UNIT1 读与练·阅读限时训练一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

参 考 答 案 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS [读与练·阅读限时训练一] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项名为“我是科学家”的项目以及参与该项目的一些科学家的故事。 1.C　细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段和Noor Al­Alusi, Epidemiologist部分中“I have a black belt in Taekwondo(跆拳道).”和Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist部分中“I'm a huge sports fan. I've traveled to more than 40 countries. I'm a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer.”以及Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist部分中“I once competed in a robot competition. I love Beyonce. I love cooking.”可知，文章介绍了参与该项目的一些科学家的个人爱好。由此可知，通过这个项目，学生们能了解科学家的个人兴趣。故选C。 2.B　细节理解题。根据Noor Al­Alusi, Epidemiologist部分中“Her work: During the Zika epidemic, Al­Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy.”可知，Noor Al­Alusi的工作是利用数据和数学模型来对抗病毒。故选B。 3.A　推理判断题。根据第一段“A project called ‘I Am A Scientist’ is giving middle and high school students the opportunity to interact with modern­day researchers. Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program.”可推知，这篇文章很可能来自一本杂志。故选A。 B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要写了著名的科学家霍金用科学的幽默来对待自己的生活，他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。 4.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，教皇约翰否定万有引力，却被万有引力定律的影响杀死了，霍金之所以在他的书中提到教皇约翰，是想以这种幽默的方式向大众展示物理学。故选C。 5.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句“但霍金克服困难，就好像它只是他轮椅下的一块石头。他曾经说过：‘如果生活不有趣，那它就是悲剧。’”可知，霍金虽然身处逆境，但他对生活的态度是乐观积极的。故选B。 6.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一、二句“霍金也许是世界上最著名的科学家之一。但幽默一直是霍金努力将物理学带给大众的重要组成部分。”，第三段第一句“所以霍金会讲笑话。”和最后一段最后一句“毕竟，他从不错过任何一个玩乐的机会。 ”可知，本文讲述了著名科学家霍金幽默的一面。他把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。因此推断A项“霍金幽默的一面”为最佳标题。故选A。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予麻省理工学院的Moungi G. Bawendi、哥伦比亚大学的Louis E. Brus和纽约纳米晶体技术公司的Alexei I. Ekimov，以表彰他们发现和发展量子点。文章介绍了他们的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“在周三凌晨的新闻发布会上，记者通过电话联系到了巴文迪，他给出了一连串的反应： ‘震惊。困了。非常意外。我非常荣幸。’”可知，在周三清晨接到电话时，Bawendi感到惊讶。故选B。 8.A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“例如，蓝色量子点和红色量子点可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的区别是粒子本身的大小”可知，粒子的大小导致了蓝色量子点和红色量子点之间颜色的差异。故选A。 9.D　词句猜测题。根据画线词前“这三位科学家将平分1 100万瑞典克朗(接近995 000美元)的奖金”可知，2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予麻省理工学院的Moungi G. Bawendi、哥伦比亚大学的Louis E. Brus和纽约纳米晶体技术公司的Alexei I. Ekimov，这三位科学家将平分1 100万瑞典克朗(接近995 000美元)的奖金。故This指的是2023年诺贝尔化学奖。故选D。 10.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“2023年诺贝尔化学奖被授予麻省理工学院的Moungi G.Bawendi、哥伦比亚大学的Louis E. Brus和纽约纳米晶体技术公司的Alexei I. Ekimov，以表彰他们发现和发展量子点”结合文章介绍了他们的研究以及其他奖项的获得情况。可推断，本文是一篇新闻报道。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历，论述了在通向成功的路上坚持不懈的重要性。 1.F　根据下文可知，此处说明人的成功在于完成最难的任务，F项“第一次尝试容易完成的任务无疑是非常容易的”与下文为转折关系，话题与tasks的难易有关，故选F。 2.B　根据上文可知，此处说明了毅力和努力是人生成功的必要条件，B项“这是人生成功的唯一先决条件”能够衔接上文，B项中的it指代上文中“毅力和努力”这一必要条件，上下文衔接连贯，故选B。 3.G　根据上文可知，尽管牛顿的12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁了，G项“通过多年的努力和坚持不懈，他能够再次做到这一点”能够衔接上文，G项中的He指代上文的“the world­famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton，do it again”与前文呼应，在又一次的多年努力和坚持下，他取得了成果，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G。 4.E　根据下文可知，此处提到的人物是个航海家，E项“哥伦布给我们留下了一个坚持不懈的冒险故事”符合本段语境，下文中的He指代F项中的Columbus，下文阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历以及意义，上下文连贯顺畅，故选E。 5.D　根据上文可知，此处说明成就大事业的伟人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力，D项“他们的成功将永远是我们的完美榜样”能够衔接上文，D项中的Their指代上文中的All the great men，上下文衔接连贯，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述2023年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予了一组科学家，他们创造了一项突破性的技术，利用激光来理解电子的极快速运动，这在以前被认为是不可能的。 1.previously　考查副词。句意：2023年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予了一组科学家，他们创造了一项突破性的技术，利用激光来理解电子的极快速运动，这在以前被认为是不可能的。空处修饰动词“thought”，应用副词形式，故填previously。 2.be used　考查动词语态。句意：周二，诺贝尔委员会在斯德哥尔摩宣布这一奖项时表示，Pierre Agostini、Ferenc Krausz和Anne L' Huillier “展示了一种制造极短光脉冲的方法，这种脉冲可以用来测量电子移动或能量变化的快速过程。”分析句子可知，that引导定语从句，指代先行词“pulses(脉冲) of light”，和动词use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填be used。 3.praised　考查动词时态。句意：它称赞这些获奖者为“人类探索原子和分子内部电子世界提供了新工具”。结合上下文可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填praised。 4.exploring　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填exploring。 5.So　考查固定句型。