Unit 8 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第三册教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 Part 4　语法项目精讲 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A.The role of Roots & Shoots. B.The future of Roots & Shoots. C.The features of Roots & Shoots. D.The history of Roots & Shoots. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 ROOTS & SHOOTS Just-me-ism Basic information of Roots & Shoots The meaning of its name A call for action 4.________________ 5._____________________ move slowly under the ground to make a 6._______________ break open brick walls to reach 7.________ every individual 8._________ its three 1.__________ its potential 2.______ 3._________________ time founder purpose roots shoots examples harm in the early 1990s Dr. Jane Goodall to educate young people firm foundation the light matters Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.Which is NOT “Just-me-ism”？ A.Leaving a light on when you go out. B.Turning off the light when you go out. C.Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth. D.Dropping a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. √ 2.Who is Jane Goodall? A.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees. B.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild monkeys. C.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild tigers. D.A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild wolves. √ 3.What can we learn from the text? A.One individual doesn’t matter. B.Every individual can make a difference to the world. C.Only a few people suffer from “Just-me-ism”. D.People can’t live together in peace with nature. √ 4.What’s the purpose of the passage? A.To tell readers what “Just-me-ism” is. B.To persuade everyone to adopt “Just-me-ism”. C.To introduce the establishment of Roots & Shoots. D.To call on everyone to take action to protect our environment. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Most people suffer from what is known as“Just-me-ism”.It is a bad behaviour which does damage to the environment.Therefore,1._____ _________(inspire) young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots 2. (set) up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to 3. (she) research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to 4._________________ (environment) protection.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots 5. (be) to educate young people， to inspire was set her environmental is from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future 6. is secure and live together in peace with nature.The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 7. (slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak,8. they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your 9. (friend) and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it 10. better place to live in.That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual. that/which 返 回 slowly but friends a 难句分析 长句 12 1.Most people suffer from what is known “Just-me-ism”.(P31，Para.1) 结构分析：本句是 句。what引导 从句，在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：________________________________________ as 主从复合 宾语 主语 大多数人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.This institute was set up in early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.(P31，Para.2) 结构分析：本句是 句。a scientist是Dr.Jane Goodall的 ；who引导 从句，修饰 ，在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ the the 同位语 主从复合 这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。 定语 a scientist 主语 3.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is (educate) young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together peace with nature.(P31，Para.2) 结构分析：本句是由so连接的 句。第一个分句是 结构；第二个分句中that引导 从句，修饰a future，在从句中作 。 汉语翻译：____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ to educate in 并列复合 “根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。 主系表 定语 主语 4.Hundreds and thousands roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.(P31，Para.3) 结构分析：本句是 句。句中solve，change和make是 ；make it a better place to live in是make的复合结构，其中it是 ，a better place是 ，to live in是不定式短语作 ，修饰place。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ of 简单 并列谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 后置定语 成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使之成为更好的居住地。 5.Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag (it) tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：本句是 句。you help to make the world a better place是省略了that的 从句；when you make...smile，when you make...tail和when you water...plant是三个并列的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ its 主从复合 时间状语 当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？ 宾语 6.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role _________(play). Every individual makes difference.”(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：本句是 句。第一个that引导的是 从句；第二个that引导的是 从句，该从句中3个以“Every individual”开头的句子构成 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ to play a 主从复合 珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“ 每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。” 返 回 宾语 表语 排比 知识学习 语言 19 n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射击；射中；拍摄[shooting n.射击；枪杀；(电影)拍摄] 1 shoot • take a shoot at朝……射击 • shoot at朝……射击；向……开枪 (1)这名士兵毫不犹豫地向靶子射击，但又没有射中。 The soldier didn’t hesitate to the target，but missed it again. (2)The short movie which was shot in that area was very popular with the old people. →The short movie was very popular with the old people.(用非谓语动词改写) shoot at/take a shoot at shot in that area • bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 it bothers sb that.../to do sth使某人苦恼的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事 • have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力 vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.麻烦(bothered adj.烦恼的) 2 bother (1)Don’t bother (look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day. (2)The fact is that they can’t be bothered (do) minor things that won’t give them results. (3) Currently，he’s busy with the contest，so you’d better not bother him so many questions. to look/looking to do with/about (4)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)他整天心烦意乱，无法专心上课。 