UNIT1 单元话题阅读二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

(材料选自译林版新教材选择性必修第一册Unit 3) ◎ Qingming Scroll① Zhang Zeduan's Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art.[1]Painted on a five­metre­long silk scroll, it offers an important insight② into life in China in the 12th century.[2]It is commonly believed that the city described③ in the painting is Bianjing (present­day Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well, and is currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. [1]过去分词短语Painted on a five­metre­long silk scroll在句中作状语。 [2]本句为主从复合句。其中It is commonly believed that ...意为“普遍公认的是……”，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 The scroll consists of④ three main sections.The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, [3]featuring crop⑤ fields, a river winding through⑥ the landscape, and farmers hard at work.The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity [4]as boats sail⑦ in and out of Bianjing.Civilians⑧ [5]can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.The third and final section pictures⑨ life inside the city itself.Here, hundreds of people from all walks of lifeB10, including butchers⑪， hairdressers and government officials, can be seen going about⑫ their daily business.The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of [6]what life was like for the people of Bianjing. [3]现在分词featuring ...在句中作伴随状语，其后 crop fields，a river winding through the landscape和farmers hard at work是三个并列的宾语成分。 [4]as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。 [5]can also be seen walking through是see sb doing sth的被动结构，表示“某人被看到正在做某事”。 [6]what引导宾语从句，作介词of后的宾语。 Zhang's amazing artistic technique is apparent⑬ all across the scroll.[7]Using ink on silk, he creates realistic images of scenery, buildings and people, and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective⑭.The most impressive aspect of the painting, however, is probably Zhang's precise⑮ brushwork.[8]This well­developed ability, as well as the scroll's ambitious⑯ size, allows Zhang to show an enormous⑰ amount of⑱ detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. [7]现在分词Using ink on silk在句中作方式状语；and连接两个谓语动词creates和displays。 [8]本句为主从复合句。其中主句是This well­developed ability allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detail，而as well as the scroll's ambitious size是插入语成分；破折号后是补充说明上文的状况。 Thanks to⑲ all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides a comprehensive⑳ look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty.It reveals a great deal about the 12th­century Chinese customs, clothingB21, transportation methods, business practices, and a wide range of buildings, such as templesB22, teahouses and government structuresB23.At first sight, the overallB24 scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful.However, some criticsB25 suggest that on closer inspectionB26, the painting actually exposesB27 serious politicalB28 and social problems.[9]Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government, which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation.Also in the painting are soldiersB29 who appear to ignore their duties.There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too.For example, in the centre of the scroll, a boat is in danger of crashing intoB30 the bridge.These sorts of details point to a crisisB31 developing in the city.In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was in declineB32 by this stage.About twenty years after the painting was completed, it was overthrownB33. [9]本句为主从复合句。其中主句是Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government，而which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，同时that 又引导suggest后的宾语从句。 ◎ ①scroll/skrəʊl/n.长卷纸，卷轴 ②insight/'ɪnsaɪt/n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 ③describe/dɪ'skraɪb/v.描述，描绘 description n.描述，描绘 beyond description 难以描述 ④consist of... 由……组成(不用于被动语态和进行时态) ⑤crop/krɒp/n.庄稼，作物；收成，产量 crop fields 庄稼地 ⑥wind through... 流经……地方 wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 ⑦sail/seɪl/vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n.帆；乘船航行 sailing n.航行 sailor n.海员 ⑧civilian/sə'vɪliən/n.平民，老百姓，庶民 civil adj.国内的 civilization n.文明 ⑨picture/'pɪktʃə(r)/v.描绘，勾勒 ⑩all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界 ⑪butcher/'bʊtʃə(r)/n.肉贩，屠夫 ⑫go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 ⑬apparent/ə'pærənt/adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 ⑭perspective/pə'spektɪv/n.