UNIT3 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·河南洛阳高二下期中)I am Amy Chew. I graduated from this school in 2014. I'm glad to be here today to speak to you about the importance of accepting your body. I used to be anorexic; I was extremely thin: my head, which looked abnormally huge, was barely supported by my backbone. It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to comfort my parents or teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of food. My family members were annoyed. They cried a lot. It all started when a boy in my class called me “fat”. It was painful. I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise method. I lost 10 kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely addicted to losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless! I almost lost my life. That was when I decided to turn my life around. Looking good is extremely important to a teenager. We want to look a certain way so we can be popular and accepted. We are attracted by good shapes. Now, with social media, we have access to a pool of photographs of people, whose bodies and appearances we admire.Those images make us envious. We long to be like them. We're in danger when we start to look down upon the way we look and take extreme measures to attain the body we dream of having. These measures can lead to eating disorders, unrealistic and unhealthy exercise habits, low self­respect and depression. Besides affecting the physical health, teenagers who are body conscious can also suffer from mental instability. They may fall into despair, guilt and hopelessness. If you are currently experiencing these feelings, seek help before it is too late. 1.Which can show the author's change in her figure? A.Bony→fat→normal. B.Fat→bony→normal. C.Bony→normal→fat. D.Fat→normal→bony. 2.What made the author decide on changing her lifestyle? A.Pursuit of beauty. B.Persuasion of her parents. C.Falling behind others in grades. D.Being laughed at for her figure. 3.What's the best title for the text? A.Accept Your Body B.Stick to Your Dream C.Be Confident and Brave D.Lose Weight Properly 4.What would be talked about in the following paragraph most probably? A.The necessity of keeping a balanced diet. B.The risk of losing weight blindly on one's own. C.The importance of feeling positive about your image. D.The standards of healthy eating and exercise habits. [二次精读] 重点单词 anorexic /ˌænə'reksɪk/adj.　 　 　厌食的 barely /'beəli/ adv. 勉强才能；几乎不 envious /'enviəs/adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 instability /ˌɪnstə'bɪləti/n. (行为、情绪等的)不稳定状态，变化无常 重点短语 throw up　　　　　　　　　 　　呕吐 be addicted to 对……上瘾 have access to 能够到达或进入某个地方 long to do sth 渴望做某事 look down upon 轻视，蔑视，看不起 take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 语块积累 adopt an extremely strict diet　 　严格控制饮食 lose weight 减肥 turn my life around 改变我的生活 a pool of photographs 一堆照片 fall into despair 陷入绝望 长难句分析 Should I attempt to eat to comfort my parents or teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. 如果我试图吃东西来安慰我的父母或老师，我会把自己锁在厕所里，把食物吐出来。 【分析】　这是一个含有虚拟语气的主从复合句。Should I attempt to eat to comfort my parents or teachers是省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，其省略条件是：在虚拟条件句中，谓语部分如果含有“were，had，should”时，可以省去连词if，将“were，had，should”挪到从句句首，其余部分不变，从而形成从句的部分倒装。 