He ，unable to put his mind into his lessons. (5)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)让凯莉(Kelly)烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派对。 she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew. 写作佳句 felt bothered all day It bothered Kelly that take steps/measures采取措施 take notice of注意；理会 take a chance冒险；碰运气 take effect生效；起作用 take advantage of利用 采取行动 take action 3 用take短语的正确形式完成语段 As a responsible citizen，he has (1) the fact that most people have begun a green life.So he decides to (2)____________________ ___________.For example，he will (3) the Internet to call on more people to protect the environment.When the new rules (4) ，he will inform the fans as soon as possible. taken notice of take action/steps/ measures take advantage of take effect • lay the foundation for...为……打下基础 without foundation无事实根据 • found...on/upon...把……建立在……上 n.基础；地基；创建，创办(found vt.创立；建立founder n.创办人，创始者) foundation 4 (1)Currently，the shop is being run by the (found) and his two sons. (2)The school has served the community since its (found) in 2022. founder foundation (3)四年的大学学习和生活为未来的事业奠定了基础，抓住这四年就是把握住了未来。 Four years of university study and life _____________________ ______________and seizing the years is to grasp future. 写作佳句 lay the foundation for future career • involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 involve oneself in 参与 involve doing sth包含做某事；需要做某事 • get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；参与；热衷于；专心于 vt.参与；包含(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的) involve 5 (1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved ____________(spend) quite a lot of time with students. (2)To protect our environment，we should get (involve) in recycling the used materials. (3)The old man is trying to stop the youth involved the fighting now. spending involved in (4)(应用文写作之活动报道)来自不同县区的大约100家公司参与了这次展览。 About 100 companies from different counties ______________ _________________________________. 写作佳句 got involved in/ involved themselves in the exhibition “leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构 6 Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(P31，Para.1) 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。 结构分析：本句是复合句。say之后为or 连接的两个宾语从句；while和when均引导时间状语从句；“leave the tap running”和“leave a light on”都属于“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。 “leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构中宾补可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。 (1)The young mother was busy doing housework，leaving her little son _________(cry) there. (2)He was so tense that he left his house hurriedly，leaving his breakfast ____________(untouch). crying untouched (3)听到这个消息，他冲出了公寓，门还开着。 Hearing the news，he rushed out of the flat，_______________ _______. 写作佳句 leaving the door open if 引导的虚拟条件句 7 Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(P31，Para.1) 当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。 结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。 虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：   从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 (1)过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 (1)(应用文写作之感谢信)如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。 If you in time，I ____________________ great trouble. (2)(2024·北京，写作)如果我是你，我会谈谈中国减少贫困的努力，这些努力使数百万人摆脱了贫困，改善了许多人的生活。 If ，I to reduce poverty，which have lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved the lives of many people. 写作佳句 hadn’t helped me could have got into I were you would discuss China’s efforts (3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果明天下雨的话，我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。 If it tomorrow，we _________ _____ the sport meet until next weekend. rained/should rain/were to rain would put 返 回 off 项目精讲 语法 41 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色词汇在句中所作成分 Last Tuesday，a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community.As I walked down No.1 Street，I saw volunteers 1.encouraging people to join in.2.Inspired by the message of the project，many people felt that they should act now，as they have seen an 3.increasing number of highly 4.polluted days this year. 语境感悟 While recently，many have become more concerned about environmental protection.There are still some who haven’t,5.thinking that someone else will deal with the problem.However，if everybody had that attitude，we would never see any environmental problems 6.solved in our society.We should remember—it’s not just “me”！ [自主发现] 1. ；2. ；3. ；4. ；5. ；6. 。 宾补 状语 定语 定语 状语 宾补 语法精讲 动词-ing和-ed形式 动词-ing形式和-ed形式是非谓语动词的两种非常重要的形式，在句子中可以作状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语等。 一、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作状语 1.与句子主语的关系 动词-ing形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。 动词-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 Not knowing what to do，he went to the organiser for help.(he和know之间是主动关系) 由于不知道做什么，他去找组织者求助。 Given more attention，the founders could have done better.(the founders和give之间是被动关系) 如果这些创始人受到更多关注，他们本可以做得更好。 2.动词-ing形式和-ed形式在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等。 (1)作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在前面加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等。 Hearing the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. ＝When they heard the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. 听到这个消息后，他们立即采取行动阻止了这项研究。 Asked (＝When he was asked) why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.当他被问到为什么他看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。 (2)作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. ＝As he was poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. 因为穷，他在那个地区买不起一所大房子。 Blamed (＝Because he was blamed) by his boss，he decided to change his job. 因为被老板责备了，他决定换工作。 (3)作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。 Using your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. ＝If you use your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. 动动脑筋，你很可能找到一个好的方法来克服困难。 Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 (4)作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。 He walked down the river，thinking about the current problems. ＝He walked down the river and thought about the current problems. 