Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Lesson 3(课件PPT+Word教案)-【步步高】2024-2025学年高一英语必修第二册教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅳ Lesson 3 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 4 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 Part 4　语法项目精讲 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the whole text? A.Online communication makes people’s life easier. B.The Internet has both good and bad effects on friendships. C.People have an objective attitude towards the Internet. D.Communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to 　concentrate. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构   The Internet Harms Friendships The Internet Helps Friendships Reasons ·Talking online cannot 1.______ real contact. ·The Internet can make people 2. . ·Going online can be 3. . ·It’s 5. for people to communicate with each other on the Internet. ·It’s 6. communicating on the Internet. ·People have a 7. relationship via online communication. replace self-centred dangerous more convenient more fun closer   The Internet Harms Friendships The Internet Helps Friendships The author’s opinion Friends should 4._________ face-to-face communication. The Internet is 8.___________ to people in many aspects. focus on beneficial Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What enables us to develop lifelong friendships? A.Talking online. B.Communicating through a screen. C.Advice from some parenting experts. D.Social skills developed through direct contact. √ 2.Which of the following is the basis of friendship according to Robert? A.Honesty. B.Trust. C.One’s personality. D.One’s ability. √ 3.Why are photos，videos，new stories and websites mentioned in Cathy’s post? A.To prove that online communication is more fun. B.To prove that online communication is very convenient. C.To prove that online communication can make people closer. D.To prove that online communication can provide useful suggestions. √ 4.What does Cathy think of the Internet? A.The Internet limits people’s creativity. B.The Internet does harm to one’s health. C.The Internet can help develop friendship. D.The Internet makes people self-focused. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 There are two blog posts about two different attitudes towards the Internet and friendships.One is from Robert，who holds 1. view that while the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also be 2. (harm) to friendships.Because 3. (talk) online can’t replace face-to-face contact，through 4. important social skills are developed.Also he thinks that the Internet can make people think of only 5. (they).In addition，a lot of content 6. (post) on social media is shallow or trivial.Last，online relationships may not be what they appear to be.The people you are chatting to may be dishonest about who they are. the harmful talking which themselves posted So it is particularly dangerous for those who 7. (influence) easily or too trusting.However，the post from Cathy doesn’t subscribe 8.____ his opinion.As far as she is 9. (concern)，the Internet makes communication much more convenient and fun.Besides，online communication can actually bring people closer to each other.Whenever someone needs help，friends can immediately provide useful 10.________________(recommend) or information. 返 回 are influenced to concerned recommendations 难句分析 长句 13 1.As we know，important social skills are developed direct contact with other people.(P15 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句，as引导 从句，意为“______ _____”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 众所周知，重要的社交技能是通过直接与他人接触培养的。 through 复合 非限制性定语 正如， 正像 2.It is these skills that enable us (develop) lifelong friendships. (P15 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句，其结构为“ ”，此句的被强调部分为 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 to develop 强调 it is＋被强调部分＋that... 主语these skills 3.Friendships are built on the (base) of trust，and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting are being honest about who they are.(P15 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句，其中and连接两个并列分句。在后一个分句中，that引导 从句，who引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 友谊建立在信任的基础上，通过线上交流，你永远不能百分之百地确信与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。 basis to 并列复合 宾语 宾语 4.Because of this，going online can be (particular) dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.(P15 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句，who引导 从句，修饰 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 因此，对于那些容易受影响或过于信任他人的人来说，上网尤其危险。 particularly 复合 定语 people 5.You can stay in touch friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.(P16 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句。其中no matter where/what引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 无论你在哪里，又或者在做什么，都可以和朋友们保持联系。 with 复合 让步状语 6.Using a smartphone，a tablet or a computer，you can be contact at home and also when you are on the move.(P16 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句。