UNIT3 读与练·阅读限时训练四（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·江西景德镇高二下期中)We've all heard the age­old advice to drink eight cups of water a day. But if you fall short, don't worry: That advice is probably wrong anyway. That's according to new research, which found that for most healthy adults, there is no real benefit to drinking eight cups of water a day. The advice to drink eight cups of water a day comes from a 1945 recommendation from the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council, which encouraged adults to consume about 64 ounces of water daily. The recommendation referred to a person's total daily intake of water, including from all their foods and drinks, but it was widely misinterpreted to mean that people should drink 8­ounce glasses of water every day. To see how much water people really need, Herman Pontzer, a professor at Duke University and his co­authors analyzed data on 5，600 people.The participants were tracked with a gold­standard technique called “doubly labeled water”， which uses water laced with tracers that can be used to track the body's production of carbon dioxide, allowing the researchers to get precise measurements of the participants' daily energy consumption. The researchers determined how much water the participants lost and replaced each day, a measurement known as water turnover(水周转率). They found that a person's daily water turnover was largely determined by their size and their level of body fat, which contains less water than muscle and other organs. The more “fat­free” mass a person has, the more water they need. The research showed that how much water you need changes over your lifetime. In general, our water needs peak between the ages of 20 and 50 and then decline in parallel with the slowing down of our metabolisms (新陈代谢). So how much water should you drink? The answer is simple: Drink when you're thirsty.Prioritize water, and try to avoid sugary drinks, which can cause metabolic problems. “If you're paying attention to your body and drinking when you feel like you need to, then you should be fine，” Pontzer said. 1.What is the author's attitude toward the advice to drink eight cups of water a day? A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain. 2.What can be known about the research conducted by Pontzer? A.It was conducted in 1945. B.It tracked participants' daily water turnover. C.It studied participants' feelings about drinking water. D.It found that body fat contains less water than muscle and other organs. 3.Which of the following is correct according to the passage? A.When people get older, they should drink more water. B.Drinking 64 ounces of water per day is beneficial to people. C.When people have more muscles, they need relatively more water. D.Drinking water with sugar can help improve metabolism. 4.Which is the best way to determine how much water to drink? A.By following the advice of experts. B.By drinking as much water as possible. C.By paying attention to one's body and drinking when thirsty. D.By measuring one's water turnover. [二次精读] 重点单词 misinterpret /ˌmɪsɪn'tɜːprət/ v.　　　曲解，误解 measurement /'meʒəmənt/ n. (通常以数字形式呈现的)测量结果 turnover /'tɜːnəʊvə(r)/ n. (一定时期内的)营业额，成交量 prioritize /praɪ'ɒrətaɪz/ v. 按优先顺序列出；优先考虑(处理) 重点短语 refer to　　提及 lace with 用……混合 in parallel with 与……同时进行 语块积累 fall short　缺乏；不足 there is no real benefit to doing sth 做某事没有真正的好处 a gold­standard technique 黄金标准技术 长难句分析 The participants were tracked with a gold­standard technique called “doubly labeled water”， which uses water laced with tracers that can be used to track the body's production of carbon dioxide, allowing the researchers to get precise measurements of the participants' daily energy consumption. 研究人员使用一种被称为“双标签水”的黄金标准技术对参与者进行跟踪，这种技术使用掺入了示踪剂的水，可以用来跟踪身体产生的二氧化碳，从而使研究人员能够精确测量参与者的日常能量消耗。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句中called是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a gold­standard technique，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a gold­standard technique，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tracers，allowing为现在分词作状语，表示顺其自然的结果。 