Unit 11 拓展板块（教材重难知识导学 · 精讲精练）（教师版+学生版）-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练（仁爱科普版2024）

Unit 11 Developing the Topic (拓展板块) 主题内容 学习目标 主题范畴: 人与社会→公共秩序与法律法规 主题内容： 围绕话题Rules Matter展开，Oral Communication部分为口语交际活动，采取“以听促说”的形式，引导学生拓展单元“规则”话题，开展口头语言交际活动。Reading for Writing部分为以读促写活动，培养学生的书面表达能力。 1. 语言知识&技能: （1）运用所学听力策略获取信息，了解公园中要遵守的规则; （2）正确使用目标语言谈论更多生活场景中要遵守的规则； （3）绘制因果关系图，谋篇布局，拟定框架，完成写作任务。 2. 文化意识&思维品质: 正确识别公园中不同指示牌的含义，并树立规则意识。 3. 学习策略: 通过自评和互评，学会反思，改进文章的结构、内容和语言。 ➽自主预习 请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型，并完成下面的表格。 词性 中文 英文 重点单词 名词 1. 室内／室外游泳池；水塘，池塘 pool 2. 混乱；杂乱 mess 形容词 1. 愤怒的；生气的 angry 2. 大声的；喧闹的 loud 兼词 v.承诺 n.诺言 promise 重点短语 中文 英文 中文 英文 1. 把···放入到···里面 put sth.into sth. 2. 照顾；照料 take care of 3. 播放嘈杂的音乐 play loud music 4. 游泳池 swimming pool 5. 一团糟；乱七八糟 in a big mess 6. 使某人生气 make sb.angry 7. 制造太多的噪声 make too much noise 8. 承诺做某事 promise to do sth. 重点句型 中文 英文 1. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。 Put the waste intothe waste cans． 2. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 Take care of the children under 10 years old． 3. 不要播放嘈杂的音乐。 Don’t play loud music． 4. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。 The house was in a big mess after the party． 5. 我们的父母很生气，决定制定一些家庭新规。 Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules． 6. 最后，我们播放的音乐太吵，使我们的邻居非常生气。 Last, we played really loud music, and it made our neighbors angry. 7. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定，并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them． 小试牛刀：根据语境及提示完成句子。 1. The children are playing in the swimming pool. (水池) 2. Look at your room! What a mess! Please clean it up immediately. (杂乱) 3. My father was very angry when I broke his favorite cup. (生气的) 4. The music is too loud. Could you please turn it down? (大声的) 5. I promise I will finish my homework before dinner. (承诺) ➽问题探究 知识点1 Put the waste into the waste cans. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。（教材P84） put...into... 意为“把·····放入到······里面”。 E.g. Please put the books into the big box. 请把这些书放入那个大箱子里。 归纳: put的相关短语 put up 张贴；挂起 put away 将······收起来 put down 放下 put off 推迟；延迟 E.g. The kids put on their clothes and put on a short play. 孩子们穿上他们的服装表演短剧。 He eats a lot these days, so he put on a lot of weight. 最近他吃很多，所以他长胖了很多。 Don't forget to put up the picture on the wall. 不要忘了把这张图片贴在墙上。 Your things are everywhere.Please put them away. 你的东西到处都是，请将它们收起来放好。 The box is so heavy. You can put it down. 这个箱子太重了，你可以把它放下。 You must finish the task in this week.Don't put it off. 你必须在本周内完成这项任务，不要延期。 【题型精讲】 1．—Please help me to ________ the water ________ the cup. —OK! A．put；in B．pour；into C．put；into D．pour；of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——请帮我把水倒进杯子里。——好吧！本题用固定短语法。pour...into... 把……倒入……。故选B。 2. A primary school in England has ______ signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile. A．put into B．put off C．put on D．put up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：英国一所小学在三个入口竖起了指示牌，写着：请用微笑问候你的孩子，而不是移动手机。考查动词短语辨析。put into把……放入；put off推迟；put on穿上；put up张贴。根据句意语境，可知put up合乎句意，故选D。 知识点2 Take care of the children under 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。（教材P84） take care of 意为“照顾；照料”，可与look after／care for互换，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 E.g. I took care of my little sister at home on Sunday. = l looked after my litle sister at home on Sunday. = I cared for my little sister at home on Sunday. 周日我在家照顾妹妹。 拓展: take good care of... ＝ look after...well 意为“好好照顾······”。 E.g. You should take good care of yourself when you live alone. = You should look after yourself well when you live alone. 独自一人居住的时候你要照顾好自己。 【题型精讲】 1．The robots can ________ the people under the buildings and can also ________ the sick people. A．look after; look at B．look out; look into C．look for; take care of D．look at; look after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：机器人可以寻找建筑物下的人，并且还可以照顾病人。 考查动词短语。look after“照顾”；look out“向外看”；look into“调查”；look for“寻找”；take care of“照顾”；look at“看”。第一空为寻找建筑物下的人，第二空为照顾病人。故选C。 2．My sister will take care of my cat when I am on holiday. A．care about B．look after C．come out D．care for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我姐姐会在我度假时照顾我的猫。 考查动词短语。care about关心；look after照顾；come out出来；care for关心。take care of 表示“照顾”，和look after意思一致，故选B。 知识点3 The house was in a big mess after the party. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。（教材P85） 。 mess n. “混乱；杂乱；不整洁”。 in a mess 意为“杂乱不堪；一团糟；乱糟糟；乱七八糟”。 E.g. Our classroom was in a big mess after school. 放学后我们的教室一团糟。 拓展: mess的相关用法 make a mess 弄得一团糟 What a mess! 一团糟！ E.g. The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室弄得一团糟。 What a mess! You should clean up the room at once. 简直一团糟；你应该马上把你的房间清理干净。 拓展： mess还可作动词，意为“弄乱；使不整洁；弄脏”。常构成动词短语mess up，意为“把······弄糟；胡乱做”。 E.g. Don't mess up the house. I just tidied it up. 不要把房子弄乱了，我刚刚收拾好。 It doesn't matter if you mess it up. You have many chances to try. 搞砸了也没关系，你还有很多尝试的机会 【题型精讲】 1. —________ mess! You’re so lazy, Daming. —Sorry, Mom. I will clean up the room right away. A．What B．How C．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——真是一团糟！你太懒了，大明。——对不起，妈妈。我将立刻清理房间。 考查感叹句。感叹句的表达：①How+形容词/副词+主谓! ②What+名词短语+主谓! mess是名词，用What引导感叹句，且此处mess是可数名词单数，用a mess表示“一团糟”。故选C。 2．Everything is in a mess in your room. Tom, you’d better tidy them up. A．in order B．out of order C．in common D．very clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你房间里的一切都一团糟。汤姆，你最好把它们整理一下。 考查介词短语。in order整齐；out of order混乱；in common共同的；very clean非常干净的。根据下文“you’d better tidy them up”可知，此处指的是房里一团乱。“in a mess”有“乱糟糟”之意，故选B。 知识点4 Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气，决定制定一些家庭新规。（教材P85） angry adj. “愤怒的；生气的”。作表语时，常和介词with或at连用。get angry意为“生气”。 E.g. I got really angry. 我真的很生气。 常用短语：be/get angry with/at sb. 对某人感到生气 be/get angry over/about sth. 对某事感到生气 E.g. My mother was very angry with me. 我妈妈对我十分生气。 His mother was angry about the result of his Chinese exam. 他妈妈对他的语文考试成绩很生气。 拓展：angry的相关单词 angrily 副词，意为“愤怒地；生气地” anger 不可数名词，意为“怒气” E.g. She shouted at me angrily. 她生气地大声斥责我。 We should learn to control our anger. 我们应该学会控制自己的怒火 【题型精讲】 1．—Jim often makes faces at class. —So his math teacher ________ him. A．is angry with B．is strict with C．is friendly to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Jim经常在课堂上做鬼脸。——所以他的数学老师对他很生气。 考查形容词短语。is angry with对……生气；is strict with对……严格；is friendly to对……友好。根据“Jim often makes faces at class.”可知，Jim惹数学老师生气了。故选A。 2．—Kate often fights with her classmates. Her teacher was very angry __________ her. —Yes, I think she should say sorry __________ what she said. A．for, about B．for, with C．with, for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯特经常和同学打架。她的老师对她非常生气。——是的，我认为她应该为她说的话道歉。 考查介词用法。for为了；about关于；with和。根据“her teacher was very angry…her.”可知是指她的老师对她非常生气。be angry with sb.表示“对某人生气”；“she should say sorry…what she said.”可知是她应该为她说的话道歉。say sorry for sth.表示“为某事道歉”。故选C。 知识点5 Last, we played really loud music,and it made our neighbors angry. 最后，我们播放的音乐太吵，使我们的邻居非常生气。（教材P85） loud adj. “大声的；喧闹的”。 E.g. He has a loud voice, so you can hear him laugh far away. 他有个大嗓门，所以在很远的地方就能听到他大笑。 辨析：loud, aloud 和 loudly 单词 词性 含义 用法 loud 形容词 大声的；喧闹的 侧重表示声音响亮，常在句中作表语或定语。 副词 大声地；响亮地；喧闹地 作副词时常与speak、talk、laugh、sing等动词连用；也可与too、very、so等词连用。 aloud 副词 出声地； 大声地 和read、speak连用时表示“读出声；讲出声”。 和cry、laugh、shout、call等动词连用时，表示大声做某事。 loudly 副词 吵闹地；聒噪地； 嘈杂地 只有副词形式，和loud 用法相似，修饰动词，强调声音大、吵闹等，多含有“嘈杂”之意。 E.g. Xiao Bing has a loud voice, so he often talks to others loud. 肖兵有个大嗓门，他经常大声地和他人聊天。 The teacher said,"please read aloud.I can't hear you." 老师说，“请大声朗读，我听不见你们的声音” She went straight up to the door and knocked loudly. 她径直走到门前大声敲门。 【题型精讲】 The music is too ______, so I have to speak ______. A．loud; aloud B．aloud; loud C．aloud; loudly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：音乐太吵了，所以我不得不大声说话。 考查形容词及副词辨析。loud高声的，大声的，是形容词；大声地，喧闹地，是副词；aloud出声地，副词；loudly大声地，副词。根据第一个空前的is可知，第一个空应填形容词loud，作表语；第二空修饰动词speak，所以用副词。故选A。 知识点6 We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定，并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。（教材P85） promise v. “承诺”。 promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang promised to take me to go fishing this Sunday. 康康承诺这周日带我去钓鱼。 常用短语：promise sb. (not) to do sth. 承诺某人（不）做某事 promise sb.sth. = promise sth. to sb. 向某人承诺某事。 E.g. My father promised me to take me to climb the Great Wall. 我爸爸承诺带我去爬长城。 He promised his grandchildren the money. = He promised the money to his grandchildren. 他承诺把这笔钱留给孙儿孙女们。 拓展: promise还可作名词，意为“诺言；许诺；承诺”。 常用短语：break a/one’s promise 违背诺言 make a/one’s promise 许下诺言 keep a/one’s promise 信守诺言 → 同义短语：keep one’s word E.g. Don't break a promise if you make one. 如果你承诺过别人就一定不要违背诺言。 If you make a promise, you must keep your promise. 如果你向他人许诺过，就一定要信守承诺。 【题型精讲】 1．—My father promised me ________ a mobile phone as my birthday gift. —Great! Did you promise ________ anything? A．with; doing B．with; to do C．/; to do D．/; doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我爸爸答应给我一部手机作为生日礼物。——太棒了！你答应过要做什么吗？ 考查动词短语。promise sb. sth.“答应给某人某物”，promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，固定用法。故选C。 2．When you make ________ promise, please be serious and make sure that you can keep it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你许诺时，请严肃点，确保你能遵守。 