是发表讲话，因此用speaks；之后是将要说某些重要的具体内容，因此用say。故选D。 知识点24 You should listen to the advice. 你应该听从劝告。（教材P83） advice不可数名词，意为“劝告；忠告；建议；意见”，表示数量时，常借助于piece 或some等词。 常用短语：a piece of advice 一条建议 ask sb. for advice 向某人征求建议 take/follow one’s advice 听取某人的建议 give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议 advice on/about... 关于....的建议 E.g. We must follow the doctors' advice if we are ill. 生病时我们要听从医生的建议。 Could you give me some advice about learning English? 你能给我一些关于学习英语的建议吗? 辨析: advice与suggestion都可意为“建议”，其区别如下： 单词 区别 advice 不可数名词，表示“一条建议／忠告”时，要用“a piece of advice”。 suggestion 可数名词，复数形式为suggestions。 E.g. Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。 Here are some of our suggestions. 这是我们的一些建议。 拓展: advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议；劝告”。 advise sb.（not）to do sth. 意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。 E.g. My father advises me to go for a walk with him after dinner. 我爸爸建议我晚饭后跟他一起去散步。 【题型精讲】 1．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查不可数名词和不定代词。advice“建议”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除A、B；表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，而any常用于否定和疑问句中。本句为寻求建议的疑问句，符合使用some的情境，故选D。 2．There are some of my advice on how to learn spoken English. A．suggestions B．messages C．ways D．habits 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是我对如何学习英语口语的一些建议。 考查名词辨析。suggestions建议；messages信息；ways方法；habits习惯。advice表示“建议”，与suggestions语意相近，故选A。 知识点25 You should pay attention. 你应该全神贯注。（教材P83） attention n. “注意；专心”。 E.g. He turned his attention back to the road again. 他把注意力转回到道路上。 拓展: pay attention to 意为“注意，留心”，其中to是介词，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句。 E.g. You should pay more attention to your spelling. 你要多注意你的单词拼写。 You should pay attention to taking care of your kids in public. 在公共场所，你要注意照看好自己的孩子。 【题型精讲】 1．We should pay attention to ________ animals’ living environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该注意保护动物的生存环境。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protects保护，第三人称单数；protected保护，过去式或过去分词。pay attention to doing sth“注意做某事”，to为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．I didn’t pay attention ________ what she was saying. A．to B．for C．with D．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我没有注意她在说什么。 考查固定搭配。“注意”pay attention to，是固定搭配。故选A。 单元语法 一、反身代词（Reflexive pronouns） 1) 概念: 反身代词通常与句中所指代的词形成互指关系，和它所指代的词在人称、性别和数方面都要保持 一致。反身代词表示反射或强调，常意为“······自己；······本人”。在句中通常作宾语、主语或宾语的 同位语，也可作表语，一般不能单独作主语。 2）反身代词的构成 人称 数 人称代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I myself 特例： 不定代词one 的反身代词是 oneself 复数 we ourselves 第二人称 单数 you yourself 复数 you yourselves 第三人称 单数 he himself she herself it itself 复数 they themselves 3）反身代词的用法 ①作动词的宾语 常跟动词后构成固定搭配。 E.g. I teach myself English when I have time. 有时间我就会自学英语。 ②作介词的宾语 常与介词to、by、of、for等连用。 E.g. You can make dinner by yourself. 你可以自己做晚餐。 ③作同位语 表示强调，意为“亲自；本身；本人”，位于名词或代词之后。 E.g. He himself cleaned the classroom. 他自己把教室打扫干净了。 I met the singer herself yesterday. 我昨天遇到了那位歌手本人。 注意：反身代词作主语的同位语时，也可放在句末。 E.g. Ma Jun worked out the problem himself. 马君自己解决了这个问题。 ④作表语 通常位于系动词be、look、feel、seem 等词之后，用来描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 E.g. I am not feeling myself today. 今天我感到不舒服。 The little girl in the photo is myself. 照片里的那个小女孩儿是我。 ⑤常与介词by连用，表示独立完成某件事。 E.g. I made the cake by myself. 我独自做了这个蛋糕。 注意: ①反身代词不能单独作主语，但是可以作主语的同位语。 