Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buñol every August.I think many food festivals are boring because people are just eating.However，this festival is interesting because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes.Instead，they throw them at each other！The number of people taking part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000，and it is a very exciting fight that lasts for a whole hour.The amazing thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight.This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean! 自主发现 1．加黑部分boring，interesting在句中作表语。 2．加黑部分 taking part in this tomato fight，exciting，amazing在句中作定语，分别修饰名词people，fight和thing。 动词-ing形式作定语和表语 一、动词-ing形式作定语 1．单个现在分词作定语与分词短语作定语 Do you know the swimming boy in the swimming pool? 你认识那个正在游泳池里游泳的男孩吗？ He brought us surprising news. 他给我们带来了惊人的消息。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 总结： 2．动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动，且动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university.(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 总结：动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。 疑难点津　动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但动词-ing形式作定语也有被动形式，即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle. 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music. 当前正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1．动名词作表语 What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. (＝Her staying up too late every night is what worries me most.) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 总结：表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 2．现在分词作表语 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。 The news is exciting. 这则消息令人兴奋。 总结：表明主语的性质和特征，有些作表语的-ing形式由表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词转化而来，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。 3．不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语 My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。 I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这个决定感到失望。 总结：不定式作表语通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ed形式作表语表示由外因而使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The accident you told me just now is so terrifying(terrify)． 2．As you see，the situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring(inspire)． 3．It was a luxury if you had a washing(wash) machine at that time. 4．The newspaper reporter was the last to walk(walk) out of the cave. 5．From seeing wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing(amaze)． 6．They learn the principles of flight and test their operating(operate) skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)． 7．For its 10th anniversary，as a fan of the English newspaper Youth，I want to share my reading(read) experience. 8．To people’s surprise，the topic discussed(discuss) yesterday has drawn some experts’ attention. Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文 Tom was on his way home when he saw an old man 1.carrying a walking stick(拿着拐杖的) crossing the street.Suddenly he was hit by a car 2.coming from the opposite direction(从相反方向来的)．Tom was 3.quite worried(很担忧)，and the terrible scene was 4.terrifying(吓人的)．Pedestrians 5.passing by(路过的) all came to help him，but the car 6.knocking him down(撞倒他的) ran away immediately.Tom called the police quickly and thanks to the people 7.offering help(提供帮助的)，the driver was finally caught.　　　　 训练3　Discovering Useful Structures　[分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．When we got a call saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 2．Doing so much housework is tiring(tire)，so you’d better have a rest now. 3．The woman looking(look) at her map is a relative of my mother’s. 4．At present，there are many problems remaining(remain) to be solved. 5．Give me the blue raincoat，please，the one hanging(hang) behind the door. 6．There’s a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again. 7．Listen！The song being sung(sing) is very popular with students! 8．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) online can be lower than those in a physical store. Ⅱ.用动词-ing形式补全句子(每小题3分，满分15分) 1．你应该适应这种快速变化的局势。 You should adapt to the rapidly changing situation. 2．她给我们讲的她妈妈的人生故事听起来很感人。 Her mother’s life story she tells us sounds moving. 3．在阅览室不允许大声喧哗。 No one is allowed to speak loudly in the reading room. 4．正在设计的体育馆将是我们城市最大的一个。 The stadium being designed now will be the biggest one in our city. 5．法院做出这样的决定令所有人震惊。 It was astonishing to everyone that the court had made such a decision. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分) A I was on an amazing trip with my wife，following Marco，our guide to experience the festival of Qoyllur Rit’i which takes place at 4,300 metres in the southern Andes of Peru，a festival which few foreign tourists ever get to see. People were travelling to this festival from all over Peru.Among them there were old men，mothers with small babies and children all following the same route.Many of them had horses carrying their food，blankets and tents.Some，like us，had come by bus to Mahuayani，the nearest town，and were walking up from there. We continued climbing for another hour and a half before reaching the Sinakara valley.There we looked down on a flat plain of open grassland.Right across this flat piece of ground people were putting up tents of blue plastic to protect themselves from the rain.Marco chose a spot to put up our tent. Not far away in an open market，people were buying tiny houses，cars or small pictures showing a baby or something else.Marco explained that these represented something the pilgrims(朝圣者)wanted.They would take them and bury them in the mountain.This，they believed，would make sure that what they wished for would come true in the year to come. After dinner we went to bed fully clothed inside our sleeping bags.We were up early the next morning，the main day of the festival.The Ukukus men wearing black masks and bright costumes，had left their tents in the early hours to climb the nearest mountain by the light of the full moon.They stopped to dance from time to time，believing this would bring luck to their villages.As they came down，they were joined by groups of dancers in traditional costumes.They performed wherever there was a space.Although there did not seem to be anyone organising them，the whole festival had become a huge harmonious celebration. 