他沿着河流一边走，一边考虑着当前的问题。 The organiser entered the hall，(and he was) followed by a group of volunteers. 组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。 (5)作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。 Liking the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. ＝Although/Though/While I like the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. 虽然我非常喜欢这辆车，但是我没有足够的钱买它。 Offered (＝Although/Though/While he was offered) such a nice job，Tom didn’t feel contented at all. 虽然被提供了那么好的工作，但汤姆一点儿也不感到满足。 语法拓展： 1.动词-ing形式作结果状语，是表示随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，前面有时候可以加thus。不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。试比较： The glass fell off the table，breaking into pieces. 杯子从桌子上掉下来，摔成了碎片。 I hurried to the playground，only to find that the bricks had been removed. 我匆忙赶到操场，却发现那些砖已经被搬走了。 2.having done作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well. 因为在北京住了很多年，他对这座城市很熟悉。 注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果它们有自己的独立主语，则要用独立主格结构：当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。 Carrying a large and heavy box，she tripped on a step and fell.(√) Carrying a large and heavy box，her foot tripped on a step and fell.(×) Time permitting，we can complete the project. 如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语Time与 permit之间存在主谓关系，独立主格结构作条件状语) All the work done，they decided to treat themselves to a movie. 所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语All the work与do之间存在动宾关系，独立主格结构作原因或时间状语) 二、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语多表示主动或正在进行，也可指事物的用途，与它所修饰的词往往构成逻辑上的主动关系；动词-ed形式作定语多表示被动或完成，与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系。单个的动词-ing形式或-ed形式作定语往往前置，动词-ing或-ed短语往往后置。 The young man working in that institute is my brother.(主动) 那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.(用途) 阅览室里不准大声说话。 China is a developing country，where most people are leading a contented life.(进行) 中国是一个发展中国家，这里的大部分人都过着满意的生活。 The retired man is very interested in recycling these materials.(完成) 那个退休的人对回收利用这些材料非常感兴趣。 Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(被动) 昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？ The injured were not bothered to walk in the yard；they preferred to lie in bed.(被动) 这些伤者懒得在院子里散步，他们更愿意躺在床上。 语法拓展： 1.不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如： a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一名退休工人 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶 a developed country＝a country which has developed一个发达国家 2.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 　　　意义 形式　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is a new institute for that university. 去年建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building being built now is a new institute for that university. 现在正在建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building to be built next month is a new institute for that university. 下个月将要建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 三、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的主动意义，动词-ed形式则表示已经完成的被动意义。 -ing形式 表示主动，动作正在进行，宾语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的执行者。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 -ed形式 表示被动，动作已完成，宾语是动词-ed形式所表示动作的承受者。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 具体用法如下： 1.位于感官动词，如see，hear，feel，watch，find，notice等后。 We saw the smog filling the whole city in that winter. 那个冬天，我们看到雾霾笼罩了整座城市。 When I found him struggling for a chance to go abroad，I felt a little surprised. 当我发现他为了一个出国机会在奋斗时，我有点惊讶。 I opened the magazine，only to find the advertisement cut out. 我打开杂志，却发现那则广告被剪掉了。 When she heard her husband affected by a deadly disease，she was worried about him. 当她听说丈夫感染了致命疾病时，她非常担心他。 2.位于使役动词，如make，have，get，keep，leave等后。 The young conductor was a little shy，so it was hard to get him talking. 这位年轻的指挥有些害羞，让他开口讲话是很难的。 He rushed out of the house，leaving his little son crying. 他冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。 The clock doesn’t work，so you’d better have its battery changed. 那个钟停摆了，你最好把电池换掉。 She still couldn’t make herself understood in English. 她仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。 3.用于with复合结构中。 With so many people looking at her，the young performer felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。 With all the problems settled，he felt relieved. 所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。 注意：make后的宾语补足语一般不用现在分词表主动，而只用过去分词表被动。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。 四、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作表语 1.作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 The news that so many accidents occurred last week was worrying. 上周发生了那么多事故，这消息令人担忧。 My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall. 我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。 2.动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。 (1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。 When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there. 当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。 When they arrived in that region，they found that they were lost. 他们到达那个地区时发现自己迷路了。 (2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往具备形容词的性质。 We were amazed at the story of that man with strong determination. 我们对那位具有坚定决心的人的故事感到大为惊奇。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. (frighten) by the fierce dog，the little girl began to cry. 2.It was so cold that he found it hard to get the old car (run). 3.The boy felt more uneasy with the whole class (stare) at him. 4.The organiser stood there， (surround) by a group of students. 5.The (retire) teacher makes a proposal to protect the environment. 达标检测 Frightened running staring surrounded retired 6.What made the composer sad was that he had his bike (steal) last night. 7.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars. 8.As we all know，China is a developing country (belong) to the third world. 9.The old man， (work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. 10.Clearly and thoughtfully (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. stolen using belonging having worked written Ⅱ.单句写作 1.太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着，发出光和热。 The sun shines brightly in the sky， . 