句意：电子在原子和分子内的运动是如此之快，以至于它们的测量单位是阿秒——一个几乎短得令人难以理解的时间单位。结合句意可知，此处是“so... that...”引导的结果状语从句，首字母应大写，故填So。 6.an　考查冠词。句意同上。unit是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且almost是以元音音素开头，应用an，故填an。 7.gathering　查名词。句意：美国物理学会主席、芝加哥大学教授Bob Rosner在接受CNN采访时表示：“从某种意义上说，它们能够提供一种照明工具，让我们能够观察分子的聚集：物质是如何聚集在一起形成分子的。”结合空前的“the”可知，空处应填名词作动词watch的宾语，gathering“聚集”，不可数名词，故填gathering。 8.to make　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，作目的状语，故填to make。 9.what　考查宾语从句。句意：这些运动“发生得非常快，通常我们不知道它们是如何发生的，也不知道事件的顺序是什么，” Rosner说。分析句子可知，空处和“how they actually occur”并列，引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作表语，指“事件的顺序是什么”，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 10.means　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但他们的工作意味着科学家们现在可以观察到这些运动是如何发生的，他补充说。句子是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语work是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填means。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·浙江绍兴高二上期末)A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving middle and high school students the opportunity to interact with modern­day researchers. Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program. Noor Al­Alusi, Epidemiologist “I have a black belt in Taekwondo(跆拳道). I am driven by a deep desire to help others. I believe that all people have a fundamental right to health care.” Her work: During the Zika epidemic, Al­Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy. Background: Al­Alusi was born in California but her parents emigrated from Iraq. This experience provided her with an understanding of the health needs of the immigrant community. Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist “I'm a huge sports fan. I've traveled to more than 40 countries. I'm a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer. I hated science in high school.” His work: Amamoto studies the tiny but amazing brains of animals that have a superpower — the ability to regenerate. He learns what factors help these special brains regrow, so that we can try to treat diseases like Parkinson's. Background: Amamoto lived in Japan until the age of eight, when his family moved to Chicago. He had to overcome major language barriers which saw him shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home. Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist “I once competed in a robot competition. I love Beyonce. I love cooking. I'm a doctor who studies ways to improve women's health.” Her work: Connor is a doctor at a hospital in Boston where she studies cancer cells in a lab using microscopes and computers, but she also works directly with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. Background: Growing up in Florida, Connor was a serious kid who stressed about the little things. She was into her schoolwork and loved to put on plays with her friends in which she would organize the whole thing and assign everyone a role. 1.What can the students know about the scientists through the program? A.Their education experience. B.Their gender and religion. C.Their personal interests. D.Their career planning. 2.What is Noor Al­Alusi's job? A.Studying amazing brains which can regrow. B.Using data and mathematical models to fight against viruses. C.Understanding the health needs of the immigrant community. D.Working with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. 3.Where is the passage probably from? A.A magazine. B.Award words. C.A science paper. D.A health website. [二次精读] 重点单词 epidemiologist /ˌepɪˌdiːmi'ɒlədʒɪst/ n.　流行病学家 fundamental /ˌfʌndə'ment(ə)l/ adj. 根本的，基本的 emigrate /'emɪɡreɪt/ v. 移居外国，移民 neurobiologist /njʊərəʊbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ/ n. 神经生物学家 regenerate /rɪ'dʒenəreɪt/ vt. 使再生；革新 undergo /ˌʌndə'ɡəʊ/ v. 经历，经受 重点短语 so that　以便 stress about 对……感到紧张或焦虑 be into sth 喜欢；对……感兴趣 语块积累 be driven by　为……所驱使 keep them safe and healthy 保持他们的安全和健康 overcome major language barriers 克服主要的语言障碍 put on plays 上演戏剧 长难句分析 Below are stories from some of the scientists who are involved in the program. 以下是参与该项目的一些科学家的故事。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。主句是副词置于句首构成的完全倒装结构，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists。 