考查冠词的用法。根据“When you make...promise”可知，make a promise“许诺”，固定短语。故选A。 写作点拨 本单元的主题与“规则”相关，那么如何写一篇与制定规则相关的短文呢？首先，用cause和effect结构来搭建正文的框架，从而达到引导学生学会写作的目的；然后，可利用本单元所学的词汇、句型、语法等来完成内容的编写。建议使用“四步法”来完成写作。 第一步确定主题： Rules for ，选择好想要制定哪方面的规则以及制定规则的背景是什么；第二步借助因果关系图梳理制定某个规则的前因后果，并完成正文部分；第三步根据正文内容进行总结；第四步检查并完善短文。 下面以“Rules for Reading in the Library＂为例，具体讲解一下写作思路。 1．确定主题，写好开头：为什么活动制定规则，制定规则的原因是什么。 Library is a good place to read books, but some students often do something bad in the library. To make the library a better place, we make some rules. And students will feel good in a better place. 2. 捋清思路，描述发现的问题以及带来的影响。 Cause Effect Take the food with strong smell. Have a bad effect on others. Throw litter around. Make the library dirty. Play music or movie too loud. Make others unhappy. Some students may feel very angry. 3．根据正文内容完成结尾总结全文。 Rules are important to us. These rules can help us read in a nice environment. I hope all the students keep them in mind and follow these rules. 4．检查改错。 可以自己检查，也可以与同学互相检查。在检查的时候注意检查句子结构、及单词拼写等问题。在遇到难以解决的问题时，可以向老师寻求帮助。 【题型精讲】 书面表达。 在和同学们一起进行一次快乐的旅行后，班主任王老师发现了很多问题，为了以后更好地开展班级活动，王老师让同学们讨论制定新的出游规则。假如你是王老师的学生，请从你自己的角度认真思考，制定出一份班级出游新规。 Cause Effect Throw litter around. Make the bus so dirty. Leave things on the bus. Cause the driver a lot of problems. Talk and laugh loudly. Make the driver angry. 写作要求： 1．文中需包含所提示要点，可适当发挥使行文连贯； 2．语意通顺，条理清晰，书写规范； 3．文中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息； 4．词数70左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数） New Rules for Class Trips Our class went for a trip last weekend. After the trip, the bus was in a mess. To have more wonderful trips later, we make the new trip rules for class trips. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文分析思路： 主题：制定班级出游新规，解决旅行中出现的问题。 结构：开头：说明制定规则的原因（已给出）。 主体：针对问题提出3-4条具体规则。 结尾：呼吁遵守规则，展望未来旅行。 短语：keep the bus clean 保持车厢清洁 take...with us 随身带走…… follow the rules 遵守规则 be polite to... 对……有礼貌 in the future 未来 句型：禁止行为：Don’t + 动词原形（如 Don’t throw litter.）。 建议行为：We should + 动词原形（如 We should take our things with us.）。 结果描述：This will help...（如 This will help keep the bus tidy.）。 范文： New Rules for Class Trips Our class went for a trip last weekend. After the trip, the bus was in a mess. To have more wonderful trips later, we make the new trip rules for class trips. First, don’t throw litter around. We should put rubbish in bags and take it away. This will keep the bus clean. Second, never leave things on the bus. Remember to take everything with us. Third, don’t talk or laugh too loudly. We must be polite to the driver. If everyone follows these rules, our trips will be happier and safer in the future! 详解： 【总体分析】 ① 题材：应用文（规则制定）； ② 时态：一般现在时（规则类多用祈使句或should句型）； ③ 提示：针对题干中的三个问题提出对应规则，语言简洁有力。 [写作步骤] 开头：复述题干，引出规则（已给出）。 主体：规则1：禁止乱扔垃圾 → 保持清洁； 规则2：带走个人物品 → 避免麻烦； 规则3：控制音量 → 尊重司机。 结尾：呼吁遵守，展望效果。 【亮点词汇】 ① put rubbish in bags 垃圾装袋 ② take everything with us 带走所有物品 ③ be polite to 对……礼貌 ④ happier and safer 更快乐、更安全 【高分句型】 祈使句：Don’t throw litter around. （直接明确规则） 建议句型：We should put rubbish in bags. （提出解决方案） 结果句：This will keep the bus clean. （说明规则的好处） [易错点提醒] 规则类写作避免用过去时； 每条规则用序号（First/Second）或连接词（Also/Finally）使结构清晰； 结尾用"If...will..."句型增强说服力。 ➽思维导图 ➽基础过关 一、单词拼写 1. After the party, the living room was in such a ______ that it took us hours to clean up. (杂乱) 答案：mess 解析：根据"took us hours to clean up"和中文提示"杂乱"，应填"mess"，表示"一团糟"。 2. Don't jump into the deep end of the ______ if you can't swim well. (水池) 答案：pool 解析：根据"deep end"和中文提示"水池"，应填"pool"，特指"游泳池的深水区"。 3. She made a ______ to call her parents every weekend, and she always keeps it. (承诺) 答案：promise 解析：根据"always keeps it"和中文提示"承诺"，应填"promise"，表示"许下的诺言"。 4. The teacher got ______ when she saw students cheating during the exam. (生气的) 答案：angry 解析：根据"students cheating"和中文提示"生气的"，应填"angry"，表示"愤怒的"。 5. Please don't speak so ______ in the library; you're disturbing others. (大声的) 答案：loud 解析：根据"disturbing others"和中文提示"大声的"，应填"loud"，表示"声音大的"。 二、完成句子 1．别把玩具扔得到处都是，你的房间已经一团糟了。 Don’t throw your toys everywhere. Your room is already ______ _______ ______ _______. 【答案】in a big mess 【详解】句意：你的房间已经一团糟了。表示“乱七八糟”用固定短语 in a big mess，故填 in a big mess。 2．请把这些书放进书包里。 Please _________ these books _________ your schoolbag. 【答案】put; into 【详解】句意：请把这些书放进书包里。表示“把……放进……”用短语 put...into...，故填 put; into。 3．你能帮我照顾一下我的小狗吗？ Can you help me _________ _________ _________ my little dog? 【答案】take care of 【详解】句意：你能帮我照顾一下我的小狗吗？表示“照顾”用短语 take care of，故填 take care of。 4．别对妈妈撒谎，那会让她生气的。 Don’t lie to Mom. That will _________ her _________. 【答案】make; angry 【详解】句意：那会让她生气的。表示“使某人生气”用短语 make...angry，故填 make; angry。 5．他承诺每天读半小时英语。 He _________ _________ read English for half an hour every day. 