UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·云南文山期末)Boring weekend? Take a look at some of the science fiction novels below to get you into a different world. Frankenstein Frankenstein, the character, is a scientist who works on human life science research and tries to create life artificially.Through countless explorations in his laboratory, he created an ugly, scary monster.The author Marry Shelley thinks people have dual (双重的) personalities.Being laughed for a long time will make people become evil and even get out of control.It also creates a new word—Frankenstein, something that destroys its creator. The Valley of Fear What kind of place is the Valley of Fear? Let Holmes take you into the mystery.The novel is a part of the Sherlock Holmes series written by the late 19th century British detective novelist Arthur Conan Doyle.Most stories focus on cases that need Holmes to investigate, for he is good at solving problems through observation and deduction.Sherlock Holmes, a brilliant detective, describes himself as a “consulting detective”， that is, someone to whom he is often called when other people or the police are in trouble. I Am Legend Robert Neville, the last survival human being in the film.But he wasn't alone.During the day, he searched the dead city.As soon as it was dark, he locked himself in.Not only did Richard Mattson describe a world of horror and vampires (吸血鬼), but also pioneered a way of writing about vampires using scientific method.This is a sad story, but you will be moved by the struggle, courage and hope of human beings in the face of the hopeless situation. 1.Which one is true about Frankenstein? A.Frankenstein is a doctor with excellent medical skills. B.Frankenstein creates an angle. C.Marry Shelley thinks people's personalities only have one side. D.This novel has created the word “frankenstein”. 2.What aspect does Sherlock Holmes do well in? A.Expedition and adventure. B.Observation and deduction. C.Getting extra help from police. D.Communicating with other people. 3.Which author writes I Am Legend? A.Marry Shelley. B.Conan Doyle. C.Robert Neville. D.Richard Mattson. [二次精读] 重点单词 exploration/ˌeksplə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ n.　勘探，勘察 personality/ˌpɜːsə'næləti/ n. 个性，性格 series/'sɪəriːz/ n. 连续，一系列(事件) investigate/ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt/ v. 侦察(某事)；调查 重点短语 get out of control　失去控制 describe sb as 将某人描述为 in trouble 处于困难中 词块积累 work on human life science research　从事人类生命科学研究 through observation and deduction 通过观察和演绎 in the face of the hopeless situation 面对绝望的处境 长难句分析 Not only did Richard Mattson describe a world of horror and vampires (吸血鬼), but also pioneered a way of writing about vampires using scientific method. 理查德·马特森不仅描述了一个恐怖和吸血鬼的世界，而且开创了一种用科学方法写吸血鬼的方式。 【分析】　这是一个并列句。not only...but also...连接两个并列句，并且not only所在分句用部分倒装结构。 【背景知识】 阿瑟·柯南·道尔(1859年5月22日—1930年7月7日)，出生于苏格兰爱丁堡，因塑造了成功的侦探人物——夏洛克·福尔摩斯而成为侦探小说历史上最重要的作家之一。 柯南·道尔对侦探小说的贡献是巨大的，其小说的故事结构、推理手法和奇巧的构思都给该类题材的小说树立了范本，他是当之无愧的文学大师，他将侦探小说推向了一个崭新的时代。《福尔摩斯探案集》可谓是开辟了侦探小说历史“黄金时代”的不朽经典，风靡全世界，是历史上最受读者推崇的侦探小说。 除此之外他还曾写过《失落的世界》等多部其他类型的小说，其作品涉及科幻、悬疑、历史、爱情、戏剧、诗歌等。 B (2024·广西北海期末)SF or sci­fi, short for science fiction, is a form of fiction that deals mainly with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals.It appeared in the West, where the social transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution first led writers and intellectuals to think of the future impact of technology, and was popularized in the 1920s by the American publisher Hugo Gernsback.The Hugo Awards, given annually since 1953 by the World Science Fiction Society, are named after him. Science fiction writers, whose themes are around space travel, robots, alien beings, and time travel, etc., often seek out new scientific and technical developments in order to forecast freely the techno­social changes.Though writers in antiquity sometimes dealt with themes common to modern science fiction, their stories made no attempt at scientific and technological explanation, the feature that distinguishes (区分) science fiction from earlier imaginative writing, such as fantasies and horror works. Science fiction itself comes in two main types: hard sci­fi and soft sci­fi.Hard science fiction is based on scientific accuracy and known facts, featuring “real” science.This approach can enhance the authenticity of the story and the idea that the plot's event could, likely, happen.Examples of hard science fiction include Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea，The Time Machine，etc.Soft science fiction places greater emphasis on the human aspects of the story, integrating sciences of human behaviour.Mary Shelley's Frankenstein，Robert A.Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land, and Ursula K.Le Guin's The Left Hand of Darkness are all soft science fiction novels. The purpose of this genre (体裁) is to explore the possible about the unknown.It gives readers an idea of what might happen in the future if certain events—such as scientific breakthroughs or technological advances—come to pass and how humans might respond accordingly.Given its imaginative nature, science fiction inspires readers to forecast a more advanced, innovative, and adventurous future. Science fiction is creative ground for filmmakers.Besides, there are plenty of science fiction themes of popular small­screen programmes on television, as well as in graphic novels and comic books. 4.What's mainly discussed in the first paragraph? A.The origin of sci­fi. B.An introduction of Hugo Awards. C.The functions of Industrial Revolution. D.The impact of writers and intellectuals in the 1920s. 5.Why does not earlier imaginative writings belong to sci­fi? A.They are not created in modern times. B.Their themes are uncommon to modern sci­fi's. C.They are based on neither science nor technology. D.Their explanations cannot be understood by modern people. 6.Which can replace the underlined word “authenticity” in paragraph 3? A.Value. B.Truth. C.Reputation. D.Calculation. 7.Which is the most suitable title for the text? A.Sci­Fi Writers B.Hard Sci­Fi and Soft Sci­Fi C.Science Fiction D.Sci­Fi Filmmakers [二次精读] 重点单词 transformation/ˌtrænsfə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ n.　(彻底或重大的)改观，变化，转变 intellectual/ˌɪntə'lektʃuəl/ n. 知识分子 antiquity/æn'tɪkwəti/ n. 古代 enhance/ɪn'hɑːns/ v. 增强，提高，改善 重点短语 bring about　引起，导致 name...after 用……命名 distinguish...from... 区别……和……，辨别……和…… place great emphasis on... 非常强调…… 词块积累 short for　缩写 the Industrial Revolution 工业革命 make no attempt at scientific and technological explanation 不要试图用科学和技术来解释 长难句分析 It gives readers an idea of what might happen in the future if certain events—such as scientific breakthroughs or technological advances—come to pass and how humans might respond accordingly. 它让读者了解到，如果某些事件——比如科学突破或技术进步——发生，未来可能会发生什么，以及人类将如何做出相应的反应。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。what和how是由and引导的两个并列的宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句中，certain events是主语，come to pass是谓语，such as scientific breakthroughs or technological advances是插入语。 C Time in Advance by William Tenn (Note: Don't confuse the short story Time in Advance with the title of the volume of four stories that contains it, called Time in Advance.) William Tenn is one of those science fiction writers who are well­known by dedicated fans and hardly known by casual readers.When asked to choose a favorite William Tenn science fiction short story, many would name The Brooklyn Project, which is almost a perfect short story.But I like character­driven stories, light­hearted humour and a twist that sneaks up on you, and science fiction author William Tenn delivered truly impressive humour and characterization in Time in Advance. Time in Advance is the story of a man who's about to commit a deadly crime—a crime for which he's already paid his debt to society.Far from being a dark story of a cruel criminal secretly planning a secret murder, Tenn's tale takes a light approach.The hero is aiming to commit an awful crime, and not only is nobody about to stop him...his criminal intentions make him a superstar.Cool concept, huh? How many times have you read a story that starts off with a good idea？Time in Advance has almost perfect performance.The “what if” in this case is “What if people paid for the crime of murder before they committed it？” Tenn takes this idea and develops its arrangements with complete and thorough mastery. Tenn shines at surprising endings—funny “aha” endings, such as in The Brooklyn Project.Time in Advance not only has that, it also has a “feel good” ending, something really lacking in science fiction today.Yes, the ending somewhat dulls the cutting edge of the social comment.But it works.I consider Time in Advance truly one of the best science fiction stories of all time. 8.Why does the book critic mention The Brooklyn Project? A.To improve the sales of the book. B.To introduce Time in Advance better. C.To express the critic's hatred. D.To highlight its perfect plot. 9.Which is true of Time in Advance? A.It consists of four stories. B.It's William Tenn's best known book. C.It is sort of humorous. D.It is casually written. 10.What do we know about Time in Advance from the last paragraph but two? A.It is a dark story. B.It's a story of superstars. C.Its hero does something beneficial to the society. D.Its hero is a cold­blooded killer and does his crimes perfectly. 