UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

[读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位推动社会发展的伟大科学家。 1.D　细节理解题。根据John von Neumann (1903—1957)中“Remarkably, he proposed a theory of global warming caused by human activity.(值得一提的是，他提出了人类活动导致全球变暖的理论。)”可知，是John von Neumann提出了关于环境问题的理论。故选D。 2.C　推理判断题。根据Isaac Newton中“he was one of the inventors of calculus...helped establish the field of classical mechanics.(牛顿是微积分的发明者之一，制造了第一架反射望远镜，并帮助建立了经典力学领域。)”、Emmy Noether中“Emmy Noether was a German mathematician particularly known for Noether's theorem, which establishes a fundamental connection in symmetries in physics.(埃米·诺特是德国数学家，尤其以诺特定理而闻名，该定理建立了物理学中对称的基本联系。)”、Carl Friedrich Gauss中“Carl Friedrich Gauss was born in a poor family in Germany and quickly showed himself to be a brilliant mathematician.(卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯出生于德国的一个贫困家庭，很快就显示出他是一位杰出的数学家。)”以及John von Neumann中“Before 1940, John von Neumann focused primarily on mathematics.(约翰·冯·诺依曼主要从事数学研究。)”可知，这四位科学家的共同点是：他们在数学方面有很高的造诣。故选C。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Our history is rich with remarkable scientists who helped advance the development of our society. Here are some of them.(我们历史上有许多杰出的科学家，他们帮助推动了社会的发展。以下是其中的几位。)”并结合全文理解可知，这篇文章主要介绍了四位杰出的科学家，因此可能出自关于人物介绍的文章。故选B。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了伟大的科学家Frank Wilczek以及他取得的成就。 4.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wilczek is known for his research into the laws of nature. ”可知，Frank Wilczek以在自然科学方面的研究而闻名。故选B。 5.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“the great questions of meaning and purpose(关于意义和目的的大问题)”和“by generations of religious thinkers.(被一代又一代的宗教思想家。)”可知，此处指“考虑重大问题”。所以画线词的意思是“仔细考虑”。故选C。 6.D　文章大意题。根据第五段中“Over a long career, Wilczek had many successes.”可知，关于Frank Wilezek，第5段关注的是他取得的成就。故选D。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Nobel Prize­winning theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek has been honored with this year's Templeton Prize. The award recognizes individuals whose life's work brings together science and spirituality.”可知，这篇文章是为了介绍一位伟大的科学家。故选B。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了针对高中生的一个实验，通过向学生们讲述伟大科学家的努力奋斗和克服困难的故事，来改变学生们认为科学成就是与先天能力相关联的想法。实验发现，听取科学家努力奋斗的故事对学生成绩有积极影响，并提高了学生与科学家的认同感。 8.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“这些学生中的许多人都很难想象自己是科学家，他们的担忧包括‘我不擅长科学’和‘即使我努力学习，我也做不好’。他们很容易把科学家的工作看作是天生的才能。”可知，学生不能把自己想象成科学家是因为他们担忧自己不擅长科学，以及他们认为即使自己努力了但是自己缺乏作为科学家的天生才能，由此可知，他们缺乏信心。故选B。 9.C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“在研究过程中，学生们阅读了关于爱因斯坦、居里夫人和法拉第的三种故事中的一种。”以及本段倒数第二句“生活奋斗故事：关于科学家如何在个人生活中奋斗的故事，例如面对贫困或缺乏家庭支持而不放弃。”以及最后一段第一句“研究人员发现，与对照组的学生相比，听过任何一种‘奋斗故事’的学生在干预后的科学成绩都有所提高。”可知，研究人员通过向学生们讲述“奋斗故事”，这样的故事最能激发学生。C选项“Marie Curie conducted the research mostly in a small, poorly built house.(居里夫人主要是在一个小而简陋的房子里进行研究的。)”属于克服困难和挑战，努力奋斗并成功的故事。故选C。 10.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“对他们来说，阅读奋斗故事的学生在科学课上的表现明显好于阅读成就故事的表现不佳的学生。”可知，阅读奋斗的故事对学生们产生的影响是显著的，因为这些学生在科学课上的表现明显好于阅读成就故事的表现不佳的学生。故画线词与A选项“Noticeable(明显的)”为同义词。故选A。 11.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“但对于高中生来说，更多地了解科学家的一些奋斗经历可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学。”以及最后一段最后一句“通过认识科学家的奋斗，并介绍他们为完成伟大的工作所应用的成长心态，学生们能够在科学家自己的奋斗中与他们产生共鸣。”可知，通过阅读科学家们的奋斗故事，增强了学生们对科学家们的认同感，能够在自己的科学研究上产生共鸣，更有动力学习科学，即有助于消除对科学工作的误解——依靠天赋。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功人士的一些日常好习惯。 1.G　上文提到读者可能想知道成功人士的好习惯是什么，且下文“Make a daily to­do list”“Work toward small milestones.”等段落列举了四个需要做的习惯，由此可推知，设空句应是起到承上启下的作用，衔接前文，也对后文段落有总结概括的作用。选项G“Luckily for you, I have some of the best ones to get you started right here.(幸运的是，我这里有一些最好的，可以让你从这里开始。)”中“Luckily for you”承接前文，“some of the best ones”呼应下文，符合语境分析。故选G。 