UNIT1 单元话题阅读二（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

(材料选自译林版新教材必修第三册Unit 4) ◎ Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 [1]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria②， one of the deadliest③ diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival④. [1]本句为简单句。其中to receive a Nobel Prize为动词不定式短语作定语；awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria为动词­ed形式短语作定语；one of the deadliest diseases in human history 为名词短语作同位语，解释说明malaria。 Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province⑤， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine⑥. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, [2] acquiring a broad⑦ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. [2]句中acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine为动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，动词acquire与其逻辑主语she之间为主谓关系。 Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑧ to find a cure for the disease. She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes⑨ for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑩ from different herbs⑪. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to⑫ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. [3]Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments⑬ and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures⑭， she succeeded in⑮ making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. [3]句中Inspired by an over 1, 600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water为动词­ed形式短语作原因状语。 [4]However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials⑯ because research resources were limited⑰. Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers⑱. They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up. [4]本句为复合句。it是形式主语，动词不定式短语to produce...trials是真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句。 [5]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed⑲ because they did not have sufficient⑳ safety dataB21.[6]To speed upB22 the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. [5]句中with复合结构(with＋名词＋动词­ed形式)作状语。 [6]句中动词不定式短语To speed up the process and ensure its safety作目的状语。 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid offB23. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, [7]drawing on the wisdomB24of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficialB25 to global health care. [7]句中drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine为动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词scientists，相当于定语从句which drew on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine。 ◎ ①republic /rɪ'pʌblɪk/ n.共和国，共和政体 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 ②malaria /mə'leəriə/ n.疟疾 ③deadly /'dedli/ adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 ④survival /sə'vaɪv(ə)l/ n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关) survivor n.幸存者 ⑤province /'prɒvɪns/n.省，省份 ⑥Traditional Chinese Medicine 传统中医 Western medicine西医 ⑦broad /brɔːd/ adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 broadly adv.大体上；基本上 ⑧intend /ɪn'tend/ vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指 intention n.打算；计划；目的；意图 intend doing/to do sth打算做某事 ⑨traditional Chinese medical recipes 中药配方 ⑩extract /'ekstrækt; ɪk'strækt/ n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 ⑪herb /hɜːb/ n.药草，香草；草本 ⑫refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 “查词典”的表达法： refer to the dictionary look up a word in the dictionary consult the dictionary ⑬experiment /ɪk'sperɪmənt/ n.实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 ⑭failure /'feɪljə(r)/ n.[U] 失败；[C] 失败的人或事物 success n.[U] 成功，成名；[C] 成功的人或事物 ⑮succeed in doing sth 成功地做成某事 ⑯trial /'traɪəl/ n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验vi.& vt.测试，试验 through trial and error反复试验 on trial 试用；受审 ⑰limited /'lɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的 limit n.限制；极限；界限 vt.限制 ⑱household /'haʊshəʊld/ adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的n.一家人，家庭 household water containers家用储水的容器 ⑲postpone /pə'spəʊn/ vt.延迟，延期 ⑳sufficient /sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt/ adj.足够的，充足的 data /'deɪtə/ n.数据，资料，材料 speed up (使)加速 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 wisdom /'wɪzdəm/ n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的；聪明的 beneficial /ˌbenɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l/ adj.有益的，有用的 be beneficial to对……有益 ◎ 中国科学家获得2015年诺贝尔奖 迪娜·康纳 2015年12月11日 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中作出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。 1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。 即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验， 他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$