【答案】promises to 【详解】句意：他承诺每天读半小时英语。表示“承诺做某事”用短语 promise to do sth.，主语是第三人称单数，动词用 promises，故填 promises to。 三、单项选择 （ ）1．People should stop ________ rubbish ________ the sea. A．to put; into B．putting; into C．putting; on D．to put; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们应该停止向海里扔垃圾。 考察动名词作宾语。第一空，短语“停止做某事”英文表达为stop doing，动名词作宾语；第二空，根据“the sea”，可知介词用into。故选B。 （ ）2．We should learn to take care of ________ when we are away from parents. A．us B．ourselves C．them D．themselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们离开父母时，我们应该学会照顾自己。 考查反身代词。us我们（宾格）；ourselves我们自己；them他们；themselves他们自己。根据“We should learn to take care of”可知，此处表示“我们自己”，应用反身代词ourselves。故选B。 （ ）3．—I want to buy ________ alarm. Would you like to go to the store with me? —Sure, but my room is in ________ mess. I need to clean it first. A．a; a B．an; a C．an; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想买一个闹钟。你愿意和我一起去商店吗？——当然，但是我的房间很乱。我得先清理一下。 考查冠词辨析。a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前。“alarm”以元音音素开头，用“an”泛指一个闹钟；固定短语“in a mess” 表示“一团糟”，故选B。 （ ）4．—Why are you unhappy, Ben? —I am late for class again. I’m afraid Miss Li will ________ me. A．be interested in B．be friendly to C．be angry with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么不高兴，本？——我上课又迟到了。我怕李老师会生我的气。 考查形容词短语。be interested in对……感兴趣；be friendly to对……友好；be angry with对……生气。根据“I am late for class again.”可知，本担心李老师会因为他迟到而生气，故选C。 （ ）5．Her voice is so ________, and she always speaks so ________ that no one likes her. A．loud; loudly B．aloud; loud C．loudly; loudly D．aloud; loudly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她的嗓音是如此大声，而且她说话总是如此大声，以至于没有人喜欢她。 考查形容词和副词。loud作为形容词，表示“大声的”，作为副词，表示“大声地”；loudly大声地，为副词；aloud大声地，为副词。第一空位于be动词“is”后，需要使用形容词作表语，因此用loud。第二空修饰动词“speaks”，用副词，因此用loudly。故选A。 （ ）6．I am waiting for Jenny. She promised ________ here at 6 o’clock. A．to be B．being C．be D．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我在等珍妮。她答应6点钟到这里。 考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth.“答应做某事，承诺做某事”。故选A。 ➽能力提升 1、 完形填空。先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Every school has rules for students to follow. 1 , some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control (控制) them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel 2 . Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very 3 . Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished (惩罚) their children when their children didn’t do what they were 4 to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause (导致) a student to 5 . It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn 6 difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands before 7 . If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher 8 . School rules can help students prepare for their own futures as well. When they 9 and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life 10 meaningless and in disorder. （ ）1．A．But B．Because C．However D．So （ ）2．A．tired B．angry C．excited D．good （ ）3．A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful （ ）4．A．told B．heard C．invited D．watched （ ）5．A．come out B．fall over C．move on D．pass by （ ）6．A．about B．from C．without D．in （ ）7．A．spoken B．to speak C．speaking D．speak （ ）8．A．clearly B．luckily C．quickly D．politely （ ）9．A．hurry up B．look up C．grow up D．dress up （ ）10．A．is B．was C．will be D．will 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述学校规则的重要性，包括保障学习及为未来做准备，强调 规则能让世界更好。 1．句意：然而，有些学生可能把这些规则看作是老师控制他们的一种方式。 But但是；Because因为；However然而；So所以。根据“Every school has rules for students to follow.”以及下文“some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control them”可知， 前后是转折关系，“However”表示转折，且后面有逗号隔开，符合语境，故选C。 2．句意：有时候，他们不开心甚至感到生气。 tired疲惫的；angry生气的；excited兴奋的；good好的。根据“Sometimes, they’re unhappy” 以及“even”可知，此处表达的情绪比“不开心”更强烈，“angry”符合语境，故选B。 3．句意：在过去，人们认为老师必须非常严格。 kind和蔼的；clever聪明的；strict严格的；careful小心的。根据“Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children”可知，家长不介意老师惩罚孩子，说明当时人们认为老师应该严格， 故选C。 4．句意：当孩子们没有按照被告知的去做时，家长不介意老师惩罚他们的孩子。 told告诉；heard听见；invited邀请；watched观看。“be told to do sth.”表示“被告知做某事”， 符合语境，即孩子们没按要求去做时，家长不介意老师惩罚，故选A。 5．句意：例如，在走廊里奔跑可能会导致学生摔倒。 come out出来；fall over摔倒；move on继续前进；pass by经过。根据“running in the hallways” 以及下文“It may hurt himself or another person”可知，在走廊跑容易摔倒从而伤到自己或他人， “fall over”符合语境，故选B。 6．句意：遵守规则也能帮助教室里的学生在没有困难的情况下学习。 about关于；from从……；without没有；in在……里面。“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”表示 “做某事有困难”，而此处表达的是遵守规则能让学生学习时没有困难，“without difficulty” 表示“没有困难”，符合语境，故选C。 7．句意：在课堂上，老师可能会要求学生举手后再发言。 speaking是动词“speak”的现在分词形式；to speak是动词不定式；speak是动词原形。在“before”这个介词后，需要接动词的现在分词形式作宾语，所以“speaking”符合语法要求，即“before speaking”表示“在发言前”，故选C。 