UNIT2 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个创新建筑。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“立方体房屋是一个受欢迎的景点，但它们也是人们居住的真正的房子！”并结合其他几个建筑的介绍可知，里面有人居住让Cube Houses与其他列出的建筑不同。故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“里面不仅有动手的科学展览和活动，包括激光标签区和飓风级风洞！”可知，Wonder Works最适合理科生。故选C。 3.A　推理判断题。根据第一段“令人瞠目结舌的建筑并不新鲜。我们仍然对4500年前建造的大金字塔着迷！阅读更多使用现代技术建造的创新建筑的最新例子”可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍令人惊叹的建筑。故选A。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了悉尼歌剧院被用作商业广告引发的争议，以及国家地标是否应该用于商业广告的问题。 4.B　 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“澳大利亚社区内对于在悉尼歌剧院上做赛马活动广告一事发生了激烈的争论。”可知，悉尼歌剧院的赛马活动广告引起了澳大利亚人的激烈争论。故选B。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“在过去，歌剧院被用来推广一些慈善机构、文化节等。然而，这些活动的目标是突出那些给普通人带来好处的事件，而不是单一的盈利品牌。”可知，在过去，悉尼歌剧院被用来宣传一些慈善机构、文化节等，但这些都是能给大众带来好处的活动。由此可知，之前在悉尼歌剧院举行的活动都是符合公众利益的。故选A。 6.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后两句“例如，一家大型时尚品牌在莫斯科红场中心放置了一个巨大的品牌行李箱广告；然而，由于游客抱怨它太大，挡住了主要地标景点的视线，不久之后它被移除了。这则广告引起了公众的争论，最终未能留下积极的影响。”以及第三段第二句“尽管这可能是事实，但如果广告继续发生，歌剧院可能会冒着失去其声誉的风险，这可能会降低该地标的价值，实际上损害其旅游吸引力。”可知，作者提及莫斯科红场的例子是为了说明将地标用于商业宣传，最终会带来负面影响。故选D。 7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“我们认为很明显，我们的国家宝藏值得拥有随之而来的尊重和钦佩，广告应该限制在重要的原因上，而不是为了商业利益的宣传活动。”可知，作者认为人们应该尊重和赞赏国家瑰宝，国家地标应该仅仅为重要的原因做广告。由此可推知，作者可能会认同“国家地标可以宣传有益于大众的活动”。故选D。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是北京胡同的历史，成因及作用。 8.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“他们来这里是为了参观长城和紫禁城等宏伟的景点，但给人留下最深印象的往往是胡同，因为它们为游客提供了了解北京历史的难得机会”可知，胡同给外国人留下最深刻的印象，因为它们使游客更好地了解北京的历史。故选D。 9.C　推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“北京的胡同大多建于13世纪至19世纪的元、明、清时期。为了保持对城市的控制，这些时期的皇帝在北京的不同区域安排了整齐的房屋，这些房屋围绕着庭院建造。然后，他们可以在各个胡同的入口处设置警卫，这样更容易监视人们的行动。”可知，修建胡同的目的是加强皇帝对国家的统治。故选C。 10.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“皇帝的家，紫禁城，在北京的中心，贵族和富有的市民的家在最靠近皇宫的胡同里。”可知，普通市民住在远离宫殿的胡同里，胡同是按阶级等级排列的。故选A。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第一段后四句“胡同——连接传统房屋的长方形庭院的许多小巷子——是中国古代建筑的一个特色。然而，北京的胡同尤其有名，因为有成千上万的胡同。如今，‘胡同’一词已经不仅仅意味着连接庭院的小巷。它也指庭院本身，甚至指居住在那里的社区。”以及后文对胡同的作用，目的和安排的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种传统的建筑——胡同。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莱德维尔是一座独特的城市，值得一游，并介绍了游览方式和值得游览的地方。 1.G　根据前后句可知，尽管一半的跑步者跑不完全程，但还是会回来，每年的票也会销售一空，说明比赛很受欢迎，G项“Leadville Trail 100 超级马拉松比赛已经举办四十届”符合语境，比赛受欢迎因此举办了很多届，每年的入场券都售罄。故选G。 2.B　根据空前对Leaville的总体介绍以及这个小镇值得参观，结合下一段开始介绍如何体验这座特别的城市，可知B项 “以下是如何最好地体验这座迷人的城市的方式。”符合语境。故选B。 3.D　根据前后句可知，此处讲述了游客可以在小镇做的事情，如呼吸新鲜的空气等，因此推断D项“租一辆电动自行车，游览风景秀丽的矿物带小径。”符合语境，普通游客可以骑着自行车游览这条小路。故选D。 4.F　根据前句可知，此处讲述了哈里森大道，是游览的好地方，因此F项“在网上或游客中心找一份历史徒步旅行地图。”符合语境，有了地图就可以游览几十座具有独特风格的建筑。故选F。 5.E　 根据后句可知，代词It指代空处出现的地点。因此推断E项“户外服装品牌Melanzana购物需要提前预订。”符合语境，Melanzana是一个户外衣服品牌，要去那里购物要预定，因为仅有哈里森大道和莱德威尔销售。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建土楼的特点和重要性。土楼是福建山区客家人的独特住宅，以石头为地基，生土为主要建筑材料，形状多样，能容纳数百人。作为世界遗产，土楼展示了当地人的智慧。尽管面临传承难题，福建的龙岩和漳州地区的土楼仍保存完好，吸引人们欣赏客家人的创造力。 1.as　考查介词。根据“using stones”和“the foundation”可知，此处用固定短语use...as...，意为“把……作为……使用”。故填as。 2.where　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词The Fujian tulou作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 3.wisdom　考查名词。空处作showing的宾语，空前有the，wise的名词形式wisdom符合题意，意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。 4.are built　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，build和主语the buildings之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are built。 5.them　考查代词。空处作介词of的宾语，结合“As for the shape”可知，此处指“这些建筑的形状”，应用代词them指代上文提到的the buildings。故填them。 6.architects　考查名词复数。空处和sculptors并列，作主语补足语，主语the craftsmen为复数，可数名词architect应用复数形式。故填architects。 7.However　考查副词。上文描述土楼建造技术的神奇，下文指出年轻人不再对学习这种必要的技能感兴趣，上下文语义构成转折，且空后有逗号，因此空处应用意为“然而”的副词however连接上下文，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填However。 8.Luckily　考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，lucky的副词形式luckily符合题意，意为“幸运的是”，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Luckily。 9.dotted　考查非谓语动词。句子主干成分完整，空处作this unique form of architecture的非限制性后置定语，dot和this unique form of architecture在逻辑上是被动关系，应用dot的过去分词形式。故填dotted。 10.functioning　考查动词时态。空处作谓语，function和主语this unique form of architecture之间是主动关系，结合“today”可知，此处表示正发挥着作用，时态应用现在进行时，空前已有is，function应用现在分词的形式。故填functioning。