1．Who might be the author of the text? A．A tour guide. B．A schoolboy. C．A native of Peru. D．A foreign traveller. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的叙述可知，作者和妻子一起在导游的带领下体验了一个很少有外国游客能够看到的节日。由此可推知作者应该是个外国游客。故选D。 2．Where did Qoyllur Rit’i take place? A．In the Sinakara valley. B．On the top of a mountain. C．In the town of Mahuayani. D．In a faraway village in Peru. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及整个第三段的描述可知，锡纳卡拉山谷是他们的目的地，即节日庆祝的地点。故选A。 3．What did the Ukukus do on the main day of the festival? A．They danced wherever possible. B．They got up after the sun came out. C．They danced to entertain the tourists. D．They wore black traditional costumes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，在节日的主要日子里，乌库库人到处跳舞。故选A。 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．An Unpleasant Trip to Peru B．The Experience of Qoyllur Rit’i C．The History of Qoyllur Rit’i D．A Disappearing Tradition in Peru 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要讲述了作者在秘鲁参加雪星节庆祝活动的经历。故选B。 B While doing homework，Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder.She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes.This surprised her so much that she did some research.And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision(视力) or even without any vision.Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born. It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D information about the placement of walls，furniture and other things.Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon，which then raises little pins(大头针) to show where those obstacles(障碍物) are.Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them. When the invention worked for the first time，Seoyoung didn’t believe it.She’d been up all night working on it.To be sure there wasn’t a mistake，she shut it off and started it up.It had been seven long months of research and testing.Now this tool can help disabled people create a mental image of their surroundings. The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer.That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three.Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down.When the sensor finds an obstacle，the pin rises.It can rise to three different heights.Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle.Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height. Mind Beacon won Seoyoung a place at the world’s high school research competition.Right now，she wants to ameliorate it.She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone，with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle.It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead. 5．What inspired Seoyoung to invent Mind Beacon? A．The desire to win a competition. B．The blind’s good sense of touch. C．Her wish to bring convenience to the disabled. D．Her ability to locate an object without full vision. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“...closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder...the idea for Mind Beacon was born.”可知，Seoyoung仅用一只眼睛就能成功地拿起笔筒，这启发她发明出了Mind Beacon。 6．How does Mind Beacon help the blind? A．By informing them of the obstacles in advance. B．By teaching them to describe dangerous objects. C．By making them have easy access to the Internet. D．By training them to remember maps of their living areas. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“...to gather 3D information about the placement...show where those obstacles(障碍物) are...walk around them.”可知，Mind Beacon通过让盲人提前知道障碍物的位置来给他们提供帮助。 7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of Mind Beacon pins. B．The working process of Mind Beacon. C．The role of computers in Mind Beacon. D．The effect of Mind Beacon on the blind. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。通读第四段内容可知，第四段详细介绍了Mind Beacon的工作过程。 8．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” probably mean? A．Keep. B．Spread. C．Improve. D．Control. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone，with more little pins that can show the exact height of the obstacle...”可知，Seoyoung想“改进”她的发明。 Ⅳ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How to Celebrate Earth Day Are you looking for ways to celebrate Earth Day on April 22? You’ve come to the right place.If you’re ready to learn more about joining the global celebration，making real change，and doing your part to save our planet，read on! Walk or ride your bike. 1 Even one day can make a difference，but if you can commit(承诺) to walking or biking more often in the future，that’s even better! If your daily commute is too far for walking/biking，try public transportation like buses or trains. Plant a tree.This simple act will benefit the environment for decades.Planting a tree only takes a few minutes，but it can make a huge impact. 2 They help to save energy，clean pollution，and provide homes for many birds，insects，and other local wildlife. Attend a local Earth Day event. 3 If your community doesn’t have one planned，consider starting one yourself.It’s the perfect day to get together for a fun and educational celebration of the earth. Visit a local farmer’s market.Eating locally-grown food is much better for the environment.For example，locally-grown food doesn’t have to be transported long distances to end up on grocery store shelves. 4 Commit to one green act per day.You can keep reducing your carbon footprint once Earth Day is over. 5 While small changes at the individual level may not seem like a big deal，they add up over time and can have a major impact.Moving forward，make it your goal to do one small thing every day to support the environment. A．Earth Day can be every day! B．Trees are extremely important. C．Trees need extra care to grow well. D．Get out there and appreciate our beautiful world. E．Going car-free for the day will reduce harmful gases. F．See if your community is holding an environmental fair. G．You’ll also be giving back to your community by supporting local farmers. 1．答案　E 解析　根据段首句“Walk or ride your bike.”及空后内容可知，空后主要讲述的是尽量不要开车出行，多选择步行或骑自行车。选项E“一天不开车会减少有害气体”与下文内容一致，解释了为什么多选择步行或骑自行车。故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　根据空后“They help to save energy，clean pollution，and provide homes for many birds，insects，and other local wildlife.”可知，树的好处很多。选项B“树木非常重要”在内容上与下文一致，是下文内容的概括；而下文的“They”指的正是选项中的“Trees”。故选B。 3．答案　F 解析　根据空后“If your community doesn’t have one planned，consider starting one yourself.”