UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·湖北高二上期中)Nobel Prizes for medicine, physics, chemistry, economy, literature as well as peace work are awarded every October, each recognizing an individual's or organization's remarkable contribution in a specific field. Here is a quick guide of this year's winners. Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman The two scientists contributed to the amazing rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier The trio are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons, making it possible for us to understand and control how electrons behave in a material. Narges Mohammadi The Iranian activist is awarded for her fight against the suffering of women in Iran and her fight to promote women's rights and freedom. Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov Awarded for their development of quantum(量子) dots, the three chemists really take people's breath away. These tiny particles can promote chemical reactions and their clear light can help doctors find harmful tissue in a patient's body. Jon Fosse The Norwegian playwriter touches on the deepest feelings that people have — anxieties，insecurities, questions of life and death — such things that every human being actually encounters. Claudia Goldin The Harvard professor helped us understand gender differences in the labour market and advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes. 1.Who wins Nobel Prize in Physics? A.Jon Fosse. B.Louis E. Brus. C.Ferenc Krausz. D.Drew Weissman. 2.What do Narges Mohammadi and Claudia Goldin have in common? A.They speak up for women. B.They support workers' rights. C.They provide job opportunities. D.They promote economy development. 3.Where is the text most probably from? A.A brochure. B.A medical report. C.A newspaper. D.A science fiction. [二次精读] 重点单词 specific /spə'sɪfɪk/ adj.　明确的，具体的；特定的 vaccine /'væksiːn/ n. 疫苗 electron /ɪ'lektrɒn/ n. 电子 insecurity /ˌɪnsɪ'kjʊərəti/ n. 不安全，无把握 encounter /ɪn'kaʊntə(r)/ vt. 遭遇；遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)；与……邂逅n. 偶遇，邂逅 gender /'dʒendə(r)/ n. 性别 重点短语 as well as　和；也；还有 be awarded for 因……而获得奖励 语块积累 one of the greatest threats to human health　人类健康的最大威胁之一 take people's breath away 让人叹为观止 长难句分析 The trio are recognized for giving humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons, making it possible for us to understand and control how electrons behave in a material. 这三人被认为为人类提供了探索电子世界的新工具，使我们有可能理解和控制电子在材料中的行为。 【分析】　主句The trio are recognized...of electrons中to explore the world of electrons是不定式作后置定语，修饰new tools，making it possible for us to understand and control是现在分词作状语，表示顺其自然的结果，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，how引导宾语从句，作动词control的宾语。 B (2024·河南驻马店高二上期末)Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. In 1580, Galilei entered the University of Pisa to study medicine. Armed with unusual intelligence and drive, he soon became interested in many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. While at the University of Pisa, Galilei was exposed to the Aristotelian view of the world, the only one approved by the Roman Catholic Church at that time. At first, Galilei also supported this view, like any other person of his time. In 1589, Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. And he made his famous experiments with falling objects there. Then Galilei began to write about his discovery of the falling objects, which was against the Aristotelian theory. For that reason he lost his job at the University of Pisa in 1592. But Galilei continued his scientific study. In July 1609, Galilei learned about a simple telescope made by Dutch eyeglass makers and soon developed one of his own. In August, he showed it to some Venetian businessmen who saw its usefulness in sailing and spotting ships. They gave Galilei a salary and asked him to make several telescopes for them. Galilei's ambition pushed him to go further. In the fall of 1609, he turned his telescope towards space. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe. In January 1610, he discovered four moons moving around Jupiter. He also found that the telescope showed much more stars than the naked eye could see. These discoveries were startling,_and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries. Galilei's great contributions to our understanding of the universe include not only his discoveries, but also the methods he developed and the use of mathematics to prove them. 4.Which subject was Galilei most interested in while he was at university? A.Medicine. B.Physics. C.Chemistry. D.Philosophy. 