透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景 ⑮precise/prɪ'saɪs/adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 ⑯ambitious/æm'bɪʃəs/adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 ambition n.雄心；野心 ⑰enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/adj.巨大的，庞大的 ⑱an amount of 许多，大量的 ⑲thanks to 幸亏，由于 ⑳comprehensive/ˌkɒmprɪ'hensɪv/ adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 comprehension n.理解(力) clothing/'kləʊðɪŋ/n.衣服，服装 cloth n.布匹，布料 temple/'templ/n.庙宇，寺院 structure/'strʌktʃə(r)/n.建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 overall/ˌəʊvər'ɔːl/adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 critic/'krɪtɪk/n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 inspection/ɪn'spekʃn/n.检查，查看，审视；视察 expose/ɪk'spəʊz/vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 expose...to 使显露；暴露 be exposed to... 暴露于；经受…… political/pə'lɪtɪk(ə)l/adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的 politics n.政治，政治学 politician n.政客，政治家 soldier/'səʊldʒə(r)/n.军人，士兵 crash into 撞上，撞入 crisis/'kraɪsɪs/n.危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 decline/dɪ'klaɪn/n.衰退，衰落；减少，下降 vi.& vt.谢绝 be in decline 处于下降中；处于衰退中 overthrow/ˌəʊvə'θrəʊ/vt.推翻，打倒 n.推翻，打倒 realism/'riːəlɪzəm/n.现实主义 be down to...由……引起(或造成) get down to 开始认真做 scale/skeɪl/n.规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例 representation/ˌreprɪzen'teɪʃn/n.代表 representative adj.代表性的n.代表，代理人 be representative of... 是……的代表；是……中典型的　　 Zhang's timeless scroll is an important example of realismB34 in the history of Chinese paintings.[10]Its value is down not only toB35 its great scaleB36, artistic quality and attention to detail, but also to its representationB37 of daily life.[11]Such is its worth that several later emperorsB38 even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.Some of these copies are now regarded asB39 precious works of art in their own rightB40.With the Qingming Scroll, Zhang made an outstandingB41 contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. [10]本句为简单句。其中包含not only...but also...句型，意为“不但……，而且……”。 [11]本句为主从复合句。其中含有“such ...that”结构，such位于句首，主句应部分倒装。 The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age, but it is extremely delicateB42.Because of this, it is not often displayed to the public.The last time it was on exhibitionB43, crowds waited in line for hours for the rareB44chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.[12]The public's continued enthusiasmB45 about the Qingming Scoll, even after all these centuries, speaks volumes aboutB46 the power of this historicB47 piece of art. [12]本句为简单句。其中even after all these centuries是时间状语，作插入语成分。 emperor/'empərə(r)/n.皇帝 empire n.帝国，王国 be regarded as... 被认作…… in one's own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) outstanding/aʊt'stændɪ/adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 delicate/'delɪkət/adj.易损的；易碎的；细致的，精细的 exhibition/ˌeksɪ'bɪʃ(ə)n/n.展览，展出 be on exhibition 展出中 rare/reə(r)/adj.稀少的；罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 rarely adv.稀少地，罕见地；稀罕地，珍贵地 enthusiasm/ɪn'θjuːziæzəm/n.热情 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 be enthusiastic about sth 对……很热情 speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 historic/hɪ'stɒrɪk/adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的 historical adj.历史(上)的；有关历史的 ◎ 《清明上河图》 张择端的《清明上河图》是中国艺术的杰作。它绘于一幅五米长的绢布卷轴上，让我们得以深入了解十二世纪中国的生活风貌。人们普遍认为，画中所描绘的城市是北宋都城汴京(今开封)。这幅古老的画卷经受住了时间的考验，完好无损，目前保存在北京故宫博物院。 画卷由三个主要部分组成。第一部分展现了汴京城外平静的乡村生活场景，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二部分展示了河堤和中央大桥的热闹场景。大桥周围满是进出汴京的船只。我们也可以看到平民进出城门。第三部分也是最后一部分描绘了市民的生活情景。在这里，可以看见数百个来自各行各业的人正在忙着自己的营生，有肉贩，有理发师，还有官差。这三部分的结合，让观者体会到汴京人当时的生活场景。 张择端惊人的艺术技巧贯穿于整幅画卷。他用水墨在绢本上作画，创作出逼真的风景、建筑和人物形象，并表现出非凡的透视画法技能。然而，这幅画最令人印象深刻的方面可能是张择端细致的笔触。张择端娴熟的绘画技艺以及气势恢宏的画幅，让他能展现海量的细节——你细看这幅画卷数小时之后还能有新的发现。 由于有了这些精妙的细节，《清明上河图》展现了一个全面的北宋时期的生活，并呈现了大量关于12世纪中国风俗、服装、交通方式、商业活动，以及各种各样的建筑，如寺庙、茶馆和政府机构等。乍一看，京城的整体生活景象显得平和欢快。然而，一些评论家提出，经进一步观察，会发现这幅画实际上揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。一些运送食品的船只似乎不属于政府，这表明政府已经失去了对食品供应和运输的控制。画中还有一些士兵有玩忽职守之嫌。此外，还有一些不太明显的迹象预示着麻烦的到来。例如，在卷轴的中心，一艘船有撞桥的危险。诸多细节表明，这座城市正在酝酿危机。事实上，到这个阶段，北宋已经走向衰落了。就在这幅画作完成大约二十年后，北宋王朝就被推翻了。 张择端的永恒画卷是中国绘画史上现实主义的一个重要代表。它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，而且还在于日常生活的展现。这幅画价值如此之高，以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。现在其中一些摹本本身就被视为艺术珍品。张择端凭借《清明上河图》为中国艺术作出了杰出贡献，并对后世艺术家产生了深远影响。 原始画卷年代久远，虽仍完好无缺，但却极其易损。正因为如此，它并不经常向公众展示。上一次展出时，人们排队数小时，只为抓住这难得的机会，亲眼观赏这幅名作。甚至在几个世纪之后，公众仍对《清明上河图》热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史性画作的影响力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$