E.g. Herself finished the work. (× ) She herself finished the work. ( √ ) 她自己完成了这项工作。 ②反身代词不能作定语，因为它没有所有格形式，表达“某人自己的”应用one’s own. E.g. Thisis myself bike.（×） This is my own bike. (√ ) 这是我自己的自行车。 4）常见的反身代词的固定搭配 动词之后 介词之后 teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to sth. 随便吃喝······ hurt oneself 伤到自己 introduce oneself 自我介绍 buy oneself sth. 为自己买东西 lose oneself in 沉浸于／陶醉于······中 by oneself 独自的；单独 for oneself 为某人自己；亲自 look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 learn by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 come to oneself 苏醒 【题型精讲】 用适当的反身代词填空。 1. She hurt ____________ while playing basketball yesterday. 答案：herself 解析：主语是 "she"（第三人称单数女性），反身代词用 "herself"，表示“她自己”。 2. The children made this model plane all by ____________. 答案：themselves 解析：主语是 "the children"（第三人称复数），反身代词用 "themselves"，"by oneself" 表示“独自完成”。 3. "Help ____________ to some fish," Mrs. Smith said to the guests. 答案：yourselves 解析：固定搭配 "help oneself to sth."（请自便用餐），主语是 "guests"（第二人称复数），用 "yourselves"。 4. The boy taught ____________ to play the guitar. （he） 答案：himself 详解：teach oneself 表示 “自学”。此句主语是 The boy，第三人称单数男性，其反身代词形式为 himself 。 5. I need to learn to rely on ____________ instead of others. 答案：myself 解析：主语是 "I"（第一人称单数），反身代词用 "myself"，"rely on oneself" 表示“依靠自己”。 二、情态动词 (must/mustn’t should/shouldn’t ) 1) 概念: 情态动词通常用来表达说话人的情感、态度或语气，主要包括猜测、判断、需要、可能、各种 意愿等。有如下特点： ① 本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 ② 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 ③ 在句子的位置：用在动词之前。 本单元我们主要学习了情态动词must，should的用法。 2）情态动词：must must意为“必须，一定”，多指现在或将来的情况，表示说话人的主观看法。 E.g. We must follow the traffic rules when we ride bikes. 骑车时我们必须遵守交通规则。 辨析：must和have to 单词／短语 意思 用法 must 必须 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要； must没有词形变化，只有一种形式。 have to 必须；不得不 表示客观的需要，不受主观意志的影响； have to有人称、时态和数的变化。 E.g. Wang Hong said she must work hard.王红说她必须努力工作。（主观上觉得应该要去做某事） It rained hard yesterday, so I had to stay at home for a whole day. 昨天雨下得很大，所以我不得不在家待了一整天。（客观情况决定要做某事） 注意： must的否定式为mustn’t，表示“禁止；一定不要；绝对不能”的意思，语气比较强烈。 E.g. You mustn't play football on the road. 你千万不要在马路上踢球。 归纳：must的其他用法 ① must表示推测，意为“一定是；肯定是”，一般用于肯定句中。 E.g. My mother must be very tired after a long day's work. 经过一天繁忙的工作，我妈妈一定非常累。 辨析：情态动词表猜测 单词／短语 意思及用法 must 意为“一定”，一般用于肯定猜测。 can 意为“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 may 意为“可能；也许”，常用于肯定句中。 might 意为“可能；也许”。might是may 的过去式；表推测时，可能性低于may。 E.g. He must be very happy to see you. 见到你他一定很开心。 It can't be Kangkang's homework. I know his handwriting. 这不可能是康康的作业，我认识他的字迹。 She may come here tomorrow,but I'm not sure. 她可能明天来这里，但我不确定。 Li Ming might be at home this evening.今 晚李明可能在家。 ② must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn’t或是don’t have to， 不能用mustn’t。 E.g. —Must I finish the work today? 我必须今天完成工作吗？ —No,you needn't/don't have to. 不，你不用。 3）情态动词：should should 意为“应该；应当”，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形。其否定式为shouldn't。 E.g. We should come to school on time. 我们应该准时到校。 We shouldn't speak loudly in the library. 我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗。 归纳：① 表示征询意见或提出建议。 E.g. We should eat fruit every day 我们应该每天吃水果。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ ② 表示推测。 E.g. She should do some washing.她应该在洗衣服。 ③ 表示义务或责任。 E.g. As students, we should study hard.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。 ④ 表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。 