11.What do the last two paragraphs center on? A.The mass media's view about the book. B.The meaning of “what if” in the book. C.Ways to start off and end a science novel. D.Features of the book's beginning and ending. [二次精读] 重点单词 confuse/kən'fjuːz/ vt.　使糊涂，使迷惑 dedicated/'dedɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 专心致志的；献身的 mastery/'mɑːstəri/ n. 精通，熟练掌握；控制，驾驭 somewhat/'sʌmwɒt/ adv. 稍微，有点 重点短语 sneak up on　悄悄接近 far from 远远不是；远非 aim to do 旨在做某事 词块积累 commit a deadly crime　犯下致命的罪行 take a light approach 采取轻松的方法 of all time 有史以来的 长难句分析 When asked to choose a favorite William Tenn science fiction short story, many would name The Brooklyn Project, which is almost a perfect short story. 当被要求选择一个最喜欢的威廉·田纳西科幻短篇小说时，许多人会提到《布鲁克林计划》，这几乎是一个完美的短篇小说。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。When asked...是When引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Brooklyn Project。 Ⅱ.七选五 Writing is enjoyable and rewarding and it can be a hobby, a field of study, and even a career.__1__ All it takes is a little creativity, some strong ideas, a command of your written language, and an understanding of how literature is typically structured.Follow the tips below, and soon you'll be ready to put your work out there for the world to see. __2__ Reading helps you develop a firm grasp on how stories are structured.When you read a book, you should split your attention between the actual events in the book and the way the author composed that piece of literature.By reading, you're also studying how published authors use language in creative and inspiring ways and how a skilled writer handles a certain subject. Journals are a writer's best friend.__3__ When you're out in a bar, or riding public transportation, you will witness all kinds of fascinating displays of humanity.If you keep a detailed journal, it's much easier to jump into writing during your writing time.You'll have ideas, conversations you've overheard, or thoughts that struck you, and you may be able to turn those items into stories or poems. If readers recognize the connection between your story and something from everyday life, they will be more likely to appreciate your story.__4__ Newspapers, news magazines, or news websites can provide you with a steady stream of story ideas in the form of news events. If you've been writing for a while, chances are good that you keep getting drawn back to a particular style or topic.Practicing a favorite type of writing is a great way to keep yourself motivated, but make an effort to vary your writing exercises once in a while.If your writing projects all sound similar, try a different style, or think of a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project.__5__ A.Good writers are actually good readers. B.No doubt anyone can be a creative writer. C.They can help you better express yourself. D.So always pay close attention to current events. E.As you know, writing is different from reading. F.You can use them as a place to gather your thoughts. G.Taking on new challenges is vital for improvement in any field. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·河北沧州阶段练习)Science fiction 1.________(regard) by many people as a mirror through which our future can be 2.________(free) imagined and explored.The Three­Body Problem 3.________(write) by Chinese writer Liu Cixin is one of those astonishing 4.________ (predict) about the future.The work was first published in a Chinese sci­fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three­volume book in 2008.When the first volume was translated into English by Chinese­American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention ,around the world, 5.________(become) the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel.The book 6.________(represent) many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. The Three­Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao.Ye is recruited to join 7.________ secret project in a remote area of China, 8.________ has been set up to contact alien life forms.In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao gets caught up in a popular online game called “Three Body”， in which people live on an unknown planet 9.________ three suns.But Wang discovers it is more than a game—it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence.How are these two people's stories connected? And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to 10.________(discover) when you go on reading. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三部科幻小说的相关信息。 1.D　细节理解题。根据Frankenstein中最后一句“It also creates a new word—Frankenstein, something that destroys its creator.”可知，这部小说创造了“弗兰肯斯坦”这个词。故选D。 2.B　细节理解题。