2.因为专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜晚临近了。 ，John didn’t notice evening drawing near. 3.刚才被警察问询的那个人对这场打斗进行了不同的描述。 The man gave very different descriptions of the fight. 4. 汤姆对学习失去了信心；我发现他总是上网。 Tom loses confidence in study；I . giving off light and heat Absorbed/Involved in painting questioned by the police just now find him always surfing the Internet Ⅲ.完成下面语段，尽可能多地使用现在分词和过去分词 一场基于中国传统文化的英语演讲比赛定于下周在我校举行。 An English speech contest 1.________________________________ is scheduled to be held in our school next week. based on traditional Chinese culture 比赛如此令人兴奋以至于我已经报名并且完成了以中国茶为中心的演讲草稿。 It is 2. I have signed up and finished a speech draft 3._______________________________. so exciting that centered/centering on Chinese tea 然而，我有点担心，因为我不是很确定我是否已经让别人理解我的意思。您能抽些时间把我的草稿看一看并将它修改、润色一下吗？细节在附 件中。 However，I am 4. ，for I am not quite sure whether I have 5. .Would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through my draft and 6.____________________________ The details are in the attachment. 返 回 a little worried made myself understood have it corrected and polished? $$ Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The role of Roots & Shoots. B．The future of Roots & Shoots. C．The features of Roots & Shoots. D．The history of Roots & Shoots. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Which is NOT “Just-me-ism”？ A．Leaving a light on when you go out. B．Turning off the light when you go out. C．Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth. D．Dropping a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. 答案　B 2．Who is Jane Goodall? A．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees. B．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild monkeys. C．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild tigers. D．A scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild wolves. 答案　A 3．What can we learn from the text? A．One individual doesn’t matter. B．Every individual can make a difference to the world. C．Only a few people suffer from “Just-me-ism”． D．People can’t live together in peace with nature. 答案　B 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To tell readers what “Just-me-ism” is. B．To persuade everyone to adopt “Just-me-ism”． C．To introduce the establishment of Roots & Shoots. D．To call on everyone to take action to protect our environment. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Most people suffer from what is known as“Just-me-ism”．It is a bad behaviour which does damage to the environment.Therefore,1.to inspire(inspire) young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots 2.was set(set) up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to 3.her(she) research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to 4.environmental (environment)protection.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots 5.is(be) to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future 6.that/which is secure and live together in peace with nature.The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 7.slowly(slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak,8.but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your 9.friends(friend) and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it 10.a better place to live in.That’s what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual. 1．Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”．(P31，Para.1) 结构分析：本句是主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：大多数人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.(P31，Para.2) 结构分析：本句是主从复合句。a scientist是Dr.Jane Goodall的同位语；who引导定语从句，修饰 a scientist，在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。 3.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate(educate) young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.(P31，Para.2) 结构分析：本句是由so连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰a future，在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。 4.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.(P31，Para.3) 结构分析：本句是简单句。句中solve，change和make是并列谓语；make it a better place to live in是make的复合结构，其中it是宾语，a better place是宾语补足语，to live in是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰place。 汉语翻译：成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使之成为更好的居住地。 5.Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag its(it) tail，and when you water a thirsty plant？(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：本句是主从复合句。you help to make the world a better place是省略了that的宾语从句；when you make...smile，when you make...tail和when you water...plant是三个并列的时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？ 6.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play(play)．Every individual makes a difference.”(P31，Para.4) 结构分析：本句是主从复合句。第一个that引导的是宾语从句；第二个that引导的是表语从句，该从句中3个以“Every individual”开头的句子构成排比。 汉语翻译：珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“ 每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。” shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射击；射中；拍摄[shooting n．射击；枪杀；(电影)拍摄] ·take a shoot at朝……射击 ·shoot at朝……射击；向……开枪 (1)这名士兵毫不犹豫地向靶子射击，但又没有射中。 The soldier didn’t hesitate to shoot at/take a shoot at the target，but missed it again. (2)The short movie which was shot in that area was very popular with the old people. →The short movie shot in that area was very popular with the old people.(用非谓语动词改写) bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n．麻烦(bothered adj.烦恼的) ·bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 it bothers sb that.../to do sth使某人苦恼的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth懒得做某事 ·have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力 (1)Don’t bother to look/looking(look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day. (2)The fact is that they can’t be bothered to do(do) minor things that won’t give them results. (3) Currently，he’s busy with the contest，so you’d better not bother him with/about so many questions. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)他整天心烦意乱，无法专心上课。 He felt bothered all day，unable to put his mind into his lessons. (5)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)让凯莉(Kelly)烦恼的是，她要和一群她几乎不认识的孩子一起参加一个派对。 