E.g. Why should he do that? 他为什么做出那种事？ ⑤ 表示做某事是正确的或明智的，往往表达说话者的观点。 E.g. When walking on the streets, we should follow the traffic rules. 在街上行走的时候，我们应该遵守交通规则。 【题型精讲】 I. 选择填空。 ( ) 1. —______ I finish my homework before watching TV? —Yes, you ______. It’s a rule in our family. A. Must; mustn’t B. Should; must C. Must; must D. Should; shouldn’t 答案：C 解析：问句用 "Must" 表示“必须”，强调规则或命令。肯定回答用 "must"（必须），否定回答用 "needn’t" 或 "don’t have to"（不必）。"mustn’t" 表示“禁止”，不符合语境。 ( ) 2. —Must I clean the classroom now? —No, you ________. You can do it after class. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 答案：B 详解：must 引导的一般疑问句，否定回答要用 needn't 或 don't have to，表示 “不必”。mustn't 意为 “禁止”；can't 意为 “不能”；shouldn't 意为 “不应该”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。 ( ) 3. It's raining outside. You ________ take an umbrella. A. must B. have to C. can D. may 答案：B 详解：must 表示主观上的必要，have to 表示客观的需要。因为外面正在下雨这个客观情况，所以 需要带伞，用 have to。can 意为 “能够，可以”；may 意为 “也许，可能”，均不符合题意，所以 选 B。 ( ) 4. The man over there ________ be Mr. Smith. He has gone to New York. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. shouldn't 答案：B 详解：根据 “He has gone to New York.” 可知，那边的那个人不可能是史密斯先生。mustn't 表示 “禁 止”；can't 表示 “不可能”，用于否定猜测；may not 表示 “可能不”；shouldn't 表示 “不应该”。这 里是对现在情况的否定猜测，所以用 can't，选 B。 ( ) 5. Students ______ use mobile phones in class. It’s against the school rules. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 答案：C 解析：句意是“学生 禁止 在课堂上使用手机”，强调 强制性的禁止，用 "mustn’t"。 "shouldn’t" 语气较弱（“不应该”），而这里是明确的规则。 II. 句型转换。 1. It’s necessary for you to wear a helmet when riding a bike.（改为同义句） You _________ wear a helmet when riding a bike. 答案：must 解析：“It’s necessary” 表示“有必要”，可替换为 "must"（必须）或 "should"（应该），但 "must" 更 强调强制性。 2. Don’t swim in the river alone! It’s dangerous.（用 mustn’t 改写） You _________ swim in the river alone! It’s dangerous. 答案：mustn’t 解析：原句是禁止性命令（“不要独自游泳”），用 "mustn’t" 表示“绝对禁止”。 3. Maybe he is at the library.（用情态动词表示推测） He _________ at the library. 答案：may be 解析：“Maybe” 表示不确定的推测，可用 "may + 动词原形。"must" 语气过强（“一定”），而 "can’t" 表示否定（“不可能”），均不符合。 4. It’s a good habit to drink enough water every day.（用 should 改写） You _________ enough water every day. 答案：should drink 解析：表示建议或好习惯，用 "should"（应该）。 5. Is it necessary for me to attend the meeting?（用 Must 改写） _________ I attend the meeting? 答案：Must 解析：“Is it necessary” 可替换为 "Must" 提问，表示“是否必须”。 ➽思维导图 ➽基础过关 一、单词拼写 1. Be careful with that knife, or you might __________ (hurt) your fingers. 答案：hurt 详解：句意：小心那把刀，否则你可能会伤到手指。根据句意，此处应填动词原形 "hurt"（伤害），表示可 能发生的动作。 2. The museum has strict security, with at least two __________ (guard) at every entrance. 答案：guards 详解：句意：博物馆安保严格，每个入口至少有两名警卫。根据句意和"two"的提示，此处应填名词复数形 式 "guards"（警卫）。 3. He broke his leg in a car __________ (accident) last month, but now he is getting better. 答案：accident 详解：句意：他上个月在一次车祸中摔断了腿，但现在正在好转。根据句意，此处应填名词单数形式 "accident" （事故）。 4. Pay __________ (attention) to the teacher's instructions, or you'll miss important information. 答案：attention 详解：句意：注意听老师的指示，否则你会错过重要信息。固定搭配"pay attention to"（注意），此处应填 不可数名词 "attention"。 5. The little boy dressed __________ (himself) in his favorite superhero costume for the party. 答案：himself 详解：句意：小男孩自己穿上了他最喜欢的超级英雄服装去参加派对。根据句意，此处应填反身代词 "himself" （他自己），表示动作的承受者是主语本人。 二、完成句子 1. You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —________ you ________ a helmet when riding a bike? —Yes, ______ _______. 答案：Must wear ； I must. 