UNIT5 读与练·阅读限时训练三（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

[读与练·阅读限时训练三] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了印度农民Mahan Chandra Borah设立Annapurna稻米图书馆，旨在教育年轻人农业的重要性，并保存本土稻米种子的故事。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“41岁的水稻种植户Mahan Chandra Borah对此表示担忧，并旨在教育年轻人了解农业在他的国家的重要性。”以及第二段第一句“Mahan 说：‘由于人们的无知，印度数百种水稻和其他作物灭绝了，我想为此做点什么。’”可知，Mahan建立Annapurna稻米图书馆的灵感来源于公众对于稻米种子保护的无知导致了许多稻米和其他作物品种的灭绝。故选D。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“Mahan的大部分时间都花在阅读和帮助他父亲在田地里劳作。他说：‘和他一起在田里干活是我学到农业知识的方式。’”可知，Mahan是从他的父亲那里学习到了有关农业的知识。故选D。 3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句“Mahan说他最喜欢的水稻品种是Bhao Dhan。它的性质非常坚韧，可以很容易地适应阿萨姆邦容易发生洪水的自然环境”可知，他喜欢Bhao Dhan是因为它具有很好的适应能力，能很好地适应阿萨姆邦易发洪水的环境。故选D。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句“他说：‘我管理着我的家庭，维护着图书馆。资金短缺已经成为一个问题，但我正在设法管理，我相信我会克服困难，让它活下去。’”以及全文对Mahan的描述可知，Mahan Chandra Borah设立Annapurna稻米图书馆，旨在教育年轻人农业的重要性，并保存本土稻米种子，尤其是他在面对资金短缺的情况下仍然坚持运营图书馆，可以看出他既甘于奉献又意志坚定。故选A。 B [语篇解读]　本文属于说明文。为了解决日益增长的食物需求，专家介绍了两种在高楼大厦可以发展的农业，垂直农业和屋顶农场。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“如果目前的农业模式不改变，我们将需要一个新的耕地区域去为这个星球生产足够的食物。”和第三段第一句“城市农民可以在环保的摩天大楼上种植庄稼的垂直农场可能会是一个解决办法。”可知，垂直农场是为了解决这个星球食物不足的问题。故选B。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“与传统农业不同，垂直农业可以避免化学药品和疾病。”可知，垂直农场生产的是有机食品。故选C。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“因此，垂直农场需要额外的光源，比如人造光源。”可知，垂直农场面临的挑战是它需要额外的光源。故选B。 8.C　标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句“如果目前的农业模式不改变，我们将需要一个新的耕地区域去为这个星球生产足够的食物。”，第三段第一句“城市农民可以在环保的摩天大楼上种植庄稼的垂直农场可能会是一个解决办法。”和最后一段第一句“另一个种植新鲜食物的方法是在屋顶建立城市农场。”可知，这篇文章主要是围绕解决城市人口食物短缺问题提出了未来城市农场的2条建议。C选项“未来的农场”最符合文章标题。故选C。 C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明过去强调的每年要给农作物足够的磷肥是错误的，其实农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三、四句“Lawes生产的肥料含有一种植物很容易利用的磷。但一旦磷进入土壤，其中很大一部分就会与土壤矿物质发生反应，形成作物无法接触到的物质。有些还被锁在同样不可用的有机形式中。”可知，Lawes的肥料缺点是只能部分被植物吸收。故选C。 10.B　观点态度题。根据第三段第三、四、五句“事实上，传播这个信息曾经是土壤科学家Paul Withers的工作。20世纪80年代，作为一名政府农业顾问，他驾驶着一辆红色的沃尔沃旅行车在英格兰农村蜿蜒的道路上行驶，告诉农民要确保他们的庄稼获得足够的关键营养。”可推知，Withers对磷的过度使用持赞成态度。故选B。 11.C　段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句“Withers称之为‘保险农业’的这种方法至今仍在世界各地广泛使用。”和第四段第二、三、四句“英国作物科学家Roger Sylvester­Bradley迈出了合乎常理的第一步：他们停止向一半的大麦田添加磷肥，以观察植物的生长情况。八年后，他们才刚刚开始观察到磷短缺的最初迹象。”以及“Our production isn't changing.(我们的产量没有改变)”可知，本段强调说明了“保险农业”的无效性，即没有必要每年都使用那么多磷肥。故选C。 12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘植物可以利用我们过去的错误，'Sheida Sattari说，他2012年的分析发现，到2050年，全球土壤中遗留的磷含量足以将新肥料的预期需求减少一半。”可推知，Sattari的话说明农作物可以靠遗留下来的磷生存。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通过插枝的方式种植植物。 1.A　本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，根据上文可知，这里继续说明插枝的好处。A选项“它还开启了与自然更深层次的联系”符合语境，故选A。 2.C　上文指出，并不是所有植物的传播都是一样的，结合小标题可知，应该选择合适的可扦插的植物。C选项“所以，选择合适的植物是很重要的”符合语境，与上文构成因果关系。故选C。 3.E　根据后文可知，需要定期给插枝浇水以保持水分并监测土壤状况，从一个简单的修剪到一株健康的植物可能需要几周甚至几个月的时间，由此可知，插枝需要耐心。E选项“用插枝来种植植物是一门耐心的课程”符合语境，故选E。 4.D　上文指出插枝是可持续做法；故D选项“原因是它不用种子就能培育新植物”承接上文，解释插枝是一种可持续性做法的原因，符合语境，故选D。 5.G　根据上下文可知，本句是在建议开始插枝，然后把花园变成一个充满植物的愉快的花园。故G选项“当你开始这段旅程时，每一次切割都有可能是一个新的开始”符合语境，选项中“this journey”指代上文中的“a fascinating journey”。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了即将在巴黎市中心开放的一个 150695 平方英尺的有机屋顶花园，其目标是使该农场成为全球公认的可持续生产模式。 1.to feed　考查非谓语动词。根据谓语动词“will be used”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；动词短语be used to do意为“被用来做某事”，符合句意，故应用动词不定式。故填to feed。 2.incredibly　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词“resource­efficient”，作状语；incredibly为副词，表示“不可思议地”，符合句意。故填incredibly。 3.growing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词“form”，并与其为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示“正在发展的形式”，故应用现在分词形式。故填growing。 4.pollution　考查名词。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；pollution意为“污染”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填pollution。 5.sustainable　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，修饰名词“production”，作定语；sustainable为形容词，意为“可持续的”，符合句意。故填sustainable。 6.It　考查代词。分析句子可知，“that urban farming has become increasingly popular in recent years.”为主语从句，故空处应为形式主语，应用代词it；句首字母大写。故填It。 7.on　考查介词。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“the success”；动词短语bet on意为“赌注押在……”，符合句意。故填on。 8.launched　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“In 2016”可知，应用一般过去时；launch为动词，表示“发起、发动”，符合句意。故填launched。 9.whose　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a program”，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 10.vegetables　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，与“fruits”作并列宾语；根据“fruits”和句意可知，这里指各种各样的蔬菜，故应用vegetable的复数形式。