Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section　Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会句中的动词不定式 1．I was staying in Atlanta，and that was one of the cities to be hit. 2．The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 3．The roads were blocked，so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4．I had a difficult problem to deal with. 5．That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 6．I want to have a chance to further my study abroad. 自主发现 1．句1、3、4、6中动词不定式作定语。其中，用来修饰表抽象意义的名词的是句6；表将来的是句1、4；用来修饰不定代词的是句3。 2．句2、5中动词不定式作结果状语。句5表示意想不到的结果，动词不定式常和only连用。 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 一、动词不定式作定语 (一)动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 动词不定式与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系常见的有三种：主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。 1．所修饰词与动词不定式是主谓关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语) His father is the right person to find the missing boy. 他父亲就是寻找那个失踪男孩的合适人选。 2．所修饰词与动词不定式是动宾关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语) Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 3．所修饰词与动词不定式是同位关系。(不定式说明被修饰名词的内容) She expressed a wish to make a change. 她表达了希望做出改变的愿望。 (二)常用动词不定式作定语的情况 1．当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 She is hard-working and is always the first one to come every day. 她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。 He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 2．不定式作定语所修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，reply，attempt，wish，plan等。 He has a wish to travel around the whole country. 他有一个周游全国的愿望。 3．当被修饰的词为something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用不定式作定语。 Every day he makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 他每天让一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就要加上与其搭配的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： 1．so＋形容词/副词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He studied so hard as to pass the last exam. 他如此努力学习以至于通过了最后一次考试。 2．such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He is not such a silly man as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 3．enough to do...足够…… The boy was experienced enough to deal with such a person. 对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。 He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach. 他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。 4．too＋形容词/副词＋to do太……而不能…… The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box. 这个老妇人太虚弱了，搬不动这个沉重的箱子。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. “加利福尼亚”号到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 注意： 不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 Ⅰ.用不定式改写下面的句子 1．He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong. →He is too young to tell right from wrong. 2．I’d like to see Tom，for I want to tell him something urgent. →I’d like to see Tom，for I have something urgent to tell him. 3．You are the only person in our class who is admitted into Peking University. →You are the only person in our class to be admitted into Peking University. 4．You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. →You are intelligent enough to solve the problem all by yourself. 5．A new school will be built there and it is for the poor children. →A new school to be built there is for the poor children. 6．She is the first blind student that will study in this university. →She is the first blind student to study in this university. Ⅱ.用本单元的语法完成下面短文 This summer holiday,1.I was old enough to find(我年龄足够大可以找到) a part-time job in a company.But 2.I had an interview to attend(我要参加一个面试)．With a lot of things to prepare，I was very nervous.The next day，I arrived there early,3.only to be told(结果被告知) that I was 4.the first one to come(第一个来的人)．I was nervous again，and then I found 5.a way to solve the problem(一个解决问题的方法)．Finally 6.I got the opportunity to work in the company(我获得了在公司里工作的机会)． 训练3　Grammar and usage　[分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1．He was too excited to speak(speak) when he heard the news. 2．Your ability to analyse(analyse) problems really surprised us. 3．Amy was the only person to remember(remember) my birthday. 4．We all agreed she was the most suitable person to take(take) the job. 5．The building to be built(build) next year is our new teaching building. 6．He has a large family to support(support)，so he has to do a few part-time jobs. 7．Thousands of words are not enough to express(express) how grateful we are to you. 8．Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit. Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．这是展现我们的优势的最佳时机。 This is the best time to show our advantages. 2．明天会议上要讨论的问题非常重要。 The question/problem to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 3．这个男孩子已经足够大，可以照顾自己了。 The boy is old enough to take care of himself. 4．我们制定了一个今年暑假出国旅行的计划。 We have made a plan to travel abroad this summer vacation. 5．我正在找一个住得舒服的房间。 I am looking for a comfortable room to live in. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Last week，three wildfires swept through the island of Maui in Hawaii.The fires have claimed at least 111 lives.Many people are still unaccounted for(下落不明)．Some of the fires are still burning. The wildfires began on Tuesday night，August 8.Soon，extremely strong winds caused the fires to grow out of control.There were around 400 alarms used to warn people about dangers like this,80 of them in Maui，but none of them went off.People only found out about the fires when they saw them.The historic area of Lahaina on the west side of Maui was hit worst.The wildfire destroyed over 2,700 buildings around Lahaina，most of them homes.The Lahaina wildfire is the deadliest wildfire in the US since 1918. The causes of the fires haven’t yet been determined，but the National Weather Service had issued warnings for the Hawaiian Islands for high winds and dry weather-conditions ripe for wildfires.It’s worthwhile mentioning that the wildfires in Hawaii burned through grasslands.About 25% of Hawaii is covered with grasses that originally came from Africa.They grow quickly and push out plants that grow naturally in Hawaii.The grasses created huge amounts of dry fuel(燃料) to feed the fires. Much of the western part of Maui remains without power.Local officials have also warned against drinking tap water—even if it is boiled.Though some cell services have been restored，authorities have also asked residents to text rather than talk over the phone because of restrained bandwidth(带宽)． There are so many questions that need to be answered by the government.People feel like the warnings came too late，and there hasn’t been enough help after the fire.There’s a bad need for power lines to be restored.Plus，shortages of food，water and fuel are growing.Many local people are working together to solve problems themselves.Fortunately，the government has promised to look into the fire and the way it was dealt with. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了上周席卷了夏威夷毛伊岛的三场野火的经过、造成的伤亡以及目前的情况。 1．What made the locals fail to find out about the wildfires in time? A．The fires spread too fast at night. B．The alarms did not work at all. C．They ignored the dry weather. D．They were sleeping at that time. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“There were around 400 alarms used to warn people about dangers like this,80 of them in Maui，but none of them went off.”可知，警报器完全不起作用，使得当地人没能及时发现野火。故选B。 2．What can we know about African grasses from the text? A．They favor nature protection. B．They enrich the local plants. C．They fueled the wildfires. D．They blocked the wildfire rescue. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“About 25% of Hawaii is covered with grasses that originally came from Africa...The grasses created huge amounts of dry fuel(燃料) to feed the fires.”可知，原产于非洲的草助长了野火。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “restrained” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Developed. B．Damaged. C．Limited. D．Recovered. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Though some cell services have been restored，authorities have also asked residents to text rather than talk over the phone”可推知，当局要求居民发短信而非打电话是因为带宽有限，restrained意为“受限制的”，和C项意思接近。故选C。 4．What is the author’s attitude to the government’s rescue operations? A．Positive. B．Proud. C．Unclear. D．Unsatisfied. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“There are...need to be answered by the government...There’s a bad need for power lines to be restored.Plus，shortages of food，water and fuel are growing.”可知，当地遇到了很多困难，政府的救援行动不到位。由此推知，作者对此持不满意的态度。故选D。 B Can you survive an unannounced storm? Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cellphones，there are still some examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise. While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning，sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time，endangering everyone and everything in their path. There have been oil workers trapped off the coast when sudden storms appeared.Field archaeologists have been stuck in seaside areas without storm warnings.A few decades ago，a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise.There’ve been a few cases where travelers were trapped on an island or in a seaside area and unable to escape in time. Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us—but not for all.Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without a public shelter to hide in.Most ride out the storm in their homes. But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense.If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks，you should always carry a flashlight(手电筒) with extra batteries，a GPS device(装置)，and a basic medical box.If you’re traveling in your car，remember you may suffer from high winds.You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car.Keeping your head and your courage up is crucial to survival in any type of danger.Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来的危害，同时给读者提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。 5．What can we know about most Atlantic hurricanes from the text? A．They form in the Caribbean Sea. B．They come from Gulf of Mexico. C．They are from the Pacific Ocean. D．They develop off the coast of Africa. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning...”可知，大部分的大西洋飓风是在非洲沿岸形成的。故选D。 6．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The bad situations of oil workers. B．People trapped by sudden storms. C．The danger of traveling on an island. D．The Texas National Guard group. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中提到的“oil workers”“Field archeologists”“a Texas National Guard group”和“travelers”被飓风所困可知，本段主要讲述的是被突如其来的飓风所困的人。故选B。 7．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give some advice. B．To encourage traveling. C．To underline the danger of hurricanes. D．To give some warnings. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.”以及下文提供的建议可知，本段的目的是给出一些应对预料之外的紧急情况的建议。故选A。 8．In which part of a website would you most probably find the text? A．Food. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。根据首段并结合下文中介绍的飓风给人们带来的危害，同时给读者提供了一些应对突发情况的建议可知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“生命”部分。故选C。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Unlike hurricanes or floods，earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks，although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. 1 •Drop to the ground.The drop，cover，and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake，it is the preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much，if any，warning. 2 A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second；it’s better to be safe than sorry. •Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. 3 If there isn’t a table or desk near you，cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building. •Hold on. 4 Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable to find a surface to hide under，continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked(躲藏，隐藏) down low. • 5 Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe. A．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out. B．In that case，move to the nearest safe place. C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake. D．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits. E．If possible，stay away from windows and anything that could fall. F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling. G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death. 1．答案　G 解析　上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.”说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别”承接上文，并引出下文提出的建议，符合题意。故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　本段主旨句“Drop to the ground.”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，根据空格上下文可知，大地震发生时不会有太多预警，而小地震在一刹那也可能会变成大地震。D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地”符合本段主旨，与上下文语义一致。故选D。 3．答案　E 解析　本段主旨句“Take cover.”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选E。 4．答案　F 解析　下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选F。 5．答案　A 解析　空格位于段首，为本段主旨句，应概括本段大意。下文说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者地方太拥挤并且每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的”能够概括下文内容，符合题意。