详解：must 提前构成一般疑问句，原句主语 you 在疑问句中变为 I，肯定回答用 Yes, 主语 + must. 2. 我们应该每天锻炼来保持健康。（完成译句） We ________ ________ every day to keep healthy. 答案： should exercise 详解：“应该” 用 should，“锻炼” 是 exercise ，故填 should exercise。 3. He has to stay at home because of the heavy rain.（改为否定句） He ________ ________ ______ stay at home because of the heavy rain. 答案：doesn't have to 详解：have to 的否定形式借助助动词 do/does，主语是 He，第三人称单数，所以用 doesn't ，后面的 have 用原形。 4. 你千万不能在图书馆里吃东西。（完成译句） You ________ ________ in the library. 答案：mustn't eat 详解：“千万不能” 用 mustn't ，“吃” 是 eat。 5. 她可能正在家里看电视。（完成译句） She ________ ________ watching TV at home. 答案：may be 详解：“可能” 用 may ，后跟动词原形；“正在看电视” 用 be watching TV ，表示现在进行时。故填may be。 3、 单项选择。 （ ）1．—I often ______ my friend, Linda. We like writing letters. —Sounds interesting. A. hear about B. think about C. think of D. hear from 答案：D 解析：根据"writing letters"写信的语境，应该选择"hear from"表示"收到某人的来信"。其他选项：A.hear about"听说"、B.think about"考虑"、C.think of"想到"都不符合题意。 （ ）2．Lingling and her family went to Beijing for a trip last summer holiday, and they enjoyed ______ there. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they 答案：C 解析：enjoy oneself是固定搭配，表示"玩得开心"。主语是they，所以用反身代词themselves。 （ ）3. Wang Bing fought ______ his good friend for a small thing. A. for B. with C. to D. in 答案：B 解析：fight with sb表示"与某人争吵/打架"，是固定搭配。fight for表示"为...而战"，不符合题意。 （ ）4. —We should never ______ the traffic rules because it is not safe. —Of course. A. follow B .take C. have D. break 答案：D 解析：根据"it is not safe"不安全的提示，应该选择"break"违反交通规则。其他选项：A.follow"遵守"、B.take"采取"、C.have"有"都不符合题意。 （ ）5. —Learning English well can bring us many ______. —Yes, you're right. A. advantage B. advantages C. difficulty D. difficulties 答案：B 解析：根据句意"学好英语能带来很多好处"，应该选择advantages"优势、好处"，且many后接可数名词复数形式。difficulties"困难"不符合语境。 （ ）6．There is a bridge ________ the river. Be careful when you walk ________ it. A．across; over B．over; cross C．cross; across D．over; across 【答案】D 【详解】意：河上有一座桥。当你走过桥时要小心。 考查介词用法。across穿过，介词；over在……上方；cross穿过，动词。根据“There is a bridge… the river.”可知，桥在河面之上，应该用介词over；根据“Be careful when you walk… it.”可知，走过桥应该用介词across。故选D。 （ ）7．________, you can know each other much better. A．In this way B．In some ways C．In the way D．On this way 【答案】A 【详解】句意：用这种方式，你们可以更好地认识彼此。 考查介词短语。In this way用这种方式；In some ways在某些方面；In the way挡路；On this way在这条路上。根据后文“you can know each other much better”可知此处表示用这种方式，应用“In this way”。故选A。 （ ）8．—I can’t ________ the ________ made by these dogs. Can you let them get out? —I can’t do that! I’ll let them calm. A．save; voice B．bear; voice C．bear; noise D．save; noise 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我无法忍受这些狗发出的噪音。你能让它们出去吗？——我不能那么做！我会让它们安静下来的。 考查动词和名词辨析。save拯救；voice嗓音；bear忍受；noise噪音。根据“Can you let them get out?”可知，此处表示说话人无法忍受狗发出的噪音，所以想让它们出去，故选C。 （ ）9．—Trees play an important part in our life. They provide ________. —________, they keep the air cool and clean. A．wood with us; What’s worse B．us with wood; What’s more C．wood for us; However D．us for wood; Besides 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——树在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。他们为我们提供木材。——更重要的是，它们保持空气凉爽和清洁。 考查短语辨析。provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb“为某人提供某物”，可排除AD选项；What’s more更重要的是；However然而。根据“they keep the air cool and clean.”可知，此处用来进一步补充说明，需用What’s more。故选B。 （ ）10．Can you give me________? A．an advice B．some advice C．some advices D．