UNIT5 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

[读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲冷水疗法可以治疗2型糖尿病。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“冷水疗法有效的机制在于它能够刺激干细胞转化为棕色脂肪。与更常见的白色脂肪不同，棕色脂肪是活跃的，燃烧卡路里产生热量，帮助保持体温。更重要的是，对于2型糖尿病患者来说，棕色脂肪可以降低胰岛素抵抗，这是控制糖尿病的关键因素”可知，冷水疗法对2型糖尿病有效果的原因是它能将干细胞转化为棕色脂肪，而棕色脂肪可以燃烧热量，并降低胰岛素抵抗。故选B。 2.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“然而，重要的是要认识到，尽管这些发现令人鼓舞，但需要更全面的研究来彻底了解冷水疗法作为2型糖尿病治疗的有效性和长期效果”可知，最后一段提到了冷水疗法还需要有更进一步的研究。故选 A。 3.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“最近的研究提出冷水疗法，也就是冷水澡，可以成为控制2型糖尿病的潜在有效方法”及最后一句“然而，冷水疗法是针对这个问题的新方法”可知，本文介绍了冷水疗法可以作为治疗2型糖尿病的方法，D选项“冷水疗法：2型糖尿病的潜在疗法”为本文最佳标题。故选D。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于噩梦治疗的新研究，详细说明了研究方法、参与者和实验结果。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段“现有的疗法被称为意象排演疗法(IRT)，已经被用来减少噩梦的频率和强度。‘你可以非常详细地写下噩梦，然后创造一个对噩梦来说不可怕的新结局，’斯塔顿岛大学医院睡眠医学研究所所长基尔肯尼博士说”可知，在IRT中患者需要为噩梦重新创造一个愉快的结局。故选C。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“TMR的工作原理是，当你醒着的时候，将特定声音的刺激与特定的想法联系起来”可知，TMR通过引入声音刺激来起作用的。故选C。 6.B　推理判断题。根据第四段“对做梦的人来说幸运的是，两组人的睡眠都有所改善，噩梦的频率也有所下降。然而，接受IRT和TMR联合疗法的那组人在研究结束后的三个月里，噩梦频率有所下降，甚至开始经历更多快乐的梦，而不是噩梦。基尔肯尼说：‘这项研究再次表明，IRT单独可以改善噩梦障碍，但新的变化是，在IRT的基础上加上TMR不仅可以改善噩梦障碍，还可以增加积极的梦境体验。’”可知，IRT单独可以改善噩梦障碍，但新的变化是，在IRT的基础上加上TMR不仅可以改善噩梦障碍，还可以增加积极的梦境体验，也就是TMR可以增强IRT的有效性。故选B。 7.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“虽然这项研究的结果令人鼓舞，但你可能很难自己执行它们。‘如果你经常做噩梦，或者做严重的噩梦，首先解决你的睡眠习惯，确保你有规律的睡眠和起床时间，这可能会有所帮助，’迪米特里乌博士说，他是加州门洛睡眠医学公司的创始人”可知，迪米特里乌医生对严重噩梦的建议是调整睡眠习惯。故选D。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了服用非处方药(OTC)，如感冒和流感药物的风险。 8.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“医生通常对潜在的药物相互作用非常了解，所以对病人来说，询问他们的医生哪些非处方药对他们来说是安全的、是非常重要的。”可知，作者建议病人们应该询问医生哪些非处方药对他们来说是安全的、是非常重要的，即作者建议病人向医生寻求建议。故选A。 9.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“仔细阅读非处方药的包装成分以避免重复剂量是很重要的。感冒药通常由多种成分组成。一个人服用单一成分的药物与其中一种多种成分的药物搭配，可能会吸收不安全剂量的该成分。”可知，作者在第三段中提感冒药是为了强调了解药物成分的重要性。故选D。 10.B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句“使用处方药治疗多种健康状况的老年人可能有更高的药物相互作用风险，因为同时使用更多的药物来治疗不同的疾病。衰老的身体不像年轻的身体那样擅长吸收、分配和清除药物。”可以推断出老年人的身体不容易接受药物。故选B。 11.C　主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段前两句“当感冒和流感来袭时，许多人会不由自主地求助于非处方药(OTC)来克服和治疗他们的症状。虽然这些药物很容易获得并被广泛使用，但许多人可能会惊讶地发现它们并非没有风险。”可知，本文主要讲的是非处方药(OTC)，如感冒和流感药物的风险。C选项“OTC Medicines May Not Be Safe(非处方药可能不安全)”最适合用作本文的标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了何时使用海姆立克急救法以及如何实施。 1.G　上文提到，Henry J. Heimlich发明了海姆立克急救法，G项“海姆立克博士在阅读了一篇关于意外死亡的文章后，发明了这种方法”承接上文，进一步描述他发明海姆立克急救法的细节，故选G。 2.D　根据本段小标题以及空前一句可知，本段是讲述在什么情况下使用海姆立克急救法，前一句说到发生窒息的情况，D项“在这种情况下，立即提供帮助至关重要”承接上文，且呼应本段标题，说明发生窒息时要立刻使用海姆立克急救法，故选D。 3.F　上文描述了实施海姆立克急救法的正确姿势，结合下文“Once the object is expelled out(一旦物体被排出体外)”可知， 空处应是描述将物体排出体外的急救动作，F项“使用快速冲击动作五次或直到他们排出物体”符合语境，故选F。 4.A　空处为小标题，根据下文可知，本段是关于如何预防窒息，A项“如何预防窒息”符合语境，故选A。 5.B　根据下文可知，空处应是提及一种紧急情况，指明It的指代内容，B项“窒息是一种非常可怕的经历”符合语境，It指代B项中的“Choking”，也与下文“the choking event”呼应，故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代人久坐不动的生活方式对健康有负面影响，并介绍了解决这个问题的一些方法。 1.Whether　考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是在办公桌前工作，坐在车里，还是躺在沙发上看电视，我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母要久坐得多。根据“or lying on the sofa watching TV”及“we have...and grandparents did”为完整的句子可推知，此处用whether... or...的固定结构，引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Whether。 2.a　考查冠词。句意：无论是在办公桌前工作，坐在车里，还是躺在沙发上看电视，我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母要久坐得多。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一种更习惯于久坐不动的生活方式”，应用不定冠词，且much的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 3.higher　考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你过着久坐不动的生活方式，你更有可能超重、患糖尿病或心脏病，并经历抑郁和焦虑。根据本段下文主要介绍研究结果显示久坐不动的生活方式对健康的负面影响可知，此处是比较的概念，指“更高的概率”，应用high的比较级形式。故填higher。 4.compared　考查动词时态。句意：20世纪50年代进行的一项研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员，售票员在公共汽车上走来走去卖票。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“carried out in the 1950s”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填compared。 