故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Today，much of the world’s ocean is still a mystery.Only 5 percent of it 1._________(explore) so far.In fact，we know more about some areas of Mars 2. some parts of the world’s ocean. New technology，however，is helping scientists explore these 3. (hide) worlds.For example，scientists are using 4. underwater vehicle called DeepSea to explore seamounts—underwater mountains. Scientists have used DeepSea to study Las Gemelas，an area of seamounts near Costa Rica.A huge 5. (vary) of species live around Las Gemelas.Some of these species may have chemicals 6. can help people fight illnesses. The 7. (deep) location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.The ocean floor there is 8. (approximate) 11,000 meters deep.In 2012，filmmaker and explorer James Cameron reached the Mariana Trench in a vehicle 9._________ (call) DeepSea Challenger.He was the first 10. (complete) the journey alone.Cameron took photos and made videos on the ocean floor.Deep sea exploration also helps us in other ways.For example，we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.As Cameron says，“This is the beginning of opening up a new frontier.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜，新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。 1．答案　has been explored 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由“so far”以及ocean与explore之间的被动关系可知，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语“5 percent of it”指海洋的5%，看作不可数名词，故填has been explored。 2．答案　than 解析　考查介词。由前面的more是比较级以及句意可知，空格处用表示比较的介词than，故填than。 3．答案　hidden 解析　考查形容词。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词worlds，意为“隐藏的”，故填hidden。 4．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。vehicle为可数名词，此处是泛指，underwater是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an，故填an。 5．答案　variety 解析　考查名词。形容词huge修饰名词，故用vary的名词形式，构成词组“a variety of”意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。 6．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词chemicals指物，因此空格处用关系代词that或which，故填that/which。 7．答案　deepest 解析　考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the可知，此处需要使用形容词的最高级，表示“最深的”，故填deepest。 8．答案　approximately 解析　考查副词。空格处使用副词作状语，意为“大约”，故填approximately。 9．答案　called 解析　考查过去分词。分析可知，vehicle与call之间是被动关系，故空格处应使用过去分词，故填called。 10．答案　to complete 解析　考查动词不定式。序数词the first后用不定式作后置定语，故填to complete。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage Natural disasters Unit 2 请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会句中的动词不定式 1.I was staying in Atlanta，and that was one of the cities to be hit. 2.The kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 3.The roads were blocked，so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4.I had a difficult problem to deal with. 5.That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 6.I want to have a chance to further my study abroad. 语境感悟 自主发现 1.句_____________中动词不定式作定语。其中，用来修饰表抽象意义的名词的是句_____；表将来的是句_______；用来修饰不定代词的是句_____。 2.句______中动词不定式作结果状语。句____表示意想不到的结果，动词不定式常和_____连用。 1、3、4、6 6 1、4 3 2、5 5 only 语法总览 语法精讲 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 一、动词不定式作定语 (一)动词不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 动词不定式与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系常见的有三种：主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。 1.所修饰词与动词不定式是主谓关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语) His father is the right person to find the missing boy. 他父亲就是寻找那个失踪男孩的合适人选。 2.所修饰词与动词不定式是动宾关系(被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语) Attention，please.I have something important to say. 请注意，我有重要的事情要说。 3.所修饰词与动词不定式是同位关系。(不定式说明被修饰名词的内容) She expressed a wish to make a change. 她表达了希望做出改变的愿望。 (二)常用动词不定式作定语的情况 1.当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 She is hard-working and is always the first one to come every day. 她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。 He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 2.不定式作定语所修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，reply，attempt，wish，plan等。 He has a wish to travel around the whole country. 他有一个周游全国的愿望。 3.当被修饰的词为something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用不定式作定语。 Every day he makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 他每天让一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就要加上与其搭配的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： 1.so＋形容词/副词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He studied so hard as to pass the last exam. 他如此努力学习以至于通过了最后一次考试。 2.such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He is not such a silly man as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 3.enough to do...足够…… The boy was experienced enough to deal with such a person. 对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。 He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach. 他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。 4.too＋形容词/副词＋to do太……而不能…… The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box. 这个老妇人太虚弱了，搬不动这个沉重的箱子。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. “加利福尼亚”号到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 注意： 不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 Ⅰ.用不定式改写下面的句子 1.He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong. →He is _______________ right from wrong. 2.I’d like to see Tom，for I want to tell him something urgent. →I’d like to see Tom，for I ______________________________. 3.You are the only person in our class who is admitted into Peking University. →You are the only person in our class ________________________________. 达标检测 too young to tell have something urgent to tell him to be admitted into Peking University 4.You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. →You are _______________________________________________. 5.A new school will be built there and it is for the poor children. →A new school _______________ is for the poor children. 6.She is the first blind student that will study in this university. →She is the first blind student _______________________. intelligent enough to solve the problem all by yourself to be built there to study in this university Ⅱ.用本单元的语法完成下面短文 This summer holiday,1.______________________(我年龄足够大可以找到) a part-time job in a company.But 2.___________________________ (我要参加一个面试).With a lot of things to prepare，I was very nervous. The next day，I arrived there early,3.________________(结果被告知) that I was 4.____________________(第一个来的人).I was nervous again，and then I found 5.___________________________(一个解决问题的方法). Finally 6.__________________________________________(我获得了在公司里工作的机会). I was old enough to find I had an interview to attend only to be told the first one to come a way to solve the problem I got the opportunity to work in the company $$