Using a smartphone...为分词作 语，when引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 通过使用智能手机、平板电脑或电脑，无论你在家里还是在外面都能与他人联络。 in 复合 状 时间状语 7.To me，this is a very thought-provoking (argue)，as it points out the benefits of online friendships.(P16 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为 句。as引导 从句，意为“ ”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ 对我来说，这非常发人深省，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。 argument 复合 原因状语 因为 8.Finally，I believe the Internet brings people (close) together and makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting.(P16 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为 句。believe后面为省略从属连词that的 从句，其中makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting为“ ”结构。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 最后，我相信互联网能使人们更紧密地联系在一起，让与朋友的交流更加方便和有趣。 返 回 closer 复合 宾语 make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 知识学习 语言 22 1 • do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 • be harmful to对……有害 (1)While the sun’s rays can be (harm) to our skin，they also give us beneficial vitamin D. (2)You should at least give him a chance.After all，there is no harm in __________(listen) to his opinion. harm n.& vt.伤害，损害(harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的harmless adj.无害的) harmful listening (3)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)此外，整天盯着屏幕会伤害我们的眼睛。 In addition，staring at the screen all day long ________________ ________________. 写作佳句 is harmful to/does harm to our eyes 2 n.论点；论据；争论；争辩(argue v.争论；劝说；主张) argument • beyond argument无可争辩 • argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 (1)In addition，it is argument that they can study anywhere at any time，as there are varieties of resources. (2)At present，one of the (argument) in favour of the new airport is that it will be beneficial to the people around. (3)They are arguing their classmates the solution to the problem. beyond arguments with about/over (4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。 To my great joy，I finally ________________________________ ，which was viewed as a rewarding activity. 写作佳句 argued David into taking part in the cross-country run • replace A with/by B　用B替代A • take the place of＝take one’s place代替；替代 in place of代替 (1)More and more families replace bicycles private cars，which，in turn，results in air pollution. (2)You can use an avatar place of the real image of yourself in online communication. 3 vt.取代；代替；接替[replacement n.替换的人(物)] replace with/by in (3)毫无疑问，没有什么能取代母亲的爱和关怀。 There is no doubt that ____________________________________ ____________________. 写作佳句 nothing can replace/take the place of mother’s love and care 4 adj.有益的；有意义的(reward vt.奖励；酬谢n.报酬；奖励) rewarding • reward sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb with sth用某物奖赏/回报某人 • in reward for为奖赏……；为报答…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 (1)I hugged him tightly，whispering，“You will be rewarded your generosity in the future.” (2)Through the (reward) experience，apart from the service hours，I was rewarded something more valuable：Every small action of kindness makes an impact. for rewarding with (3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨帮助。 I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing _____________ _______________________________. 写作佳句 in reward for /as a reward for your generous help • be content with＝be satisfied with对……满意；满足 be content to do sth乐于做某事 • with content 满意地 (1)Those who are content their present situations will surely make no big difference in life. (2)My parents are content (live) in the countryside，where the air is clean and fresh. 5 n.内容 adj.满意的，满足的 content with to live (3)(读后续写之高兴情绪描写)我的老师立刻咯咯笑了起来，脸上洋溢着满足的微笑。他很满足地对我说：“我对你在写作比赛中的表现很满意。” Giggling instantly with spreading on his face, my teacher said to me ，“I _______________________ your performance in the writing contest.” 写作佳句 a content smile with content am/feel quite content with • on the basis of在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 • base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) (1)It is essential that opinions should be expressed on the (base) of fact. (2)Based true stories，the movie has an impact on the audience. (3) speaking，education is about teaching learning skills rather than knowledge.(base) 6 n.基准，准则；基础；基点(base n.根基；底座；基地；基础vt.以……为根据basic adj.基础的 basically adv.基本上；总的来说) basis basis on Basically basic (4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想学好英语，你应该每天都读英语。 If you want to learn English well，__________________________ __________. 写作佳句 you should read English on a daily basis • focus (...) on/upon...(把……)集中于…… • the focus of...……的焦点/中心 (1)Getting addicted to the virtual world makes it hard for him to focus _________ the other things in real life. 7 vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n.焦点 focus on/upon (2)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了那些观看这条网上视频的人关注的焦点。 Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp，I ___________ __________________ of those who viewed the video posted online. (3)(读后续写之动作描写)那么多眼睛盯着我，我的脸涨得通红，开始结结巴巴地进行我的演讲。 With so many eyes ，I blushed and began to stumble over my speech. 写作佳句 became the focus of the attention focused on/upon me According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.(P15 Para.2) 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 结构分析：此句为简单句。communicating through a screen为动名词短语作主语；本句应用了make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do sth结构，其中it是形式宾语，more difficult是宾语补足语，真正的宾语是后边的不定式to concentrate...to others。 8 make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do sth 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语前。常用的动词有make，think，believe，find，consider，feel等。 (1)你最好把每天练习说英语当作一种惯例。 You had better . (2)我到了那儿以后，我发现跟新同事相处很容易。 When I settled there， . (3)我从5岁起就开始学习英语，这让我可以方便地与他人交流。 I have been learning English since I was 5，__________________________ ____________________________________. make it a rule to practice speaking English every day I found it easy to get along with my new workmates which makes it possible for me to communicate with others conveniently 返 回 项目精讲 语法 41 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成其后的练习。 The Internet makes it easier for people to communicate with each other.Using a smartphone，people can talk online，browse the websites，and develop lifelong friendships online.However，many people think that talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact，and the Internet may make teenagers self-centred.The best way to maintain healthy relationships is to have face-to-face communication. 语境感悟 语段中的加颜色单词由 单词组合而成。这类词被称作________。合成词可以是名词，如_________________________________ ____________。也可以是其他词性，如_____________________________ 是合成形容词， 在文中是合成副词。 两个或两个以上 合成词 smartphone，websites，friendships， relationships lifelong，face-to-face，self- centred online 语法精讲 合成词 由两个或两个以上的单词组合而成的词叫合成词或复合词。高中英语中的合成词非常多，主要包括合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词等。 1.合成名词 构成方法 示例 名词＋名词 friendship友谊　bookstore书店　baby-sitter临时保姆 形容词＋名词 greenhouse温室　gentleman 绅士 动词-ing形式＋名词 dining room餐厅　driving license驾照　sleeping bag睡袋 名词＋动词-ing形式 air-conditioning空调　handwriting书法 动词＋名词 pickpocket扒手　driveway私人车道　typewriter打字机 构成方法 示例 名词＋动词 waterfall瀑布　sunset日落 副词＋动词 outbreak爆发　downfall垮台　income收入 动词＋副词 breakthrough突破　check-up检查 其他形式 well-being安康　editor-in-chief主编　touch-me-not凤仙花　good-for-nothing无用的人　go-between中间人　mother-in-law岳母；婆婆 2.合成形容词 构成方法 示例 形容词＋过去分词或带-ed后缀的词 absent-minded心不在焉的　broken-hearted 心碎的　cold-blooded冷血的　good-tempered脾气好的　middle-aged中年的　short-sighted近视的 其他词＋动词 -ing形式 easy-going随和的　hard-working勤奋的　well-meaning好心的　long-standing悠久的 形容词＋名词/名词＋形容词 deep-sea深海的　late-night深夜的　second-hand二手的　ice-cold冰冷的　duty-free免税的 包含副词的合成形容词 broken-down状况很差的　outdoor户外的　off-peak非高峰时期的　all-round全面的 3.合成动词 构成方法 示例 名词＋动词 babysit代人临时照看孩子　sleepwalk梦游　tape-record用磁带录制　spoon-feed用勺子喂 副词＋动词 overcharge超额收费　undergo经历　uplift抬起；振奋 形容词＋动词 safeguard保护　ill-treat虐待 其他形式 blow-dry吹干　deep-fry油炸　stir-fry翻炒 4.合成代词 构成方法 示例 反身代词 myself我自己　yourself你自己　himself他自己　herself她自己　itself它自己　yourselves你们自己　ourselves我们自己　themselves他们自己 不定代词 anyone/anybody任何人　everyone/everybody每个人　nobody没有人　something某事　anything任何事　everything所有事　nothing无事 Ⅰ.选词填空 达标检测 grown-up，man-made，newly-born，passer-by，warm-hearted，freezing-cold 1.The water in the river is ，so you’d better not swim in it. 2.My neighbors are and they are always ready to help people in trouble. 3.It isn’t only children that like jokes； are also fond of them. 4.My sister asked me to think of a name for her lovely baby. freezing-cold warm-hearted grown-ups newly-born grown-up，man-made，newly-born，passer-by，warm-hearted，freezing-cold 5.Many countries have set up satellites to circle the earth. 6.Some lent me a hand when they saw me fall down. man-made passers-by Ⅱ.完成句子 1.令我们非常高兴的是，他们帮我们制定了一个长远的计划。 To our great delight，they helped us to map out . 2.最后，当他走到十字路口时，他站在那里，想知道该选哪条路。 Finally when he ，he stood there，wondering which way to choose. 3.我不知道计算机硬件和计算机软件之间的区别。 I have no idea of the difference _________________________________________ _________. 4.湖中，一只雪白的天鹅飞快地游着去追赶一条慢慢游动的蛇。 swiftly to catch a in a lake. a long-term plan reached a crossroads between computer hardware and computer software A snow-white swan swam slowly-swimming snake Ⅲ.根据提示写出正确的合成词 The 1. (中年的) man who is 2. (勤劳的) often works far into the night.To realize his 3. (一生的) dream，he and his team have decided to have another 4. (温室) in this town.While they know the development does not take place 5.__________ (一夜之间)，they are confident that they can 6. (克服) difficulties and achieve success in the end. 返 回 middle-aged hard-working lifelong greenhouse overnight overcome $$ Section Ⅳ　Lesson 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the whole text? A．Online communication makes people’s life easier. B．The Internet has both good and bad effects on friendships. C．People have an objective attitude towards the Internet. D．Communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 The Internet Harms Friendships The Internet Helps Friendships Reasons ·Talking online cannot 1.replace real contact. ·The Internet can make people 2.self-centred. ·Going online can be 3.dangerous. ·It’s 5.more convenient for people to communicate with each other on the Internet. ·It’s 6.more fun communicating on the Internet. ·People have a 7.closer relationship via online communication. The author’s opinion Friends should 4.focus on face-to-face communication. The Internet is 8.beneficial to people in many aspects. Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What enables us to develop lifelong friendships? A．Talking online. B．Communicating through a screen. C．Advice from some parenting experts. D．Social skills developed through direct contact. 答案　D 2．Which of the following is the basis of friendship according to Robert? A．Honesty. B．Trust. C．One’s personality. D．One’s ability. 答案　B 3．Why are photos，videos，new stories and websites mentioned in Cathy’s post? A．To prove that online communication is more fun. B．To prove that online communication is very convenient. C．To prove that online communication can make people closer. D．To prove that online communication can provide useful suggestions. 答案　A 4．What does Cathy think of the Internet? A．The Internet limits people’s creativity. B．The Internet does harm to one’s health. C．The Internet can help develop friendship. D．The Internet makes people self-focused. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 There are two blog posts about two different attitudes towards the Internet and friendships.One is from Robert，who holds 1.the view that while the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also be 2.harmful(harm) to friendships.Because 3.talking(talk) online can’t replace face-to-face contact，through 4.which important social skills are developed.Also he thinks that the Internet can make people think of only 5.themselves(they)．In addition，a lot of content 6.posted(post) on social media is shallow or trivial.Last，online relationships may not be what they appear to be.The people you are chatting to may be dishonest about who they are.So it is particularly dangerous for those who 7.are influenced(influence) easily or too trusting.However，the post from Cathy doesn’t subscribe 8.to his opinion.As far as she is 9.concerned(concern)，the Internet makes communication much more convenient and fun.Besides，online communication can actually bring people closer to each other.Whenever someone needs help，friends can immediately provide useful 10.recommendations(recommend) or information. 1．As we know，important social skills are developed through direct contact with other people.(P15 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为复合句，as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。 汉语翻译：众所周知，重要的社交技能是通过直接与他人接触培养的。 2．It is these skills that enable us to develop(develop) lifelong friendships.(P15 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为强调句，其结构为“it is＋被强调部分＋that...”，此句的被强调部分为主语these skills。 汉语翻译：正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 3．Friendships are built on the basis(base) of trust，and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are.(P15 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为并列复合句，其中and连接两个并列分句。在后一个分句中，that引导宾语从句，who引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：友谊建立在信任的基础上，通过线上交流，你永远不能百分之百地确信与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。 4．Because of this，going online can be particularly(particular) dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.(P15 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句，who引导定语从句，修饰people。 汉语翻译：因此，对于那些容易受影响或过于信任他人的人来说，上网尤其危险。 5．You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.(P16 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为复合句。其中no matter where/what引导让步状语从句。 汉语翻译：无论你在哪里，又或者在做什么，都可以和朋友们保持联系。 6．Using a smartphone，a tablet or a computer，you can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move.(P16 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为复合句。Using a smartphone...为分词作状语，when引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：通过使用智能手机、平板电脑或电脑，无论你在家里还是在外面都能与他人联络。 7．To me，this is a very thought-provoking argument(argue)，as it points out the benefits of online friendships.(P16 Para.4) 结构分析：此句为复合句。as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。 汉语翻译：对我来说，这非常发人深省，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。 8．Finally，I believe the Internet brings people closer(close) together and makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting.(P16 Para.5) 结构分析：此句为复合句。believe后面为省略从属连词that的宾语从句，其中makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 汉语翻译：最后，我相信互联网能使人们更紧密地联系在一起，让与朋友的交流更加方便和有趣。 harm n．& vt.伤害，损害(harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的harmless adj.无害的) •do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 •be harmful to对……有害 (1)While the sun’s rays can be harmful(harm) to our skin，they also give us beneficial vitamin D. (2)You should at least give him a chance.After all，there is no harm in listening(listen) to his opinion. [写作佳句] (3)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)此外，整天盯着屏幕会伤害我们的眼睛。 