UNIT2 读与练·阅读限时训练二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·四川泸州期末)As for suspension (悬索桥) bridges, the length of the main span is the most common method of comparing their sizes and greatness.This list covers some longest main spans of suspension bridges around the world, not longest total lengths, as those main central spans are the places the real engineering magic happens in. Great Belt Bridge, Denmark The Great Belt Bridge connects the Danish islands Zealand and Funen.It has a total length of 6，790 meters and a main central span of 1，624 meters, making it the world's sixth longest main span—for now. 1915 Canakkale Bridge, Turkey The 1915 Canakkale Bridge, opened by President Recep Tayyip Erdog˘an on 18 March 2022 after five years of construction, is a symbol of national pride.The year “1915” in the official Turkish name honours an important victory against the navies of the United Kingdom and France during World War I.Officially, it is the longest suspension bridge in the world with a main span of 2，023 meters. Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island.It crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait.It was completed in 1998, and at the time，was the longest central span at 1，991 metres, and currently it is just behind the 1915 Canakkale Bridge.The bridge was specially designed, allowing the structure to withstand winds of 286 kilometres per hour, earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5, and harsh sea currents. Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge, China The Yangsigang Yangtze River Bridge is a suspension bridge in Wuhan, Hubei, China.It opened to traffic on October 8, 2019 and is the third longest main central span in the world.The bridge spans 1，700 meters across the famous Yangtze River.The bridge has the world's longest double­deck bridge span, holding various forms of transportation on its two decks. 1.What do we know about the main central span of a suspension bridge? A.It's where engineers start the research. B.It's where design and construction shine. C.It's not related to a bridge's total length. D.It's a new method of measuring a bridge. 2.What is special about the 1915 Canakkale Bridge? A.It came into being five years ago. B.It has the longest main central span. C.It was named after a national president. D.It marks the end of the first world war. 3.Where is the longest suspension bridge with a two­level span? A.In Denmark. B.In Turkey. C.In Japan. D.In China. [二次精读] 重点单词 span/spæn/ n.　跨度 turbulent/'tɜːbjələnt/ adj. 湍急的 withstand/wɪð'stænd/ vt. 经受住，承受住 重点短语 connect...and...　把……和……连接起来 link...to... 把……和……连接起来 词块积累 earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5　　震级高达8.5级的地震 open to traffic 通车 the world's longest double­deck bridge span 世界上最长的双层桥 长难句分析 It has a total length of 6，790 meters and a main central span of 1，624 meters, making it the world's sixth longest main span－for now. 大桥全长6790米，主桥跨度1624米，是目前世界上第六长的主桥。 【分析】　这是一个简单句。making...是现在分词短语作状语，表示顺其自然的结果。 