B (2024·重庆万州高二下期中)Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in the world. But humor was always a big part of Hawking's effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he describes how, in 1277, the religious government declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against their belief. “Interestingly，” the text adds in a humorous way, “the religious leader was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months later when the roof of his palace fell in on him. ” Hawking was only 21 when he was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis — ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化). For most people, the condition would have been a disaster. But Hawking rolled over difficulty as if it were just a rock under his wheelchair. “Life would be ，” he once said, “if it weren't funny.” So Hawking made jokes.There was the time when talk show host John Oliver asked him about parallel universes. “Does that mean there is a universe out there where I am smarter than you？” Oliver joked. Hawking's dry reply: “Yes. And also a universe where you're funny.” Hawking liked physical humor too. He reportedly enjoyed wheeling his chair over the feet of people who annoyed him, including Prince Charles. “A malicious rumor，” Hawking said. “I'll run over anyone who repeats it.” Hawking's greatest hit, humor­wise, was probably the cocktail party he held in 2009. It was a “welcome reception for future time travelers，” he said, so naturally he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party，” Hawking explained. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun. 4.Why did Hawking mention the death of the religious leader in his book The Grand Design? A.To enhance the credibility of his book. B.To show the result of going against science. C.To illustrate the law of gravity humorously. D.To question the power of the religious government. 5.What's Hawking's attitude towards his bad luck in life? A.Indifferent. B.Positive. C.Ambiguous. D.Confused. 6.What can be the best title of this text? A.The Humorous Side of Hawking B.Great Achievements of Hawking C.A Party with No One Attending D.The Personal Life of Hawking [二次精读] 重点单词 religious /rɪ'lɪdʒəs/ adj.宗教的，与宗教相关的 declare /dɪ'kleə(r)/ v. 宣布，声明 parallel /'pærəlel/ adj. 平行的 malicious /mə'lɪʃəs/ adj. 恶意的 重点短语 be diagnosed with　被诊断患有…… roll over difficulty 克服困难 run over 撞倒并碾过 show up 出现；露面 after all 毕竟；终究 语块积累 the masses　大众 against their belief 违背他们的信仰 the law of gravity 万有引力定律 send out the invitations 发出邀请 长难句分析 There was the time when talk show host John Oliver asked him about parallel universes. 曾经有脱口秀主持人约翰·奥利弗问他关于平行宇宙的问题。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the time，并在定语从句中作状语。 【背景知识】 The Grand Design《大设计》是英国物理学家史蒂芬·霍金创作的科学和哲学著作，由美国理论物理学家列纳德·蒙洛迪诺协助完成，英文原版于2010年8月出版，中译本于2011年初面世。 该书探讨了多重宇宙、多历史演化、虚时间等许多深刻的物理问题，并进而探讨了人们“何以存在”等带有哲学思辨的问题。霍金从若干充满智慧的角度来审视宇宙，展望科学的未来、人类的未来。 该书是霍金在《时间简史》之后最重要的著作，它凝结了作者自《时间简史》出版以来20多年间对科学和哲学的探索成果，以及对这些学科的未来展望。 C (2024·安徽芜湖高二上期中)The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Louis E. Brus of Columbia University, and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots (量子点). The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery, according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio­imaging. Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning, Bawendi offered a stream of reactions: “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.” In a rare event, the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep, so he didn't hear anything about it. Quantum dots are particles that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example, blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material, with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. (The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.) In fact, changing the size can alter many different properties beyond just color, which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications, including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight. The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor (close to $995，000) in equal parts. This is the third science­focused Nobel Prize to be awarded this week. On Tuesday, the physics prize was awarded to Anne L' Huillier, Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday, Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine. Officials plan to announce the literature prize on Thursday, followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize will be awarded on Monday. 