根据The Valley of Fear中第四句“大多数故事都集中在需要福尔摩斯调查的案件上，因为他善于通过观察和推理来解决问题”可知，夏洛克·福尔摩斯擅长观察和推理。故选B。 3.D　 细节理解题。根据I Am Legend中第五句“Richard Mattson不仅描述了一个恐怖和吸血鬼的世界，而且开创了一种用科学方法写吸血鬼的方式”可知，I Am Legend的作者是Richard Mattson，故选D。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科幻小说这种文学体裁的起源，主题，类别等相关情况。 4.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“它出现在西方，工业革命带来的社会变革首先导致作家和知识分子思考技术的未来影响，并在1920年代由美国出版商雨果·根斯巴克推广。”可知，第一段主要讲述了科幻小说的起源，故选A。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“虽然古代的作家有时会涉及现代科幻小说中常见的主题，但他们的故事并没有试图进行科学和技术的解释，这是区别科幻和来自早期的想象性写作的特征，如幻想和恐怖作品。”可知，早期的作品之所以不能是科幻作品是因为其讲述的内容并非建立在科技的基础之上，故选C。 6.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二三句“硬科幻以科学的准确性和已知的事实为基础，以‘真正的’科学为特色。这种方法可以增强故事的……和情节事件可能发生的想法。”可知画线单词的意思与上文中“real”接近，可以用truth一词替换，故选B。 7.C　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科幻小说的起源、主题、类别、目的、功能和影响，最佳标题应为：科幻小说，故选C。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了William Tenn的科幻小说Time in Advance的特色以及故事概要。 8.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句到段末“当被要求选择一个最喜欢的威廉·田纳西科幻短篇小说时，许多人会提到《布鲁克林计划》，这几乎是一个完美的短篇小说。但我喜欢以角色为导向的故事、轻松的幽默和悄悄降临的转折，科幻作家威廉·坦恩在Time in Advance中展现了令人印象深刻的幽默和人物塑造”可推知，书评人提到了《布鲁克林计划》是为了更好地介绍Time in Advance。故选B。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“但我喜欢以角色为导向的故事、轻松的幽默和悄悄降临的转折，科幻作家威廉·坦恩在Time in Advance中展现了令人印象深刻的幽默和人物塑造”可知，Time in Advance有点幽默。故选C。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Time in Advance讲述的是一个即将犯下致命罪行的男人的故事——他已经为这一罪行偿还了对社会的债务”可知，Time in Advance主人公做了对社会有益的事情。故选C。 11.D　主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段前两句“你读过多少篇以好点子开头的故事？Time in Advance的表现近乎完美”以及最后一段第二句“Time in Advance不仅有这些，它还有一个‘感觉良好’的结局，这是当今科幻小说所缺乏的”可知，最后两段的重点是本书开头和结尾的特点。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是几种练习写作的建议，帮助读者写出好文章。 1.B　根据空后的“All it takes is a little creativity, some strong ideas, a command of your written language, and an understanding of how literature is typically structured.”讲述的是它所需要的是什么，其中的代词it指代的应为空处的内容，B选项“No doubt anyone can be a creative writer.”讲述的是每个人都可以成为有创造力的作家，可以为空后的it指代的内容，同时creative与空后的creativity为解题的关键信息。 2.A　根据上一段中的尾句“Follow the tips below, and soon you'll be ready to put your work out there for the world to see.”可知，此空处应为写作的建议之一，结合空后的“Reading helps you develop a firm grasp on how stories are structured.”可知，此处讲述的是阅读对写作的好处，所以该建议应与阅读相关，A选项与本段讲述的内容一致，且可以概括本段主题。故选A项。 3.F　根据本段的主题句“Journals are a writer's best friend.”可知，本段给写作的建议是写日记，F选项“You can use them as a place to gather your thoughts.”中的them为解题的关键信息，指代的为名词复数，与journals内容一致，也就是日记成为你收集想法的地方。 4.D　根据空前的主题句“If readers recognize the connection between your story and something from everyday life, they will be more likely to appreciate your story.”可知，如果写作的内容与日常生活有关系，读者将更可能欣赏你的故事，结合下文中的“Newspapers, news magazines, or news websites can provide you with a steady stream of story ideas in the form of news events.”可知，新闻报纸中的很多新闻事件可以成为你写故事的灵感，由此可知，此空处应为过渡句，D选项讲述的内容与空前的内容为因果关系，且current events与空后的news events内容相关。 5.G　根据空前的“If your writing projects all sound similar, try a different style, or think of a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project.”可知，此处建议尝试不同的风格，或者考虑写一个不是通常的写作主题，G选项“Taking on new challenges is vital for improvement in any field.”中的new challenges与空前的“try a different style”以及“a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project”内容一致。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说《三体》的成就、主题和故事情节等信息。 1.is regarded　考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，regard和主语Science fiction之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is regarded。 2.freely　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词imagined和explored，free的副词形式freely符合题意，意为“自由地”。故填freely。 3.written　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作The Three­Body Problem的后置定语，是非谓语动词，write和The Three­Body Problem逻辑上是被动关系，且动作当时已完成，应用write的过去分词形式written。故填written。 4.predictions　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空处被those astonishing修饰，作of的宾语，predict的名词形式prediction符合题意，意为“预言，预测”，且空前有those，prediction应用复数形式predictions。故填predictions。 5.becoming　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的结果状语，结合句意可推知，此处表示自然发生的结果，应用become的现在分词形式becoming。故填becoming。 6.represents　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语The book是单数，represent应用第三人称单数形式represents。故填represents。 7.a　考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且secret以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词project进行补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 9.with　考查介词。根据“an unknown planet”和“three suns”可推知，此处表示一个有三个太阳的未知星球，空处应用介词with，意为“具有，带有”，连接前后两个名词短语。故填with。 10.be discovered　考查非谓语动词。根据“waiting to”可知，此处用固定短语wait to do sth.，意为“等待做某事”，且discover和Answers逻辑上是被动关系，应用discover的不定式被动式to be discovered，空前已有to，空处应用be discovered。故填be discovered。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$