5.Why did Galilei lose his job at the University of Pisa? A.His teaching method failed to attract his students. B.His relationship with other professors wasn't good. C.His scientific discovery wasn't supported by some people. D.His potential related to science wasn't fully developed then. 6.What does the underlined word “startling” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Surprising. B.Unwelcome. C.Terrible. D.Encouraging. 7.Which of the following words can be used to describe Galilei? A.Enthusiastic. B.Determined. C.Courageous. D.All the above. [二次精读] 重点单词 approve /ə'pruːv/ v.　同意，赞成；批准 telescope /'telɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜 naked /'neɪkɪd/ adj. 裸露的；肉眼的 重点短语 armed with　　装备有 be exposed to 接触到，暴露于 be against 反对；违背 语块积累 be appointed to the chair of mathematics 　　被任命为数学教授 give Galilei a salary 给伽利略一笔薪水 push him to go further 推动他走得更远 长难句分析 Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galilei observed the Moon and proved the planet Venus moved around the Sun, which was against the Aristotelian theory that the Earth was the centre of the universe. 伽利略用他的望远镜探索宇宙，观察了月球，证明了金星绕着太阳移动，这与亚里士多德关于地球是宇宙中心的理论是相反的。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。Using his telescope to explore the universe是现在分词短语作状语，the planet Venus moved around the Sun是省略that的宾语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the planet Venus moved around the Sun，that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词 the Aristotelian theory。 【背景知识】 Sidereus Nuncius《星际使者》，也译为《星空信使》等。作者为意大利著名科学家、被誉为“近代科学之父”的伽利略·伽利雷。1610年，伽利略宣告了一系列最大的天文学发现。他在人类历史上首次把望远镜对准天体。在1609—1610年的天文发现后不久，伽利略就在著名的《星际使者》中写下了望远镜发现的历程。 C (2024·浙江绍兴高二上期中)Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. A certain scientist had discovered that a metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiation, which Marie Curie was later to call radioactivity. But where did this radiation come from, and what was it like? This was what she set out to discover. She did experiment after experiment. All seemed to prove that in the mineral which she was examining there was some source of radiation which man knew nothing about. At this time her husband left his own laboratory work, in which he had been very successful, and joined her in her research for this unknown radiation. In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation. To this something, still unseen, they gave the name radium. There was an old building at the back of the university, where Pierre Curie had been working. Its walls and roof were made of wood and glass. There were some old tables, a blackboard, and an old stove. It was not much better than a shed, and no one else seemed to want it. The Curies moved in and set up their laboratory and workshops. Here for four difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. They believed that radium was hidden somewhere in the mass of mineral dirt which was sent to them from far away. But where? Then, one evening in 1902, as husband and wife sat together in their home, Marie Curie said: “Let's go down there for a moment.” It was nine o'clock and they had been “down there” only two hours before. But they put on their coats and were soon walking along the street to the shed. Pierre turned the key in the lock and opened the door. “Don't light the lamps，” said Marie, and they stood there in the darkness. “Look! ... Look！” And there，glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test­tubes on the tables, was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find: Radium. 8.What words can be used to describe Madame Curie according to the passage? A.Rich and generous. B.Energetic but stubborn. C.Committed and patient. D.Popular and confident. 9.What's the main idea of the text? A.How Madame Curie discovered the element radium. B.How Madame Curie fell in love with Pierre Curie. C.What contributions Madame Curie made to help her country. D.What sacrifice Pierre made to help Madame Curie achieve success. 10.What contributed most to the discovery of the element radium? A.The advanced equipment in the laboratory. B.The fund raised by the government for the experiment. C.Madame Curie's four years of hard work with her husband. D.The challenges and doubts from other scientists. 11.Where is the passage probably taken from? A.A book review. B.A science report. C.A history magazine. D.A biography. [二次精读] 重点单词 uranium /ju'reɪniəm/ n.　(化学元素)铀 shed /ʃed/ n. 棚屋，小屋 calculate /'kælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算，核算 mysterious /mɪ'stɪəriəs/ adj. 不可思议的，难以理解的 重点短语 give off　　发出 set out to do 着手做某事 give out 发出，散发 be made of 由……制成 语块积累 in the mass of mineral dirt　　在大量的矿物污垢中 turn the key in the lock 插钥匙开锁 glow with a faint blue light 发出微弱的蓝光 长难句分析 All seemed to prove that in the mineral which she was examining there was some source of radiation which man knew nothing about. 