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Jaw­dropping architecture isn't new.We're still fascinated by the Great Pyramid built 4，500 years ago! Read for more recent examples of innovative buildings constructed using modern technology. Crooked House (Poland) COMPLETED: 2004 With its curved walls and roof, it is popular with photographers.However, staring at it for too long might make you dizzy! Inside is a typical mall and office building.A favorite feature is the Wall of Fame, with signatures from Polish celebrities.It's modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Cube Houses (Netherlands) COMPLETED: 1984 The Cube Houses are a popular attraction, but they are also real houses that people live in! The furniture is tailor­made to fit the strange angles where the walls meet.Architect Piet Blom designed the homes based on the idea of “living as an urban roof，” with the housing above and the courtyards, shops, and even a chess museum below. Wonder Works (US) COMPLETED: 2006 Looking at the cracks in this building, you might think, is it about to collapse? But it's all an illusion.This indoor amusement park is actually pretty normal.The upside­down features are just for show.Inside are more than hands­on science exhibits and activities, including a laser­tag zone and a hurricane­force wind tunnel! Guangzhou Opera House (China) COMPLETED: 2010 It was designed by Iraqi­born architect Zaha Hadid.She said she let natural places inspire her buildings, such as this opera house on the Pearl River.She used latest construction and design methods to make her design a reality.GPS positioning and laser techniques helped shape the structure, which includes tons of steel and glass. 1.What makes Cube Houses different from the others in the list? A.Its latest techniques. B.Its residents inside. C.Its famous signatures. D.Its upside­down features. 2.Which building might best suit science majors? A.Crooked House B.Cube Houses C.Wonder Works D.Guangzhou Opera House 3.What is the purpose of this passage? A.To introduce amazing architecture. B.To advertise specifically­designed programs. C.To inspire students to make innovations. D.To urge people to protect historical buildings. [二次精读] 重点单词 jaw­dropping/'dʒɔː drɒpɪ/ adj.　　　　　 　　令人瞠目结舌的 fascinated/'fæsɪneɪtɪd/ adj. 入迷的，极感兴趣的 curved/kɜːvd/ adj. 弯曲的 celebrity/sə'lebrəti/ n. 名人 tailor­made/ˌteɪlə 'meɪd/ adj. 特制的；裁缝制的 illusion/ɪ'luːʒ(ə)n/ n. 幻觉 重点短语 stare at　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 盯着看 be modeled after 仿照，模仿 based on... 基于，根据…… be about to do sth 即将做某事 词块积累 just for show　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　只是为了展示 make her design a reality 让她的设计成为现实 长难句分析 GPS positioning and laser techniques helped shape the structure, which includes tons of steel and glass. GPS定位和激光技术帮助塑造了这座由大量钢材和玻璃组成的建筑。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the structure，并在定语从句中作主语。 【背景知识】 好莱坞星光大道，位于加利福尼亚州好莱坞。包括了超过2500枚五尖水磨石及黄铜的“星星”，镶嵌在沿着“好莱坞大道”15个街区和“藤街”3个街区的人行道上。“星星”代表着对娱乐产业有杰出成就的人的永恒纪念，记载着演员、音乐家、导演、制作人、音乐组合乐队、戏剧团体、虚拟人物和其他人的名字。 B There has been a bitter argument within the Australian community over a horse racing event advertised on the Sydney Opera House.While some believe the Opera House is Australia's “biggest billboard (大幅广告牌)” and should be used for economic gain, others are shocked that the government has allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sydney Opera House is an important Australian building recognized all over the world and one of the country's most frequently visited tourist attractions.In the past, the Opera House has been used to promote a handful of charities, cultural festivals, etc.However, these have aimed to highlight events that bring advantage to ordinary people, not a single profiting brand. Some have argued that promoting brands on the sails of the Opera House is just like advertising on any other billboard or marketing space with the power to significantly encourage tourism and growth.While this may be true, if advertising continues to happen, the Opera House could risk losing its reputation, which could devalue the landmark and actually damage its tourism appeal. Although landmarks around the world such as the Eiffel Tower and Moscow's Red Square have been used for advertising, they also caused some arguments among the public.For instance, a major fashion brand placed a giant branded suitcase in the center of Moscow's Red Square; however, it was removed shortly afterwards as tourists complained it was so big that it blocked views of major landmark sites.The advertisement caused arguments among the public and finally failed to leave a positive impact. So what will advertising on the Opera House look like to international tourists? Will they be amazed and drawn to a wonderful country, or will they see advertising as something reducing the cultural value of a national symbol? We think it's clear that our national treasures deserve the respect and admiration that come with them, and advertising should be limited to important causes, not campaigns for commercial gain. 4.What caused the heated debate among Australians? A.The biggest billboard at the Opera House. B.The Opera House's being used for advertising. C.The horse racing event held at the Opera House. D.The famous national landmark's being polluted. 