故填vegetables。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·江苏盐城期中)If you ask children the question, “Where does your food come from？” Their answer probably is “the kitchen” or “the grocery store”.Mahan Chandra Borah, a 41­year­old rice farmer, was concerned about this and aimed to educate young people about the importance of agriculture in his country. “Hundreds of varieties of rice and other crops went extinct in India because of people's unawareness and I wanted to do something about it，” Mahan says.The result was the formation of the Annapurna Rice Library—a center preserving native seeds and all things ‘rice’. As a boy, Mahan was a curious reader.“I always had curiosity about things and wanted to get a PhD，” he recalls.Most of Mahan's days were spent reading and helping his father out in the fields.“Working with him in the fields is how I learnt all I know about farming，” he says. “Our family was humble.While I wanted to study more, the money was an issue，” he adds.Things became even harder when Mahan's father passed away.“I was completing my graduation and was heartbroken.However, I also had to look after my family.Studying further was out of the question, so I decided to do agriculture like my father for a living，” he says. Mahan could have decided to go for traditional farming, but instead, he decided to research alongside.“I went online to look for papers on farming and seed saving.For the library, I have 500 types of seeds preserved there，” he says.Mahan says his favorite rice variety is Bhao Dhan.It is very tough in nature and can adapt easily to the flood­prone (易发洪水的) nature of Assam.However, the lower yield per hectare has been the reason why the farmers do not prefer to grow the rice. For the last 15 years, Mahan has operated his library on his own funds.“I run my household and maintain the library.Lack of funds has become an issue, but I am managing somehow and I am sure I will overcome the difficulties and keep it alive，” he says. 1.What inspired Mahan to set up the Annapurna Rice Library? A.The expectation from his father. B.The lack of grain varieties in India. C.The great demand for more native seeds. D.The public ignorance of rice seed protection. 2.What can we learn about Mahan from the text? A.He came from a family rich enough. B.He graduated from college with a PhD. C.He dreamed to be an agricultural expert. D.He learned about farming from his father. 3.Why does Mahan like Bhao Dhan? A.Its delicious taste.　　　　　 B.Its high production. C.Its growing popularity. D.Its good adaptive ability. 4.Which of the following can best describe Mahan? A.Devoted and determined. B.Generous and easygoing. C.Courageous and humorous. D.Sensitive and open­minded. [二次精读] 重点 单词 extinct /ɪk'stɪkt/ adj.灭绝的；消亡的　　 　formation/fɔː'meɪʃ(ə)n/ n.组成物；构成；形成 humble /'hʌmb(ə)l/ adj.谦虚的，谦卑的 somehow/'sʌmhaʊ/ adv.以某种方式，用某种方法 重点 短语 be concerned about 关心，担忧　　　　　 aim to do sth旨在做某事 pass away去世 out of the question不可能的 adapt to适应 语块 积累 educate young people about the importance of agriculture　教育年轻人农业的重要性 have curiosity about 对……有好奇心 go for traditional farming 选择传统农业 operate one's library 管理某人的图书馆 长难句 分析 “Working with him in the fields is how I learnt all I know about farming，” he says. 他说：“和他一起在田里干活是我学到农业知识的方式。” 分析：这是一个主从复合句。working with him in the fields是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，how引导的表语从句中含有省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词all。 B (2024·福建莆田期末)Skyscrapers are the symbol of urban life and city people are used to seeing tall buildings and apartments.Farms, on the other hand, are associated with rural life.However, there are experts who think skyscrapers should become farms to meet the increasing food needs. By the middle of this century, some scientists suggest, almost 80% of the earth's population could live in cities.In addition, the population could increase to 9.1 billion people during that time yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.If current farming practices don't change, we will need an area of new land to produce enough food for the planet. Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution.In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make it a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. Vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say.Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases.Besides, crops would not suffer from problems like flooding.Finally, vertical farms would reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances. Some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough.For this reason, vertical farms would need additional light sources, such as artificial light. Another way of growing fresh food is to build urban farms on rooftops.This more practical approach may be more achievable than the idea of farms in skyscrapers, researchers suggest.Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. 5.What primary problem could vertical farming settle? A.Poor state of rural life. B.Shortage of food supply. C.High costs for transporting crops. D.Environmental pollution. 6.What is the advantage of vertical farming? A.It can benefit transport industry. B.It requires little care. C.It can produce organic food. D.It needs very low cost. 7.What is a big challenge to make vertical farming a reality? A.Farmable land.　　　　 B.Light sources. C.Crop diseases. D.Climate conditions. 8.What can be the best title of the text? A.Future Food Needs B.Symbol of Urban Life C.Farms of the Future D.Farming on Rooftops [二次精读] 重点 单词 skyscraper /'skaɪskreɪpə(r)/ n.摩天大楼　　negative/'neɡətɪv/ adj.消极的；否定的 rooftop /'ruːftɒp/ n.屋顶 achievable/ə'tʃiːvəbl/ adj.可完成的 innovative/'ɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj.革新的，新颖的 重点 短语 be used to doing习惯于做某事　　　　　 　 on the other hand另一方面 be free of没有……的，摆脱了……的 语块 积累 meet the increasing food needs　满足日益增长的粮食需求 available for 可用于……的 environmentally friendly 环保的 reduce the cost 降低成本 长 难句 分析 Some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough. 一些人认为，尽管种植在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物白天会得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，从句中although引导让步状语从句。 C (2024·山东临沂期中)Plants need phosphorus to grow.At first, people used organic or natural fertilizer.In 1842 English agricultural chemist John Bennet Lawes patented a process for treating phosphorus­rich bones and rocks with acid, making it easier for plants to obtain, and soon the world's first human­made fertilizer began selling. Later scientists discovered that phosphorus was a bit tricky.The fertilizer Lawes produced contained a form of phosphorus that plants can easily use.But as soon as the phosphorus hit the soil, a large part of it reacted with soil minerals, forming substances that crops can't access.Some also got locked away in equally unavailable organic forms. So scientists concluded farmers shouldn't cut back phosphorus.They should use more, especially as they raced to feed the world's growing populations during the 20th century.In fact, it was once soil scientist Paul Withers' job to spread the word.As a government farm advisor in the 1980s, he drove a red Volvo station wagon around the winding roads of rural England telling farmers to make sure their crops got plenty of key nutrients.This method, which Withers calls “insurance­based farming”， is still widely used around the world. But is the large amount of unused phosphorus in the soil­so­called legacy phosphorus actually as difficult to obtain as scientists once thought? English crop scientist Roger Sylvester­Bradley has taken a first common sense step: They stopped adding phosphorus fertilizer to half the barley field to see how the plants would grow.Eight years later, they have only just started to observe the first signs of phosphorus shortage.Barbara Cade­Menun, who oversees similar experiments in Canada, says, “Our production isn't changing.” “The plants can use our mistakes from the past，” says Sheida Sattari, whose 2012 analysis found global soils contain enough legacy phosphorus to cut the expected demand for new fertilizer in half by 2050. 9.What was the disadvantage of Lawes'fertilizer? A.The cost of producing it was a bit high. B.Too much of it would do harm to plants. C.It could only be partly absorbed by plants. D.It led to the loss of some minerals in the soil. 10.What was Withers' attitude to phosphorus overuse? A.He felt uncertain of it. B.He was in favor of it. C.He was worried about it. D.He showed no interest in it. 11.What does paragraph 4 mainly focus on? A.The increasing costs of fertilizer. B.The shortage of phosphorus resources. C.The ineffectiveness of “insurance­based farming ”. D.The phosphorus pollution of the environment. 12.What do Sattari's words mean in the last paragraph? A.Crops can live on legacy phosphorus. B.Phosphorus is a necessity to grow crops. C.Unused phosphorus is causing big trouble. D.It is wrong to use a large amount of phosphorus. [二次精读] 重点 单词 phosphorus /'fɒsfərəs/ n.