B (2024·广东惠州高二下期中)The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also increase health and environmental costs — heart disease, carbon emissions, and more. For years, health researchers focused on their priorities while environmental scientists were on theirs. And it became increasingly obvious that what we eat is closely connected with planet's health. So the researchers of a recent study at the University of Michigan built a system that combined both concerns, looking at health and environmental impacts of specific foods. The researchers looked at the nutritional makeup of nearly 6，000 foods. A hot dog would probably cost someone about 35 minutes of living; but eating most fruits might help someone gain a few extra minutes. In the calculations, apple pie is just about neutral — some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar. At the same time, the researchers evaluated the environmental effects of those thousands of food items. They studied different ways the environment absorbed food production's impact as well. When researchers looked at both issues at once, an exciting pattern emerged. Many foods good for people's health were also relatively gentle on the environment. Not surprisingly, beans, vegetables — not those grown in greenhouses, though — and some sustainably farmed seafood like catfish fell in what they termed the “green” zone. “Amber” zone foods, like milk, egg­based foods and greenhouse­grown vegetables balanced health and environmental costs. “Red” zone foods, which included beef, pork, lamb and processed meats, had high health and environmental costs. There's no replacement for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to culture, religion, emotion, economic concerns, and so much more. “We aim to inform people so that they can make choices that fit with their needs and values.” says Olivier Jolliet，one of the researchers. “We don't all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight.” he says. “Small changes can make big impacts.” 5.What do we know about the recent study? A.More is known about the nutritional makeup of foods. B.Most foods are beneficial to both health and the planet. C.Healthy foods tend to be harmless to the environment. D.Research has been done on environmental impacts of foods. 6.What does the underlined word “neutral” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Balanced. B.Wasteful. C.Gentle. D.Consuming. 7.Which of the following has the lowest health and environmental cost? A.Milk. B.A hot dog. C.Apple pie. D.Beans. 8.What does Olivier Jolliet think of shifts in food choices? A.They can make a great difference. B.They meet people's needs for food. C.They are not suitable for everybody. D.They are of great value to researchers. [二次精读] 重点单词 priority /praɪ'ɒrəti/ n.　优先事项，最重要的事 calculation /ˌkælkju'leɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 计算，运算 boost /buːst/ v. 使增长，推动 emerge /ɪ'mɜːdʒ/ v. 浮现，出现 重点短语 connect...to... 　连接……到…… aim to do sth 旨在做某事 so that 以便，为了 fit with 与……相符合 语块积累 increase health and environmental costs 　 增加健康和环境成本 evaluate the environmental effects 评估环境影响 be gentle on the environment 对环境温和 长难句分析 And it became increasingly obvious that what we eat is closely connected with planet's health. 越来越明显的是，我们吃的东西与地球的健康密切相关。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。从句中what we eat是what引导的主语从句。be closely connected with意为：与……密切相关。 C (2024·山东临沂高二下期中)Despite the fact that burgers, chips and fries are known as some of the most unhealthy food we can eat, they are still the most popular food. There are a few reasons behind that. First, junk food is generally easy to get and take with you. This convenience is a major draw for many, especially people who are always on the go. Restaurants like McDonald's and KFC can be found outside many schools and workplaces, providing meals in under a minute. Secondly, junk food contains a lot of added sugar and fat. This kind of food causes our brain to send out certain chemicals, which produce the feeling of relaxation, pleasure and enjoyment. That's why such food is called “comfort food”. Thirdly, our ancestors didn't have such easy access to the huge variety of food we come across every day. They didn't have the convenience of having food as easily as we do. So they made it a habit to eat as much as