B (2024·山西吕梁期末)Developed by Urban Villages and designed by Studio Gang, Populus will open next summer as America's first carbon­positive hotel.Studio Gang took inspiration from the patterns of Colorado's native Aspen trees, with the building's windows looking like the trees' distinctive “Aspen Eyes”. Situated in downtown Denver, the hotel will achieve its carbon­positive status thanks to its sustainable design and a unique off­site project.The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5，000 acres of forest.This will offset an embodied carbon footprint equal to nearly 500，000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today's consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature.Using low­carbon concrete, high­recycle content materials, and minimizing waste are all helping the hotel reach its carbon­positive goal.There is also no planned on­site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon. When thinking about the look of the hotel, Studio Gang turned to nature for its design inspiration.And the building's unique windows, not only recall the pattern of the Aspen tree but also help its energy efficiency.The “covers” over each window provide interior shade, which improves energy use and also channel away rainwater to keep the building looking clean. As a benefit to guests, each room will have incredible views and the windows transform into seats or desks that invite them to enjoy the great outdoors—even when they're inside. The hotel will also include a rooftop restaurant that overlooks the mountains and city skyline, with the intention to immerse guests in nature.The rooftop will be open to the public and will be filled with regional vegetation, serving as a lush (草木茂盛的) place for the community to socialize. 4.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Produce. B.Cancel. C.Include. D.Require. 5.What do we know about Populus? A.It has planted over 5，000 acres of trees. B.It is designed to meet the demands for environmental travel. C.It can't be accessed through driving for no planned on­site parking. D.It will include a rooftop restaurant open to the public for free. 6.What's the author's attitude toward the hotel? A.Doubtful. B.Indifferent. C.Positive. D.Disapproving. 7.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Populus: First Carbon­Positive Hotel in America B.Populus: A Hotel in Downtown Denver C.Populus: Contributor to the Change of America D.Populus: A Hotel with “Aspen Eyes” [二次精读] 重点单词 sustainable/sə'steɪnəb(ə)l/ adj.　　　　 　 　可持续的，持续性的 embodied/ɪm'bɒdid/ adj. 隐含的 interior/ɪn'tɪəriə(r)/ adj. 内部的，里面的 incredible/ɪn'kredəb(ə)l/ adj. 不可思议的，难以置信的 immerse/ɪ'mɜːs/ vt. 使沉浸(于) 重点短语 situated in...　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　位于…… commit to 承诺，致力于，投入 equal to 等于 remove...from... 从……中移除 serve as 充当，担任 词块积累 take inspiration from...　 　 　　　　　　　从……中获得灵感　 meet the increasing preference 满足日益增长的偏好 reach its carbon­positive goal 达到碳正目标 turn to nature for its design inspiration 从自然中寻找设计灵感 长难句分析 There is also no planned on­site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon. 也没有规划的现场停车场，这将鼓励游客乘坐公共交通工具或使用现有的结构，使酒店无需建造停车场，停车场需要使用富含碳的材料。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。第一个which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句的整句话内容，saving...是现在分词短语作状语，表示顺其自然的结果，第二个which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a parking lot，rich in carbon是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰materials。 C (2024·安徽芜湖期末)“WHAT IS CIVILISATION？” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject.“I don't know, and I can't define it in abstract terms, yet.But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I'm looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people.That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1，000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt.Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral's (大教堂) collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly human — and in a particularly 21st­century way.Familiarity breeds affection.A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself.That helps explain why China is in mourning — WeChat, young China's principal means of talking to itself, has been following the story. And it will be rebuilt.The effort to rebuild it will bring people together.Within 24 hours，600 m ($677 m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean.Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best.Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation—binds the present to the past. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be.As Victor Hugo wrote in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”， a three­volume love­letter to the cathedral: “Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries.Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.” 8.What can we infer according to paragraph 1? A.Kenneth Clark is a staff (职员) in BBC. B.Kenneth Clark believes that Notre Dame is a symbol of civilization. C.Civilization is so abstract that Kenneth Clark can't recognise it. D.Notre Dame is the subject of the BBC series. 9.Why has the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames attracted so much attention according to the passage? A.Because the sunny steps in Notre Dame for people to rest on is impressive. B.Because Notre Dame has boosted the local economy. C.Because numerable people around the world has been there and left good memories. D.Because social media like WeChat in China help more people know it. 10.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in paragraph 4? A.current B.parties C.power D.disorder 11.What's the main idea of the last paragraph? A.The essence (精髓) of Notre Dame will be lost if we rebuild it. B.It is difficult to rebuild Notre Dame. C.If it were not for the fire, Notre Dame would always stay the same. D.Notre Dame will change as time goes by even without the fire. [二次精读] 重点单词 seminal/'semɪn(ə)l/ adj.　 　　　　开创性的 inhuman/ɪn'hjuːmən/ adj. 残忍的；无人性的 arouse/ə'raʊz/ vt. 引起，激起 intense/ɪn'tens/ adj. 很大的，十分强烈的 principal/'prɪnsəp(ə)l/ adj. 主要的 重点短语 at the sight of　　　　　　　　 　　一看见……就 bind...to... 将……紧紧地绑住或固定住 词块积累 in abstract terms　　　　　　　　　用抽象的术语 go up in flames 毁于大火 a rash of crowdfunding campaigns 众筹活动的热潮 长难句分析 A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. 一座你在阳光明媚的台阶上休息，在它前面与你所爱的人自拍的建筑，会成为你记忆中温暖的一部分，也会成为你自己的一部分。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。on whose是介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词building，in front of which是介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词building。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·江苏盐城阶段练习)The idea for street art in Kaohsiung's districts ___1___ one very ___2___ local art student named Bamboo.He ___3___ asked permission to paint a mural(壁画)on ___4___ old apartment building in Mi Mi Village.At first, not all of the___5___ agreed.But their village chief, Chou Shiu­Mi ___6___ them that Bamboo's project would improve their community's appearance.They gave ___7___,_yet some still had reservations.___8___ Bamboo finished one painting___9___ started more, their concern quickly turned to pride in the project and their village.More than 40 murals now decorate the buildings of Mi Mi Village. Today, the community fully__10__ the street art project.Many from the village are working to organize a volunteer guide program, to ensure __11__ visitors feel safe and welcome. __12__ one street art fan, no one place seems to __13__the trend more than Kaohsiung.This has prompted some to nickname the city，“Taiwan's Street Art Capital.” Areas like Lingya District explode with color from the numerous art pieces __14__have been painted by visiting and local artists.The area is thought to be Taiwan's largest village of murals.Two of the more famous murals are “Feathers”，__15__Belgian artist Adele Renault and “Rise Above” by Mexican­American artist Ricardo Gonzalez. 