可知，空处和“社区是否有这样的计划”有关。选项F“看看你的社区是否正在举办环境博览会”与下文内容一致。故选F。 4．答案　G 解析　根据空前内容可知，上文讲的是在当地农贸市场购买食物的好处。选项G“你也可以通过支持当地农民来回馈社区”与上文内容一致，指的都是在当地农贸市场购买食物的好处，这样可以回馈社区。故选G。 5．答案　A 解析　根据空前内容可知，作者认为减少碳足迹，我们可以每一天都做一件环保的事情。选项A“地球日可以是每一天”与上文内容一致，指的都是我们可以把每天都当作地球日来度过，每天都可以做一件环保的事情。故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) Tai Chi is part of China’s traditional culture.It is a unique type of Chinese kung fu marked with slow and gentle movements 1. are designed for self-protection，strengthening of body and prevention of diseases.Tai Chi’s movements with deep breathing and relaxation can help promote inner peace and calm，so it is suitable 2. people of different ages. Tai Chi 3. (date) back as far as 2,500 years.It is said that Zhang Sanfeng，a 13th-century Taoist，invented Tai Chi after watching 4. fight between a snake and a bird.However，more people tend to believe that Tai Chi 5. (develop) on the basis of martial arts skills by Chen Wangting，a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts. In general，it is believed that Tai Chi can slow down aging，strengthen muscles，and aid in the treatment of heart disease，skin disease and many other 6. (illness)．Besides，Tai Chi can improve mood if people are worried or depressed.According to some studies,7. (practice) Tai Chi on a daily basis can also help people get a 8. (good) sleep.With so many benefits of Tai Chi，more and more people begin to pick up this 9. (amaze) Chinese traditional sport to improve the quality of 10. (they) life. 1．答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为movements，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 2．答案　for 解析　考查介词。be suitable for“适合于”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填for。 3．答案　dates 解析　考查动词时态及主谓一致。此句谓语动词date通常要用一般现在时，表示从现在追溯过去的历史，主语Tai Chi为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。单数可数名词fight是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，fight的首字母发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 5．答案　was developed 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。动词develop和主语之间是被动关系，根据17th-century可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，Tai Chi是单数，be动词使用was。故填was developed。 6．答案　illnesses 解析　考查名词复数。many后应用名词复数形式。故填illnesses。 7．答案　practicing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用其动名词形式作主语。故填practicing。 8．答案　better 解析　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，此处应用其比较级作定语，修饰名词sleep，表示“更好的睡眠”。故填better。 9．答案　amazing 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词sport应用以-ing结尾的形容词amazing作定语，意为“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。 10．答案　their 解析　考查物主代词。限定名词life，应用其形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填their。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures Festivals and celebrations Unit1 语境感悟 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buñol every August.I think many food festivals are boring because people are just eating.However，this festival is interesting because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes.Instead，they throw them at each other！The number of people taking part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000，and it is a very exciting fight that lasts for a whole hour.The amazing thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight.This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean! [自主发现] 1.加颜色部分boring，interesting在句中作 。 2.加颜色部分 taking part in this tomato fight，exciting，amazing在句中作 ，分别修饰名词people，fight和 。 表语 定语 thing 语法精讲 动词-ing形式作定语和表语 一、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个现在分词作定语与分词短语作定语 Do you know the swimming boy in the swimming pool? 你认识那个正在游泳池里游泳的男孩吗？ He brought us surprising news. 他给我们带来了惊人的消息。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 <<< 总 结 2.动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动，且动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university.(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 <<< 总 结 动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。 疑难点津　动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但动词-ing形式作定语也有被动形式，即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle. 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music. 当前正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1.动名词作表语 What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. (＝Her staying up too late every night is what worries me most.) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 <<< 总 结 表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 2.现在分词作表语 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。 The news is exciting. 这则消息令人兴奋。 <<< 总 结 表明主语的性质和特征，有些作表语的-ing形式由表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词转化而来，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。 3.不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语 My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。 I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这个决定感到失望。 <<< 总 结 不定式作表语通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ed形式作表语表示由外因而使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The accident you told me just now is so (terrify). 2.As you see，the situation both at home and abroad is very ____________(inspire). 3.It was a luxury if you had a (wash) machine at that time. 4.The newspaper reporter was the last (walk) out of the cave. 5.From seeing wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was ___________(amaze). terrifying inspiring washing 达标检测 to walk amazing 6.They learn the principles of flight and test their (operate) skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱). 7.For its 10th anniversary，as a fan of the English newspaper Youth，I want to share my (read) experience. 8.To people’s surprise，the topic (discuss) yesterday has drawn some experts’ attention. operating reading discussed Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文 Tom was on his way home when he saw an old man 1.____________ _____________(拿着拐杖的) crossing the street.Suddenly he was hit by a car 2. (从相反方向来的).Tom was 3._______________(很担忧)，and the terrible scene was 4.____________ (吓人的).Pedestrians 5. (路过的) all came to help him，but the car 6. (撞倒他的) ran away immediately.Tom called the police quickly and thanks to the people 7. (提供帮助的)，the driver was finally caught.　　　　 carrying a walking stick coming from the opposite direction quite worried terrifying passing by knocking him down offering help $$