5.What can be learned about the previous activities at the Opera House? A.They were in the public interest. B.They caught international attention. C.They were designed to attract tourists. D.They brought great economic benefits. 6.Why does the author mention Moscow's Red Square? A.To present how companies benefit from attractions. B.To stress the various types of promotions in attractions. C.To explain why tourists dislike billboards on landmarks. D.To show the negative effects of advertising on landmarks. 7.Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A.National landmarks should advertise for commercial purposes. B.Governments must ban advertising through national landmarks. C.Advertisements on national treasures can't have positive impacts. D.National landmarks could advertise activities benefiting ordinary people. [二次精读] 重点单词 devalue/ˌdiː'væljuː/ vt.　　　　　　　　　　 　使贬值；降低……的价值 highlight/'haɪlaɪt/ vt. 突出，强调 commercial/kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l/ adj. 商业的，商务的；商业化的 重点短语 There be an argument over...　　　　　　　　有关于……的争论 aim to do 旨在做某事 risk doing 冒险做某事 be limited to 被限制在……范围内 词块积累 tourist attractions　　　　　　　　　　　 　　旅游景点 bring advantage to ordinary people 给普通人带来好处 lose its reputation 失去名誉 damage its tourism appeal 破坏旅游吸引力 deserve the respect and admiration 值得尊重和钦佩 长难句分析 While some believe the Opera House is Australia's “biggest billboard (大幅广告牌)” and should be used for economic gain, others are shocked that the government has allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding. 虽然有些人认为悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚“最大的广告牌”，应该用于经济利益，但也有人对政府允许这个国家地标被品牌污染感到震惊。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。While引导的让步状语从句中含有省略that的宾语从句，is和should be used是and连接的并列谓语，主句中that引导宾语从句。 C Every year thousands of tourists flock to China.They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing's past.Hutongs — the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses — are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture.Beijing's hutongs are particularly famous, however, as there are thousands of them.Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards.It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there. The majority of Beijing's hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors during these periods arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements.The Emperor's home, the Forbidden City, was in the center of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace.Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away from the palace. By connecting people's homes, the hutongs in fact connected people's lives，whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each other's lives.They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense together when they pay respect to the ancestors or Buddhists.Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community. 8.Why do the hutongs impress the foreigners most? A.Because they are unique to the ancient China. B.Because they are particularly popular with tourists. C.Because they provide travelers a chance to connect each other. D.Because they enable travelers to understand Beijing's history better. 9.What was the purpose of building hutongs? A.To defend against the enemies. B.To offer the travelers a rare view. C.To strengthen the emperor's ruling over the country. D.To deepen the connection between people in the communities. 10.How were hutongs arranged? A.They were arranged according to ranks of the classes. B.They were arranged according to people's life demands. C.They were arranged according to city's geographic features. D.They were arranged according to the closeness among people. 11.What is the author's intention to write the text? A.To persuade people to travel in Beijing. B.To introduce a traditional architecture. C.To encourage people to live in hutongs. D.To explain the feature of hutongs. [二次精读] 重点单词 alley/'æli/ n.　