B (2024·四川达州高二下期中)“The cure for anything is salt，” says a character in Karen Blixen's short story The Deluge at Norderney. Everyday life has got a lot saltier since Blixen's era — and salt is no longer the cure — all it once was. So what should we be doing about it? The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends capping your salt intake at 5g a day, and keeping it even lower if possible. That's because, according to a large body of evidence, eating a lot of it is linked to high blood pressure, which in turn is a risk factor for heart disease. More recently, extra salt has also been associated with stomach cancer. So is the answer to put down the shaker? It's a bit more complicated than that: as the British Heart Foundation notes, 75% of the salt that we eat is added before our food even hits our plates. The UK was a world leader in salt reduction, with the Food Standards Agency enforcing strict limits on how much could be included in most products. In 2010, however, as the government introduced “responsibility deals”， the food industry itself took the lead in the process, with limits becoming much more voluntary. Now, even brands that would like to reduce the salt content of their foods are hamstrung by what everyone else is doing: apart from being one of the cheapest forms of flavouring available, salt can also be used to bulk up foods by increasing their water content. “As a work partner of mine said, leaving it up to the manufacturers(制造商) is like putting a mosquito in charge of a blood bank，” says Graham MacGregor, a professor of medicine. “Some supermarkets want better enforcement, but it has to come from above.” The answer, then, is that this is one health concern that we should probably be collectively worrying about. You can take steps like cooking most of your meals and avoiding takeaways and ready meals. But it's not an option for everyone. “If you really want to lower your salt intake, the best first step might be to write to your MP (国会议员)，” says MacGregor. 5.What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on concerning salt? A.Its potential danger to health. B.Its daily recommended intake. C.Its significance to everyday life. D.Its curing ability for certain diseases. 6.What does the underlined word “hamstrung” in paragraph 4 mean? A.Copied. B.Restricted. C.Doubted. D.Criticized. 7.Which of the following describes “responsibility deals” in MacGregor's opinion? A.A win­win strategy. B.An ill­intentioned policy. C.A business­restricting practice. D.A poorly thought­out initiative. 8.What is the key to lower salt intake according to MacGregor? A.The food industry's voluntary efforts. B.The UK government enforcing strict laws. C.The general public's return to home cooking. D.The WHO introducing minimum standards. [二次精读] 重点单词 cap /kæp/ v.　　　　　　　　限额收取或支出 shaker /'ʃeɪkə(r)/ n. 调酒器 reduction /rɪ'dʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 减小，降低 enforce /ɪn'fɔːs/ v. 施行 collectively /kə'lektɪvli/ adv. 集体地，共同地 重点短语 the cure for 　　　　　　　 　……的治疗方法 recommend doing 建议做某事 take the lead 取得领先地位 apart from 除了……之外 bulk up 增重 in charge of 负责；掌管 take steps 采取行动 语块积累 if possible　　　　　　　　 　如果可能 a risk factor for heart disease 心脏病的危险因素 responsibility deals 责任协议 lower your salt intake 降低盐的摄入量 长难句分析 That's because, according to a large body of evidence, eating a lot of it is linked to high blood pressure, which in turn is a risk factor for heart disease. 这是因为，根据大量证据，吃得太多会导致高血压，而高血压又是心脏病的一个风险因素。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。That's because...这是因为……，其中because引导表语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词high blood pressure。 【背景知识】 The World Health Organization (WHO)，世界卫生组织，中文简称世卫组织。该组织是联合国下属的一个专门机构，总部设置在瑞士日内瓦，只有主权国家才能参加，是国际上最大的政府间卫生组织。 世界卫生组织的宗旨是使全世界人民获得尽可能高水平的健康。世界卫生组织的主要职能包括：促进流行病和地方病的防治；提供和改进公共卫生、疾病医疗和有关事项的教学与训练；推动确定生物制品的国际标准。 C (2024·陕西咸阳高二下阶段练习)Recent research highlights that the last meal of the day can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely about what we consume, but also about when we do so. The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) study, suggesting that early dinners could have much health benefits. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime in line with our body's circadian rhythm. The BWH study discovered clear differences in metabolic (新陈代谢的) profiles of early and late diners. Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose levels, improved fat­burning capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels. Meanwhile, late dinners led to increased hunger, slower calorie burning, and higher fat storage, posing risks for conditions like diabetes. The exact timing of dinner isn't a one­size­fits­all choice, as people's routines vary widely. Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules — ranging from traditional nine­to­five to round­the­clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times. Therefore, finding a dinner time that fits into your schedule is essential. Wendy Bazilian, DrPH, offers insightful tips for those whose routines may not permit an early dinner. She recommends consuming meals or snacks every three to five hours. This regular eating pattern can help stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing the feeling of hunger. Furthermore, it's advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process letting — you get adequate rest and repair during sleep. So it's time to reconsider not just the contents of your plate, but also the clock. After all leading a healthy lifestyle isn't merely about counting calories but also understanding when and how to fuel our bodies. 9.What did the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) study mainly focus on? A.The recommended daily diet. B.Our body's circadian rhythm. C.The drawbacks of early dinners. D.The importance of dinner timing. 10.What may be the result of having an early dinner? A.Enjoying a sound night's sleep. B.Having a strong sense of hunger. C.Storing up more fat in your body. D.Having a higher risk of diabetes. 11.What advice does Wendy Bazilian give to the late diners? A.They're supposed to grab some food every 6 hours. B.They should allow for digestion process before bedtime. C.They'd better have access to adequate sleep. D.They are advised to keep their blood sugar level stable. 12.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To show the benefits of good dietary habits. B.To share the fact that we are what we eat. C.To tell people the healthiest time to eat dinner. D.To show the importance of eating less in the evening. [二次精读] 重点单词 highlight /'haɪlaɪt/ v.　　　　　突出，强调 glucose /'ɡluːkəʊs/ n. 葡萄糖 capacity /kə'pæsəti/ n. 能力，才能 diabetes /ˌdaɪə'biːtiːz/ n. 糖尿病 emphasize /'emfəsaɪz/ v. 强调，着重 critical /'krɪtɪk(ə)l/ adj. 极其重要的，关键的 stabilize /'steɪbəlaɪz/ v. (使)稳定，稳固；使不易移动 重点短语 not...but... 　　　　　　　 　不是……而是…… define...as... 把……定义为…… in line with 与……一致 range from...to... 范围从……到…… 语块积累 circadian rhythm　　　　 　　　生理节奏；生物钟 pose risks for 对……构成风险 a one­size­fits­all choice 一刀切的选择 fit into your schedule 适应你的日程安排 every three to five hours 每隔三到五个小时 长难句分析 Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules — ranging from traditional nine­to­five to round­the­clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times. 纽约布鲁克林的营养学家玛雅·费勒强调，我们的时间表——从传统的朝九晚五到24小时——在考虑“理想的”用餐时间时至关重要。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。based是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a nutritionist，that引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句，ranging from traditional nine­to­five to round­the­clock解释说明schedules，且为现在分词结构作定语，与schedules构成主动关系。