7.How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning? A.Angry. B.Surprised. C.Bored. D.Sorry. 8.What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones? A.The size of the particles. B.The difference in materials. C.The change in shapes. D.The variety of applications. 9.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 7 refer to? A.The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics. B.The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine. C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature. D.The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 10.What is the text? A.A short story. B.A diary entry. C.A news report. D.A research article. [二次精读] 重点单词 leak /liːk/ v.　泄露，透露 particle /'pɑːtɪk(ə)l/ n. 粒子 property /'prɒpəti/ n. 特性 alter /'ɔːltə(r)/ v. 改变 重点短语 be awarded to　被授予 be made from 由……制成 close to 几乎，差不多 语块积累 Massachusetts Institute of Technology　麻省理工学院 a press conference 新闻发布会 sound asleep 酣睡 长难句分析 In fact, changing the size can alter many different properties beyond just color, which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications, including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight. 事实上，改变尺寸可以改变除颜色之外的许多不同的特性，这意味着量子点对各种应用都很有用，包括建造更好的太阳能电池板，甚至可能利用阳光创造燃料。 【分析】　这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句的整句话内容，介词including后接两个并列的动名词短语作宾语。 Ⅱ.七选五 Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do. Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged. Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done. __1__ But the reality is that man's success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. It is because our life is complicated and tough. And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must. __2__ We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man's success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do. What the world­famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years' constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little.___3__ It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries. __4__ He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever. All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance.__5__ If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful nation in the near future. A.Every action has its reaction. B.It is a unique precondition to success in life. C.In human life, perseverance plays a very important role. D.Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us. E.Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance. F.The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy. G.He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·山东临沂高二上期中)The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to a team of scientists who created a ground­breaking technique using lasers (激光) to understand the extremely rapid movements of electrons, which were 1.________(previous) thought impossible to follow. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L' Huillier “demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses(脉冲) of light that can 2.________(use) to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy，” the Nobel committee said when the prize was announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. It 3.________(praise) the winners for giving “humanity new tools for 4.________(explore) the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules (分子).” 5.________ rapid are the movements of electrons inside atoms and molecules that they are measured in attoseconds— 6.________ almost incomprehensibly short unit of time. “An attosecond is to one second as one second is to the age of the universe，” the committee explained. “They were able to, in a sense, provide an illumination(照明) tool that allows us to watch the 7.________ (gather) of molecules: How things come together 8.________(make) a molecule，” Bob Rosner, president of the American Physical Society and a professor at the University of Chicago, told CNN. The movements “happen very quickly and normally we have no idea how they actually occur or 9.________ the order of events is，” said Rosner. But their work 10.________ (mean) scientists can now observe how these movements happen, he added. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$