It bothered Kelly that she would be at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew. take action 采取行动 take steps/measures采取措施 take notice of注意；理会 take a chance冒险；碰运气 take effect生效；起作用 take advantage of利用 用take短语的正确形式完成语段 As a responsible citizen，he has (1)taken notice of the fact that most people have begun a green life.So he decides to (2)take action/steps/measures.For example，he will (3)take advantage of the Internet to call on more people to protect the environment.When the new rules (4)take effect，he will inform the fans as soon as possible. foundation n．基础；地基；创建，创办(found vt.创立；建立founder n．创办人，创始者) ·lay the foundation for...为……打下基础 without foundation无事实根据 ·found...on/upon...把……建立在……上 (1)Currently，the shop is being run by the founder(found) and his two sons. (2)The school has served the community since its foundation(found) in 2022. [写作佳句] (3)四年的大学学习和生活为未来的事业奠定了基础，抓住这四年就是把握住了未来。 Four years of university study and life lay the foundation for future career and seizing the years is to grasp future. involve vt.参与；包含(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的) ·involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 involve oneself in 参与 involve doing sth包含做某事；需要做某事 ·get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；参与；热衷于；专心于 (1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students. (2)To protect our environment，we should get involved(involve) in recycling the used materials. (3)The old man is trying to stop the youth involved in the fighting now. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之活动报道)来自不同县区的大约100家公司参与了这次展览。 About 100 companies from different counties got involved in/involved themselves in the exhibition. “leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构 Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(P31，Para.1) 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。 结构分析：本句是复合句。say之后为or 连接的两个宾语从句；while和when均引导时间状语从句；“leave the tap running”和“leave a light on”都属于“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— “leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构中宾补可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)The young mother was busy doing housework，leaving her little son crying(cry) there. (2)He was so tense that he left his house hurriedly，leaving his breakfast untouched(untouch)． [写作佳句] (3)听到这个消息，他冲出了公寓，门还开着。 Hearing the news，he rushed out of the flat，leaving the door open. if 引导的虚拟条件句 Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world.(P31，Para.1) 当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。 结构分析：本句含有if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下： 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 (1)过去式 (2)were to＋动词原形 (3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 ———————————————————————————————————————— [写作佳句] (1)(应用文写作之感谢信)如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。 If you hadn’t helped me in time，I could have got into great trouble. (2)(2024·北京，写作)如果我是你，我会谈谈中国减少贫困的努力，这些努力使数百万人摆脱了贫困，改善了许多人的生活。 If I were you，I would discuss China’s efforts to reduce poverty，which have lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved the lives of many people. (3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果明天下雨的话，我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。 If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow，we would put off the sport meet until next weekend. 阅读以下短文，感知加黑词汇在句中所作成分 Last Tuesday，a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community.As I walked down No.1 Street，I saw volunteers 1.encouraging people to join in.2.Inspired by the message of the project，many people felt that they should act now，as they have seen an 3.increasing number of highly 4.polluted days this year. While recently，many have become more concerned about environmental protection.There are still some who haven’t,5.thinking that someone else will deal with the problem.However，if everybody had that attitude，we would never see any environmental problems 6.solved in our society.We should remember—it’s not just “me”！ [自主发现] 1．宾补；2.状语；3.定语；4.定语；5.状语；6.宾补。 动词-ing和-ed形式 动词-ing形式和-ed形式是非谓语动词的两种非常重要的形式，在句子中可以作状语、定语、宾语补足语、表语等。 一、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作状语 1．与句子主语的关系 动词-ing形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。 动词-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 Not knowing what to do，he went to the organiser for help.(he和know之间是主动关系) 由于不知道做什么，他去找组织者求助。 Given more attention，the founders could have done better.(the founders和give之间是被动关系) 如果这些创始人受到更多关注，他们本可以做得更好。 2．动词-ing形式和-ed形式在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、让步等。 (1)作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在前面加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等。 Hearing the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. ＝When they heard the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. 听到这个消息后，他们立即采取行动阻止了这项研究。 Asked (＝When he was asked) why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.当他被问到为什么他看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。 (2)作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. ＝As he was poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. 因为穷，他在那个地区买不起一所大房子。 Blamed (＝Because he was blamed) by his boss，he decided to change his job. 因为被老板责备了，他决定换工作。 (3)作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。 Using your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. ＝If you use your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. 动动脑筋，你很可能找到一个好的方法来克服困难。 Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果被种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 (4)作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。 He walked down the river，thinking about the current problems. ＝He walked down the river and thought about the current problems. 他沿着河流一边走，一边考虑着当前的问题。 The organiser entered the hall，(and he was) followed by a group of volunteers. 组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。 (5)作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。 Liking the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. ＝Although/Though/While I like the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. 虽然我非常喜欢这辆车，但是我没有足够的钱买它。 Offered (＝Although/Though/While he was offered) such a nice job，Tom didn’t feel contented at all. 