2.B　上一句“Just how do they keep track of what needs doing in their personal and business life？”是一个问句，故设空会给出相应的回答，选项B“The answer is quite simple: a to­do list.(答案很简单：一张待办事项清单。)”符合分析，且句中“to­do list”呼应小标题“Make a daily to­do list.(列一个每天待办事项清单。)”。故选B。 3.A　设空句为该段的小标题，应是中心主旨句。根据下文内容“当你痛苦或生病时，追求成功比你健康和有能力时更具挑战性。成功人士知道健康的身体等于健康的思想。”可知，本段提到成功人士很注重健康，因为这是获得成功的必要条件，由此可推知，本段主要建议读者要摈弃久坐不动的生活方式，要动起来。选项A“Get active.(变得活跃，动起来。)”可以概括本段内容。故选A。 4.E　根据本段的小标题“Work toward small milestones.”可知，该段强调“小进步，小目标”的重要性。选项E“Your daily habit is to spend time on these small goals.(你的日常习惯是把时间花在这些小目标上。)”中“these small goals”呼应主题，且与上文“So while you should keep the big picture in mind, keep working toward the smaller goals, too.(所以，当你在脑海中保持大的画面时，也要朝着小的目标努力。)”在句意上衔接紧密。故选E。 5.C　根据本段小标题“Spend quality time with those who matter.(和重要的人共度美好时光。)”可知，本段强调的是成功人士的时间分配，因此，设空应该对标题句进行进一步的解释，即，成功人士除工作时间外，还有与重要的人的共度时间，选项C“Highly successful people don't just work.(成功人士不只是工作。)”在句意是对标题的解释，且句中“Highly successful people”与下文“They have people in their inner circle who matter to them.(他们的核心圈子里有对他们很重要的人。)”主语“They”相呼应。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大多数人都有想出新点子的创造力，这种创造力是成功的驱动力，其中教育水平并不重要，想象力和投入奉献精神是通往成功的道路。 1.or　考查连词。句意：它可以是任何东西：一个智能手机应用程序，一个改善教育的概念，或者一个帮助有需要的人的发明。结合句意可知，此处表示选择关系，用连词or“或者”，故填or。 2.to　考查介词。句意：从受过很少教育的人到受过高等教育的人，他们的心灵和思想必须充满想象力才能成功。from...to...“从……到……”，故填to。 3.be filled　考查被动语态。句意同上。主语their hearts and minds和动词fill之间是被动关系，此处使用被动语态，情态动词must后接动词原形，故填be filled。 4.who/that　考查定语从句。句意：这些人看待事物的方式与那些拥有一切的人不同。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系词代词who或that，故填who/that。 5.stronger　考查形容词比较级。句意：当有真正的需求时，创造和设计解决方案的动机甚至更强。结合句意及空前的even可知，此处表示“创造和设计解决方案的动机甚至更强”，使用形容词比较级，故填stronger。 6.Commitment　考查名词。句意：投入，而不是金钱，是通往成功的道路。空处应填名词作主语，commitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，首字母应大写，故填Commitment。 7.that　考查强调句型。句意：把想法变成现实的是奉献精神。此处是强调句型“It's＋被强调部分＋that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)＋其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语dedication，故填that。 8.the　考查冠词。句意：电灯泡的发明者托马斯·爱迪生就是一个致力于成功的完美例子。由of the light bulb可知，inventor表示特指，用定冠词修饰，故填the。 9.to invent　考查非谓语动词。句意：据《福布斯》杂志报道，爱迪生为了发明一个能工作的灯泡尝试了1 000多次。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to invent。 10.failing　考查非谓语动词。句意：当爱迪生被问及他对多次失败有何感想时，他回答说：“我没有失败1 000次。”空处作介词about的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填failing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·四川雅安高二上期中)Our history is rich with remarkable scientists who helped advance the development of our society. Here are some of them. Isaac Newton (1643—1727) Isaac Newton is considered by many to be the greatest scientist of all time. There weren't many subjects that Newton didn't have a significant impact on — he was one of the inventors of calculus， built the first reflecting telescope, and helped establish the field of classical mechanics. He was the first to divide white light into its component colors and he gave us the three laws of motion, now known as Newton's laws. Emmy Noether (1882—1935) Emmy Noether was a German mathematician particularly known for Noether's theorem, which establishes a fundamental connection in symmetries in physics. It is considered a milestone of modern theoretical physics. Her contributions are foundational in various branches of mathematics as well, such as abstract algebra, algebraic geometry and topology. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777—1855) Carl Friedrich Gauss was born in a poor family in Germany and quickly showed himself to be a brilliant mathematician. He published Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a foundational textbook that laid out the principles of number theory. Many of the advancements that we've made in using computers to solve problems are solved using number theory. Gauss was productive, and his work on number theory was just a small part of his contribution to math. John von Neumann (1903—1957) Before 1940, John von Neumann focused primarily on mathematics. Then he turned to its practical use, designing the structure of nearly every single computer today. Right now, whatever device that you are reading this on, whether a phone or computer, is cycling through a series of basic steps billions of times over each second, steps that were first thought up by John von Neumann. Remarkably, he proposed a theory of global warming caused by human activity. 1.Who put forward a theory about an environmental issue? A.Isaac Newton. B.Emmy Noether. C.Carl Friedrich Gauss. D.John von Neumann. 2.What do the four scientists have in common? A.They showed a gift for physics since young. B.They contributed a lot to the computer field. C.They were highly established in mathematics. D.They were from a similar family background. 3.In which part of a newspaper may the text appear? A.Environment. B.Figure. C.Culture. D.News. [二次精读] 重点单词 calculus /'kælkjələs/ n.　微积分 mechanics /mə'kænɪks/ n. 力学 component /kəm'pəʊnənt/ n. 组成部分，成分，部件 theorem /'θɪərəm/ n. [数]定理；原理 symmetry /'sɪmətri/ n. 对称(性) topology /tə'pɒlədʒi/ n. 拓扑学 propose /prə'pəʊz/ v. 提议，建议 重点短语 have a significant impact on　　　　　　对……产生深远影响 divide...into... 把……分割成 lay out 展示，陈列 语块积累 advance the development of our society　推动社会发展 the first reflecting telescope 第一台反射望远镜 make advancements in 取得进展 长难句分析 Right now, whatever device that you are reading this on, whether a phone or computer, is cycling through a series of basic steps billions of times over each second, steps that were first thought up by John von Neumann. 现在，无论你在什么设备上阅读这篇文章，无论是手机还是电脑，都在每秒几十亿次地循环着一系列基本步骤，这些步骤最初是由约翰·冯·诺伊曼提出的。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。whatever引导主语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词device，whether a phone or computer在句中作状语，逗号后steps作a series of basic steps的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词steps。 B (2024·甘肃甘南高二上期中)Nobel Prize­winning theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek has been honored with this year's Templeton Prize. The award recognizes individuals whose life's work brings together science and spirituality. Wilczek is known for his research into the laws of nature. In a statement, the John Templeton Foundation said his work changes “our understanding of the forces that govern our universe.” It said he used physics to address “the great questions of meaning and purpose pondered by generations of religious thinkers.” John Templeton created the prize in 1972. It is one of the most highly valued prizes at more than $1.3 million. Past winners include Jane Goodall, Mother Teresa and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Wilczek told The Associated Press, “It's a company I'm very glad to join in.” He added, “It's encouragement in a direction that I've really only taken up in a big way quite recently... which is thinking about not just what the world is and how it came to be this way but what we should do about it.” Over a long career, Wilczek had many successes. He won the 2004 Nobel Prize along with David J. Gross, and H. David Politzer for their 1973 research explaining the unusual properties of the strong force. Wilczek is currently a physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Arizona State University and Stockholm University. He is also the founding director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University's T. D.Lee Institute. He has also written several books that are informed by science but look into spiritual and philosophical questions. Heather Dill is the Templeton Foundation president. In a statement, she said, “Like Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein, he is a natural philosopher who unites a curiosity about the behavior of nature with a playful and profound philosophical mind.” 4.What is Frank Wilczek famous for? A.His long­time efforts in philosophy. B.His study in natural science. C.His gains in the chemical awards. D.His contribution in the field of art. 5.What does the underlined word “pondered” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Governed strictly. B.Designed seriously. C.Considered carefully. D.Abandoned completely. 