5.who　考查定语从句。句意：20世纪50年代进行的一项研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员，售票员在公共汽车上走来走去卖票。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词conductors作补充说明，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6.to have　考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，司机患心脏病的可能性是活跃的售票员的两倍。根据“were twice as likely”可知，此处用固定短语be likely to do sth表示“更可能做某事”。故填to have。 7.with　考查介词。句意：事实上，久坐与许多不同的疾病有关。根据“has been connected”和“a number of different conditions”可知，此处用固定短语be connected with表示“与……有关”。故填with。 8.their　考查物主代词。句意：解决这个问题的一个可能的办法是，坐办公室的人使用站立式办公桌，一天中至少有一部分时间是站着的。分析句子可知，空处作修饰feet的定语，应用形容词性物主代词their，固定短语on one's feet意为“站着”。故填their。 9.effects　考查名词复数。句意：另一些专家指出，整天站立也会产生一些负面影响，比如腿部或背部疼痛。他们建议，如果人们真的想使用站立式办公桌，就应该逐渐增加站立时间。根据“such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks”可知，负面影响不止一个，可数名词effect应用复数形式。故填effects。 10.gradually　考查副词。句意：另一些专家指出，整天站立也会产生一些负面影响，比如腿部或背部疼痛。他们建议，如果人们真的想使用站立式办公桌，就应该逐渐增加站立时间。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词increase，gradual的副词形式gradually符合题意，意为“逐渐地”，作状语。故填gradually。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广东佛山期中)Recent studies propose that cold water therapy, which involves practices such as cold baths and cold showers, could potentially be an effective method for managing type 2 diabetes (2型糖尿病). In the UK alone, diabetes affects approximately 3.8 million individuals, with 90% of these cases being type 2 diabetes. Managing type 2 diabetes can be challenging; however, cold water therapy presents a novel approach to this issue. Cold water therapy involves the use of cold water, around 15 ℃， as a potential treatment for various health, conditions. This can range from taking cold swims in natural bodies of water to more accessible methods like taking cold showers or immersing oneself in a bathtub filled with cool water. The underlying idea is to expose the body regularly to cold temperatures in a controlled manner. The mechanism behind the effectiveness of cold water therapy lies in its ability to stimulate the transformation of stem cells into brown fat. Unlike the more common white fat, brown fat is active and burns calories to generate heat, helping to maintain body warmth. More importantly, for individuals with type 2 diabetes, brown fat can reduce insulin (胰岛素) resistance, which is a key factor in the management of diabetes. Research has provided some evidence supporting the benefits of cold water therapy. Studies have shown that repeated cold exposure can enhance insulin sensitivity and lower fasting glycemia (空腹血糖) levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that cold water therapy could be an additional tool for controlling type 2 diabetes. However, it is crucial to recognize that despite the encouraging nature of these findings, more comprehensive research is necessary to thoroughly understand the effectiveness and long­term effects of cold water therapy as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. Also, anyone considering including cold water therapy into their treatment plan should first consult with their healthcare provider to ensure it is safe and appropriate for their specific situation. 1.What is a reason why cold water therapy is an effective method for type 2 diabetes? A.It increases the amount of white fat. B.It can turn stem cells into brown fat. C.It helps to decrease body temperature. D.It makes the body resistant to cold temperatures. 2.What does the last paragraph convey about cold water therapy? A.It needs further research. B.It has been widely accepted. C.It is well established and proven. D.It has been widely used for Type 2 Diabetes. 3.What would be the best title for this text? A.Cold Water Therapy: Its Benefits and Risks B.Cold Water Therapy: Its Increasing Popularity in the UK C.Cold Water Therapy: A New Exercise Trend for Weight Loss D.Cold Water Therapy: A Potential Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes [二次精读] 重点单词 propose /prə'pəʊz/ v.　　　　　　提议，建议；提出 underlying /ˌʌndə'laɪɪ/ adj. 