any advices 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查不可数名词。an advice 错误用法；some advice 一些建议；some advices 错误用法；any advices 错误用法。advice “建议”，是不可数名词，故不与冠词an使用，也没有复数形式。故选B。 ➽能力提升 1、 完形填空。先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Rules are everywhere. When you read in the library, play basketball 1 drive a car, you have to 2 some rules. Rules are 3 to us. You must also follow the rules on the 4 . Linda and her friend Carl go to the US 5 plane. She takes the emergency exit row seat (紧急出口座位). She 6 a card on her seat. The card says: Now you are in an emergency exit row seat. You 7 ◇Be at least (至少) 15 years old and healthy. ◇Be able to (能够) speak and read English very 8 . You must not ◇Sit with a child (two years old and under). ◇Sit with a pet, like a 9 , a bird, etc. This is because you need to be free to give 10 to others. （ ）1．A．but B．if C．or D．so （ ）2．A．follow B．get C．make D．like （ ）3．A．interesting B．relaxing C．terrible D．important （ ）4．A．train B．plane C．subway D．bus （ ）5．A．by B．on C．at D．in （ ）6．A．leaves B．buys C．writes D．sees （ ）7．A．may B．need C．must D．can （ ）8．A．well B．quickly C．early D．really （ ）9．A．car B．map C．dog D．telephone （ ）10．A．food B．help C．seats D．rules 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了规则无处不在，主要介绍了在飞机上如果你坐在靠近紧急出口的座位上必须要遵守的一些规定。 1．句意：当你在图书馆阅读、打篮球或开车时，你必须遵守一些规则。 but但是；if如果；or或者；so所以。根据“When you read in the library, play basketball…drive a car, you have to…some rules”可知，这里列举的是几种不同的活动，因此需要用“or”连接，表示选择关系。故选C。 2．句意：当你在图书馆阅读、打篮球或开车时，你必须遵守一些规则。 follow遵守；get得到；make制作；like喜欢。根据“you have to…some rules”可知，此处表示要遵守规则。 故选A。 3．句意：规则对我们很重要。 interesting有趣的；relaxing放松的；terrible可怕的；important重要的。根据“Rules are…to us”可知，规则对 我们很重要。故选D。 4．句意：你也必须遵守飞机上的规则。 train火车；plane飞机；subway地铁；bus公交车。根据“Linda and her friend Carl go to the US…plane”可知， 这里指的是飞机上的规则。故选B。 5．句意：Linda和她的朋友Carl乘飞机去美国。 by通过；on在……上；at在；in在……里。根据“go to the US…plane”可知，此处表示乘飞机，by plane为 固定搭配。故选A。 6．句意：她在座位上看到了一张卡片。 leaves离开；buys购买；writes写；sees看到。根据“She…a card on her seat”可知，此处表示看到一张卡片。 故选D。 7．句意：你必须：…… may可能；need需要；must必须；can能够。根据“You must not”可知，这里是飞机的要求，应用must。故 选C。 8．句意：能够很好地用英语进行交流和阅读。 well好；quickly快速地；early早地；really真正地。根据“Be able to speak and read English very…”可知，是 要能够很好地说和读英语。故选A。 9．句意：和宠物坐在一起，比如狗、鸟等。 car汽车；map地图；dog狗；telephone电话。根据“Sit with a pet, like a…, a bird etc.”可知，这里列举的是宠 物。故选C。 10．句意：这是因为你需要能够自由地为他人提供帮助。 food食物；help帮助；seats座位；rules规则。根据“you need to be free to give…to others”可知，坐在这里需 要可以给人帮助。故选B。 二、阅读理解 A ① Why do we have family rules? Because they can help children to know what is OK and isn’t OK in the family. But how can parents make good family rules for their children? ② When parents make rules, it’s good for them to let their children join in. When parents talk about rules with them, children can obey them easily. Then, what are good family rules like? ③ First, parents should tell their children what to do, not what not to do. For example, “Go to bed before 9:30 p. m.!” is good. “Don’t go to bed late!” isn’t. ④ Second, rules should be clear for children to follow. For example, “Eat an egg every morning!” is good. “It’s important to eat well!” isn’t. ⑤Also, it’s good for parents to write down (写下) the rules to help children remember them. For little children, parents can draw pictures to help them understand the rules. ⑥ In the end (最后), family rules need to be changed (改变). For example, when the children get older, parents should make rules about helping with housework. （ ）1．