磷　　patent/'peɪt(ə)nt/ v.获得……的专利权；授予专利 tricky /'trɪki/ adj.难对付的，棘手的 legacy/'leɡəsi/ adj.遗漏的 oversee/ˌəʊvə'siː/ v.监管，监督 重点 短语 cut back减少；缩减　　　　　　　　make sure确保 cut...in half切成两半 语块 积累 make it easier for plants to obtain　让植物更容易获得 get locked away 被锁起来 feed the world's growing populations 养活世界上不断增长的人口 a red Volvo station wagon 一辆红色的沃尔沃旅行车 take a first common sense step 迈出了第一步 长难句 分析 But as soon as the phosphorus hit the soil, a large part of it reacted with soil minerals, forming substances that crops can't access. 但一旦磷进入土壤，大部分磷就会与土壤矿物质发生反应，形成作物无法获取的物质。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。as soon as引导时间状语从句，forming substances是现在分词短语作状语，表示顺其自然的结果，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词substances。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·河南期中)The Art of Spreading New Plants from Cuttings In the world of gardening, there's a magical journey where you use the power of cuttings to create new life.Spreading plants from cuttings is a satisfying and sustainable (可持续的) practice.This increases your green treasures.__1___ Selecting and Preparing Cuttings Not all plants respond equally to the spreading process.__2__ Many plants are proper for spreading through cuttings.Research the specific needs of the plants you're interested in, paying attention to factors like season, plant age, and overall health. Choose healthy, disease­free stems (茎).Using clean, sharp knives, take your cuttings in the morning when the plant's water levels are best.Once you have your cuttings, remove leaves from the lower part of the stem to reduce water loss. Developing Your Cuttings to Plants __3__ Regularly water the cuttings to maintain wetness and monitor the soil condition.As roots develop and the plant establishes itself, gradually adapt it to the conditions of its future home.The journey from a simple cutting to a healthy plant may take weeks or even months, but the rewards are well worth the wait. Sustainable Gardening Practice Spreading plants through cuttings is not just about expanding your garden.It's a sustainable practice.__4__ Sharing your new plants with friends and fellow gardeners creates a sense of community and spreads the joy of growing your green family. Creating new plants from cuttings is a fascinating journey that will change your garden into a pleasant plant­filled garden.__5__ With a bit of patience, care, and a touch, you'll find great joy in seeing the cycle of life happen in your very own garden.Happy spreading！ A.It also starts a deeper connection with nature. B.This technique can not be easily learned. C.So, it's important to choose the right plants. D.The reason is that it creates new plants without using seeds. E.Growing plants from cuttings is a lesson in patience. F.Getting an independent plant from just a tiny cutting is a fortune in itself. G.As you start on this journey, each cutting holds the possibility for a new beginning. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·云南昆明期中)A 150, 695­square­foot organic rooftop garden will open in the heart of Paris. More than 30 different plant species will be grown on the roof and gardeners will be able to harvest lots of fruits every day.The fresh produce will be used 1.________(feed) local communities and supply a restaurant in the building.The project will use advanced watering technology and doesn't require soil, making the farming process 2.________ (incredible) resource­efficient. This farming project will provide a window into a rapidly 3.________(grow) form of agriculture that could significantly improve global food security, fight against climate change, and reduce air 4.________(pollute). “The goal is to make the farm a globally recognized model for 5.________(sustain) production，” said Pascal Hardy, founder.of Agripolis.the urban farming company behind the project. 6.________ is obvious that urban farming has become increasingly popular in recent years.Countries such as Singapore are betting big 7.________ the success of urban farming to improve food security. In 2016, the Parisian government 8.________(launch) a program called Parisculteurs, 9.________ aim is to create 100 hectares (公顷) of green space in the capital by 2020.Once Agripolis' farms start producing 10.________ (vegetable) and fruits, the city will be well on its way to achieving this goal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$