1.A.qualified B.started with C.composed D.changed 2.A.mature B.refreshed C.talented D.rude 3.A.originally B.genuinely C.respectively D.fluently 4.A.a B.an C.the D.this 5.A.residents B.candidates C.linguists D.suspects 6.A.forgave B.approved C.cooperated D.persuaded 7.A.permission B.feedback C.intention D.reward 8.A.As B.After C.While D.Before 9.A.or B.for C.and D.but 10.A.preserves B.interrupts C.supports D.pursues 11.A.whether B.which C.how D.that 12.A.Contrary to B.According to C.As to D.Prior to 13.A.have attained B.have resolved C.have clarified D.have embraced 14.A.who B.which C.when D.how 15.A.by B.through C.from D.of 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练二] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座世界上的悬索桥的情况。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“这个列表涵盖了世界上一些最长的悬索桥主桥，而不是最长的总长度，因为那些主要的中心跨度是真正的工程奇迹发生的地方”可知，悬索桥的主跨度是设计和施工的亮点。故选B。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“根据官方说法，它是世界上最长的悬索桥，主跨2023米”可知，1915年的恰纳卡莱桥的特别之处是有最长的主中心跨度。故选B。 3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“杨四港长江大桥是中国湖北武汉的一座悬索桥”和最后一句“这座桥拥有世界上最长的双层桥跨度，在它的两层桥面上承载着各种形式的交通工具”可知，最长的两级跨距悬索桥在中国。故选D。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以客观、描述性的语言详细介绍了即将于明年夏季开业的美国首座碳正向酒店Populus，包括其设计理念、环保措施、对顾客体验的考虑，以及对公众的开放性特点，整体风格偏向于信息传递和介绍说明，符合说明文的文体特征。 4.B　词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词前一句“酒店已经承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林。”和画线词所在句子“相当于近50万加仑汽油的隐含碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。”可知，酒店承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林，这将抵消相当于近50万加仑汽油的碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。因此，offset在这里的意思是“抵消，弥补”。A.Produce生产；B.Cancel抵消，对消；C.Include包括；D.Require要求。故选B。 5.B　推理判断题。由第三段第一句“Populus的诞生是为了满足当今消费者日益增长的偏好，即负责任地旅行，以真实的方式体验地方，并与自然更深入地联系。”可知，Populus酒店是为了满足现代消费者越来越倾向于负责任地旅行、真实体验地点并与自然更深层次联系的需求而创建的，它的设计是为了满足环保旅行的需求。故选B。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第二段“该酒店位于丹佛市中心，由于其可持续设计和独特的场外项目，该酒店将实现其碳正向状态。酒店已经承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林。这将抵消相当于近50万加仑汽油的隐含碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。”和第三段“Populus的诞生是为了满足当今消费者日益增长的偏好，即负责任地旅行，以真实的方式体验地方，并与自然更深入地联系。使用低碳混凝土，高回收含量的材料，并最大限度地减少浪费，都有助于酒店实现其碳正向目标。这里也没有规划的现场停车场，这将鼓励游客乘坐公共交通工具或使用现有的结构，使酒店无需建造停车场，停车场需要使用富含碳的材料。”、倒数第二段“为了让客人受益，每个房间都有令人难以置信的景色，窗户变成了座位或桌子，邀请他们享受户外的美景——即使他们在室内。”可知，作者在介绍Populus酒店时，提到了其创新的环保设计理念、碳正向目标的实现方式以及对客人体验的积极影响，如独特的窗户设计、屋顶餐厅等，没有出现任何负面评价或怀疑态度，因此作者对于这家酒店的态度是积极的。故选C。 7.A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“由Urban Villages开发、Gang工作室设计的Populus酒店将于明年夏天开业，是美国第一家碳正向的酒店。Gang工作室从科罗拉多州本土白杨树的图案中获得灵感，建筑的窗户看起来像树木独特的‘白杨树之眼’。”可知，文章主要介绍了Populus酒店作为美国首座碳正向酒店的特色，包括其设计理念、环保措施及其对客人的益处，尤其是其与大自然紧密联系的设计灵感来源。A选项“Populus: First Carbon­Positive Hotel in America (Populus：美国第一家碳正向酒店)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了巴黎圣母院的烧毁以及回顾该建筑赋予人类的意义。对于巴黎圣母院的烧毁，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛是发自内心的，由此进一步论述了人们关心巴黎圣母院的原因。 8.B　推理判断题。由第一段“50年前，Kenneth Clark在英国广播公司关于这个主题的开创性系列节目中问道：‘什么是文明？我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，我现在正在看它。’