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·安徽高二上期末)Returning home from my university on a hot day, I longed for a cold sugary drink. I rushed to the fridge to __1__ one, sat on my sofa and __2__ playing with my mobile phone. That was where I __3__ an ad for some burgers and fries. I decided to order because I was __4__ and needed some __5__ to finish my to­do list for the day. I didn't know at that point that eating this type of highly processed food would make me feel lazier, sleepier — and__6__ my whole life in a harmful way. I had moved away from home in 2021, when I was 18, to__7__ my education. It was my first time living without my family and __8__ myself independently. I was out of my comfort zone and felt __9__. There were so many things to do, so I paid little attention to my __10__ because eating highly processed food seemed the quickest and __11__ thing to do. About 4 weeks after moving away from home, I continued __12__ whatever I wanted, until one day my stomach hurt so badly that I could __13__ walk. My doctor told me it was the __14___ of all the unhealthy food I had been eating. He suggested I make an effort to eat a healthy and __15__ diet that gave me all the right nutrients. 1.A.buy B.grab C.fancy D.hide 2.A.practiced B.forgot C.started D.missed 3.A.saw B.wrote C.ignored D.sent 4.A.thirsty B.hungry C.proud D.sad 5.A.time B.advice C.energy D.peace 6.A.share B.escape C.waste D.affect 7.A.support B.continue C.quit D.introduce 8.A.competing with B.searching for C.watching over D.looking after 9.A.stressed B.excited C.relieved D.ashamed 10.A.study B.diet C.family D.weight 11.A.cheapest B.newest C.easiest D.safest 12.A.finishing B.helping C.playing D.eating 13.A.barely B.immediately C.eventually D.patiently 14.A.experience B.reason C.result D.chance 15.A.poor B.free C.limited D.balanced 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练四] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了关于每天需要饮用八杯水这一常见建议的正确性，并基于新的研究提出了不同的观点。 1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段“我们都听过一个古老的建议：每天喝八杯水。但如果你做不到，不要担心：这个建议可能是错误的。这是根据新的研究得出的结论。该研究发现，对于大多数健康的成年人来说，每天喝八杯水并没有真正的好处。”可知，作者首先提到“那个建议可能本来就是错误的”，然后基于新的研究成果解释了为什么这样说。这表明作者对“每天喝八杯水”的常见建议持批判态度。故选A。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“为了了解人们到底需要多少水，杜克大学教授Herman Pontzer和他的合著者分析了5 600人的数据。研究人员使用一种被称为‘双标签水’的黄金标准技术对参与者进行跟踪，这种技术使用掺入了示踪剂的水，可以用来跟踪身体产生的二氧化碳，从而使研究人员能够精确测量参与者的日常能量消耗。”可知，Pontzer的研究追踪了参与者的每日水周转率，即参与者每天失去和补充多少水。故选B。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段“研究人员确定了参与者每天损失和补充的水量。一种被称为水周转率的测量方法。他们发现，一个人每天的水分周转量在很大程度上取决于他们的体型和体脂水平，而体脂所含的水分比肌肉和其他器官要少。一个人的‘无脂肪’质量越高，他们需要的水就越多。”可知，一个人的日常水周转率主要由其体型和体脂水平决定，而肌肉和其他器官含有更多的水。因此，当一个人有更多的“无脂肪”质量(即肌肉)时，他们需要更多的水。故选C。 4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“那么你应该喝多少水呢？答案很简单：口渴的时候喝水。”以及最后一句“‘如果你关注自己的身体，在你觉得需要的时候喝水，那么你应该没事，’Pontzer说。”可知，确定应该喝多少水的最佳方法是通过关注自己的身体并在口渴时喝水。故选C。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以过量摄入盐的健康风险为话题开端，引出英国民众盐摄入量居高不下的原因。最后指出，限盐不能仅靠个体转向家庭烹饪，政府需要实施严格措施，从食品生产源头控盐。 5.A　主旨大意题。根据第二段“世界卫生组织(WHO)建议每天的盐摄入量控制在5克以内，如果可能的话，尽量保持更低。这是因为，根据大量证据，吃得太多会导致高血压，而高血压又是心脏病的一个风险因素。最近，过量的盐也与胃癌有关。”可知，第二段主要讨论了过量摄入盐的健康风险：诱发高血压、心脏病及胃癌等疾病。故选A。 6.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“然而，在2010年，随着政府引入‘责任协议’，食品行业自己在这一过程中起了带头作用，限制变得更加自愿。”和后文“by what everyone else is doing: apart from being one of the cheapest forms of flavouring available, salt can also be used to bulk up foods by increasing their water content.”以及even形成的语气转折可知，即使有的食品品牌有意减少自家食品中的盐分含量，行业其他品牌的做法也会“妨碍”这些品牌做出限盐的行为。因为盐除了是最便宜的调味品之一，还可以通过增加食物的水分含量来增加其重量。故画线词意思是“限制”。故选B。 7.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“医学教授格雷厄姆·麦格雷戈表示：‘就像我的一个工作伙伴说的那样，把它交给制造商就像让蚊子管理血库一样。一些超市希望加强执法，但必须自上而下。’”可推知，MacGregor认为这是一项欠考虑的举措。故选D。 8.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“麦格雷戈说：‘如果你真的想降低盐的摄入量，最好的第一步可能是写信给你的国会议员。’”可知，麦格雷戈认为，降低盐摄入量的关键是英国政府执行严格的法律。故选B。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了晚餐时间对健康的影响，并提供了关于如何合理安排晚餐时间的建议，帮助读者改善健康。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第二段“布莱根妇女医院(BWH)的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了充分的科学支持，该研究表明，早吃晚餐可能对健康有很多好处。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，与我们身体的昼夜节律一致”可知，布莱根妇女医院的研究和晚餐时间的重要性有关。故选D。 10.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“吃得早的人血糖水平更低，脂肪燃烧能力更好，睡眠质量更好，精力更充沛”可知，早吃晚饭的人睡眠质量更好。故选A。 11.B　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句“此外，在最后一餐和就寝时间之间留出两到三个小时的间隔是有益的。这个间隙确保你的身体有足够的时间进行大部分消化过程，让你在睡眠中得到充分的休息和修复”可知，Wendy Bazilian建议晚吃晚饭的人在睡觉之前要留出足够的时间进行消化。故选B。 12.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“最近的研究强调，一天的最后一餐对我们的健康有很大的影响。