根本的，潜在的 mechanism /'mekənɪzəm/ n. (生物体内的)机制 generate /'dʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生，引起 重点短语 range from...to...　　　　　　　范围从……到…… immerse oneself in 沉浸于……；专心从事于 expose... to... 暴露于…… lie in 在于 语块积累 a novel approach to　　　　　　　一种新的方法 a potential treatment for 一个潜在的治疗方法 include... into... 将……包含进去 长难句分析 However, it is crucial to recognize that despite the encouraging nature of these findings, more comprehensive research is necessary to thoroughly understand the effectiveness and long­term effects of cold water therapy as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. 然而，重要的是要认识到，尽管这些发现很鼓舞人心，但需要更全面的研究来彻底了解冷水疗法作为2型糖尿病治疗的有效性和长期效果。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句中it是形式主语，that引导宾语从句，从句中despite the encouraging nature of these findings为介词短语作让步状语。 B (2024·山东德州期中)Nightmare disorder is characterized by frequent nightmares that cause unhappiness and greatly impact our life. But a new approach is added to existing therapy (疗法) by introducing certain sounds which can help a person to turn their nightmare into a sweet dream. The existing therapy, called Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT), is already used as a way to reduce the frequency and intensity of nightmares. “You write down the bad dream in a very detailed way and then create new endings that are nonfrightening for nightmares，” said Dr. Kilkenny, the director of the Institute of Sleep Medicine at Staten Island University Hospital. In this newly published study, the 36 participants were divided into 2 equal­sized groups. Both groups practiced IRT, but the second group additionally used Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR). TMR works by associating the stimulation (刺激) of a specific sound with a specific thought while you're awake. The daily practice saw them completing IRT with added TMR. The 36 participants were then recorded for 2 weeks as they slept. Fortunately for the dreamers, both groups saw an improvement in their sleep and a drop in nightmare frequency. However, the group who had received the combination of IRT and TMR saw a drop in nightmare frequency that lasted for three months beyond the study — and even began to experience more joyful dreams instead of nightmares. “The study shows again that IRT alone works to improve nightmare disorder, but the new change is that the addition of TMR to IRT not only improves nightmare disorder but also increases the amount of positive dream experiences，” said Kilkenny. While the results of this study are encouraging, it might be difficult to carry out them on your own. “If you're experiencing frequent or serious nightmares, it may be helpful to first address your sleeping habits and make sure your are getting enough sleep with regular sleep and wake times，” said Dr. Dimitriu, the founder of Menlo Sleep Medicine in California. 4.What are patients required to do in IRT? A.Listen to calming music during sleep. B.Record their frequency of nightmares. C.Recreate a pleasant ending for the nightmare. D.Tell the doctor about details of their nightmares. 5.How does TMR function? A.By taking sleeping medicine. B.By practicing IRT more times. C.By introducing sound stimulation. D.By recording sounds in nightmares. 6.What do we know about the result of the study? A.Participants tend to sleep longer than before. B.TMR could enhance the effectiveness of IRT. C.The sound treatment can help improve sleeplessness. D.The nightmares can be avoided by both TMR and IRT. 7.What is Dr. Dimitriu's suggestion for serious nightmares? A.Taking regular exercises. B.Doing a medical checkup. C.Seeking accurate examination. D.Adjusting the sleeping habits. [二次精读] 重点单词 existing /ɪɡ'zɪstɪ/ adj.　　　　　　　现存的，现行的 intensity /ɪn'tensəti/ n. 强烈；强度 specific /spə'sɪfɪk/ adj. 明确的，具体的；特定的 重点短语 be divided into...　 　 　　　　　　　