这一切似乎都证明，在她正在检查的矿物中，有某种人类所不知道的辐射源。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，第一个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词mineral，第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词some source of radiation。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河北石家庄高二下期中)Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that __1__ the minds of millions of people worldwide. Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early__2___. Her courage as a researcher comes from her ___3___,_who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by __4__ to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar's father __5__ her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his ___6__， fashioning devices to make home life more ___7___,_including an electricity­free washing machine. “That got me very ___8___ in science and technology，” Sarkar says. After__9___ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar __10__ California to study nanoclectronics. There, she tested new ways to __11__ nanodevices that could reduce the amount of __12__ consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. __13__， she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the__14___,_which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are __15__， but we could be better than what we are，” she says. 1.A.enrich B.read C.affect D.poison 2.A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations 3.A.aunt B.mother C.sister D.grandmother 4.A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting 5.A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported 6.A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion 7.A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful 8.A.interested B.honest C.lucky D.disappointed 9.A.starting B.earning C.needing D.introducing 10.A.adapted to B.related to C.headed to D.belonged to 11.A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell 12.A.water B.money C.power D.time 13.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately C.Obviously D.Eventually 14.A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion 15.A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ [读与练·阅读限时训练二] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年诺贝尔奖获奖者的事迹。 1.C　推理判断题。根据Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier中“这三人被认为为人类提供了探索电子世界的新工具，使我们有可能理解和控制电子在材料中的行为。”可知，这三位获奖者研究电子，由此可推知是他们获得物理奖，所以Ferenc Krausz获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。故选C。 2.A　细节理解题。根据Narges Mohammadi中“这位伊朗活动人士因与伊朗妇女的苦难作斗争以及为促进妇女权利和自由而斗争而获奖。”以及Claudia Goldin中“这位哈佛教授帮助我们理解了劳动力市场中的性别差异，并加深了我们对女性劳动力市场结果的理解。”可知，Narges Mohammadi和Claudia Goldin二人的共同之处是他们都为女性发声。故选A。 3.C　推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“诺贝尔医学奖、物理学奖、化学奖、经济学奖、文学奖以及和平奖每年10月颁发，每一项都是为了表彰在某一特定领域做出杰出贡献的个人或组织。以下是今年获奖者的快速指南。”可知，本文简介了今年的六位获奖者；由此推知，这篇文章可能来自一份报纸。故选C。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利科学家伽利略的生平事迹以及主要成就。 4.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“1580年，伽利略进入比萨大学学习医学。他拥有非凡的智慧和动力，很快就对许多学科产生了兴趣，尤其是数学和物理。”可知，伽利略在大学时对数学和物理最感兴趣。故选B。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“1589年，伽利略被任命为比萨大学的数学教授。他在那里做了著名的落物实验。然后伽利略开始写他关于落体的发现，这与亚里士多德的理论相悖。因此，他于1592年失去了在比萨大学的工作。但是伽利略继续他的科学研究。”可知，伽利略在比萨大学丢了工作是因为他的科学发现没有得到一些人的支持。故选C。 6.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前一句“他还发现，望远镜所显示的恒星比肉眼所能看到的要多得多。”以及画线单词句中“...and Galilei quickly produced Sidereus Nuncius, in which he described these amazing discoveries.(伽利略很快就写出了《星际使者》，在书中他描述了这些惊人的发现。)”可知，此处为这些发现令人震惊。故可猜测画线单词startling为“惊人的”意思，结合选项，A项Surprising“令人惊讶的”与其意思一致。故选A。 7.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“他拥有非凡的智慧和动力，很快就对许多学科产生了兴趣，尤其是数学和物理。”以及第二段中“因此，他于1592年失去了在比萨大学的工作。但是伽利略继续他的科学研究。”和倒数第二段前两句“伽利略的野心促使他走得更远。1609年秋天，他把望远镜对准了太空。”可推知，伽利略是充满热情，有决心且勇敢的一个人。故选D。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是居里夫人是如何发现镭元素的。 8.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“她做了一个又一个实验。这一切似乎都证明，在她正在检查的矿物中，有某种人类所不知道的辐射源”以及第四段倒数第二、三句“在这艰难的四年里，他们竭尽所能地工作，称重、煮沸、测量、计算、思考。他们相信镭藏在从遥远的地方送来的矿物泥土中”可推知，居里夫人非常尽心尽力和有耐心。故选C。 9.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“人们将永远铭记居里夫人是镭元素的发现者”以及后文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是居里夫人是如何发现镭元素的。故选A。 10.C　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二、三句“在这艰难的四年里，他们竭尽所能地工作，称重、煮沸、测量、计算、思考。他们相信镭藏在从遥远的地方送来的矿物泥土中”可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫四年的辛勤工作对镭元素的发现贡献最大。故选C。 11.D　 推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及后文介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是居里夫人是如何发现镭元素的。由此推知，文章可能来自一本传记。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历及其所取得的成就。 1.