8．句意：如果有人不按顺序说话，其他学生可能听不清老师讲的内容。 clearly清楚地；luckily幸运地；quickly快速地；politely礼貌地。根据“If someone speaks out of turn”可知，有人随意说话会干扰课堂秩序，导致其他学生听不清老师讲话，“clearly”符合 语境，故选A。 9．句意：当他们长大并独自外出时，很快就会发现他们仍然需要遵守规则。 hurry up快点；look up查阅；grow up长大；dress up打扮。根据“go out on their own”以及常 识可知，是长大后独自外出才需要继续遵守规则，“grow up”符合语境，故选C。 10．句意：如果没有规则，生活将会变得毫无意义且混乱无序。 is是（一般现在时第三人称单数形式）；was是（一般过去时）；will be将会是（一般将来时）； will将会（后面需接动词原形）。根据“If there are no rules”可知，这是假设的一种情况，主句 要用一般将来时，“life”是主语，后面需要接“be”动词构成系表结构，所以用“will be”，故选 C。 二、阅读理解 A Train Museum (博物馆) RulesIn the Train Museum, you can know the history of trains and what kinds of trains there are in the world now. Here are some rules of the Train Museum.◎ Be quiet. ◎ No running. ◎ No smoking (吸烟). ◎ Don’t get on the trains in the museum. Swimming Pool RulesIt’s a good place for swimming lovers. You can have a good time taking some exercise here. But you should follow the rules.◆No food or drinks in the pool. ◆No smoking. ◆Take a shower before getting into the pool. ◆No glassware (玻璃制品) in the pool. Children’s Play Area (儿童游戏区域) RulesChildren can play in the area with their friends after school. They may also make some new friends here. But Children’s Play Area also has some rules to follow.* No smoking. * No food or drinks. * No glassware. * No shoes. But wear socks all the time. （ ）1．What can people probably (可能) do in the train museum? A．Take photos. B．Run. C．Smoke. D．Get on the trains. （ ）2．What must people do before getting into the swimming pool? A．Brush their teeth. B．Eat some food. C．Take some drinks. D．Take a shower. （ ）3．In Children’s Play Area, children must wear ______. A．hats B．glasses C．socks D．shoes （ ）4．How many rules of Children’s Play Area are the same as rules of the swimming pool? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. （ ）5．Who may be interested in the material? A．Sally—she wants to find a restaurant with delicious hamburgers. B．Jack—he wants to know what he shouldn’t do in the swimming pool. C．Mark—he would like to buy a new pair of shoes. D．Susan—she wants to find a good place to enjoy reading in the afternoon. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了火车博物馆、游泳池和儿童游乐区的规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“◎ Be quiet.◎ No running.◎ No smoking (吸烟).◎ Don’t get on the trains in the museum.”可知，火车博物馆规则中没有提到不准照相。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Take a shower before getting into the pool.”可知，入池前先洗个澡。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“* No shoes. But wear socks all the time.”可知，儿童玩耍区域不要穿鞋，要一直穿袜子。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Swimming Pool Rules”和“Children’s Play Area (儿童游戏区域) Rules”的内容可知，在儿童娱乐园及游泳池里有三条相同的规则，即：禁止吸烟；禁止带食物和饮料；禁止带玻璃制品。故选C。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了火车博物馆、游泳池和儿童游乐区的规则。故选项B“杰克——他想知道他不应该在游泳池里做什么。”应会对这篇材料感兴趣。故选B。 B My name is Kate. 6 I think these rules are important to me. At home, I can’t play computer games for over half an hour. I think it is good for my study because I can have more time to study. I must make the bed after I get up. 7 So my bedroom is always clean and tidy. My mother says keeping the room tidy is good for my health. I study at No. 2 Middle School. 8 We must arrive at school before eight in the morning. We need to wear school uniforms every school day. In class, we have to be quiet. We can’t listen to music. We can’t eat in class. 9 After class, we can’t run in the hallways. 10 Can you tell me about them? 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．We must eat in the dining hall. B．Do you have rules in your life? C．There are many rules in my life. D．And I must clean my room every day. E．At our school, we also have some rules. 【答案】6．C 7．D 8．E 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了作者在家庭生活中和学校里需要遵守的一些规则。 6．根据“I think these rules are important to me. At home, I can’t play computer games for over half an hour.”可知， 此处介绍与生活有关的一些规则，选项C“我的生活中有很多规则。”符合语境。故选C。 7．根据“So my bedroom is always clean and tidy.”可知，我的房间很整洁，说明我打扫房间，选项D“我必须 每天打扫我的房间。”符合语境。故选D。 8．根据“I study at No. 2 Middle School.”和“We must arrive at school before eight in the morning.”可知，此处介 绍校规，选项E“在我们学校，我们也有一些规则。”符合语境。故选E。 9．根据“We can’t eat in class.”可知，此处介绍可以吃东西的地方，选项A“我们必须在餐厅吃饭。”符合语 境。故选A。 10．根据“Can you tell me about them?”并结合选项可知，此处是询问与规则有关的问题，选项B“你的生活中 有规则吗？”符合语境。故选B。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 11 Developing the Topic (拓展板块) 主题内容 学习目标 主题范畴: 人与社会→公共秩序与法律法规 主题内容： 围绕话题Rules Matter展开，Oral Communication部分为口语交际活动，采取“以听促说”的形式，引导学生拓展单元“规则”话题，开展口头语言交际活动。Reading for Writing部分为以读促写活动，培养学生的书面表达能力。 1. 