虽然被提供了那么好的工作，但汤姆一点儿也不感到满足。 语法拓展： 1．动词-ing形式作结果状语，是表示随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，前面有时候可以加thus。不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。试比较： The glass fell off the table，breaking into pieces. 杯子从桌子上掉下来，摔成了碎片。 I hurried to the playground，only to find that the bricks had been removed. 我匆忙赶到操场，却发现那些砖已经被搬走了。 2．having done作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well. 因为在北京住了很多年，他对这座城市很熟悉。 注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果它们有自己的独立主语，则要用独立主格结构：当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。 Carrying a large and heavy box，she tripped on a step and fell.(√) Carrying a large and heavy box，her foot tripped on a step and fell.(×) Time permitting，we can complete the project. 如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语Time与 permit之间存在主谓关系，独立主格结构作条件状语) All the work done，they decided to treat themselves to a movie. 所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语All the work与do之间存在动宾关系，独立主格结构作原因或时间状语) 二、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语多表示主动或正在进行，也可指事物的用途，与它所修饰的词往往构成逻辑上的主动关系；动词-ed形式作定语多表示被动或完成，与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系。单个的动词-ing形式或-ed形式作定语往往前置，动词-ing或-ed短语往往后置。 The young man working in that institute is my brother.(主动) 那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.(用途) 阅览室里不准大声说话。 China is a developing country，where most people are leading a contented life.(进行) 中国是一个发展中国家，这里的大部分人都过着满意的生活。 The retired man is very interested in recycling these materials.(完成) 那个退休的人对回收利用这些材料非常感兴趣。 Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(被动) 昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？ The injured were not bothered to walk in the yard；they preferred to lie in bed.(被动) 这些伤者懒得在院子里散步，他们更愿意躺在床上。 语法拓展： 1．不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如： a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一名退休工人 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶 a developed country＝a country which has developed一个发达国家 2．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 　　　意义 形式　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is a new institute for that university. 去年建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building being built now is a new institute for that university. 现在正在建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building to be built next month is a new institute for that university. 下个月将要建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 三、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语时，动词-ing形式表示正在进行的主动意义，动词-ed形式则表示已经完成的被动意义。 -ing形式 表示主动，动作正在进行，宾语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的执行者。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 -ed形式 表示被动，动作已完成，宾语是动词-ed形式所表示动作的承受者。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 具体用法如下： 1．位于感官动词，如see，hear，feel，watch，find，notice等后。 We saw the smog filling the whole city in that winter. 那个冬天，我们看到雾霾笼罩了整座城市。 When I found him struggling for a chance to go abroad，I felt a little surprised. 当我发现他为了一个出国机会在奋斗时，我有点惊讶。 I opened the magazine，only to find the advertisement cut out. 我打开杂志，却发现那则广告被剪掉了。 When she heard her husband affected by a deadly disease，she was worried about him. 当她听说丈夫感染了致命疾病时，她非常担心他。 2．位于使役动词，如make，have，get，keep，leave等后。 The young conductor was a little shy，so it was hard to get him talking. 这位年轻的指挥有些害羞，让他开口讲话是很难的。 He rushed out of the house，leaving his little son crying. 他冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。 The clock doesn’t work，so you’d better have its battery changed. 那个钟停摆了，你最好把电池换掉。 She still couldn’t make herself understood in English. 她仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。 3．用于with复合结构中。 With so many people looking at her，the young performer felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。 With all the problems settled，he felt relieved. 所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。 注意：make后的宾语补足语一般不用现在分词表主动，而只用过去分词表被动。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。 四、动词-ing形式和-ed形式作表语 1．作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 The news that so many accidents occurred last week was worrying. 上周发生了那么多事故，这消息令人担忧。 My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall. 我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。 2．动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。 (1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。 When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there. 当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。 When they arrived in that region，they found that they were lost. 他们到达那个地区时发现自己迷路了。 (2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往具备形容词的性质。 We were amazed at the story of that man with strong determination. 我们对那位具有坚定决心的人的故事感到大为惊奇。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Frightened(frighten) by the fierce dog，the little girl began to cry. 2．It was so cold that he found it hard to get the old car running(run)． 3．The boy felt more uneasy with the whole class staring(stare) at him. 4．The organiser stood there，surrounded(surround) by a group of students. 5．The retired(retire) teacher makes a proposal to protect the environment. 6．What made the composer sad was that he had his bike stolen(steal) last night. 7．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars. 8．As we all know，China is a developing country belonging(belong) to the third world. 9．The old man，having worked(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. 10．Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. Ⅱ.单句写作 1．太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着，发出光和热。 The sun shines brightly in the sky，giving off light and heat. 2．因为专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜晚临近了。 Absorbed/Involved in painting，John didn’t notice evening drawing near. 3．刚才被警察问询的那个人对这场打斗进行了不同的描述。 The man questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 4. 汤姆对学习失去了信心；我发现他总是上网。 Tom loses confidence in study；I find him always surfing the Internet. Ⅲ.完成下面语段，尽可能多地使用现在分词和过去分词 一场基于中国传统文化的英语演讲比赛定于下周在我校举行。比赛如此令人兴奋以至于我已经报名并且完成了以中国茶为中心的演讲草稿。然而，我有点担心，因为我不是很确定我是否已经让别人理解我的意思。您能抽些时间把我的草稿看一看并将它修改、润色一下吗？细节在附件中。 