6.What does paragraph 5 focus on concerning Frank Wilezek? A.His hobbies. B.His advantages. C.His expectations. D.His achievements. 7.What's the purpose of the text? A.To advertise a book. B.To introduce a great scientist. C.To explain the difference of two prizes. D.To stress the importance of science and philosophy. [二次精读] 重点单词 spirituality /ˌspɪrɪtʃu'æləti/ n.　灵性；精神性 address /ə'dres/ v. 处理，设法解决 profound /prə'faʊnd/ adj. (影响)深刻的，极大的 重点短语 be honored with　被授予……荣誉 take up 开始从事(某项活动) along with 除了某物或某人之外，还有其他的东西或其他人 look into 调查，研究 语块积累 the laws of nature　自然法则 one of the most highly valued prizes 最有价值的奖品之一 长难句分析 It's encouragement in a direction that I've really only taken up in a big way quite recently... which is thinking about not just what the world is and how it came to be this way but what we should do about it. 这是对我的鼓励，我最近才朝这个方向开始认真思考……那就是不仅要思考世界是什么，它是如何变成这样的，还要思考我们应该做些什么。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，which引导定语从句，修饰主句整句话内容，not just...but...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接由what、how和what引导的三个并列的宾语从句。 C (2024·重庆沙坪坝高二上期中)What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to 9th­and 10th­graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday.Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually，” such as making mistakes while addressing a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance after­intervention，compared to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom being exposed to struggling stories led to significantly better science­class performance than low­performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By recognizing a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles. 8.Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists according to the text? A.They lack interest in science. B.They are short of confidence. C.They don't have inborn talent. D.They don't work hard. 9.Which stories will probably motivate students most? A.Michael Faraday was interested in chemistry and physics from a young age. B.Marie Curie got involved in aiding soldiers of World War Ⅰ. C.Marie Curie conducted the research mostly in a small, poorly built house. D.Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize for his work with Theoretical Physics. 10.What does the underlined word “pronounced” mean in the last paragraph? A.Noticeable. B.Slight. C.Doubtful. D.Long­lasting. 11.What can we learn from the research? A.Science ability has nothing to do with talents. B.Inspirational stories ensure students to become scientists in the future. C.The intervention has helped clear up misunderstandings of scientific work. D.Low­performing students tend to feel more connected to scientists. [二次精读] 重点单词 cite /saɪt/ v.　引用；引证 intervention /ˌɪntə'venʃ(ə)n/ n. 干预，介入 intellectual /ˌɪntə'lektʃuəl/ adj. 智力的 coexisting /ˌkəʊɪɡ'zɪstɪ/ adj. 共存的 empathize /'empəθaɪz/v. 共情 重点短语 arise from 　起源于……；由……引起 depend on 依靠；依赖 rather than 而不是 compared to 与……相比 语块积累 pose that question　　提出那个问题 imagine themselves as scientists 把自己想象成科学家 feel more motivated to do 感觉更有动力做某事 in the face of poverty 面对贫穷 长难句分析 Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. 