How does the writer start the passage (作者是怎样开始这篇文章的)? A．By giving a number. B．By asking a question. C．By using an old sayings (谚语). D．By telling a story. （ ）2．The underlined word “obey” in paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A．make B．turn C．tell D．follow （ ）3．According to (根据) the passage, which of the following is a good rule? A．Don’t eat snack in class. B．Eat an apple every day! C．It’s important to get up early. D．Don’t use your phone at school. （ ）4．The writer thinks it’s good to draw pictures about rules for little children because ______. A．pictures can make children happy B．drawing can help parents relax C．they are easy to understand D．they can help children make rules （ ）5．What’s the structure of this passage (文章结构)? ①= Para.(自然段)1    ②= Para.2    ③= Para.3    ④= Para.4    ⑤= Para.5    ⑥= Para.6 A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了家庭规则的重要性，以及给出了一些制定规则的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Why do we have family rules?”可知，作者以问句开篇，引出话题，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“When parents talk about rules with them, children can obey them easily.”可知，这一句是 说“当父母和他们谈论规则时，孩子可以很容易地遵守”，因此“obey”在文中意为“遵守、服从”，与选项 D“follow”同义。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“First, parents should tell their children what to do, not what not to do.”可知，文中指出好 规则应告诉孩子“要做什么”，而不是“不要做什么”。只有B项“每天吃一个苹果”符合这一要求。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“For little children, parents can draw pictures to help them understand the rules.”可知给小孩 子画图示意规则是因为“图画更容易让他们理解”，故选C。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①段引出话题，介绍家规的重要性；②提出如何制定家规；③④⑤段分别 给出具体做法；⑥段总结升华。故选A。 B It’s useful for children to keep safe when they take a bus. Here are some rules. 6 7 Children must wait until (直到) the bus driver opens the door and says that it’s OK to get on (上车). Children should not walk into the road early. 8 This is important for students because they carry schoolbags. They must stay away from being hurt (受伤) by the door or the seats. Play it cool. Children should know they must be quiet in their seats while the bus is moving (移动). 9 If the drive can’t focus on driving, it’s dangerous to them. Be careful to get off (下车) the bus. 10 When leaving the bus, children should get off slowly. If children follow the rules, they can be safe. A．Wait for the “OK”. B．It’s important for children to follow them. C．For students, it’s a good way to walk to school. D．Children shouldn’t get off the bus before it stops. E．Be careful (小心) to get on the bus. F．Running or climbing on the bus can distract (使分心) the driver. 【答案】6．B 7．A 8．E 9．F 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了一些坐校车的规则。 6．根据“Here are some rules.”可知，此处应该说遵守这些规则很重要。选项B“对孩子们来说，遵循它们是很重要的。”符合语境。故选B。 7．根据“Children must wait until (直到) the bus driver opens the door and says that it’s OK to get on (上车).”可知，后文提到了要等司机的指示。选项A“等待‘OK’指示”符合语境。故选A。 8．根据“They must stay away from being hurt (受伤) by the door or the seats.”可知，此处应该说需要“小心上车”，选项E“上车时要小心。”符合语境。故选E。 9．根据“If the drive can’t focus on driving, it’s dangerous to them.”可知，此处应该说行车途中需要注意的事项，选项F“在公共汽车上跑步或攀爬会分散司机的注意力。”符合语境。故选F。 10．根据“Be careful to get off (下车) the bus.”可知，此处应该与下车时的安全事项相关。选项D“在公共汽车停下来之前，孩子们不应该下车。”符合语境。故选D。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$