An English speech contest 1.based on traditional Chinese culture is scheduled to be held in our school next week.It is 2.so exciting that I have signed up and finished a speech draft 3.centered/centering on Chinese tea.However，I am 4.a little worried，for I am not quite sure whether I have 5.made myself understood.Would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through my draft and 6.have it corrected and polished? The details are in the attachment. 　　　　训练2　Lesson 1　[分值：70分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Don’t leave the light burning(burn) when you go out. 2．He soon found a huge bear，shot at it but only wounded it. 3．The test will involve answering(answer) questions about a photograph. 4．If I had seen the traffic signals，I wouldn’t have run(not run) the red lights. 5．Drivers using mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved in a crash. 6．They couldn’t be bothered to play(play) with such a little child like me at the time. 7．We firmly(firm) support the plan to protect the environment，for the earth is our home. 8．The fact that we like and respect each other is a good foundation(found) for cooperation. 9．Every June，bands from all around the world come to the small town to celebrate the festival. 10.An institute is an organization set up to do a particular type of work，especially research or teaching. Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——如何过绿色生活)(共15分) 1．面对严重的环境问题，我们必须关注它们并找到解决办法。(-ed作状语) Faced with serious environmental problems，we must pay attention to them and find solutions. 2．不要在刷牙时让水龙头开着，或者让灯亮着就离开家。(leave＋宾语＋宾补) Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on. 3．我们最好骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具去上学，而不是开车，这样将减少空气污染，缓解交通堵塞。(-ing作状语) We’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams. 4．是我们立即采取行动的时候了。(take action) It’s high time that we took immediate action/should take immediate action. 5．如果每个人都为这个星球尽自己的一份力量，那么它将是一个更加绿色的地方。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If everyone did his part for the planet，it would be a greener place. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 How to Live a Green Life Today，faced with serious environmental problems，we must pay attention to them and find solutions.As students，there are plenty of things we can do to live a green life. Above all，it’s important to quit our bad living habits.For example，don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or leave the house with the lights still on.What’s more，we’d better cycle or use public transport to school instead of taking a car，thus reducing air pollution and relieving traffic jams.Finally，get rid of plastic bags.Instead，bring your own bags or baskets.It’s also a good idea to avoid the use of disposable chopsticks or cups when eating out. All in all，it’s high time that we took immediate action/should take immediate action.Only when we live a green life can we make a difference to saving our planet.If everyone did his part for the planet，it would be a greener place. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) Sam Trull has worked with wildlife for almost 20 years，but she first found her soft spot for sloths(树懒) in 2013 after moving to Costa Rica to work for a small wildlife recovery center called Kids Saving the Rainforest.On arriving there，she took a liking to a two-week-old orphaned(孤儿的) sloth named Kermie.Sloths hug each other for both safety and comfort，so Trull cared for him with tender love，meals，and hugs.Soon other baby sloths were brought in.It was then that she realized that helping the creatures survive was her true calling. When the sloths were grown and healthy enough to depart，Trull and her team built a 19-foot-cubed cage near the recovery center and left the door open，so the four-legged friends could come and go freely.They spent enough time eating and exploring in the wild so that they could abandon the cage for good.Trull performed it successfully with several sloths who are now living healthily in the jungle.Their movements are tracked thanks to the collars they wear. Keeping sloths wild and free is a complicated and expensive process.To make it more effective，Trull co-founded the Sloth Institute in 2014.In addition to the education program and the research into sloths，the institute also cooperates with other institutes to better learn how to prepare orphaned sloths brought to the institute for eventual re-entry into the rainforest.The institute is now going smoothly. Trull published her new book called Slothlove，where she documented the sloths she had saved via photographs.She explained，“A lot of people don’t know getting hit by cars and getting caught in electric wires are particularly dangerous to sloths.People just think they’re adorable and take selfies with them，unaware that the sloth is stressed and upset.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了野生动物保护主义者萨姆·特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加致力于树懒保护工作的感人事迹。 1．What can we learn about Trull shortly after she got to Costa Rica? A．She helped kids to recover. B．She cared for sloths for comfort. C．She was at a loss how to cure Kermie. D．She decided to work with sloths forever. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加不久，就意识到她的使命是帮助树懒存活下去，即决定要永远从事帮助树懒的工作。故选D。 2．Why did Trull and her team build the cage for the sloths? A．To limit their movements. B．To make them recover quickly. C．To train them to adapt to the wild. D．To reunite them with their mothers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，当树懒长大并健康到可以离开时，他们建造笼子，并且让门开着，这样树懒们就可以来去自由了。它们花了足够的时间在野外进食和探索，这样一来它们就可以永远不再需要笼子。因此，他们打造这个笼子是为了训练树懒适应野外生活。故选C。 3．What can be inferred about the Sloth Institute? A．It is now open to tourists. B．It will mainly educate the public. C．It will let go more hand-raised sloths. D．It is largely sponsored by other institutes. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，除了教育计划和树懒研究以外，该研究所还与其他研究所合作，以便更好地了解如何为来到研究所的孤儿树懒做好准备，让它们最终能重返雨林。所以树懒研究所会放生更多亲手抚养的树懒。故选C。 4．Why does the author mention Trull’s words in the last paragraph? A．To stress her talent for photography. B．To describe people’s love for sloths. C．To introduce the popularity of her book. D．To tell the reason for publishing her book. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。文章末尾，特鲁尔说：“许多人不知道，对树懒来说，被汽车撞到和被电线困住尤为危险。