语言知识&技能: （1）运用所学听力策略获取信息，了解公园中要遵守的规则; （2）正确使用目标语言谈论更多生活场景中要遵守的规则； （3）绘制因果关系图，谋篇布局，拟定框架，完成写作任务。 2. 文化意识&思维品质: 正确识别公园中不同指示牌的含义，并树立规则意识。 3. 学习策略: 通过自评和互评，学会反思，改进文章的结构、内容和语言。 ➽自主预习 请预习下列重点单词、短语和句型，并完成下面的表格。 词性 中文 英文 重点单词 名词 1. 室内／室外游泳池；水塘，池塘 2. 混乱；杂乱 形容词 1. 愤怒的；生气的 2. 大声的；喧闹的 兼词 v.承诺 n.诺言 重点短语 中文 英文 中文 英文 1. 把···放入到···里面 2. 照顾；照料 3. 播放嘈杂的音乐 4. 游泳池 5. 一团糟；乱七八糟 6. 使某人生气 7. 制造太多的噪声 8. 承诺做某事 重点句型 中文 英文 1. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。 2. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 3. 不要播放嘈杂的音乐。 4. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。 5. 我们的父母很生气，决定制定一些家庭新规。 6. 最后，我们播放的音乐太吵，使我们的邻居非常生气。 7. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定，并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 小试牛刀：根据语境及提示完成句子。 1. The children are playing in the swimming ________. (水池) 2. Look at your room! What a ________! Please clean it up immediately. (杂乱) 3. My father was very ________ when I broke his favorite cup. (生气的) 4. The music is too ________. Could you please turn it down? (大声的) 5. I ________ I will finish my homework before dinner. (承诺) ➽问题探究 知识点1 Put the waste into the waste cans. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。（教材P84） put...into... 意为“把·····放入到······里面”。 E.g. Please put the books into the big box. 请把这些书放入那个大箱子里。 归纳: put的相关短语 put up 张贴；挂起 put away 将······收起来 put down 放下 put off 推迟；延迟 E.g. The kids put on their clothes and put on a short play. 孩子们穿上他们的服装表演短剧。 He eats a lot these days, so he put on a lot of weight. 最近他吃很多，所以他长胖了很多。 Don't forget to put up the picture on the wall. 不要忘了把这张图片贴在墙上。 Your things are everywhere.Please put them away. 你的东西到处都是，请将它们收起来放好。 The box is so heavy. You can put it down. 这个箱子太重了，你可以把它放下。 You must finish the task in this week.Don't put it off. 你必须在本周内完成这项任务，不要延期。 【练习】 1．—Please help me to ________ the water ________ the cup. —OK! A．put；in B．pour；into C．put；into D．pour；of 2. A primary school in England has ______ signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile. A．put into B．put off C．put on D．put up 知识点2 Take care of the children under 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。（教材P84） take care of 意为“照顾；照料”，可与look after／care for互换，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 E.g. I took care of my little sister at home on Sunday. = l looked after my litle sister at home on Sunday. = I cared for my little sister at home on Sunday. 周日我在家照顾妹妹。 拓展: take good care of... ＝ look after...well 意为“好好照顾······”。 E.g. You should take good care of yourself when you live alone. = You should look after yourself well when you live alone. 独自一人居住的时候你要照顾好自己。 【练习】 1．The robots can ________ the people under the buildings and can also ________ the sick people. A．look after; look at B．look out; look into C．look for; take care of D．look at; look after 2．My sister will take care of my cat when I am on holiday. A．care about B．look after C．come out D．care for 知识点3 The house was in a big mess after the party. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。（教材P85） 。 mess n. “混乱；杂乱；不整洁”。 in a mess 意为“杂乱不堪；一团糟；乱糟糟；乱七八糟”。 E.g. Our classroom was in a big mess after school. 放学后我们的教室一团糟。 拓展: mess的相关用法 make a mess 弄得一团糟 What a mess! 一团糟！ E.g. The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室弄得一团糟。 What a mess! You should clean up the room at once. 简直一团糟；你应该马上把你的房间清理干净。 拓展： mess还可作动词，意为“弄乱；使不整洁；弄脏”。常构成动词短语mess up，意为“把······弄糟；胡乱做”。 E.g. Don't mess up the house. I just tidied it up. 不要把房子弄乱了，我刚刚收拾好。 It doesn't matter if you mess it up. You have many chances to try. 搞砸了也没关系，你还有很多尝试的机会 【练习】 1. —________ mess! You’re so lazy, Daming. —Sorry, Mom. I will clean up the room right away. A．What B．How C．What a 2．Everything is in a mess in your room. Tom, you’d better tidy them up. A．in order B．out of order C．in common D．very clean 知识点4 Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气，决定制定一些家庭新规。（教材P85） angry adj. “愤怒的；生气的”。作表语时，常和介词with或at连用。get angry意为“生气”。 E.g. I got really angry. 我真的很生气。 常用短语：be/get angry with/at sb. 对某人感到生气 be/get angry over/about sth. 对某事感到生气 E.g. My mother was very angry with me. 我妈妈对我十分生气。 His mother was angry about the result of his Chinese exam. 他妈妈对他的语文考试成绩很生气。 拓展：angry的相关单词 angrily 副词，意为“愤怒地；生气地” anger 不可数名词，意为“怒气” E.g. She shouted at me angrily. 她生气地大声斥责我。 We should learn to control our anger. 我们应该学会控制自己的怒火 【练习】 1．—Jim often makes faces at class. —So his math teacher ________ him. A．is angry with B．is strict with C．is friendly to 2．—Kate often fights with her classmates. Her teacher was very angry __________ her. —Yes, I think she should say sorry __________ what she said. A．for, about B．for, with C．with, for 知识点5 Last, we played really loud music,and it made our neighbors angry. 