they could to survive and protect themselves from the hard natural conditions. The cave mentality is passed down to us, which makes us believe that we can never have enough food that is high in sugar and fat, no matter how crazily we eat. Besides, when we are too worried and tired to relax, our body produces cortisol(皮质醇), which increases the sugar content in the blood, so it can be used as energy to aid in fat and carbohydrate metabolism (碳水化合物代谢). Additionally, it is also found to increase hunger. That's the reason why when we're thinking about unpleasant things, we prefer foods that are high in sugar, fat and carbohydrate, that is to say unhealthy food. 9.Why are McDonald's and KFC mentioned? A.To show they take up the best site. B.To show they provide good service. C.To show they are famous for their taste. D.To show they make junk food easy to get. 10.What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 4? A.We need all kinds of food. B.Our ancestors lived a hard life. C.We are born to eat more than we need. D.It is difficult for us to change our habits. 11.What is a cause of the increase of sugar content in our body? A.Too much stress. B.A wish for food. C.A fast metabolic rate. D.Not having enough energy. 12.What is the text mainly about? A.How harmful junk food is. B.Why fast food is so delicious. C.How we can develop a healthy lifestyle. D.Why we love unhealthy food so much. [二次精读] 重点单词 draw /drɔː/ n.　有吸引力的人(或事物) ancestor /'ænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先，祖宗 mentality /men'tæləti/ n. 心理 additionally /ə'dɪʃənəli/ adv. 另外，此外 重点短语 make it a habit to do sth养成做某事的习惯 protect... from... 保护……不受……的伤害 pass...down to 将……传递下去 be used as 被用作 语块积累 despite the fact that　尽管，虽然 on the go 在行动中 be high in sugar and fat 富含糖分和脂肪 长难句分析 That's the reason why when we're thinking about unpleasant things, we prefer foods that are high in sugar, fat and carbohydrate, that is to say unhealthy food. 这就是为什么当我们想到不愉快的事情时，我们更喜欢高糖、高脂肪和高碳水化合物的食物，也就是说，不健康的食物。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，主句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词foods，that is to say在句中作插入语，意为“也就是说”，用来解释或澄清前面所说的话。 【背景知识】 The cave mentality洞穴心理。洞穴心理是指人类在面对困境时，通常会选择退缩、回避和封闭的心理倾向。这个概念最早由美国作家 John C.Gardner提出，他认为人们如同野兽一样，当感到不安全或受到威胁时，会选择逃避到自己的“洞穴”中，远离外界的困扰。洞穴原理在心理学、社会学和组织管理等领域都有广泛的应用。 洞穴原理的含义主要分为两个方面：心理层面和社会层面。 在心理层面，洞穴原理指的是人类面对压力、焦虑和不确定性时，会往安全、熟悉的地方退缩。这种退缩可能体现为逃避现实、回避责任、拒绝变革、沉迷于舒适区等行为。人们担心面对困难和挑战时，自己无法胜任或无法应对，因此会选择逃避和避开这些问题，以保护自己的安全感和自尊心。 洞穴原理在社会层面上也有着重要的影响。在组织管理中，洞穴原理描述了一个团队成员面对团队内部矛盾和外部竞争时，选择内部保护和封闭的倾向。这种行为表现为成员之间缺乏有效的沟通和协作，过度关注自我利益排斥外来影响等。团队成员对于团队内部的争执和不和谐感到不安，而封闭自己的“洞穴”，以保护自己和自己的观念。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·河北保定高二下期中)In the busy and fast­paced world we live in today, keeping a healthy eating routine within changing schedules and various family preferences can seem like an huge challenge. Below are some tips to help establish a balanced and healthy approach to eating in today's family life. Embrace mindful eating. Mindfulness transforms eating into a nurturing(养育) practice, encouraging a deep connection with how food affects your body and mood. When you eat, take the time to really notice your food — eat slowly and without distractions. __1__ It also leads to more fulfilling and healthful eating experiences, regardless of what is going on around you. __2__ Consider establishing guidelines that encourage eating without distractions such as TVs, phones or other electronic devices. These guidelines will help everyone at the table to fully engage with their food and with each other. This practice not only promote the enjoyment of meals but also support healthier eating habits by focusing attention on the meal and the company, enriching the shared experience. Establish a flexible meal routine. Finding a common mealtime can be challenging due to varying schedules.