人们只是觉得它们很可爱，然后和它们自拍，却没有意识到树懒所承受的压力和不安。”这与出版《树懒之爱》构成因果关系，即作者引用特鲁尔的话是为了解释出版这本书的理由。故选D。 Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) I went on a bird-watching hike in the South American rainforest to see some rare birds.Our guide，Carlos， 1 us through the thick trees and plants until we reached a 2 where we could spot the birds we were looking for.We waited 3 ，hoping to catch a glimpse of the rare creatures. 4 ，Carlos gave us a signal and pointed to a 5 nearby.We could hardly see anything，but Carlos had 6 one of the rare birds we were searching for. Carlos set up his telescope and adjusted the lens(镜头) until we could see the bird 7 .We watched in awe(惊叹) as the bird flew from branch to branch，seemingly 8 by our presence.It was a beautiful sight to 9 .After a few minutes，the bird 10 ，and we continued our hike，excited by the 11 . Bird-watching in the rainforest was a 12 and patience-testing activity，but it was worth it for the unique and unforgettable experience.It was unbelievable to see the 13 of bird species in the jungle and appreciate their beauty up close.Carlos was an excellent guide who shared his knowledge and 14 for the environment with us.I would recommend this activity to anyone who loves nature and wants to 15 the wonders of the rainforest. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者前往热带雨林，在导游的带领下，目睹了雨林中的稀有鸟类的经历。 1．A.led B．helped C．pulled D．drove 答案　A 解析　lead带领；help帮助；pull拉；drive驱使。根据上文“Our guide，Carlos”可知，Carlos是导游，由此推断，Carlos带领作者他们穿过茂密的树木和植物。故选A。 2．A.trap B．clearing C．source D．farm 答案　B 解析　trap陷阱；clearing林中空地；source来源；farm农场。根据上文“I went on a bird-watching hike in the South American rainforest to see some rare birds.”可知，作者是去雨林观鸟，所以导游是带领他们来到了可以观鸟的林中空地。故选B。 3．A.in despair B．in silence C．with pride D．with relief 答案　B 解析　in despair绝望地；in silence安静地；with pride自豪地；with relief放松地。根据上文“I went on a bird-watching hike in the South American rainforest to see some rare birds.”可知，作者是去观鸟的，所以应该是静静地等待。故选B。 4．A.Confusingly B．Curiously C．Undoubtedly D．Suddenly 答案　D 解析　confusingly令人困惑地；curiously好奇地；undoubtedly毫无疑问地；suddenly突然。根据上文可知，作者是在等待着观鸟，而下文“Carlos gave us a signal and pointed to a nearby”则讲的是Carlos给了作者他们一个信号，所以是突然给了一个信号。故选D。 5．A.rock B．cave C．tree D．stream 答案　C 解析　rock岩石；cave山洞；tree树；stream溪流。根据下文“We watched in awe(惊叹) as the bird flew from branch to branch”可知，鸟是在树枝上飞来飞去，所以此处是Carlos指着附近的一棵树。故选C。 6．A.spotted B．attacked C．caught D．saved 答案　A 解析　spot发现；attack袭击；catch抓住；save挽救。根据下文“Carlos set up his telescope and adjusted the lens(镜头) until we could see the bird”可知，导游Carlos已经发现了鸟。故选A。 7．A.regularly B．personally C．clearly D．briefly 答案　C 解析　regularly定期地；personally私人地；clearly清晰地；briefly简短地。根据上文“Carlos set up his telescope and adjusted the lens(镜头)”可知，Carlos架起望远镜，调整镜头，根据常理推测，Carlos这样做是为了让我们能够清楚地看到那只鸟。故选C。 8．A.amazed B．frightened C．unaffected D．unhurt 答案　C 解析　amazed惊叹的；frightened害怕的；unaffected不受影响的；unhurt没有受伤的。根据上文“We watched in awe(惊叹) as the bird flew from branch to branch”可知，作者他们能看到鸟在树枝间飞来飞去，所以鸟并没有受到影响。故选C。 9．A.take in B．hunt for C．stir up D．refer to 答案　A 解析　take in观看，看到；hunt for搜寻；stir up激起；refer to提及，参考。根据上文“We watched in awe(惊叹) as the bird flew from branch to branch”可知，这是作者他们看到的美丽景色。故选A。 10．A.tripped over B．showed up C．turned back D．flew away 答案　D 解析　trip over绊倒；show up出现；turn back往回走；fly away飞走。根据下文“we continued our hike”可知，作者他们继续徒步旅行，由此判断，此处指鸟飞走了。故选D。 11．A.attempt B．performance C．impact D．experience 答案　D 解析　attempt试图；performance表演；impact影响；experience经历，经验。根据下文“but it was worth it for the unique and unforgettable experience”可知，作者他们虽然继续徒步，心中却还是对这次经历感到兴奋。故选D。 12．A.striking B．challenging C．worthwhile D．beneficial 答案　B 解析　striking显著的；challenging具有挑战性的；worthwhile值得的；beneficial有益的。根据空后的“patience-testing”可知，观鸟需要耐心，再根据上文可知，观鸟是具有挑战性的。故选B。 13．A.diversity B．mystery C．mission D．origin 答案　A 解析　diversity多样性；mystery神秘；mission任务；origin起源。根据上文内容可知，作者特意来雨林观鸟，并看到了罕见的鸟类，所以此处指的是作者看到了鸟类的多样性。故选A。 14．A.patience B．energy C．passion D．intention 答案　C 解析　patience耐心；energy能量；passion酷爱；intention目的。根据上文可知，Carlos非常擅长寻找鸟，所以他对于环境是很热爱的。故选C。 15．A.show B．promote C．create D．witness 答案　D 解析　show展示；promote促销；create创造；witness目睹，见证。根据上文可知，作者是亲自前往雨林观鸟，所以对作者而言，是见证了热带雨林奇观。这里指作者想把这种活动推荐给想要去目睹雨林奇观的人。故选D。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world.A study 1._____________(conduct) by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily.The wide spread of social media has 2. (absolute) changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives. It has changed relationships.High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face 3. (communicate)．“It makes in-person relationships harder because people’s attention is given to their phones instead 4. their friends，” Cooper said. Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier 5. (start) relationships with anyone from anywhere.Beth Kaplan from Illinois 6. (meet) her long-distance friend through social media last November.He currently lives in Scotland，but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone to 7. I’m talking via social media，” Kaplan said. Besides，the rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see 8.______________________(they)．The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop 9. (think) about appearing perfect online. However，Armin Korsos,10. student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site. 1．答案　conducted 解析　考查过去分词。设空处作定语修饰名词 study，和名词之间是逻辑被动关系，conduct应用过去分词形式，故填 conducted。 2．答案　absolutely 解析　考查副词。设空处修饰动词 changed，应用副词 absolutely 作状语，故填 absolutely。 3．答案　communication 解析　考查名词。设空处为reduces的宾语，应用名词 communication，表示“交流”，不可数，故填 communication。 4．答案　of 解析　考查介词。短语 instead of意为“代替，而不是”，符合句意，故填 of。 5．答案　to start 解析　考查不定式。此处为“make＋it＋adj.＋to do”结构，it 为形式宾语，后面应用不定式作真正宾语，故填 to start。 6．答案　met 解析　考查时态。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语 last November可知，应为一般过去时，故填 met。 7．答案　whom 解析　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词someone指人，关系词替代先行词作介词to的宾语，用关系代词whom，故填 whom。 8．答案　themselves 解析　考查反身代词。设空处指代青少年他们自己，应用反身代词作宾语，故填 themselves。 9．答案　thinking 解析　考查动名词。stop doing sth意为“停止正在做的事”，符合句意，故填 thinking。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。设空处修饰名词 student，表泛指，应用不定冠词，并且 student 发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填 a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$