被分成，被划分为 not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… carry out 执行，实施 语块积累 turn their nightmare into a sweet dream把他们的噩梦变成美梦 in a very detailed way 以非常详细的方式 the Institute of Sleep Medicine at Staten Island University Hospital斯塔顿岛大学医院睡眠医学研究所 a drop in nightmare frequency 噩梦频率下降 address your sleeping habits 解决你的睡眠习惯 长难句分析 However, the group who had received the combination of IRT and TMR saw a drop in nightmare frequency that lasted for three months beyond the study — and even began to experience more joyful dreams instead of nightmares. 然而，接受IRT和TMR联合治疗的那组人在研究结束后的三个月里，噩梦频率有所下降，甚至开始经历更多快乐的梦，而不是噩梦。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句是：the group saw a drop in nightmare frequency。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the group，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词nightmare frequency。 【背景知识】 Targeted memory reactivation(TMR)，目标记忆重激活，是一种研究记忆巩固的重要方法，通过进行记忆线索的提示诱导促进记忆的巩固。通常，发生在慢波睡眠阶段的提示可促进程序性和陈述性记忆巩固。而在清醒和快速眼动睡眠阶段进行提示对记忆巩固的效果尚无统一认识。在神经机制方面，TMR和睡眠参数有关并伴随着记忆相关脑区的激活，如海马、丘脑、前额叶皮层。TMR使用的线索材料通常为嗅觉刺激或听觉刺激，这些线索刺激呈现的时机、时长以及与目标材料之间的关系会对TMR产生影响。未来研究可以从澄清睡眠促进记忆巩固的神经机制，开发更具可操作性的TMR新技术着手，帮助大众提高学习能力、创造力和问题解决能力。 C (2024·辽宁沈阳期末)When colds and flu hit, many people automatically turn to over­the­counter (OTC) medicines to push through and treat their symptoms. Although these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might come as a surprise to many people to learn that they are not risk­free. A study estimated that every year, 26，735 people went to the emergency room for adverse events related to OTC cold and cough medicines. When two or more drugs are used together, their interactions can sometimes produce unexpected harmful effects. Physicians are typically knowledgeable about potential drug interactions, so it is very important for patients to ask their healthcare providers which OTC medicines are safe for them to use. It is important to read the package ingredients of OTC medicines closely to avoid duplication of doses (剂量重复). Cold medicines are typically made up of multiple ingredients. A person who takes a single­ingredient medicine paired with one of these multi­ingredient medicines can receive an unsafe dose of that ingredient. While everyone could potentially experience adverse effects from cold and flu medicines, some groups — including older adults, children and pregnant women — may be at greater risk. Older people who are using prescribed drugs to treat multiple health conditions may have a higher risk of drug interactions because of the higher number of medicines being used at the same time to treat different conditions. The aging body is not as expert at absorbing, distributing and clearing medicines as younger bodies are. This can put older adults at higher risk for an overdose and drug­to­drug interactions with some medicines. The Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend giving cold medicines to children under age 4. Because of a variety of factors, young children have a higher risk of an accidental overdose and adverse events that could lead to death. 8.What does the author advise patients to do in paragraph 2? A.To ask for suggestions from doctors. B.To buy medicines from hospitals. C.To read the package ingredients of drugs. D.To take drugs as early as possible. 9.What's the purpose of mentioning cold medicines in paragraph 3? A.To provide a medical choice for people who catch a cold. B.To show cold medicines are more likely to cause bad effects. C.To explain OTC medicines often have more than one ingredient. D.To stress the importance of learning about medicines' ingredients. 10.What can we infer about older people in paragraph 4? A.They can't cope with aging positively. B.Their body can't handle medicines easily. C.They are more easily affected by diseases. D.Their desire for health makes them unwise. 11.What's the best title for the passage? A.Say No to OTC Drugs B.Tips on Taking OTC Drugs C.OTC Medicines May Not Be Safe D.How to Deal with an OTC Drug Overdose [二次精读] 重点单词 adverse /'ædvɜːs/ adj.　　　　　　不利的 prescribe /prɪ'skraɪb/ v. 开处方 overdose /'əʊvədəʊs/ n. 