最后，我们播放的音乐太吵，使我们的邻居非常生气。（教材P85） loud adj. “大声的；喧闹的”。 E.g. He has a loud voice, so you can hear him laugh far away. 他有个大嗓门，所以在很远的地方就能听到他大笑。 辨析：loud, aloud 和 loudly 单词 词性 含义 用法 loud 形容词 大声的；喧闹的 侧重表示声音响亮，常在句中作表语或定语。 副词 大声地；响亮地；喧闹地 作副词时常与speak、talk、laugh、sing等动词连用；也可与too、very、so等词连用。 aloud 副词 出声地； 大声地 和read、speak连用时表示“读出声；讲出声”。 和cry、laugh、shout、call等动词连用时，表示大声做某事。 loudly 副词 吵闹地；聒噪地； 嘈杂地 只有副词形式，和loud 用法相似，修饰动词，强调声音大、吵闹等，多含有“嘈杂”之意。 E.g. Xiao Bing has a loud voice, so he often talks to others loud. 肖兵有个大嗓门，他经常大声地和他人聊天。 The teacher said,"please read aloud.I can't hear you." 老师说，“请大声朗读，我听不见你们的声音” She went straight up to the door and knocked loudly. 她径直走到门前大声敲门。 【练习】 The music is too ______, so I have to speak ______. A．loud; aloud B．aloud; loud C．aloud; loudly 知识点6 We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定，并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。（教材P85） promise v. “承诺”。 promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang promised to take me to go fishing this Sunday. 康康承诺这周日带我去钓鱼。 常用短语：promise sb. (not) to do sth. 承诺某人（不）做某事 promise sb.sth. = promise sth. to sb. 向某人承诺某事。 E.g. My father promised me to take me to climb the Great Wall. 我爸爸承诺带我去爬长城。 He promised his grandchildren the money. = He promised the money to his grandchildren. 他承诺把这笔钱留给孙儿孙女们。 拓展: promise还可作名词，意为“诺言；许诺；承诺”。 常用短语：break a/one’s promise 违背诺言 make a/one’s promise 许下诺言 keep a/one’s promise 信守诺言 → 同义短语：keep one’s word E.g. Don't break a promise if you make one. 如果你承诺过别人就一定不要违背诺言。 If you make a promise, you must keep your promise. 如果你向他人许诺过，就一定要信守承诺。 【练习】 1．—My father promised me ________ a mobile phone as my birthday gift. —Great! Did you promise ________ anything? A．with; doing B．with; to do C．/; to do D．/; doing 2．When you make ________ promise, please be serious and make sure that you can keep it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 写作点拨 本单元的主题与“规则”相关，那么如何写一篇与制定规则相关的短文呢？首先，用cause和effect结构来搭建正文的框架，从而达到引导学生学会写作的目的；然后，可利用本单元所学的词汇、句型、语法等来完成内容的编写。建议使用“四步法”来完成写作。 第一步确定主题： Rules for ，选择好想要制定哪方面的规则以及制定规则的背景是什么；第二步借助因果关系图梳理制定某个规则的前因后果，并完成正文部分；第三步根据正文内容进行总结；第四步检查并完善短文。 下面以“Rules for Reading in the Library＂为例，具体讲解一下写作思路。 1．确定主题，写好开头：为什么活动制定规则，制定规则的原因是什么。 Library is a good place to read books, but some students often do something bad in the library. To make the library a better place, we make some rules. And students will feel good in a better place. 2. 捋清思路，描述发现的问题以及带来的影响。 Cause Effect Take the food with strong smell. Have a bad effect on others. Throw litter around. Make the library dirty. Play music or movie too loud. Make others unhappy. Some students may feel very angry. 3．根据正文内容完成结尾总结全文。 Rules are important to us. These rules can help us read in a nice environment. I hope all the students keep them in mind and follow these rules. 4．检查改错。 可以自己检查，也可以与同学互相检查。在检查的时候注意检查句子结构、及单词拼写等问题。在遇到难以解决的问题时，可以向老师寻求帮助。 【练习】 书面表达。 在和同学们一起进行一次快乐的旅行后，班主任王老师发现了很多问题，为了以后更好地开展班级活动，王老师让同学们讨论制定新的出游规则。假如你是王老师的学生，请从你自己的角度认真思考，制定出一份班级出游新规。 Cause Effect Throw litter around. Make the bus so dirty. Leave things on the bus. Cause the driver a lot of problems. Talk and laugh loudly. Make the driver angry. 写作要求： 1．文中需包含所提示要点，可适当发挥使行文连贯； 2．语意通顺，条理清晰，书写规范； 3．文中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息； 4．词数70左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数） New Rules for Class Trips Our class went for a trip last weekend. After the trip, the bus was in a mess. To have more wonderful trips later, we make the new trip rules for class trips. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ➽思维导图 ➽基础过关 一、单词拼写 1. After the party, the living room was in such a ______ that it took us hours to clean up. (杂乱) 2. Don't jump into the deep end of the ______ if you can't swim well. (水池) 3. She made a ______ to call her parents every weekend, and she always keeps it. (承诺) 4. The teacher got ______ when she saw students cheating during the exam. (生气的) 5. Please don't speak so ______ in the library; you're disturbing others. (大声的) 二、完成句子 1．别把玩具扔得到处都是，你的房间已经一团糟了。 Don’t throw your toys everywhere. Your room is already ______ _______ ______ _______. 2．请把这些书放进书包里。 Please _________ these books _________ your schoolbag. 3．你能帮我照顾一下我的小狗吗？ Can you help me _________ _________ _________ my little dog? 4．别对妈妈撒谎，那会让她生气的。 Don’t lie to Mom. That will _________ her _________. 5．他承诺每天读半小时英语。 He _________ _________ read English for half an hour every day. 三、单项选择 （ ）1．People should stop ________ rubbish ________ the sea. A．to put; into B．putting; into C．putting; on D．to put; on （ ）2．We should learn to take care of ________ when we are away from parents. A．