__3__ If you're hungry earlier, empower (授权) yourself to eat when you feel the need. There's beauty in flexibility; you can still share quality time with loved ones by sitting together at the table when they eat, even if you're not eating yourself. __4__ It's about finding balance between personal nutrition needs and family well­being. Nurture a supportive food environment. Creating an environment that celebrates healthy eating involves everyone in the household. Discuss preferences openly and plan meals that are inclusive, ensuring that each person feels valued. Shared meal preparation becomes a moment for bonding and respect for individual health goals.__5__ A.Schedule mealtime into daily routine. B.Establish a flexible meal routine. C.This approach respects your body's needs while maintaining the joy of eating together. D.By involving everyone, meals become a reflection of collective care and respect. E.This attentiveness develops a deep respect for your body's needs. F.It's important to be flexible and respectful of each family member's eating preferences. G.These guidelines will help everyone at the table to fully engage with their food and with each other. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·广东佛山高二上期末)Hangzhou, the birthplace of Zhejiang cuisine, is famous for dishes like West Lake vinegar fish, beggar's chicken and Dongpo pork. 1.________ (surprising), in recent times, Hangzhou has been jokingly referred to as the “desert of China's delicious food.” Different 2.________(opinion) about the taste of Hangzhou's cuisine can be seen on Chinese social media platforms. Some people argue that Hangzhou's dishes are known for 3.________ (they) mild flavors, highlighting the delicate taste 4.________ the food. They believe that Hangzhou's cuisine, though different from northern Chinese cuisines 5.________ are characterized by strong flavors, 6.________ (be) by no means less tasty. In contrast, others claim that Hangzhou's dishes lack a special feature，7.________(describe) them as tasteless, with sharp criticism aimed at the city's most famous dish, West Lake vinegar fish, for its strange and 8.________ (pleasant) taste. As debates continue, Hangzhou's reputation as a culinary(烹饪的) destination remains 9.________ topic of discussion. Chinese cuisine is celebrated for its diversity, offering a wide range of flavors. It's of great importance 10.________ (accept) the varieties of regional tastes and enjoy the culinary richness of different places. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过自己的亲身经历，讲述了因为被嘲笑而开始厌食，导致身体和心理健康受到严重影响，最终意识到问题并决定改变。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段前五句“这一切都始于我班上的一个男孩叫我‘胖子’。这很痛苦。我采取了非常严格的饮食和锻炼方法。我在三个月内减掉了10公斤，而且还在继续减重。我完全沉迷于减掉更多的体重”及第一段第四句“我以前有厌食症；我非常瘦：我的头看起来异常巨大，几乎没有脊梁骨支撑”及第三段最后一句“从那时起，我决定改变我的生活”可知，文章中提到作者曾经被同学称为“胖子”，然后通过极端的节食和锻炼减去了10公斤，并且继续减重，最后决定改变生活方式。由此可知，作者的体型变化是从胖到瘦再到正常。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“这一切都始于我班上的一个男孩叫我‘胖子’。这很痛苦。我采取了非常严格的饮食和锻炼方法”可知，由于身材被嘲笑，作者决定改变她的生活方式。故选D。 3.A　主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述的是作者通过自己的经历来告诫读者，要正确看待自己的体型，保持健康的生活方式。作者呼吁大家接受自己的身体，不要因为外界的评价而采取极端的减肥措施，这样不仅对身体有害，还可能导致心理问题。由此可知，A选项“Accept your body(接受自己的身体)”能够概括文章主要内容，适合作本文标题。故选A。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“当我们开始看不起自己的外表，并采取极端措施来获得我们梦想的身体时，我们就处于危险之中”可知，本段主要讲述的是青少年看不起自己的外表并采取极端措施获得梦想的身体时所产生的危害，即对外貌的过度关注可能导致的问题，因此下一段可能会讨论关于积极看待自己形象的重要性。由此推知，C选项“The importance of feeling positive about your image.(积极看待自己形象的重要性。)”符合题意。故选C。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究，该研究关注食物对人类健康和环境的影响，并将食物分为“绿色”“琥珀色”和“红色”三个区域，以此来指导人们做出更健康、更环保的饮食选择。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第五段“Many foods good for people's health were also relatively gentle on the environment.