药量过多 重点短语 turn to　　　　　　　　　　　　　求助于，转向 push through 排除困难办好某事 be knowledgeable about 对……有丰富的知识和了解 be made up of 由……组成 at greater risk 风险更大 语块积累 come as a surprise to　　　　　　　使某人感到惊讶 produce unexpected harmful effects 产生意想不到的有害影响 paire with 搭配 put older adults at higher risk 让老年人面临更高的风险 长难句分析 A person who takes a single­ingredient medicine paired with one of these multi­ingredient medicines can receive an unsafe dose of that ingredient. 同时服用单成分药物和其中一种多成分药物的人可能会摄入不安全剂量的该成分。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，paired with是过去分词作后置定语，修饰single­ingredient medicine。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·重庆高二下期中) The Heimlich Maneuver Guideline In the early 1970s, Henry J. Heimlich, MD, developed a first aid technique for choking, known as the Heimlich maneuver.__1__ He was shocked to learn that choking was a leading cause of death, especially in children under 3 years of age. When to Use the Heimlich Maneuver Knowing when to use the Heimlich maneuver can be vital in emergency situations. If a person appears unable to speak or starts motioning toward their throat, they are likely choking.__2__ How to Perform the Heimlich Maneuver The National Safety Council provides the following steps to help a person who is choking, if they are still conscious. First of all, stand behind the person with one leg forward between the person's legs. And then, put your arms around the person and locate their belly button. Place the thumb side of one fist against the stomach just above their belly button.__3__ Once the object is expelled out, the choking victim will get more time to wait for the medical staff to arrive. __4__ Avoid giving small kids hard candy, ice cubes, and popcorn. Cut foods that kids can easily choke on into tiny pieces. This can include grapes and other fruit, raw carrots, hot dogs, and chunks of cheese. Avoid laughing or talking while chewing and swallowing. __5___ It happens so suddenly and immediate help is needed. Learning how to perform the Heimlich maneuver correctly can help save a life. After the choking event resolves, be sure to seek medical attention for the person who chokes. A.How to prevent choking. B.Choking is an incredibly scary experience. C.How to prepare for the Heimlich Maneuver. D.In these cases, it's crucial to help immediately. E.If the patient is unresponsive, call medical help immediately. F.Use quick thrusting movements five times or until they expel the item. G.Dr. Heimlich developed this method after reading an article about accidental deaths. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·浙江台州期中)Did you know many adults sit for more than nine hours a day? 1.______ it's working at a desk, sitting in a car, or lying on the sofa watching TV, we have 2.________ much more sedentary (惯于久坐不动的) lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did. The question that this raises is: what is it doing to our bodies? The news isn't good. If you live a sedentary lifestyle, you have a 3.________ (high) chance of being overweight, having diabetes or heart disease, and experiencing depression and anxiety. A study carried out in the 1950s 4.________ (compare) bus drivers with the conductors, 5.________ walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers were twice as likely 6.________ (have) heart attacks than the more active conductors. In fact, prolonged sitting has been connected 7.________ a number of different conditions. If you sit all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job. One possible answer to this problem is for desk workers to use standing desks, to spend at least part of a day on 8.________ (they) feet. Other experts point out that standing all day can also have negative 9.________ (effect), such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should 10.________ (gradual) increase the amount of standing time. They also point out that walking is a better choice because it burns far more calories than standing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$