In addition，staring at the screen all day long is harmful to/does harm to our eyes. argument n．论点；论据；争论；争辩(argue v．争论；劝说；主张) •beyond argument无可争辩 •argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 (1)In addition，it is beyond argument that they can study anywhere at any time，as there are varieties of resources. (2)At present，one of the arguments(argument) in favour of the new airport is that it will be beneficial to the people around. (3)They are arguing with their classmates about/over the solution to the problem. [写作佳句] (4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。 To my great joy，I finally argued David into taking part in the cross-country run，which was viewed as a rewarding activity. replace vt.取代；代替；接替[replacement n．替换的人(物)] •replace A with/by B　用B替代A •take the place of＝take one’s place代替；替代 in place of代替 (1)More and more families replace bicycles with/by private cars，which，in turn，results in air pollution. (2)You can use an avatar in place of the real image of yourself in online communication. [写作佳句] (3)毫无疑问，没有什么能取代母亲的爱和关怀。 There is no doubt that nothing can replace/take the place of mother’s love and care. rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的(reward vt.奖励；酬谢n.报酬；奖励) •reward sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb with sth用某物奖赏/回报某人 •in reward for为奖赏……；为报答…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 (1)I hugged him tightly，whispering，“You will be rewarded for your generosity in the future.” (2)Through the rewarding(reward) experience，apart from the service hours，I was rewarded with something more valuable：Every small action of kindness makes an impact. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之感谢信)我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨帮助。 I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for/as a reward for your generous help. content n．内容 adj.满意的，满足的 •be content with＝be satisfied with对……满意；满足 be content to do sth乐于做某事 •with content 满意地 (1)Those who are content with their present situations will surely make no big difference in life. (2)My parents are content to live(live) in the countryside，where the air is clean and fresh. [写作佳句] (3)(读后续写之高兴情绪描写)我的老师立刻咯咯笑了起来，脸上洋溢着满足的微笑。他很满足地对我说：“我对你在写作比赛中的表现很满意。” Giggling instantly with a content smile spreading on his face, my teacher said to me with content，“I am/feel quite content with your performance in the writing contest.” basis n．基准，准则；基础；基点(base n．根基；底座；基地；基础vt.以……为根据basic adj.基础的 basically adv.基本上；总的来说) •on the basis of在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 •base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) (1)It is essential that opinions should be expressed on the basis(base) of fact. (2)Based on true stories，the movie has an impact on the audience. (3)Basically speaking，education is about teaching learning skills rather than basic knowledge.(base) [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想学好英语，你应该每天都读英语。 If you want to learn English well，you should read English on a daily basis. focus vi.& vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点 •focus (...) on/upon...(把……)集中于…… •the focus of...……的焦点/中心 (1)Getting addicted to the virtual world makes it hard for him to focus on/upon the other things in real life. [写作佳句] (2)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)头发打结，南瓜肉盖着鼻子，我成了那些观看这条网上视频的人关注的焦点。 Hair in knots and nose covered by pumpkin pulp，I became the focus of the attention of those who viewed the video posted online. (3)(读后续写之动作描写)那么多眼睛盯着我，我的脸涨得通红，开始结结巴巴地进行我的演讲。 With so many eyes focused on/upon me，I blushed and began to stumble over my speech. make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do sth According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.(P15 Para.2) 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 结构分析：此句为简单句。communicating through a screen为动名词短语作主语；本句应用了make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do sth结构，其中it是形式宾语，more difficult是宾语补足语，真正的宾语是后边的不定式to concentrate...to others。 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语前。常用的动词有make，think，believe，find，consider，feel等。 (1)你最好把每天练习说英语当作一种惯例。 You had better make it a rule to practice speaking English every day. (2)我到了那儿以后，我发现跟新同事相处很容易。 When I settled there，I found it easy to get along with my new workmates. (3)我从5岁起就开始学习英语，这让我可以方便地与他人交流。 I have been learning English since I was 5，which makes it possible for me to communicate with others conveniently. 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成其后的练习。 The Internet makes it easier for people to communicate with each other.Using a smartphone，people can talk online，browse the websites，and develop lifelong friendships online.However，many people think that talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact，and the Internet may make teenagers self-centred.The best way to maintain healthy relationships is to have face-to-face communication. 