美国师范学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一项干预措施，通过向学生讲述有成就的科学家在科学研究中如何努力克服挑战的故事，改变学生们认为科学成就取决于能力而不是努力的观念。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词students' beliefs，by exposing是by＋doing结构，在句中作方式状语，how引导宾语从句。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·安徽高二上阶段练习)Highly successful people don't become successful overnight, and if they do, chances are that they don't stay at the top without good daily habits to keep them on track. You may ask what those daily habits are. __1__ Make a daily to­do list. Successful people are busy. Just how do they keep track of what needs doing in their personal and business life？__2__ You may stress about the small things, while you actually need to be focusing on the bigger responsibilities. So to help set you up for success, make a to­do list every day. 　　__3__ You may live a highly sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle, and this isn't good for your health. When you are in pain or sick, going after success becomes even more challenging than when you are healthy and able. Successful people know that a healthy body is equal to a healthy mind. So get moving. Choose the stairs, park further away and walk to the grocery store, or make sure you work out at least once a day. Work toward small milestones(里程碑). It's the small milestones that set you up to reach your goal or achieve success. So while you should keep the big picture in mind, keep working toward the smaller goals, too.__4__ If you want to write a novel, ensure you write 100—300 words a day. Spend quality time with those who matter. __5__They have people in their inner circle who matter to them. Quality time with your loved ones such as family and friends helps fill your cup and feed your soul, which gives you the strength to keep going and go after your dreams of success. A.Get active. B.The answer is quite simple: a to­do list. C.Highly successful people don't just work. D.Set small and practical health goals regularly. E.Your daily habit is to spend time on these small goals. F.I have a list of answers to your question for you to choose from. G.Luckily for you, I have some of the best ones to get you started right here. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·浙江杭州高二下期中)Most people have the creativity to come up with a new idea. It could be anything: a smartphone app, a concept to improve education, 1.________ an invention to help people in need. This creativity is the driving force needed to produce something and become a successful entrepreneur (企业家). Education levels do not matter in this case. From people with little education 2.________ those with advanced degrees, their hearts and minds must 3.________ (fill) with imagination in order to succeed. In fact, this essential element of imagination often thrives among people who have few resources. These people tend to look at things in a different way from those 4.________ have everything given to them. It may be easier to “think outside the box” when resources are not easily available. When there is a real need, the motivation to create and devise solutions is even 5.________(strong). 6.________(commit), not cash, is what leads to success. It is dedication 7.________ turns ideas into realities. Thomas Edison, 8.________ inventor of the light bulb, is the perfect example of someone who was committed to success. According to Forbes magazine, Edison tried over 1，000 times 9.________(invent) a working light bulb. When he was asked how he felt about 10.________ (fail) so many times, Edison responded, “I didn't fail 1，000 times. The light bulb was an invention with 1，000 steps.” Even if resources are not easily accessible, a committed entrepreneur will find a way to pursue his or her ideas. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$