UNIT3 单元话题阅读一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

(材料选自外研版新教材选择性必修第二册 Unit 5) ◎ MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation② I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South­west Pacific Ocean, halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long, thin shape.The green grass and bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site.[3]Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with⑪ their natural habitat⑫ for thousands of years. [1]现在分词短语作结果状语。 [2]本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。 [3]本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句。其中how引导宾语从句。 But the island's more recent history tells a different story.[4]It's a tragic⑬ story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly⑭ brought rats⑮ and mice.These small animals quickly took over⑯ the island, [5]eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately, the cats subsequently⑰ developed an appetite⑱ for the birds, too. [4]本句为主从复合句。其中that引导定语从句，修饰名词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。 [5]现在分词短语作伴随状语。 [6]动词不定式短语作目的状语。 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose⑲ on the island, they did [7]what rabbits do best—they multiplied⑳ rapidly and began eating the native vegetationB21 and digging holes, [8]which caused soil erosionB22.The exploding rabbit population provided plentifulB23 food for the cats, meaning that the number ofB24 cats also increased.This in turnB25 led toB26 more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeetsB27, once large in number and native to the island, died outB28 in 1891. [7]what引导宾语从句；破折号后解释的是what rabbits do best的内容。 [8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserveB29 in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of controlB30.[9]Experts felt it necessary to come up withB31 a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.With this goal in mind, a virusB32 was releasedB33 onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decreaseB34 from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequenceB35 turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, [10]killing up to 60，000 each year.In the 1980s, trapsB36 and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. [9]it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits from the island作目的状语。 [10]现在分词短语作结果状语。 But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.” With the departureB37 of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits? [11]It turned outB38 that they developed an immunityB39 to the virus, and their numbers explodedB40 once again.Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapseB41, and killed a substantialB42 number of penguins.[12]This incidentB43 made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for allB44. [11]本句为主从复合句。其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 [12]本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。 So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in—with my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.This interventionB45 is a long, much­delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans oweB46 it to the island to give it a happy ending. [13]本句为and连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，动词不定式短语to remove the last remaining invading species作表语；后面的分句中，where引导表语从句。 PostscriptB47：In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pestB48­free and the island's ecologyB49 is finally on the road to recovery. ◎ ①chaos/'keɪɒs/n.大混乱；紊乱 ②conservation/ˌkɒnsə'veɪʃn/n.保护 ③halfway/ˌhɑːf'weɪ/adj.中间的；半途的 ④sculpt/skʌlpt/v.使具有某种形状；雕刻，雕塑 ⑤bare/beə(r)/adj.光秃秃的；荒芜的 ⑥contrast/kən'trɑːst/v.对比，对照 ⑦dramatically/drə'mætɪkli/adv.显著地 ⑧heritage/'herɪtɪdʒ/n.遗产；传统 World Heritage Site 世界遗产地 ⑨inhabitant/ɪn'hæbɪtənt/n.栖居的动物 ⑩penguin/'peɡwɪn/n.企鹅 ⑪in harmony with...与……和睦相处，与……协调一致 ⑫habitat/'hæbɪtæt/n.栖息地 ⑬tragic/'trædʒɪk/adj.悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的 ⑭unknowingly/ʌn'nəʊɪli/adv.不知不觉地，不经意中 ⑮rat/ræt/n.大老鼠 ⑯take over 占领；接管(公司)；取代；占上风 ⑰subsequently/'sʌbsɪkwəntli/adv.后来，随后 ⑱appetite/'æpɪtaɪt/n.胃口；食欲 ⑲loose/luːs/adj.不受约束的；未束缚的 ⑳multiply/'mʌltɪplaɪ/v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 vegetation/ˌvedʒə'teɪʃn/n.植物，草木(总称) erosion/ɪ'rəʊʒn/n.侵蚀 soil erosion 土壤侵蚀，水土流失 plentiful/'plentɪfl/adj.大量的；充足的；丰富的 the number of ……的数量 in turn 反过来 lead to 导致，带来 parakeet/'pærəkiːt/n.长尾(小)鹦鹉 die out灭绝，绝种 nature reserve 自然保护区 out of control 不受控制；失去控制 come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等) virus/'vaɪrəs/n.病毒 release/rɪ'liːs/v.释放 decrease/dɪ'kriːs/v.(使)变小，(使)减少 in consequence 结果；因此 trap/træp/n.夹子，陷阱 departure/dɪ'pɑːtʃə(r)/n.离开 turn out 原来是；结果发现 immunity/ɪ'mjuːnəti/n.免疫力 explode/ɪk'spləʊd/v.突然增加 collapse/kə'læps/v.倒坍；塌下 substantial/səb'stænʃl/adj.大量的，多的 incident/'ɪnsɪdənt/n.事件 once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地 intervention/ˌɪntə'venʃn/n.干预，介入 owe/əʊ/v.应该做；对……负有……的义务 postscript/'pəʊstskrɪpt/n.附言 pest/pest/n.有害小动物；害虫 ecology/i'kɒlədʒi/n.生态 ◎ 麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护 我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 但是，这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这些小动物很快就占领了岛屿，它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患，人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。 与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。 即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130 000降到约10 000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60 000只。20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被抓。 但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10 000只左右的兔子吗？它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。 所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。行动的第一步利用了直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。 附言：2014年，麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$