us B．ourselves C．them D．themselves （ ）3．—I want to buy ________ alarm. Would you like to go to the store with me? —Sure, but my room is in ________ mess. I need to clean it first. A．a; a B．an; a C．an; / （ ）4．—Why are you unhappy, Ben? —I am late for class again. I’m afraid Miss Li will ________ me. A．be interested in B．be friendly to C．be angry with （ ）5．Her voice is so ________, and she always speaks so ________ that no one likes her. A．loud; loudly B．aloud; loud C．loudly; loudly D．aloud; loudly （ ）6．I am waiting for Jenny. She promised ________ here at 6 o’clock. A．to be B．being C．be D．was ➽能力提升 1、 完形填空。先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Every school has rules for students to follow. 1 , some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control (控制) them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel 2 . Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard. In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very 3 . Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished (惩罚) their children when their children didn’t do what they were 4 to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher. In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause (导致) a student to 5 . It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn 6 difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands before 7 . If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher 8 . School rules can help students prepare for their own futures as well. When they 9 and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules. Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life 10 meaningless and in disorder. （ ）1．A．But B．Because C．However D．So （ ）2．A．tired B．angry C．excited D．good （ ）3．A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful （ ）4．A．told B．heard C．invited D．watched （ ）5．A．come out B．fall over C．move on D．pass by （ ）6．A．about B．from C．without D．in （ ）7．A．spoken B．to speak C．speaking D．speak （ ）8．A．clearly B．luckily C．quickly D．politely （ ）9．A．hurry up B．look up C．grow up D．dress up （ ）10．A．is B．was C．will be D．will 二、阅读理解 A Train Museum (博物馆) RulesIn the Train Museum, you can know the history of trains and what kinds of trains there are in the world now. Here are some rules of the Train Museum.◎ Be quiet. ◎ No running. ◎ No smoking (吸烟). ◎ Don’t get on the trains in the museum. Swimming Pool RulesIt’s a good place for swimming lovers. You can have a good time taking some exercise here. But you should follow the rules.◆No food or drinks in the pool. ◆No smoking. ◆Take a shower before getting into the pool. ◆No glassware (玻璃制品) in the pool. Children’s Play Area (儿童游戏区域) RulesChildren can play in the area with their friends after school. They may also make some new friends here. But Children’s Play Area also has some rules to follow.* No smoking. * No food or drinks. * No glassware. * No shoes. But wear socks all the time. （ ）1．What can people probably (可能) do in the train museum? A．Take photos. B．Run. C．Smoke. D．Get on the trains. （ ）2．What must people do before getting into the swimming pool? A．Brush their teeth. B．Eat some food. C．Take some drinks. D．Take a shower. （ ）3．In Children’s Play Area, children must wear ______. A．hats B．glasses C．socks D．shoes （ ）4．How many rules of Children’s Play Area are the same as rules of the swimming pool? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. （ ）5．Who may be interested in the material? A．Sally—she wants to find a restaurant with delicious hamburgers. B．Jack—he wants to know what he shouldn’t do in the swimming pool. C．Mark—he would like to buy a new pair of shoes. D．Susan—she wants to find a good place to enjoy reading in the afternoon. B My name is Kate. 6 I think these rules are important to me. At home, I can’t play computer games for over half an hour. I think it is good for my study because I can have more time to study. I must make the bed after I get up. 7 So my bedroom is always clean and tidy. My mother says keeping the room tidy is good for my health. I study at No. 2 Middle School. 8 We must arrive at school before eight in the morning. We need to wear school uniforms every school day. In class, we have to be quiet. We can’t listen to music. We can’t eat in class. 9 After class, we can’t run in the hallways. 10 Can you tell me about them? 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．We must eat in the dining hall. B．Do you have rules in your life? C．There are many rules in my life. D．And I must clean my room every day. E．At our school, we also have some rules. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null