然后他转过身来，对着身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和圣母院的飞扶壁做手势。”可知，Kenneth Clark认为圣母院是文明的象征。故选B。 9.C　细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二和第三句“熟悉会滋生感情。一座你在阳光明媚的台阶上休息，在它前面与你所爱的人自拍的建筑，会成为你记忆中温暖的一部分，也会成为你自己的一部分。”可知，因为全世界无数的人都去过那里，留下了美好的回忆，所以圣母院着火的景象引起了人们的极大关注。故选C。 10.D　词句猜测题。由第四段“然而，这一景象激起的情绪与其说是关于这座建筑本身，不如说是关于失去它可能意味着什么。圣母院体现了人类最美好的集体。它在850年的政治……中幸存下来——通过战争、革命和纳粹占领——将现在与过去联系在一起。”中through war, revolution and Nazi occupation可知，这些是属于政治“动荡或者紊乱”，所以猜测turbulence表示“动荡，紊乱”的意思。故选D。 11.D　 主旨大意题。由最后一段“它将永远不会一样，但这是应该的。正如维克多·雨果在写给大教堂的三卷本情书《巴黎圣母院》中所写：‘伟大的建筑，就像伟大的山脉，是几个世纪的杰作。艺术往往在制作过程中发生变化……时间是建筑师，国家是建设者。’”特别是第一句话可知，最后一段主要讲即使没有大火，圣母院也会随着时间的推移而改变。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了台湾高雄逐步成为“台湾街头艺术之都”的过程。 1.B　考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意：高雄各区街头艺术的想法始于一位非常有天赋的当地艺术学生，名叫竹。A.qualified使合格；B.started with以……开始；C.composed组成；D.changed改变。根据前文“The idea”，可知此处应该表示主意是如何开始的。故选B。 2.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高雄各区街头艺术的想法始于一位非常有天赋的当地艺术学生，名叫竹。A.mature成熟的；B.refreshed恢复精力的；C.talented有天赋的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据后文“local art student”，可知推测是该学生是有艺术天赋的。 故选C。 3.A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：他最初请求许可在迷迷村的一栋旧公寓楼上绘制壁画。A.originally最初地；B.genuinely真诚地；C.respectively分别地；D.fluently流利地。根据后文“At first”，可知此处表示最初的请求。故选A。 4.B　考查冠词用法辨析。句意：他最初请求许可在迷迷村的一栋旧公寓楼上绘制壁画。根据句意，第一次提及，表达“一栋”，old以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 5.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，并非所有居民都同意。A.residents居民；B.candidates候选人；C.linguists语言学家；D.suspects嫌疑人。根据后文“their village chief”，可知此处表达不是所有的居民都同意这项提议。故选A。 6.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们的村长Chou Shiu­Mi说服他们，竹的项目将改善他们社区的面貌。A.forgave原谅；B.approved批准；C.cooperated合作；D.persuaded说服。根据前面“not all of the__5__ agreed”，可知此处表示村长来说服当地的村民。故选D。 7.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们给予了许可，但仍有一些人持保留意见。A.permission许可；B.feedback反馈；C.intention意图；D.reward奖励。根据后文“yet some still had reservations”，可知最终当地村民给予了许可。故选A。 8.A　考查连词词义辨析。句意：随着竹完成了一幅画，又开始了更多的绘画，他们的关注很快转变为对项目和村庄的自豪。 A.As随着；B.After在……之后；C.While当……时候；D.Before在……之前。根据语境，竹不间断地绘画，此处表达时间上的伴随。故选A。 9.C　考查连词词义辨析。句意：随着竹完成了一幅画，又开始了更多的绘画，他们的关注很快转变为对项目和村庄的自豪。A.or或者；B.for因为；C.and和，并且；D.but但是。根据“finished one painting”及“started more”可知，此处表达递进关系，用并列连词and。故选C。 10.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，社区全力支持街头艺术项目。A.preserves保留；B.interrupts中断；C.supports支持；D.pursues追求。根据下文“Many from the village are working to organize a volunteer guide program, to ensure__11__ visitors feel safe and welcome.”可知，如今，社区全力支持街头艺术项目。故选C。 11.D　考查宾语从句。句意： 村里的许多人正在组织一个志愿者导游项目，以确保游客感到安全和受欢迎。A.whether是否；B.which哪一个；C.how如何；D.that没有意义，只起到引导作用。分析句子结构，此句为宾语从句，从句是完整的，用that引导。故选D。 12.B　考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：据一位街头艺术爱好者表示，似乎没有哪个地方比高雄更乐于接受这一趋势。A.Contrary to与……相反；B.According to根据；C.As to关于；D.Prior to优先于。根据后文“one street art fan”，可知此处表达“根据一位街头艺术爱好者所说”。故选B。 13.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：据一位街头艺术爱好者表示，似乎没有哪个地方比高雄更乐于接受这一趋势。A.have attained获得；B.have resolved解决；C.have clarified澄清；D.have embraced接受。根据后文“Taiwan's Street Art Capital”，可知高雄是接受街头文化这一趋势的。故选D。 14.B　考查定语从句。句意：像灵雅区这样的地区，到处都是来访艺术家和当地艺术家绘制的众多艺术品，色彩四溢。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句，先行词作从句的主语，指物用关系代词which引导。故选B。 15.A　考查介词词义辨析。句意：其中两幅更著名的壁画是比利时艺术家阿黛勒·雷诺的《羽毛》和墨西哥裔美国艺术家里卡多·冈萨雷斯的《凌空而上》。A.by由，被；B.through通过；C.from 从；D.of ……的。根据后文“by Mexican­American artist Ricardo Gonzalez”并结合语境可知，此处表示是由比利时艺术家阿黛勒·雷诺绘画的，by符合题意。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$