语段中的加黑单词由两个或两个以上单词组合而成。这类词被称作合成词。合成词可以是名词，如smartphone，websites，friendships，relationships。也可以是其他词性，如lifelong，face-to-face，self-centred是合成形容词，online在文中是合成副词。 合成词 由两个或两个以上的单词组合而成的词叫合成词或复合词。高中英语中的合成词非常多，主要包括合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词等。 1．合成名词 构成方法 示例 名词＋名词 friendship友谊　bookstore书店　baby-sitter临时保姆 形容词＋名词 greenhouse温室　gentleman 绅士 动词-ing形式＋名词 dining room餐厅　driving license驾照　sleeping bag睡袋 名词＋动词-ing形式 air-conditioning空调　handwriting书法 动词＋名词 pickpocket扒手　driveway私人车道　typewriter打字机 名词＋动词 waterfall瀑布　sunset日落 副词＋动词 outbreak爆发　downfall垮台　income收入 动词＋副词 breakthrough突破　check-up检查 其他形式 well-being安康　editor-in-chief主编　touch-me-not凤仙花　good-for-nothing无用的人　go-between中间人　mother-in-law岳母；婆婆 2.合成形容词 构成方法 示例 形容词＋过去分词或带-ed后缀的词 absent-minded心不在焉的　broken-hearted 心碎的　cold-blooded冷血的　good-tempered脾气好的　middle-aged中年的　short-sighted近视的 其他词＋动词-ing形式 easy-going随和的　hard-working勤奋的　well-meaning好心的　long-standing悠久的 形容词＋名词/名词＋形容词 deep-sea深海的　late-night深夜的　second-hand二手的　ice-cold冰冷的　duty-free免税的 包含副词的合成形容词 broken-down状况很差的　outdoor户外的　off-peak非高峰时期的　all-round全面的 3.合成动词 构成方法 示例 名词＋动词 babysit代人临时照看孩子　sleepwalk梦游　tape-record用磁带录制　spoon-feed用勺子喂 副词＋动词 overcharge超额收费　undergo经历　uplift抬起；振奋 形容词＋动词 safeguard保护　ill-treat虐待 其他形式 blow-dry吹干　deep-fry油炸　stir-fry翻炒 4.合成代词 构成方法 示例 反身代词 myself我自己　yourself你自己　himself他自己　herself她自己　itself它自己　yourselves你们自己　ourselves我们自己　themselves他们自己 不定代词 anyone/anybody任何人　everyone/everybody每个人　nobody没有人　something某事　anything任何事　everything所有事　nothing无事 Ⅰ.选词填空 1．The water in the river is freezing-cold，so you’d better not swim in it. 2．My neighbors are warm-hearted and they are always ready to help people in trouble. 3．It isn’t only children that like jokes；grown-ups are also fond of them. 4．My sister asked me to think of a name for her lovely newly-born baby. 5．Many countries have set up man-made satellites to circle the earth. 6．Some passers-by lent me a hand when they saw me fall down. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．令我们非常高兴的是，他们帮我们制定了一个长远的计划。 To our great delight，they helped us to map out a long-term plan. 2．最后，当他走到十字路口时，他站在那里，想知道该选哪条路。 Finally when he reached a crossroads，he stood there，wondering which way to choose. 3．我不知道计算机硬件和计算机软件之间的区别。 I have no idea of the difference between computer hardware and computer software. 4．湖中，一只雪白的天鹅飞快地游着去追赶一条慢慢游动的蛇。 A snow-white swan swam swiftly to catch a slowly-swimming snake in a lake. Ⅲ.根据提示写出正确的合成词 The 1.middle-aged(中年的) man who is 2.hard-working(勤劳的) often works far into the night.To realize his 3.lifelong(一生的) dream，he and his team have decided to have another 4.greenhouse(温室) in this town.While they know the development does not take place 5.overnight(一夜之间)，they are confident that they can 6.overcome(克服) difficulties and achieve success in the end. 训练4　Lesson 3　[分值：70分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．I’d like to begin by briefly(brief) introducing the goods we produce. 2．One should be content with what he has and never regret for what he has done. 3．Both the Winter and Summer Olympics are held every four years on a regular basis(base)． 4．The best way to learn(learn) is to keep yourself informed of the latest information. 5．As we all know，important social skills are developed through direct contact with others. 6．While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 7．With his eyes focused(focus) on the blackboard，he didn’t know it began raining outside. 8．Though smartphones are powerful nowadays，we can’t replace computers with/by smartphones entirely. 9．The boy looked out of the window blankly.Obviously，he was not concentrating on his study. 10．Parents are supposed to focus more on developing children’s creative(create) thinking and innovative ability. Ⅱ.单句写作(共15分) 1．网络非常强大，使得人们足不出户就可以购物。(powerful，make it＋adj.＋for sb＋to do...) The network is very powerful，making it possible for people to shop without leaving home. 2．不论你想买什么，按几个按钮你就可以让人送货上门。(no matter what，deliver) No matter what you want to buy，press a few buttons and you can have the goods delivered to your house. 3．有些人支持网购，因为网购更便宜、更方便。(because引导原因状语从句) Some people support online shopping，because it is cheaper and more convenient. 4．而有些人不同意这个观点，他们认为网购不能保证质量。(subscribe to，argument，ensure) Others，however，don’t subscribe to this argument，thinking that shopping online doesn’t ensure quality. 5．在我看来，网络购物不能取代传统的购物。(in one’s opinion，replace) In my opinion，shopping online can’t replace traditional shopping. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 The network is very powerful，making it possible for people to shop without leaving home.No matter what you want to buy，press a few buttons and you can have the goods delivered to your house.Some people support online shopping，because it is cheaper and more convenient.Others，however，don’t subscribe to this argument，thinking that shopping online doesn’t ensure quality.In my opinion，shopping online can’t replace traditional shopping. Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·山东滨州高一期末) Kiley Crisp，a 15-year-old teenager，has Williams syndrome，a rare genetic disorder that causes learning and developmental issues.Despite her outgoing personality，Kiley sometimes struggles to make friends.Last year，however，she met two amazing girls at a summer camp she went to.The girls，who live far away from her，daily contact Kiley.They call her，check in on her using social media，and make her feel deeply loved. Kiley was out to dinner with family to celebrate her turning 15.She was extremely moved to find that her friends drove three hours to celebrate her birthday！On the birthday party，they showed her sincere greetings and offered her beautifully wrapped gifts with heartfelt wishes.In a video posted by her sister Ashley on social media，Kiley is seen moved to tears at how kind her friends were to surprise her on her birthday. In the video，the 15-year-old is seen happily dancing around in a cafe.Then she feels two girls coming towards her.She realizes they are her two good friends.Kiley widens her eyes，unable to believe it，because both had told her that they felt sorry for not being able to come to observe her birthday.Then the two friends are seen comforting Kiley as they offer her hugs and wish her a happy birthday! The video has acquired over 5.2 million views since it was posted，through which Kiley has received a lot of love.And in an update，she expressed her hearty thanks to those who left sweet comments.One of them said，“Really sweet of those girls to support their friend like that.” Another said，“The world would be a much better place if more people were like these girls.They are inspiring role models.We should all try to be so nice.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了15岁的女孩Kiley Crisp因患有威廉综合征而难以交到朋友，幸运的是她在参加夏令营时遇到两个很棒的女孩，她们和Kiley一直保持着联系，并且在Kiley的生日聚会上惊喜出现，深深地感动了Kiley。这场生日聚会的视频在被发布后收获了大量的浏览，三个女孩之间的友谊激励了很多观众。 1．Why is it difficult for Kiley to make friends? A．She is hard to get along with. B．She suffers from a rare disease. C．She lives far from other children. D．She seldom uses social media. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Kiley Crisp，a 15-year-old teenager，has Williams syndrome，a rare genetic disorder that causes learning and developmental issues.Despite her outgoing personality，Kiley sometimes struggles to make friends.”可知，Kiley很难交到朋友是因为她患有一种罕见病。故选B。 2．What impressed Kiley most at her birthday party? A．Her friends’ unexpected appearance. B．Observing her birthday with family. C．Her success in making friends online. D．The surprise given by the cafe. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“She was extremely moved to find that her friends drove three hours to celebrate her birthday！”和第三段中“Kiley widens her eyes，unable to believe it，because both had told her that they felt sorry for not being able to come to observe her birthday.”可知，在Kiley的生日派对上，两位原本说不能出席的朋友意外出现，这令Kiley印象深刻。故选A。 3．How did Kiley feel in the video mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Overjoyed but ashamed. B．Shocked and embarrassed. C．Satisfied but confused. D．Surprised and touched. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a video posted by her sister Ashley on social media，Kiley is seen moved to tears at how kind her friends were to surprise her on her birthday.”可知，在这条视频中，朋友们的出现令Kiley感到惊喜，让她非常感动。故选D。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Kiley reminded people to view her video. B．Kiley promised to help teenagers make friends. C．The girls’ friendship has inspired many people. D．More people intend to join in Kiley’s birthday party. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The world would be a much better place if more people were like these girls.They are inspiring role models.We should all try to be so nice.”可知，观看这条视频的观众非常欣赏这三个女孩之间的友谊，认为人们应该向她们学习。由此推知，她们的友谊激励了许多人。故选C。 Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Sometimes the simplest presents are the most meaningful. My 12-year-old son，Robert，got his first job， 1 newspapers.He was awake by 5：30 every morning and went out the door 2 the rest of us even managed to rise. The weekend before Mother’s Day，he asked me if he could 3 by himself.I thought he had shown a sense of 4 by managing his first job so well，and I knew he wanted to shop for a Mother’s Day gift for me，so I 5 . Hours later，he came home 6 .“Do you know how 7 a dozen roses are？” he said，and went to his room.My first thought was that he was learning the 8 of money.My second was that I would not be getting 9 for Mother’s Day. A week later，there was a knock on the door.It was a florist who 10 me a long，slender box.I opened it，thinking it was from my 11 .Nestled(依偎) among packs of white tissue paper was a single long-stemmed red rose.The card 12 ，“Happy Mother’s Day！Love，Robert.” Many years have passed，and Robert is now married with a family of his own.He lives far away from me but still 13 to send me a gift on special occasions.I always treasure his gifts and have 14 them all，but none is as precious to me as that rose.Although long gone，it’s nestled 15 my heart. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子罗伯特12岁时得到了第一份工作——送报纸，他勤勤恳恳地工作，在母亲节那天送给了作者一支玫瑰，在之后的很多年，罗伯特一直都记得在特殊的日子里送给作者礼物，作者都很珍惜，但是对作者来说，没有什么比那支玫瑰更珍贵。 1．A.collecting B．printing C．issuing D．delivering 答案　D 解析　collect收集；print打印；issue发布；deliver递送。根据后文“He was awake by 5：30 every morning and went out the door”可知，作者的儿子的第一份工作是送报纸。故选D。 2．A.before B．since C．after D．though 答案　A 解析　before在……之前；since因为，自……以后；after在……之后；though尽管。根据“the rest of us even managed to rise”可知，此处是指作者的儿子在其他人起床之前就出门了。故选A。 3．A.make a living B．go shopping C．get around D．remain in business 答案　B 解析　make a living谋生；go shopping购物；get around四处走动；remain in business继续经营。根据后文“and I knew he wanted to shop for a Mother’s Day gift for me”可知，此处是指作者的儿子问能不能自己去购物。故选B。 4．A.humor B．freedom C．direction D．responsibility 答案　D 解析　humor幽默；freedom自由；direction方向；responsibility责任。根据空后“by managing his first job so well”可知，此处是指作者的儿子表现出了责任感。故选D。 5．A.agreed B．refused C．smiled D．hesitated 答案　A 解析　agree同意；refuse拒绝；smile微笑；hesitate犹豫。根据后文“Hours later，he came home”可知，作者同意让儿子自己去购物。故选A。 6．A.light-hearted B．bad-mannered C．empty-handed D．cold-blooded 答案　C 解析　light-hearted轻松的；bad-mannered没礼貌的；empty-handed空手的；cold-blooded冷血的。根据后文“My second was that I would not be getting for Mother’s Day.”可知，此处是指他空手而归。故选C。 7．A.frightening B．impressive C．expensive D．magical 答案　C 解析　frightening令人害怕的；impressive令人印象深刻的；expensive昂贵的；magical有魔力的。根据后文“My first thought was that he was learning the of money.”可知，作者的儿子认为一打玫瑰很贵。故选C。 8．A.challenge B．value C．influence D．pressure 答案　B 解析　challenge挑战；value价值；influence影响；pressure压力。根据“Do you know how a dozen roses are？”可知，此处是指作者的儿子了解了金钱的价值。故选B。 9．A.money B．newspapers C．roses D．boxes 答案　C 解析　根据前文“a dozen roses”可知，此处是指作者认为自己不会在母亲节收到玫瑰。故选C。 10．A.handed B．lent C．showed D．sent 答案　A 解析　hand递，交；lend借；show展示；send发送。根据后文“I opened it”可知，此处是指花店老板递给作者一个细长的盒子。故选A。 11．A.son B．husband C．customer D．admirer 答案　B 解析　customer顾客；admirer仰慕者。根据前文“My second was that I would not be getting for Mother’s Day.”和“thinking it was from my”可知，作者之前觉得不会收到儿子送的母亲节礼物，因此以为是丈夫寄来的。故选B。 12．A.wrote B．proved C．described D．read 答案　D 解析　prove证明；describe描述；read写着。根据后文“Happy Mother’s Day！Love，Robert.”可知，此处是指卡片上写着。故选D。 13．A.remembers B．intends C．prefers D．decides 答案　A 解析　remember记得；intend打算；prefer偏爱；decide决定。根据前文“He lives far away from me but still”和后文“to send me a gift on special occasions”可知，此处是指作者的儿子住得离自己很远，但他仍然记得在特殊时刻给作者送礼物。故选A。 14．A.donated B．ignored C．hidden D．kept 答案　D 解析　donate捐赠；ignore忽视；hide隐藏；keep保存。根据前文“I always treasure his gifts”可知，此处是指作者把儿子送的礼物都保存了下来。故选D。 15．A.far from B．free of C．close to D．ahead of 答案　C 解析　far from远离；free of免于；close to靠近；ahead of优于。根据前文“none is as precious to me as that rose”可知，此处是指那支玫瑰依偎在作者的心头。故选C。 Ⅴ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Taking a gap year between high school and college can be a great way to explore your interests，gain new experiences, 1. develop skills that will benefit you in the future.For me，my gap year was 2. unforgettable adventure that allowed me 3. (step) outside my comfort zone and see the world in new ways. During my gap year，I traveled to several 4. (country) including Thailand，Japan，and Peru.I 5. (volunteer) at a wildlife preserve in Thailand，where I worked with elephants，monkeys，and other animals.In Japan，I taught English to elementary school children，and in Peru，I worked on a farming project with a local community. These experiences were greatly 6. (reward) and taught me valuable lessons about the world and myself.I learned how to communicate 7. (effective) with people from different cultures，how to adapt 8. new environments and situations，and how to be more self-sufficient and resourceful. In addition to my travels，I also spent time 9. (explore) my passions and hobbies.I took art classes，learned how to cook new dishes，and read extensively about topics that interested me.These activities helped me to develop my creativity，curiosity，and critical thinking skills.So far these skills 10. (be) invaluable in shaping my ideas and I’m looking forward to continuing to improve them throughout my life. 1．答案　and 解析　考查连词。句中explore your interests、gain new experiences和develop skills为并列成分，所以用连词and连接。故填and。 2．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。名词adventure作“冒险经历”讲，为可数名词，此处表泛指，且形容词unforgettable的首字母发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．答案　to step 解析　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。故填to step。 4．答案　countries 解析　考查名词复数。several“几个”后接可数名词的复数形式。故填countries。 5．答案　volunteered 解析　考查时态。陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填volunteered。 6．答案　rewarding 解析　考查形容词。该句为主系表结构，空处应为形容词，意为“有意义的”。故填rewarding。 7.答案　effectively 解析　考查副词。修饰动词communicate，用副词形式。故填effectively。 8．答案　to 解析　考查介词。adapt to适应。故填to。 9．答案　exploring 解析　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth花费时间做某事。故填exploring。 10．答案　have been 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时。主语these skills为复数形式，所以助动词用have。故填have been。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$