问题不仅在于我们吃什么，还在于我们什么时候吃”以及第二段“布莱根妇女医院(BWH)的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了充分的科学支持，该研究表明，早吃晚餐可能对健康有很多好处。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，与我们身体的昼夜节律一致”再结合全文内容可知，文章的目的是告诉人们什么时候吃晚饭最健康。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为不注意饮食，胃疼得厉害。最后，作者意识到健康饮食的重要性。 1.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到冰箱前拿了一杯，坐在沙发上开始玩手机。A.buy买；B.grab取，拿；C.fancy想要；D.hide隐藏。根据前文的“Returning home from my university on a hot day, I longed for a cold sugary drink.”可知，在一个大热天从大学回家的路上，“我”很想喝一杯冷饮，所以“我”冲到冰箱前拿了一杯。故选B。 2.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到冰箱前拿了一杯，坐在沙发上开始玩手机。A.practiced练习；B.forgot忘记；C.started开始；D.missed错过。根据前文的“Returning home from my university on a hot day, I longed for a cold sugary drink. I rushed to the fridge to__1__one, sat on my sofa”和后文“playing with my mobile phone”可知，从大学回家后，“我”拿了一杯冷饮后，坐在沙发上开始玩手机。故选C。 3.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里看到了汉堡和薯条的广告。A.saw看见；B.wrote写；C.ignored忽略；D.sent发送。根据后文的“an ad for some burgers and fries”可知，“我”看到了汉堡和薯条的广告。故选A。 4.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我决定点餐，因为我饿了，需要一些能量来完成我当天的任务清单。A.thirsty口渴的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sad悲哀的。根据前文的“That was where I__3__ an ad for some burgers and fries. I decided to order because”可知，“我”看到了汉堡和薯条的广告，并且觉得饿了，才决定点餐。故选B。 5.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定点餐，因为我饿了，需要一些能量来完成我当天的任务清单。A.time时间；B.advice建议；C.energy能量；D.peace和平。根据前文的“I decided to order”和后文“to finish my to­do list for the day”可知，我决定点餐，需要一些“能量”来完成我当天的任务清单。故选C。 6.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我当时并不知道吃这种高度加工的食物会让我感觉更懒、更困——并以一种有害的方式影响我的整个生活。A.share分享；B.escape逃逸；C.waste浪费；D.affect影响。根据前文的“eating this type of highly processed food would make me feel lazier, sleepier”和后文“my whole life in a harmful way.”可知，这种高度加工的食物会让“我”感觉更懒、更困，所以这种高度加工的食物以一种有害的方式影响“我”的整个生活。故选D。 7.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，我18岁，为了继续学业，我离开了家。A.support支持；B.continue继续；C.quit退出；D.introduce介绍。根据前文的“I had moved away from home in 2021, when I was 18”和后文“my education”可知，18岁时，“我”离开了家，是为了继续学业。故选B。 8.D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是我第一次离开家人独自生活，独自照顾自己。A.competing with与……竞争；B.searching for寻找；C.watching over 监视；D.looking after照顾。根据前文的“living without my family”和后文“myself independently”可知，“我”离开家人独自生活，所以要独自照顾自己。故选D。 9.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我离开了自己的舒适区，感到压力很大。A.stressed压力大的；B.excited兴奋的；C.relieved放心的；D.ashamed惭愧的。根据前文的“I was out of my comfort zone”可知，“我”离开了自己的舒适区，所以感到压力很大。故选A。 10.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有很多事情要做，所以我很少注意我的饮食，因为吃高度加工的食物似乎是最快和最容易的事情。A.study研究；B.diet饮食；C.family家族；D.weight重量。根据前文的“There were so many things to do, so I paid little attention to”和后文“because eating highly processed food seemed the quickest”可知，有很多事情要做，所以“我”很少注意自己的饮食，吃高度加工的食物。故选B。 11.C　考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：有很多事情要做，所以我很少注意我的饮食，因为吃高度加工的食物似乎是最快和最容易的事情。A.cheapest最便宜的；B.newest最新的；C.easiest最简单的；D.safest最安全的。根据前文的“because eating highly processed food seemed the quickest and ”可知，高度加工的食物，点餐就给送到，似乎是最快和最容易的事情。故选C。 12.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开家大约4周后，我继续吃我想吃的东西，直到有一天我的胃疼得厉害，我几乎不能走路。A.finishing完成；B.helping帮助；C.playing玩；D.eating吃。根据后文的“whatever I wanted, until one day my stomach hurt so badly”可知，有一天我的胃疼得厉害，可推知没有注意饮食，继续吃“我”想吃的东西，所以导致胃疼得厉害。故选D。 13.A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：离开家大约4周后，我继续吃我想吃的东西，直到有一天我的胃疼得厉害，我几乎不能走路。A.barely几乎不；B.immediately立即；C.eventually最终；D.patiently耐心地。根据前文的“my stomach hurt so badly”和后文“walk”可知，“我”的胃疼得厉害，几乎不能走路。故选A。 14.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的医生告诉我，这是我一直吃不健康食物的结果。A.experience经验；B.reason原因；C.result结果；D.chance机会。根据后文的“of all the unhealthy food I had been eating”可知，胃疼得厉害是一直吃不健康食物的结果。故选C。 15.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他建议我努力做到健康均衡饮食，给我所有正确的营养。A.poor贫穷的；B.free自由的；C.limited有限的；D.balanced平衡的。根据后文的“diet that gave me all the right nutrients”可知，能给“我”所有正确的营养的，是健康均衡的饮食。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$