(许多有益于人们健康的食物对环境也相对温和。)”可知，最近研究可知，健康的食物往往对环境无害。故选C。 6.A　词句猜测题。根据第三段“some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar.(一些来自苹果的增加，一些来自黄油、面粉和糖的减少。)”可知，苹果增加了一些营养，黄油、面粉和糖减少了一些营养。所以，苹果派是中和的，中立的，无偏差的。画线词与balanced“均衡的”的意思相近。故选A。 7.D　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句到段末“毫不奇怪，豆类、蔬菜——不是温室里种植的蔬菜——以及一些可持续养殖的海鲜，如鲶鱼，都落入了他们所说的‘绿色’地带。‘琥珀色’区域食品，如牛奶、鸡蛋类食品和温室蔬菜，平衡了健康和环境成本。包括牛肉、猪肉、羊肉和加工肉类在内的‘红’区食品的健康和环境成本很高”可知，豆类和蔬菜处于“绿色”地带，健康和环境成本最低。故选D。 8.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘We don't all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight，’ he says. ‘Small changes can make big impacts.’(‘我们不必在一夜之间都吃素，’他说。‘微小的改变可以产生巨大的影响。’)”可知，Olivier Jolliet认为食物选择的微小改变可以带来很大的影响。故选A。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。 9.D　推理判断题。根据第二段“首先，垃圾食品通常很容易买到并随身携带。这种便利是吸引许多人的主要原因，尤其是那些总是在路上的人。像麦当劳和肯德基这样的餐厅可以在许多学校和工作场所外找到，在一分钟内提供饭菜。”可推知，提到麦当劳和肯德基是为了表明他们使垃圾食品很容易得到。故选D。 10.C　主旨大意题。根据第四段“第三，我们的祖先没有这么容易获得我们每天遇到的各种各样的食物。他们不像我们这样容易得到食物。因此，他们养成了尽可能多吃的习惯，以生存并保护自己免受恶劣的自然条件的影响。洞穴心态传给了我们，这让我们相信，无论我们吃得多么疯狂，我们都永远不会有足够的高糖和高脂肪的食物。”可知，第四段告诉我们，我们生来就吃得比我们需要的多。故选C。 11.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“此外，当我们过于担心和疲劳而无法放松时，我们的身体会产生皮质醇，这会增加血液中的糖含量，因此它可以作为能量来帮助脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢。此外，它还会增加饥饿感。这就是当我们想到不愉快的事物时，我们更喜欢高糖、高脂肪和高碳水化合物的食物，也就是不健康的食物。”可知，压力太大导致我们体内的糖含量增加。故选A。 12.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“尽管汉堡、薯片和薯条被认为是我们吃的最不健康的食物，但它们仍然是最受欢迎的食物。”结合文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是为什么我们这么喜欢不健康的食物。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了在当今忙碌快节奏的生活中，如何在家庭生活中建立平衡健康的饮食方式的一些建议。 1.E　根据上文“当你吃东西时，花时间真正注意你的食物——慢慢吃，不要分心。”以及下文“这也会带来更令人满足和健康的饮食体验”可知空格处应该陈述慢慢吃不分心的一个好处，also是提示词，E项“这种专注会培养对身体需求的深深尊重。”承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 2.A　空格处是小标题，根据下文“考虑制定鼓励在没有电视、手机或其他电子设备等干扰的情况下进食的指导方针。”可知，A 项“将进餐时间安排到日常生活中。”符合文意，引出下文建立相关进餐规则的内容，故选A。 3.F　根据上文“由于日程安排不同，找到一个共同的进餐时间可能具有挑战性。”以及下文“如果你更早感到饥饿，授权自己在感到需要时进食。”可知空格处应该陈述不能共同进餐的解决办法，F项“重要的是要灵活并尊重每个家庭成员的饮食偏好。”起到衔接作用，符合语境，故选F。 4.C　根据上文“灵活性有其美妙之处；当他们吃饭时，即使你自己不吃，你仍然可以通过一起坐在餐桌旁与所爱的人分享优质时光。”可知空格处叙述跟所爱的人坐在一起坐在餐桌旁的好处，C项“这种方法尊重你身体的需求，同时保持一起用餐的乐趣。”是对上文的进一步解释说明，符合语境，故选C。 5.D　根据上文“创建一个庆祝健康饮食的环境涉及家庭中的每个人。”可知空格处继续陈述让家庭中的每个人参与其中的目的，D项“By involving everyone, meals become a reflection of collective care and respect.(通过让每个人都参与进来，用餐成为集体关怀和尊重的反映。)”符合文意，involves everyone是同词复现，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”，对此人们发表了各自的看法。 1.Surprisingly　考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，最近杭州被戏称为“中国美食荒漠”。修饰后文句子应用副词surprisingly，首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。 2.opinions　考查名词的数。句意：在中国的社交媒体平台上，人们对杭州菜的味道有不同的看法。根据上文different可知opinion应用复数形式。故填opinions。 3.their　考查代词。句意：一些人认为杭州菜以口味温和而闻名，突出了食物的精致口感。修饰后文名词应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 4.of　考查介词。句意：一些人认为杭州菜以口味温和而闻名，突出了食物的精致口感。此处taste与food为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。 5.which/that　考查定语从句。句意：他们认为，杭州菜虽然不同于中国北方菜的浓重口味，但绝不逊色。定语从句修饰先行词northern Chinese cuisines，在从句作主语，指物，故填which/that。 6.is　考查时态。句意：他们认为，杭州菜虽然不同于中国北方菜的浓重口味，但绝不逊色。根据主句believe可知为一般现在时，从句主语为Hangzhou's cuisine，谓语用单数。故填is。 7.describing　考查非谓语动词。句意：相比之下，其他人则认为杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它们没有味道，并对该市最著名的菜西湖醋鱼提出了尖锐的批评，因为它的味道奇怪而令人不快。分析句子结构可知describe与逻辑主语others构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填describing。 8.unpleasant　考查形容词。句意：相比之下，其他人则认为杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它们没有味道，并对该市最著名的菜西湖醋鱼提出了尖锐的批评，因为它的味道奇怪而令人不快。根据上文“its strange and”可知，此处表示“令人不快的”应用形容词unpleasant，作定语。故填unpleasant。 9.a　考查冠词。句意：随着争论的继续，杭州作为美食目的地的声誉仍然是一个讨论的话题。此处topic为泛指“一个讨论的话题”，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 10.to accept　考查非谓语动词。句意：接受地域口味的多样性，享受不同地方烹饪的丰富性是非常重要的。此处为句型It's of great importance to do sth.表示“做某事非常重要”。故填to accept。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$