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　小巷，胡同 royal/'rɔɪəl/ adj. 国王的，女王的，王室的 recipe/'resəpi/ n. 烹饪法，食谱 重点短语 refer to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　提及；涉及 keep an eye on 密切关注 whether...or... 不管是……还是…… 词块积累 flock to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　涌到…… the Forbidden City 紫禁城；故宫 place guards at the entrances of 在入口处安置警卫 share the joy and sorrow of everyday life 分享日常生活中的喜怒哀乐 pay respect to 向……致敬 长难句分析 They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression，as they offer travellers a rare view into Beijing's past. 他们来这里是为了参观长城和紫禁城等宏伟的景点，但给人留下最深印象的往往是胡同，因为它们为游客提供了了解北京历史的难得机会。 【分析】　这是一个并列复合句。but为并列连词，连接两个并列句。第二个分句中，it is...that...是强调句型，as引导原因状语从句。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·湖北阶段练习)In Leadville, Colorado, the highest­altitude city(10，158 feet) in the United States, thousands of endurance athletes gather annually to test their endurance in the Leadville Trail 100 ultramarathon.The highest peak of the race route is the Hope Pass at an altitude of 12，620 feet.Half of the runners don't finish, but they keep coming back.___1___ Its ticket sells out every year. Whether you're coming to race or not, Leadville is a unique city that is worth visiting.Part of the attraction is Leadville itself.The Victorian­era mining town is one of the best preserved in the state.There are more than 70 registered historic buildings and eight museums.__2___. For ordinary visitors to Leadville, there are less extreme options for getting fresh but thin mountain air.__3___ The circular path covers 11.6 miles through the evergreen forests.Plan enough time to stop for the trail's interpretive signs, which explain the important places and people of Leadville's storied past. Harrison Avenue is the best place for a walk through Cloud City, with dozens of architecturally distinct commercial buildings and a mix of bars, cafes, and stores.__4___. Leadville's most famous building is the Tabor Opera House.When it was built in 1879 by Horace Tabor, a local rich miner, the theater was the most expensive architecture in Colorado.Today it's considered a National Treasure and still used for musical performances and stage plays. __5__ It designs, makes, and sells T­shirts only at its Leadville workshop and store on Harrison Avenue.The T­shirts are in such high demand that in 2021, the owner and founder Fritz Howard carried out an appointment­only purchasing system.In July 2023, T­shirts there were booked until December. A.Leadville gets all the credit as the highest city. B.Here is how to best experience this fascinating city. C.Consider wearing comfortable sneakers to enjoy the nature. D.Rent an electric bike and tour the scenic Mineral Belt Trail. E.Book in advance to shop at Melanzana, an outdoor clothing brand. F.Pick up a historic walking tour map online or at the Visitors Center. G.The Leadville Trail 100 ultramarathon has been running for 40 years. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·广东广州期末)The tulou, a type of earth­built dwelling (住所), is constructed using stones 1.________ the foundation.It is a special type of rural dwelling unique to the Hakka people living in the mountainous areas across Fujian province.The Fujian tulou, 2.________ you can find many details showing the 3.________ (wise) and myth of the local people, is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.With raw earth as the main material, together with bamboo and wood as the framework, the buildings 4.________ (build) layer by layer, ranging in height from three to five stories.A single tulou can house hundreds of people who share the same surname.As for the shape, not all of 5.________ are doughnut­shaped.Some are oval, square or rectangular. It is said that a tulou requires restoration only once a century.During the process, the craftsmen are considered not only 6.________ (architect) but also sculptors.7.________， nowadays young people are no longer interested in learning the necessary skills, casting a shadow over the future of the unique treasure. 8.________ (lucky), this unique form of architecture, 9.________ (dot) around mainly in Fujian's Longyan and Zhangzhou, is still well preserved and 10.________(function) today, attracting people to appreciate the intelligence and creativity of the Hakka people. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$