UNIT3 单元话题阅读一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

(材料选自外研版新教材选择性必修第四册Unit 5) ◎ DIVING DEEP Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks①.All of them represent② attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners.[1] Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored③.We have more detailed maps of the Moon, and even of Venus and Mars, than we do of Earth's own sea bed. [1]本句为完全倒装句。the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia为Esmeralda的同位语。 [2]Given④ our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.As with the discovery of the Esmeralda, many archaeological⑤ finds⑥ are made in shallow⑦ waters near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves⑧.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis, discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins⑨ of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining⑩ streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history.However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme⑪ cold at vast depths⑫.Fragments⑬ of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered. Amazing biological⑭ discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 percent of the planet's fish.[3] In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light ◎ ①shipwreck/'ʃɪprek/n.失事的船；沉船 ②represent/ˌreprɪ'zent/v.代表 ③unexplored/ˌʌnɪk'splɔːd/adj.无人涉足的 ④given/'ɡɪv(ə)n/prep.鉴于 ⑤archaeological/ˌɑːkɪə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l/adj.考古学的；考古的 ⑥find/faɪnd/n.发现 ⑦shallow/'ʃæləʊ/adj.浅的 ⑧beneath the waves在海浪下 ⑨ruin/'ruːɪn/n.废墟 ⑩remaining/rɪ'meɪnɪ/adj.剩下的，余下的 ⑪extreme/ɪk'striːm/adj.极度的，极端的 ⑫depth/depθ/n.深处；深度 ⑬fragment/'fræɡmənt/n.碎片；片段 ⑭biological/ˌbaɪə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l/adj.生物的；生物学的 cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.Imagine bone­white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean's surface, growing at the rate of⑮ only one or two millimetres per year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye, a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent⑯ forehead.In the very deepest ocean trenches⑰ that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface, the pressure is equivalent to⑱ 50 aeroplanes stacked⑲ one on top of another.Yet there is still life to be found, even around the deep­sea volcanic openings.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity⑳ for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances. [3]本句为表示地点的介词短语位于句首的倒装句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词waters；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词creatures；as if引导表语从句。 [4]Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are completely new to us.Most notable21 of these is China's discovery of an ice­like substance22 , known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea.In addition, China's underwater vessels, such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi, have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the record23 for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7，062 metres, giving China its place alongside the world's top ocean explorers.[5] The research conducted24by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, as well as helping identify25 areas for deep­sea drilling, taking deep­sea exploration into a whole new era. [4]本句为复合句。some of which...为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 [5]本句为复合句。句子主干为The research is giving scientists a greater understanding of...as well as helping...; conducted by these vessels为过去分词短语作后置定语；how the sea bed was formed为how引导的宾语从句。 Being a tough environment26 of complete darkness, enormous27 pressure and intense28 cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of29 human exploration.However, through closer international scientific, economic and cultural cooperation30 , we are all becoming part of a global mission31 to open up our planet's final frontier32.Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery, and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today.,⑮at the rate of 以……的速度 ⑯transparent/træns'pærənt/adj.透明的 ⑰trench/trentʃ/n.海沟 ⑱be equivalent to相当于，等于 ⑲stack/stæk/v.(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 ⑳capacity/kə'pæsəti/n.能力，承受力 notable/'nəʊtəb(ə)l/adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的 substance/'sʌbstəns/n.物质 hold the record 保持纪录 conduct/kən'dʌkt/v.实施，执行 identify/aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/v.确定；找到，发现 a tough environment 恶劣的环境 enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/adj.巨大的 intense/ɪn'tens/adj.十分强烈的，极度的 beyond the reach of 无法达到；超过……能力之外 cooperation/kəʊˌɒpə'reɪʃ(ə)n/n.合作 mission/'mɪʃ(ə)n/n.任务，使命 frontier/'frʌntɪə(r)/n.边疆；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘 ◎ 潜入深海 全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸，每艘都代表了若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有500多年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地已经少之又少了。然而，我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。 基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古学的发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有近2000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史。然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。 生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着地球上多达90%的鱼类。在200多米以下，阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。想象一下，在海平面下6000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度缓慢生长着，它们中有些已经存活了4000年。漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，其眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些深海发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境下的承受力。 此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。此外，中国的水下舰艇如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜舰的最深下潜纪录7062米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。 深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都是人类探索无法企及的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正走向海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$