内容正文:
Unit 8
Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots
Grammar
新 课 导 入
(1) Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth…
(2) Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future?
(3) One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you.
(4) a scientist who’s the world’s best-known expert on wild chimpanzees...
阅读下面句子,体会下列划线单词。
Do you know the functions of the verb-ing and -ed forms?
课 堂 学 习
Grammar
分词是非谓语动词的一种
在句中起形容词和副词的作用
可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等
分词有两种:现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)
分词
现在分词&过去分词
分词 语义 例句
现在分词 主动、 进行 developing country 发展中国家
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
过去分词 被动、 完成 developed country 发达国家
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
分词的句法功能(一) 作表语 (predicative)
分词 例句 解读
现在分词 1. His favorite sport is playing basketball.
2. The film is exciting. 1. 指一般性、经常性的动作;
2. 表示主语所具有的特征或
属性,意为“令人……的”。
过去分词 He was excited at the news. 常表示主语的性质或状态,意为“感到……的”。
分词的句法功能(二) 作定语 (attributive)
分词 例句 解读
现在分词 The young man sitting between John and Mary is an editor. 被修饰词the young man与分词sitting为逻辑上的主动关系,sit动作正在进行。
过去分词 The problem discussed yesterday has been solved. 被修饰词the problem与分词discussed为逻辑上的被动关系,discuss动作已经完成。
【注意】
1. 过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和完成或者只表示完成,如fallen leaves(落叶)。
2. 分词作定语常常相当于一个定语从句。
如:
Those wishing to join this club should sign here.
= Those who wish to join the club should sign here.
The man, disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
=The man, who was disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
分词的句法功能(三) 作宾语补足语
(object complement)
分词 用法 例句 解读
现在分词 常跟分词作宾补的动词有感官动词和使役动词,以及其他如keep, find, leave等。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 被修饰词them与分词singing为逻辑上的主动关系。
过去分词 I will get my hair cut this afternoon. 被修饰词my hair与分词cut为逻辑上的被动关系。
分词的句法功能(四) 作状语 (adverbial)
分词 例句 解读
现在分词 Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 分词seeing与主语we为逻辑上的主动关系。
过去分词 Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 分词seen与主语th