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在研究影响全世界数百万人思想的脑部疾病。A.enrich使丰富；B.read阅读；C.affect影响；D.poison毒害。根据常识和下文中的“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons(神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，由此可推断，她现在从事的研究应该是会“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病方面。故选C。 2.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。A.birds鸟；B.researchers研究者；C.failures失败；D.inspirations灵感。根据下文中的“Her courage as a researcher comes from... to fund her own education.”以及“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father __5___ her interest in engineering.”可知，她母亲打破常规为她提供教育基金，而她的父亲让她对工程学产生兴趣，由此可推断，此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自父母。故选D。 3.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，靠打工为自己的教育提供资金。A.aunt姑妈；B.mother母亲；C.sister姐妹；D.grandmother祖母。根据上文中的“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early __2___ .” 可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自父母，结合下文中的“who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by __4___ to fund her own education.”可知，此处指的是她的“母亲”。故选B。 4.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，靠打工为自己的教育提供资金。A.working工作；B.pretending假装；C.refusing拒绝；D.waiting等待。根据下文中的“to fund her own education.”可知，母亲要为她自己获取教育基金，所以此处指的是“工作”符合语境。故选A。 5.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。A.protected保护；B.switched改变，转变；C.stimulated刺激；D.supported支持。根据上文中的“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early__2__.”可知，她认为她早年的灵感源自父母，所以此处应指的是她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。故选C。 6.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲为自己的爱好腾出时间，设计各种设备，使家庭生活更方便，包括一台无电洗衣机。A.job工作；B.holiday假期；C.discomfort不适；D.passion激情。根据上文中的“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father__5__ her interest in engineering.”可知，父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣，所以此处指的是萨卡尔回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学产生兴趣的，所以此处指的是“爱好”符合语境。故选D。 7.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲为自己的激情找时间，设计各种设备，使家庭生活更方便，包括一台无电洗衣机。A.complex复杂的；B.convenient方便的；C.peaceful平静的；D.meaningful有意义的。根据下文中的“including an electricity­free washing machine.”可知，父亲设计了很多设备，包括一台无电洗衣机，由此可推断，此处指的使设计的这些设备能使家庭生活“方便”。故选B。 8.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让我对科学技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Sarkar说。A.interested感兴趣的；B.honest诚实的；C.lucky幸运的；D.disappointed失望的。根据上文中的“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father __5__ her interest in engineering.”可知，父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣，所以此处指的是萨卡尔回忆父亲是如何让她对工程学 “感兴趣的”。故选A。 9.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A.starting开始；B.earning获得；C.needing需要；D.introducing介绍。根据常识和下文中的“Sarkar__10__ California to study nanoclectronics.”可知，萨卡尔去加州学习纳米电子学，由此可推断，萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工程学士学位后。故选B。 10.C　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A.adapted to适应；B.related to相关；C.headed to朝……前进；D.belonged to属于。根据上文中的“After __9__ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad，”可知，萨卡尔在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，结合下文中的“California to study nanoclectronics.”可知，她去了加州学习纳米电子学，所以此处应为“前往”符合语境。故选C。 11.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品的耗电量。A.create创造；B.fix修理；C.operate操作；D.sell售卖。根据上文中的“There, she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔在加州测试新方法，由此可推断，此处应为“制造”纳米器件，符合语境。故选A。 12.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品的耗电量。A.water水；B.money金钱；C.power电；D.time时间。根据常识和下文中的“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知，电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的，所以此处指的是制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品的消耗的“电”量。故选C。 13.D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她通过开发一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Immediately立刻；C.Obviously显而易见地；D.Eventually最终。根据语境以及下文中的“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知，她开发了一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破，由此可知，此处应是经过不懈努力后，“最终”取得突破。故选D。 14.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此过程中，萨卡尔开始对大脑着迷，她称之为“最低能量的计算机”。A.computer电脑；B.brain大脑；C.exercise练习；D.fashion时尚。根据下文中的“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知，她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间，以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度，以及空后的“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’”可知，被称为“最低能量的计算机”应该是大脑，所以，此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B。 15.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的大脑是非凡的，但我们可以做得更好。”她说。A.empty空的；B.busy忙的；C.relaxed放松的；D.remarkable非凡的。根据常识和下文中的“but we could be better than what we are.”可知，我们可以比我们现在做得更好，由此可知，我们的大脑应是“非凡的”符合语境。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$